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Journal articles on the topic 'Bulinus truncatus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 September 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Leopard, Matthew G., and Hadar Isseroff. "Population inhibitors in cultures of Bulinus truncatus rohlfsi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-115.

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Bulinus truncatus rohlfsi is a snail host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Observations on the dynamics of laboratory cultures of B. t. rohlfsi are presented from a series of experiments that investigated the effects of population density, pH, and oxygen concentration, and the inhibitory effects of old snail culture media. The data suggest that survival and fecundity are density dependent and that the cause of this effect is a fairly thermostable compound with a molecular weight <1000.

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2

El Babili, F., N. Fabre, C. Moulis, and I. Fouraste. "Molluscicidal activity against Bulinus truncatus of Croton campestris." Fitoterapia 77, no. 5 (July 2006): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.03.003.

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3

Harris, R. A., T. M. Preston, and V. R. Southgate. "Purification of an agglutinin from the haemolymph of the snail Bulinus nasutus and demonstration of related proteins in other Bulinus spp." Parasitology 106, no. 2 (February 1993): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000074928.

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SUMMARYThe snail Bulinus nasutus 1214 possesses a potent haemagglutinin (end-point titre with human erythrocytes, 2−18) in its cell-free haemolymph which also binds to the miracidia (but not other larvae) of the incompatible parasite Schistosoma margrebowiei. We have purified a protein possessing this haemagglutinating property from the plasma of this snail. The native Mr of this protein was estimated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 210 kDa; under denaturing conditions in a 7.5% PAGE gel it ran as a major band of 135 kDa. Proteins of similar Mr were also found in the haemolymph of 16 other Bulinus spp. (the major intermediate hosts of human and veterinary schistosomiasis in Africa) although the plasma of none of these agglutinated human erythrocytes. Nonetheless, Cleveland mapping of the Mr 135 kDa bands from these different Bulinus spp. revealed 4 identical major peptide fragments (30, 28, 19 and 16 kDa) in each, thus demonstrating a similarity in the primary structure of these plasma proteins. Antisera from Balb/C mice immunized with the 135 kDa polypeptide from Bulinus truncatus 1521 cross-reacted in Western blots with the 135 kDa band of other members of the same truncatus/tropicus species complex but not with species from the africanus or forskalii species groups.

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Hamlili, Fatima Zohra, Fatou Thiam, Maureen Laroche, Adama Zan Diarra, Souleymane Doucouré, Papa Mouhamadou Gaye, Cheikh Binetou Fall, et al. "MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of freshwater snails from Senegal, including intermediate hosts of schistosomes." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): e0009725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009725.

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Freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria, Bulinus, and Oncomelania are intermediate hosts of schistosomes that cause human schistosomiasis, one of the most significant infectious neglected diseases in the world. Identification of freshwater snails is usually based on morphology and, potentially, DNA-based methods, but these have many drawbacks that hamper their use. MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionised clinical microbiology and has emerged in the medical entomology field. This study aims to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the identification of both frozen and ethanol-stored snail species using protein extracts from different body parts. A total of 530 field specimens belonging to nine species (Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus forskalii, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus globosus, Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoides, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata) and 89 laboratory-reared specimens, including three species (Bi. pfeifferi, Bu. forskalii, Bu. truncatus) were used for this study. For frozen snails, the feet of 127 field and 74 laboratory-reared specimens were used to validate the optimised MALDI-TOF MS protocol. The spectral analysis yielded intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity which resulted in the correct identification of all the specimens in blind queries, with log-score values greater than 1.7. In a second step, we demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to identify ethanol-stored snails using proteins extracted from the foot using a specific database including a large number of ethanol preserved specimens. This study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for the rapid identification of frozen and ethanol-stored freshwater snails without any malacological expertise.

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EBODI, ALADDIN YOUSIF ELTEIB, and MOHAMMED MAGZOUB AHMED. "Toxicity of Randia nilotica fruit extract on Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus." Cell Biology and Development 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v010105.

