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Journal articles on the topic 'Bulkhead'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Paik, Jeom K., Anil K. Thayamballi, and Min S. Chun. "Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Ultimate Strength of Corrugated Bulkheads." Journal of Ship Research 41, no. 04 (December 1, 1997): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1997.41.4.301.

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The objectives of the present study are to obtain experimental data on collapse strength of steel corrugated bulkhead models and also to develop a simple analytical formulation for ultimate strength useful in the design of corrugated bulkheads under static lateral pressure. Collapse tests on nine mild steel corrugated bulkhead models having five bays of corrugations are carried out, varying the corrugation angle, the plate thickness and the type of loading (axial compression and/or lateral pressure). Using the test data, the characteristics of the collapse mechanism for corrugated bulkheads are investigated. For purposes of rapid first cut estimates of strength, a new and simple analytical formulation for predicting the ultimate strength of corrugated bulkheads under hydrostatic pressure is derived based on an assumed stress distribution over the corrugation cross section at the ultimate limit state. The modeling error associated with the new formulation is established by comparing its predictions with the experimental results. The development of ultimate strength based design guidelines and the effect of design parameters such as the corrugation angle on ultimate strength of a corrugated bulkhead are then discussed. All experimental information and strength data are tabulated, which is a benefit in itself.

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2

Szymanek, Ewa. "Use of fractional calculus in modeling of heat transfer process through external building partitions." Acta Innovations, no. 27 (April 1, 2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.27.7.

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This paper is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of heat distribution in an external building bulkhead. It analyzes the variation of temperature across the width of the bulkheads including the impact of changing external conditions. Mathematical model used in the research is formulated based on a fractional differential equation, which was proven to be a useful tool for describing this type of process in previous paper. Numerical results are compared with experiment data for different bulkhead configurations.

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3

Guo, Ruiping, Jason Martino, and David Dixon. "Fully coupled thermohydraulic modelling of the sealing bulkheads and adjacent rock in a full-scale underground test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-049.

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The Tunnel Sealing Experiment (TSX) was a two-phase international project funded by Canada, Japan, France, and the United States. The first phase was pressurizing the TSX chamber to 4 MPa to investigate the ability of clay and concrete bulkheads to reduce hydraulic flows. The second phase involved circulating heated water through the chamber to evaluate the influence of elevated temperature on the performance of the bulkheads and adjacent rock. A numerical analysis to simulate thermohydraulic evolution of the bulkheads and surrounding rock of the TSX was conducted to help in understanding the physical test process and the interaction between heat and pore pressure evolutions. The simulated rock temperature matched the measured data quite well; however the simulated bulkhead temperatures were greater than the measured temperatures. The difference may have been caused by entrapped air or formation of microchannels in the chamber sand, which would decrease the amount of heat reaching the bulkheads. The simulated thermally induced pore pressure increase in the clay bulkhead reasonably matched the measured data for the saturated portion. The difference in magnitude between simulated and measured rock pore pressures indicates that thermo hy draulic simulation should be coupled with a mechanical component when the stiffness of the media is large and hydraulic conductivity is low.Key words: numerical modelling, Tunnel Sealing Experiment, nuclear waste management, hydraulic head, thermal conduction, thermal convection.

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4

May, Peter I., Matthew Lagomarsino, and Patrick Kangas. "The green bulkhead: a vertical wetland design for urban harbors." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 8, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2021.08.00256.

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In urban harbors there is a reliance on the “gray infrastructure” of armored bulkheads along shorelines. While this form of shoreline technology provides stability and eliminates erosion, it limits shoreline biodiversity and lacks aesthetic value. In this paper, a living shoreline concept, termed the Green Bulkhead, is described and demonstrated. This is a kind of artificial vertical wetland with plants grown in a porous plastic fabric that is draped over the surface of an existing bulkhead. The system is irrigated with water that is pumped from the harbor. Several alternate designs have been tested for different medium types, planting patterns and water pumping regimes. It is proposed that the green bulkhead system can provide limited treatment wetland services in an urban setting where cost-effective water quality management options are minimal. Testing found that high percentages of sediment were retained within the matrix of the different media. The system has aesthetic benefits by “greening” the harbor environment with wetland plants and, because of its vertical orientation, it can be managed adaptively for sea level rise. This work is a report of an on-going ecological engineering project with demonstrations along the Baltimore, Maryland Inner Harbor and the Anacostia Waterfront in Washington, DC.