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Ebodi AYE, Ahmed MM. 2017. Toxicity of Randia nilotica fruit extract on Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus. Cell Bio Dev 1 (1): 23-30. The aqueous filtered and unfiltered extract of the fruits of Randia nilotica (locally name as Shagarat El-Murfaein) were assessed as molluscicides against Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus as well as their effect on cercariae and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni. The plant was tested on uninfected B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus, the results showed that unfiltered extracts were found relatively more potent than filtered one (i.e. 100% was attained at 90 ppm and 80 ppm) respectively. While, filtered extract tested on uninfected B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus (100% was attained at 100 ppm and 90 ppm) respectively. The effect of unfiltered extract on infected B. pfeifferi produced 100% mortality in concentration of 70 ppm. The activity of the plant on cercariae and miracidia revealed that cercariae was more resistance than miracidia (i.e.50 ppm killed all cercariae within 3 hours while killed miracidia within 2 hours. The results were statistically analyzed and discussed, and the findings were promising and could open new avenues for the practical use of the plant at the field.

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6

Smith, Marcia E., Steven A. Steiner, and Hadar Isseroff. "Urea: inhibitor of growth and reproduction in Bulinus truncatus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 108, no. 4 (August 1994): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(94)90342-5.

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7

C. GLITHO, Sonya, Yves-Nathan T. TIAN-BI, Nana Rose DIAKITÉ, Cyrille Koffi KONAN, and Eliézer Kouakou N’GORAN. "Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 158 (February 28, 2021): 16340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.158.8.

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Objectif : Identifier les espèces Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides et, évaluer la compatibilité des schistosomes avec les mollusques hôtes intermédiaires et la souris blanche (Mus musculus albinos), hôte définitif, en infestation expérimentale. Méthodologie et résultats : Des schistosomes ont été obtenus à partir de bulins infestés naturellement ou expérimentalement avec des miracidiums provenant des urines de l’homme. Ils ont permis d’étudier la compatibilité de quatre populations de Bulinus truncatus avec deux souches du groupe S. haematobium. La chronobiologie cercarienne a été étudiée à partir de quatre tranches horaires : 6-10h, 10-12h, 12-15h et 15- 18h. Des souris blanches infestées expérimentalement, ont été perfusées pour dénombrer les vers adultes. Une meilleure compatibilité schistosome-mollusque a été observée au niveau des infestations sympatriques. Le pic d’émergence cercarienne pour les mollusques naturellement infestés a été observé entre 6-10h, 10h15h et à 15-18h, tandis que celui des bulins infestés expérimentalement a été majoritairement observé entre 10-15h. En termes de nombre de vers collectés, les souris blanches ont été plus permissives aux schistosomes provenant des mollusques naturellement infestés. Conclusion et application des résultats : Les pics d’émergence cercarienne précoce (6-10h) et tardif (15-18h) pourraient être liés à S. bovis, tandis que celui de 10-15h correspondrait à S. haematobium. De même, en raison de la très faible compatibilité connue entre Mus musculus albinos et S. haematobium, les schistosomes auxquels les souris blanches ont été plus permissives sont fort probablement des S. bovis et/ou hybrides S. bovis x S. haematobium. Ainsi, les espèces anthropophiles et celles zoophiles du groupe Schistosoma haematobium peuvent être distinguées de manière routinière par deux approches. La première, en disséquant des souris de laboratoire (Mus musculus albinos) 4 mois après leur mise au contact de l’eau contenant des cercaires obtenues après exposition à la lumière de mollusques infestés prélevés sur le terrain ; la seconde en comparant les profils obtenus après dénombrement des cercaires émises au cours de quatre tranches horaires bien choisies. Mots clés : Bulinus truncatus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, Caractérisation, Chronobiologie. Glitho et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. 16341 ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the species Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and their hybrids; to evaluate the compatibility of schistosomes with intermediate host snails and the white mouse (Mus musculus albinos), the definitive host for experimental infestation. Methodology and results: Schistosomes have been obtained from naturally or experimentally infested snails with miracidiums from human urine. The compatibility of four populations of Bulinus truncatus with two strains of the S. haematobium group was studied. The chronobiology of cercariae was studied in four time slots: 6- 10h, 10-12h, 12-15h and 15-18h. Experimentally infested white mice were perfused and adult worms were collected. A better schistosome-snail compatibility was observed in sympatric infestations. The peak of cercarial emergence for naturally infested snails was at 6-10h, 10h-15h and 15-18h, while that of the snails experimentally infested was mostly observed at 10-15h. In terms of number of worms collected, white mice were more permissive to schistosomes from naturally infested snails. Conclusion and application of results: Early (6-10h) and late (15-18h) cercarial emergence peaks can be related to S. bovis, while the 10-15h peak correspond to S. haematobium. Due to the reported low compatibility between the white mice Mus musculus albinos and S. haematobium, the observed schistosomes permissive to the white mice are most likely S. bovis and/or hybrids S. bovis x S. haematobium. Therefore, anthropophilic and zoophilic species of the Schistosoma haematobium group can be routinely distinguished by two approaches. The first, dissecting laboratory mice (Mus musculus albinos) 4 months after their contact with water containing cercariae obtained after exposure to light from infested snails collected in the field; the second by comparing the profiles obtained after enumeration of cercariae emitted during four well-chosen time slots. Keywords: Bulinus truncatus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, hybrid, Characterization, Chronobiology.

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Abe, Eniola, Yun-Hai Guo, Haimo Shen, Masceline Mutsaka-Makuvaza, Mohamed Habib, Jing-Bo Xue, Nicholas Midzi, Jing Xu, Shi-Zhu Li, and Xiao-Nong Zhou. "Phylogeography of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Selected African Countries." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040127.

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The transmission of some schistosome parasites is dependent on the planorbid snail hosts. Bulinus truncatus is important in urinary schistosomiasis epidemiology in Africa. Hence, there is a need to define the snails’ phylogeography. This study assessed the population genetic structure of B. truncatus from Giza and Sharkia (Egypt), Barakat (Sudan) and Madziwa, Shamva District (Zimbabwe) using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) markers. COI was sequenced from 94 B. truncatus samples including 38 (Egypt), 36 (Sudan) and 20 (Zimbabwe). However, only 51 ITS 1 sequences were identified from Egypt (28) and Sudan (23) (because of failure in either amplification or sequencing). The unique COI haplotypes of B. truncatus sequences observed were 6, 11, and 6 for Egypt, Sudan, and Zimbabwe, respectively. Also, 3 and 2 unique ITS 1 haplotypes were observed in sequences from Egypt and Sudan respectively. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from Sudan and Zimbabwe indicated high haplotype diversity with 0.768 and 0.784, respectively, while relatively low haplotype diversity was also observed for sequences from Egypt (0.334). The location of populations from Egypt and Sudan on the B. truncatus clade agrees with the location of both countries geographically. The clustering of the Zimbabwe sequences on different locations on the clade can be attributed to individuals with different genotypes within the population. No significant variation was observed within B. truncatus populations from Egypt and Sudan as indicated by the ITS 1 tree. This study investigated the genetic diversity of B. truncatus from Giza and Sharkia (Egypt), Barakat area (Sudan), and Madziwa (Zimbabwe), which is necessary for snail host surveillance in the study areas and also provided genomic data of this important snail species from the sampled countries.

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9

Doums, Claudie, Mireille-Ange Perdieu, and Philippe Jarne. "Resource Allocation and Stressful Conditions in the Aphallic Snail Bulinus truncatus." Ecology 79, no. 2 (March 1998): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/176965.

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10

Zein-Eddine, Rima, Félicité F. Djuikwo-Teukeng, Yasser Dar, Gilles Dreyfuss, and Frederik Van den Broeck. "Population genetics of the Schistosoma snail host Bulinus truncatus in Egypt." Acta Tropica 172 (August 2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.002.

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11

Abdalla, Abdel-Monem, Mohamed El-Mogy, Nevin M. Farid, and Mohamed El-Sharabasy. "Two glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes purified from Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 143, no. 1 (January 2006): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.10.007.

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12

JARNE, P., F. VIARD, B. DELAY, and G. CUNY. "Variable microsatellites in the highly selfing snail Bulinus truncatus (Basommatophora: Planorbidae)." Molecular Ecology 3, no. 5 (October 1994): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.1994.tb00132.x.

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13

Khallaayoune, K., and H. Laamrani. "Seasonal patterns in the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Attaouia, Morocco." Journal of Helminthology 66, no. 2 (June 1992): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00012645.

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ABSTRACTIn the Attaouia area, the density of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827), was monitored monthly for a period of one year in correlation with weather variations. Snails were active throughout the year and particularly abundant at the end of spring and summer. Two snail generations were found to overlap. The infection rate of B. truncatus reached a maximum of 3·5% in the summer when human water contact was frequent. A selective survey conducted in the village of Lamyayha showed that the prevalence of infection with S. haematobium among the local population was 21·2% who were passing from 10 to 80 eggs per 10 ml of urine.

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14

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Use of Nicotiana tobaccum extractions as a molluscicide to the snail of Bulinus truncates." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 2 (June 7, 2009): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.2.298-301.