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5

Hagerty, D. J., and M. M. Nofal. "Design aids: anchored bulkheads in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-086.

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Available design methods for anchored bulkheads do not allow easy optimization of design. To facilitate optimization, generalized parameters were developed to characterize the design situation and analytical results. Design aids were formulated as graphs and tables which show the relations among input data (anchor location, surcharge pressure, dredge depth, depth to water, and soil characteristics) and design output (maximum moment, anchor force, and embedment). Key words : bulkhead, anchored, design, dredged, sand.

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6

Wang, Hong, Peng Liu, Xiang Liu, and Jin Gang Duan. "Soil-Pile Coupling Analysis of Steel Sheet Pile Bulkhead under Horizontal Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1180.

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With the development of steel sheet pile bulkhead gradually toward large-scale and deep water, natural conditions become worse and structural load rating continues to improve, design and construction of steel sheet pile bulkhead needs higher requirements. Then the stability of sheet pile bulkhead under horizontal loads becomes particularly prominent. This paper presents the displacement and stress of steel sheet pile bulkhead structure under different horizontal loads using ANSYS, which provide academic support for the design and construction of steel sheet pile bulkhead.

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7

perumal, A. Elaya. "An Innovative Bulkhead Design to Replace the Bulkhead Holes." Procedia Engineering 38 (2012): 3019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.352.

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8

Hang, Yuan, Lichuang Jin, Binbin Yang, Ning Li, Shichong Yuan, Zhilin Gao, Linxuan Sun, Sen Zheng, and Mingming Hu. "Evaluation of Water Retention Capacity of Bulkheads in Underground Coal Mines." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612498.

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The mechanism of water flow in and around the bulkheads and the surrounding rock is studied for Panel No. 21102 in the Sanhejian coal mine in Xuzhou, China. Based on an analysis of the properties of the bulkheads and the surrounding rock, three types of water conducting pathways are identified: (1) a water conducting pathway at the interface between the bulkhead and the surrounding rock; (2) a water conducting pathway in the faults of the rock; and (3) a water conducting pathway in the fractures of the rock. The possibility of these three pathways for water flow at Panel No. 21102 is analyzed, and the connectivity coefficient of the water conducting pathway is determined. The expression for calculating the critical hydraulic gradient of the rock by using the connectivity coefficient in the water conducting pathways is presented which is based on the permeability and integrity of the rock. The ratios of the critical hydraulic gradient to the steady state hydraulic gradient are calculated for 13 mines in China. An acceptable safety factor in controlling the water flow for the bulkhead is found to be 1.68. When the safety factor is less than 1.68, water leakage has occurred in a number of cases. Finally, changes in the water pressure in the bulkheads with time and changes in the seepage flow with time in the surrounding rock are analyzed. It is found that there is a good correlation between the rate of water flow and water pressure which confirms that water pressure plays a decisive role in controlling seepage from the rock in and around the bulkheads.

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9

Didry, Olivier, Malcolm N. Gray, André Cournut, and James Graham. "Modelling the early age behaviour of a low heat concrete bulkhead sealing an underground tunnel." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 1 (February 15, 2000): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-055.

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A major experiment - the tunnel sealing experiment, related to the disposal of heat generating radioactive wastes in geological formations and supported by government organizations from Japan, France, U.S.A., and Canada, is being carried out at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in Manitoba, Canada. Through a systematic process, the results from the experiment will be used to validate numerical models for the early age behaviour of high mass concrete bulkheads. A numerical model, based on the CESAR-LCPC finite element code equipped with the modules TEXO and MEXO, has been developed and used to predict the behaviour of a concrete bulkhead which will be built as part of the experiment. The TEXO-based component of the model which describes temperature changes has been validated. A maximum temperature rise in the concrete of 19°C is calculated. This will occur about 4 days after the concrete is cast. The temperature rise is low. This arises from the use of a specially developed low cement content concrete. Despite uncertainties in the MEXO-based model, which is used to describe the chemo-mechanical behaviour of the system, results indicate that it is unlikely that the concrete will crack, but a gap of 0.5 mm or more will develop between the bulkhead and the rock. Water leakage around the bulkhead through this gap could be significant and measures to seal this gap are advised. The modelling results recorded here will be tested against measurements made in the experiment. Thus, the numerical model will be formally validated and bounds to its use will be defined. Key words: concrete, bulkhead, sealing, early age behaviour, heat of hydration, autogenous shrinkage, underground repository, modelling.