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Nicotiana tobaccum L (Solanacea) extracts are used as a mollusciede to the snail Bulinus truncatus the intermediate host of urinary Schistosomiasis. LC50 of the extracts to the snail with 24 hour was 3.27 ml/l? 48 hour was 3.33 ml/l? 72 hour was 2.67 ml/l and 96 hour was 2.28ml/l. This study showed the ability to use the leaf extracts in the control of this type of snail.

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BROWN, D. S., and K. M. SHAW. "FRESHWATER SNAILS OF THE BULINUS TRUNCATUS/TROPICUS COMPLEX IN KENYA: TETRAPLOID SPECIES." Journal of Molluscan Studies 55, no. 4 (1989): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/55.4.509.

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Doums, C., F. Viard, P. David, and P. Jarne. "Phally status and size in Niger populations of Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 63, no. 1 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/63.1.111.

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Viard, F., C. Doums, and P. Jarne. "Selfing, sexual polymorphism and microsatellites in the hermaphrodititic freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 264, no. 1378 (January 22, 1997): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0006.

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Sharaf El-Din, Ahmed, Favez Bakrv, and Ahmed Tantawv. "M0LLUSC1CIDAL ACTIVITY OF ZYGOPHYLLUMSIMPLEX (FAMILY: ZYGOPHYLLACEAE) AGAINST BJOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA AND BULINUS TRUNCATUS." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 5, no. 4 (September 1, 2001): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2001.1713.

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19

Mostafa, Osama M. S., Saad M. Bin Dajem, Ahmed Al-Qahtani, Essam H. Ibrahim, and Saleh A. S. Al-Quraishy. "Developing species-specific primers to identify Bulinus truncatus and Bulinus beccari, the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium in Saudi Arabia." Gene 499, no. 2 (May 2012): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.03.024.

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20

SALIBA, Elias K., and Naim S. ISMAIL. "A LONGIFURCATE DISTOME CERCARIA FROM BULINUS TRUNCATUS SNAILS IN THE JORDAN VALLEY, JORDAN." Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 49, no. 5-6 (1996): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7883/yoken1952.49.201.

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Bakry, Fayez A., Somaya M. Ismail, and Mahmoud S. Abd El-Atti. "RETRACTED: Glyphosate herbicide induces genotoxic effect and physiological disturbances in Bulinus truncatus snails." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 123 (September 2015): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.015.

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Valipour Nouroozi, Rouhollah. "Detection of Bulinus truncatus in Parts of Khuzestan Province, Iran, During October 2015." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 3, no. 2 (May 12, 2016): 36520. http://dx.doi.org/10.17795/ajcmi-36520.

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23

Schrag, Stephanie J., D. Rollinson, Anne E. Keymer, and A. F. Read. "Heritability of male outcrossing ability in the simultaneous hermaphrodite,Bulinus truncatus(Gastropoda: Planorbidae)." Journal of Zoology 226, no. 2 (February 1992): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb03841.x.

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Sulieman, Yassir, Abdel-Aziz A. Ahmed, Azzam Afifi, and Theerakamol Pengsakul. "Laboratory evaluation of Limnatis nilotica leech (Annelida: Hirudinea) as a biocontrol agent for the schistosome-vector snail, Bulinus truncatus." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 3, no. 10 (October 2015): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.3.2015j5-160.

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25

Ozumba, N. A., N. Ø. Christensen, A. B. C. Nwosu, and O. C. Nwaorgu. "Endemicity, focality and seasonality of transmission of human schistosomiasis in Amagunze Village, eastern Nigeria." Journal of Helminthology 63, no. 3 (September 1989): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00008993.

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ABSTRACTThe pattern of transmission of human schistosomiasis was studied in Amagunze Village, eastern Nigeria, during 1986–1987. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in 119 schoolboys aged 5–12 years was 79%. The geometric mean of intensity of infection was 49 eggs/10 ml urine and the frequency of visible haematuria was 25·2%. No S. mansoni infections were demonstrated. A marked seasonality in population density of Bulinus truncatus, B. forskalii and Biomphalaria pfeifferi was demonstrated with reduced densities during the late rainy and early dry seasons. Schistosoma sp. infected B. truncatus were found in the late dry and early rainy seasons in 2 out of 7 major human water contact sites studied. Seasonality and focality of transmission of S. haematobium and its high endemicity in the area were thus demonstrated.

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Moser, Wendelin, Helena Greter, Christian Schindler, Fiona Allan, Bongo N. R. Ngandolo, Daugla D. Moto, Jürg Utzinger, and Jakob Zinsstag. "The spatial and seasonal distribution of Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus forskalii and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis, in N’Djamena, Chad." Geospatial health 9, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2014.9.

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Mouahid, A., and C. Combes. "Genetic variability of Schistosoma bovis cercarial production according to miracidial dose." Journal of Helminthology 61, no. 1 (March 1987): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00009780.

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ABSTRACTCercarial production related to miracidial dose variation with Schistosoma bovis strains from Sudan and Spain in Bulinus truncatus from Tunisia was studied. Results showed that an increase in the miracidial dose proposed to the host-mollusc (1 and 5 miracidia) gave rise to a decrease in cercarial productivity of Sudanese S. bovis and to an increase for Spanish s. bovis. It is concluded that this response difference tothe miracidial dose variation depends on genetic characters peculiar to the parasite strain and represents a new aspect of genetic variability of schistosome populations.

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Kechemir, N., and A. Théron. "Intraspecific variation inSchistosoma haematobiumfrom Algeria." Journal of Helminthology 71, no. 1 (March 1997): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000754.

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AbstractA comparative analysis has been carried out between two populations ofSchistosoma haematobiumusing the same intermediate snail host,Bulinus truncatus, but originating from two distinct ecological areas of Algeria: Khemis-El-Khechna in a sub-humid mediterranean zone and Djanet in a saharan bioclimatic zone. Four parameters have been studied: the growth rate of adult worms, size and shape of the eggs, chronobiology of cercarial emergence and the compatibility with the intermediate host. Results showing divergences for all the characters studied are discussed for the origin of this intraspecific polymorphism ofS. haematobiumin Algeria.

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Rivera, E. R., and J. Jourdane. "Ultrastructure of transplanted schistosome sporocysts in incompatible snails." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100084880.

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The tropical parasitic disease schistosomiasis haematobium requires the snail vector Bulinus truncatus to successfully complete its life cycle. While in the snail, the parasite exists as a cercarial producing sporocyst. The infection of snails by the parasite is very specific, different subpopulations (strains) of parasites are not always compatible with snails from different geographic regions. It is not always known if the incompatibility is due to failure of penetration of snails by parasites or to subsequent destruction of sporocysts by infected snails. In these experiments, sporocysts from compatible sporocyst-snai1 infections were surgically transplanted into snails not compatible with the parasite.Egyptian snails (B. truncatus) which had been infected with the Egyptian strain of Schistosoma haematobium were dissected after five weeks. Sporocysts were removed from the hepatopancreas and surgically implanted into B. truncatus snails from Egypt (compatible), Morocco and Niger (incompatible). After four days, these snails were dissected and the transplanted sporocysts were prepared for electron microscopy. Each sample was also tested for glycogen contents by the Thiery Silver test.

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STURROCK, R. F., O. T. DIAW, I. TALLA, M. NIANG, J. P. PIAU, and A. CAPRON. "Seasonality in the transmission of schistosomiasis and in populations of its snail intermediate hosts in and around a sugar irrigation scheme at Richard Toll, Senegal." Parasitology 123, no. 7 (November 2001): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008125.

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Irrigation for intensive sugar cultivation started in the early 1980s at Richard Toll, some 100 km from the mouth of the Senegal River. Infections with Schistosoma mansoni were first seen in late 1988. This study records quantitative snail surveys for over 3 years from 1992 at sites representing different habitats in and around the irrigation scheme. Populations of both Biomphalaria pfeifferi (the intermediate host of S. mansoni) and Bulinus spp. (mainly B. truncatus, the local host of S. bovis) peaked in late ‘spring' or early ‘summer', depending on the habitat, and then remained low until the following ‘spring'. B. pfeifferi favoured smaller, man-made habitats with most transmission between May and August each year. The less abundant Bulinus spp. favoured larger natural and man-made habitats with most S. bovis transmission between April and July. S. mansoni infections were more, but S. bovis infections were less abundant than other trematodes in their respective snail hosts. Ecological changes in the early 1980s due to sugar irrigation pre-dated similar, more widespread changes in the late 1980s when the completion of dams across the Senegal River prevented seasonal rain fed floods and sea water intrusion. S. mansoni has since spread rapidly around Richard Toll. The incompatibility of the local S. haematobium strains with the dominant bulinid snails has so far prevented an epidemic of urinary schistosomiasis at Richard Toll, but the invasion of similar downstream habitats by susceptible B. globosus is worrying. The principal control measure, chemotherapy, given in the ‘winter' would minimise the rate of reinfection. It could be reinforced by judicious mollusciciding within the sugar irrigation scheme but not elsewhere.

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Mouahid, A., H. Moné, A. Chaib, and A. Théron. "Cercarial shedding patterns of Schistosoma bovis and S. haematobium from single and mixed infections of Bulinus truncatus." Journal of Helminthology 65, no. 1 (March 1991): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00010373.

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ABSTRACTThe cercarial shedding of Schistosoma bovis and S. haematobium were studied in single and mixed infections in the snail host Bulinus truncatus. The two species displayed a distinctive diurnal cercarial emergence with an earlier shedding pattern for S. bovis than S. haematobium (the average emergence peaks were respectively at 0800 h and 1200 h). In mixed infections, each species kept its own cercarial shedding rhythm with no marked alterations. The cercarial emergence pattern is proposed as a new method to identify natural mixed infections in the snail intermediate hosts. The interactions between the two parasites are discussed.

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Saad, Hakim. "Histopathological study on susceptible and resistant Bulinus truncatus snails to infection with Schistosoma haematobium." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (January 29, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp12.1006.

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BROWN, D. S., K. M. SHAW, and D. ROLLINSON. "FRESHWATER SNAILS OF THE BULINUS TRUNCATUS/TROPICUS COMPLEX (BASOMMATOPHORA: PLANORBIDAE) IN KENYA: DIPLOID POPULATIONS." Journal of Molluscan Studies 57, no. 2 (April 1991): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/57.2.143.

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34

Jelnes, J. E. "Laboratory selection for increased tolerance to niclosamide in Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) from Iran." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 81, no. 2 (January 1987): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1987.11812104.

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Rollinson, D., D. De Clercq, M. Sacko, M. Traoré, M. Sene, V. R. Southgate, and J. Vercruysse. "Observations on compatibility between Bulinus truncatus and Schistosoma haematobium in the Senegal River Basin." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 91, no. 4 (June 1997): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1997.11813152.

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ROLLINSON, D. DE CLERCQ, M. Sacko,, D. "Observations on compatibility between Bulinus truncatus and Schistosoma haematobium in the Senegal River Basin." Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology 91, no. 4 (June 1, 1997): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034989760996.

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Viard, Frédérique, Philippe Bremond, Rabiou Labbo, Fabienne Justy, Bernard Delay, and Philippe Jarne. "Microsatellites and the Genetics of Highly Selfing Populations in the Freshwater Snail Bulinus truncatus." Genetics 142, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.4.1237.

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Abstract Hermaphrodite tropical freshwater snails provide a good opportunity to study the effects of mating system and genetic drift on population genetic structure because they are self-fertile and they occupy transient patchily distributed habitats (ponds). Up to now the lack of detectable allozyme polymorphism prevented any intrapopulation studies. In this paper, we examine the consequences of selfing and bottlenecks on genetic polymorphism using microsatellite markers in 14 natural populations (under a hierarchical sampling design) of the hermaphrodite freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus. These population genetics data allowed us to discuss the currently available mutation models for microsatellite sequences. Microsatellite markers revealed an unexpectedly high levels of genetic variation with ≤41 alleles for one locus and gene diversity of 0.20–0.75 among populations. The values of any estimator of Fis, indicate high selfing rates in all populations. Linkage disequilibria observed at all loci for some populations may also indicate high levels of inbreeding. The large extent of genetic differentiation measured by Fst, Rst or by a test for homogeneity between genic distributions is explained by both selfing and bottlenecks. Despite a limited gene flow, migration events could be detected when comparing different populations within ponds.

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Doums, Claudie, Philippe Bremond, Bernard Delay, and Philippe Jarne. "The Genetical and Environmental Determination of Phally Polymorphism in the Freshwater Snail Bulinus truncatus." Genetics 142, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.1.217.

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In some species of self-fertile pulmonate snails, two sexual morphs co-occur in natural populations: regular individuals and aphallic individuals that cannot transmit sperm to other snails. Purely aphallic populations therefore reproduce obligatorily by selfing. Understanding the evolution of aphally and selfing in these snails requires a precise knowledge of phally determination. In this paper, we investigate the genetic and environmental determination of aphally in Bulinus truncatus by a survey of the family (offspring) aphally ratio of 233 individuals originating from seven natural populations and a study of the reaction norm of the family aphally ratio to temperature using 60 individuals from 10 selfed lineages of one population. Our results indicate a high genetic variability for the determination of aphally between populations and within some populations, associated with a high level of genetic determination. Our second experiment indicates a significant temperature and lineage effect though no interaction between these two effects. We discuss our results in the framework of threshold models developed for dimorphic traits with polygenic inheritance. We propose that the sexual morph of an individual at a given temperature is determined by a temperature threshold value depending on both the individual genotype and probabilistic processes.

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Stroehlein, Andreas J., Pasi K. Korhonen, David Rollinson, J. Russell Stothard, Ross S. Hall, Robin B. Gasser, and Neil D. Young. "Bulinus truncatus transcriptome – a resource to enable molecular studies of snail and schistosome biology." Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases 1 (2021): 100015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100015.

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Young, Neil D., Liina Kinkar, Andreas J. Stroehlein, Pasi K. Korhonen, J. Russell Stothard, David Rollinson, and Robin B. Gasser. "Mitochondrial genome of Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Lymnaeoidea): Implications for snail systematics and schistosome epidemiology." Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases 1 (2021): 100017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100017.

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Fryer, S. E., and A. J. Probert. "The cercarial output from three Nigerian bulinids infected with two strains of Schistosoma haematobium." Journal of Helminthology 62, no. 2 (June 1988): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00011378.

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ABSTRACTThe daily cercarial output of two Nigerian strains of Schistosoma haematobium in sympatric Bulinus truncatus, B. globosus and B. senegalensis was measured at weekly intervals from the start of emission to the snails' death. In all cases cercariae were released throughout the life of the host, with no cases of “self cure”. Patterns of output through the course of infections in B. truncatus and B. senegalensis were similar to those reported for S. haematobium by other workers, with daily production of cercariae rising to a peak within a few weeks of the onset of shedding, then declining until the host's death. In the longer lived B. globosus production was significantly higher, but declined to very low levels after the initial peak; in some individuals cercarial output remained very low, while others showed a second period of high cercarial emission. The relative compatibility of each host-parasite combination is discussed.

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WEBSTER, B. L., and V. R. SOUTHGATE. "Compatibility of Schistosoma haematobium, S. intercalatum and their hybrids with Bulinus truncatus and B. forskalii." Parasitology 127, no. 3 (September 2003): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003003597.

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Schistosoma haematobium and S. intercalatum readily hybridize with each other producing generations of viable hybrid offspring. Experiments were designed to investigate the infectivity and viability of the S. haematobium×S. intercalatum F1 and F2 hybrid larvae in their two intermediate snail hosts compared with the parental species. Analysis of the data obtained suggested that the S. haematobium [male ]×S. intercalatum [female] F1 hybrid miracidia were more infective to Bulinus truncatus than to B. forskalii, and also more infective to B. truncatus compared with the parental S. haematobium miracidia. This hybrid was also observed to have a greater cercarial productivity from both intermediate hosts and these cercariae were shown to be more infectious and to have a longer longevity compared with the cercariae of S. haematobium, S. intercalatum and the S. haematobium [female]×S. intercalatum [male ] F1 hybrid cercariae. The S. haematobium [female]×S. intercalatum [male ] F1 hybrid was shown not to be very successful in all stages of the investigations. The results indicate that the S. haematobium [male ]×S. intercalatum [female] F1 hybrid may have many reproductive advantages over the reciprocal hybrid and the parental schistosome species. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to the epidemiological consequences occurring in Loum, Cameroon, and other areas where S. haematobium and S. intercalatum are sympatric and able to hybridize.

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Njiokou, Flobert, Christian Bellec, Patrick Berrebi, Bernard Delay, and Philippe Jarne. "Do self-fertilization and genetic drift promote a very low genetic variability in the allotetraploid Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) populations?" Genetical Research 62, no. 2 (October 1993): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300031682.

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SummaryBulinus truncatus, one of the intermediate hosts of the genus Schistosoma is an hermaphrodite freshwater snail species occupying a variety of environments over almost all Africa. These environments are subjected to large variations in water availability. B. truncatus is allotetraploid and its populations exhibit various frequencies of aphallic individuals (unable to reproduce as male). Both traits probably favour a reproduction by self-fertilization. Here we investigate the genetic structure of populations of B. truncatus of Niger and Ivory Coast using protein electrophoresis to analyse the influence of the environment and of both the last traits. To obtain an estimate of the true heterozygosity in this allotetraploid species, we analyse independently the two diploid loci at each tetraploid locus. Our study indicates (i) an extremely low intrapopulation polymorphism with most alleles fixed and the total absence of heterozygotes and (ii) low differentiation between populations. These results indicate high gene flow between populations. However, the existence of private alleles sometimes at high frequency, the low polymorphism and the lack of heterozygotes point to the role of both genetic drift and self-fertilization, the second amplifying the genetic consequences of the first.

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Elias, Marian, Rasha S. Hanafi, Samia El-Bardicy, Ebtisam A. Hafez, and Rashika El Ridi. "Resistance of Biomphalaria alexandrina to Schistosoma mansoni and Bulinus truncatus to Schistosoma haematobium Correlates with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in the Snail Soft Tissue." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (November 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852243.

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Only a fraction of the Biomphalaria and Bulinus snail community shows patent infection with schistosomes despite continuous exposure to the parasite, indicating that a substantial proportion of snails may resist infection. Accordingly, exterminating the schistosome intermediate snail hosts in transmission foci in habitats that may extend to kilometres is cost-prohibitive and damaging to the ecological equilibrium and quality of water and may be superfluous. It may be more cost effective with risk less ecological damage to focus on discovering the parameters governing snail susceptibility and resistance to schistosome infection. Therefore, laboratory bred Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus snails were exposed to miracidia of laboratory-maintained Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively. Snails were examined for presence or lack of infection association with soft tissue and hemolymph content of proteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides, evaluated using standard biochemical techniques and palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid, assayed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Successful schistosome infection of B. alexandrina and B. truncatus consistently and reproducibly correlated with snails showing highly significant (up to P < 0.0001 ) decrease in soft tissue and hemolymph content of the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, and arachidonic acids as compared to naïve snails. Snails that resisted twice infection had soft tissue content of oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid similar to naïve counterparts. High levels of soft tissue and hemolymph oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid content appear to interfere with schistosome development in snails. Diet manipulation directed to eliciting excessive increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids in snails may protect them from infection and interrupt disease transmission in a simple and effective manner.

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Jarne, Philippe, Luc Finot, Christian Bellec, and Bernard Delay. "Aphally Versus Euphally in Self-Fertile Hermaphrodite Snails from the Species Bulinus truncatus (Pulmonata: Planorbidae)." American Naturalist 139, no. 2 (February 1992): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285335.

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Ostrowski, M. F., P. Jarne, and P. David. "A phallus for free? Quantitative genetics of sexual trade-offs in the snail Bulinus truncatus." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16, no. 1 (January 2003): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00508.x.

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Saad El-Din, Abdel Hakim, Fathiya Ali Gawish, and Hanaa Mohamed Abu El Einin. "Cytokines and Mother Sporocysts in Susceptible and Resistant Bulinus Truncatus Snails Infected with Schistosoma Haematobium." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 44, no. 2 (August 2014): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0006467.

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El-Beshbishi, Samar N., Samia El Bardicy, Menerva Tadros, Magda Ayoub, and Amira Taman. "Biological activity of artemisinin-naphthoquine phosphate on Schistosoma haematobium stages and the vector Bulinus truncatus." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 113, no. 6 (January 21, 2019): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/try144.

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49

Albaret, Jean-Louis, Christiane Bayssade-Dufour, and Liboire D. Ngendahayo. "Identification des cercaires de Schistosoma africains émises par Bulinus umbilicatus, B. truncatus et B. forskalii." Systematic Parasitology 26, no. 3 (November 1993): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009728.

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50

Viard, Frédérique, Fabienne Justy, and Philippe Jarne. "Population Dynamics Inferred From Temporal Variation at Microsatellite Loci in the Selfing Snail Bulinus truncatus." Genetics 146, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.3.973.

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We analyzed short-term forces acting on the genetics of subdivided populations based on a temporal survey of the microsatellite variability in the hermaphrodite freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus. This species inhabits temporary habitats, has a short generation time and exhibits variable rates of selfing. We studied the variability over three sampling dates in 12 Sahelian populations (1161 individuals). Classical genetic parameters (estimators of Ho, He, f selfing rate and Fst) showed limited change over time whereas important temporal changes of allelic frequencies were detected for 10 of the ponds studied. These variations are not easily explained by selection, sampling drift and genetic drift alone and may be due to periodic migration. Indeed the habitats occupied by the populations studied are subject to large temporal fluctuations owing to annual cycles of drought and flood. In such ponds our results support a demographic model of population expansions and contractions under which available habitats, after the rainy season, are colonized by individuals originating from a smaller number of refuges (areas that never dry out in the deepest parts of the ponds). In contrast, selfing appeared to be an important force affecting the genetic structure in permanent ponds.

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