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10

Тряскин, В. Н., and С. Юй. "Statement and solution the problem of designing of water-tight bulkheads web frames for large container vessels by using DNV-GL rules requirements and optimization techniques." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 3(53) (August 27, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.53.3.006.

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Поперечные переборки крупнотоннажных контейнерных судов представляют собой сложные конструкции, при проектировании которых обычно используется методология проверочного расчета на основе метода конечных элементов (МКЭ). Для создания конечно-элементной модели необходимо знать размеры всех элементов конструкций, входящих в состав переборки. Поэтому такой подход к проектированию является итерационным, что обуславливает высокую трудоемкость процесса проектирования. На ранних стадиях проектирования размеры конструкций поперечных переборок контейнеровоза могут быть быстро и достаточно точно оценены на основе аппарата нелинейного программирования, относительно простой модели составной (конструктивно-ортотропной) пластины и нормативных требований Правил классификационных обществ. Такой подход применяется в Российской практике при проектировании двойных конструкций типа двойное дно или понтон плавучего дока. В статье предложено решение задачи проектирования рамного набора поперечной переборки крупнотоннажного контейнеровоза на нагрузки от контейнеров, действующие на переборку при качке судна. Конструкция переборки приводится к условной модели «коффердамного» типа. Затем используется методика приведения составной «конструктивно-ортотропной» пластины к изотропной пластине с несколько иным соотношением сторон, но с такими же параметрами изгиба. Это позволяет применить существующие табличные данные для определения расчетных изгибающих моментов и перерезывающих сил, которые после аппроксимации представляются в виде полиномов – аналитических зависимостей. Показана постановка оптимизационно-поисковой задачи математического программирования. Целевая функция – характеристика массы рамного набора. Ограничения задачи формируются на основе нормативных требований DNV-GL и математических зависимостей модели составной пластины. Для решения задачи используется инструмент MS Excel «Поиск решения» Представлены результаты тестового проектного расчета применительно к конструкции крупнотоннажного контейнеровоз с контейнерной вместимостью 18 тыс. TEU. Сопоставление результатов проектирования с оригинальными расчетами фирмы – проектанта показали удовлетворительное соответствие. The transverse bulkheads of the large container vessels are complex structures that are commonly designed using the finite element method (FEM) verification methodology. To create a finite element model, it is necessary to know the dimensions of all structural elements of the bulkhead. Therefore, this approach to design is iterative, which leads to a high complexity of the design process. At the early stages of design, the dimensions of the structures of the transverse bulkheads of a container vessel can be quickly and accurately estimated based on the nonlinear programming technique, a relatively simple model of a composite (structural-orthotropic) plate, and the regulatory requirements of the Rules of Classification Societies. This approach is used in practice in Russia when designing double structures such as a double bottom or pontoon of a floating dock. The article proposes a solution to the problem of the transverse bulkhead web frames designing in application to a large-tonnage container vessel for loads of containers acting on the bulkhead when the vessel is moving on the waves. The bulkhead structure is reduced to the conditional "cofferdam" type model. The technique is used to reduce a composite "structurally-orthotropic" plate to an isotropic one with a slightly different aspect ratio, but with the same bending parameters. This allows applying the existing tabular data to determine the design bending moments and shear forces, which, after approximation, are represented as polynomial analytical dependencies. The statement the optimization-search problem of mathematical programming is shown. The goal function is the characteristic of the bulkhead's webs mass. The constraints of the problem are formed on the DNV-GL regulatory requirements and mathematical relationships of the composite plate model. MS Excel tool "Solver" is used to solve the problem. The results of a test calculation are presented as applied to a large-capacity container ship with container capacity of 18000 TEU. Comparison of the design results with the original calculations of the designer’s company showed satisfactory agreement.

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11

Thakran, Marshal, Meenakshi, Jitender Sharma, and Charles Gilbert Martin. "Design and topological optimization of rear pressure bulkhead for a typical aircraft." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 7 (August 12, 2021): 1213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2020-0097.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the model of a rear pressure bulkhead with different design optimizations to meet the pressurized cabin requirements of an aircraft. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the results of the static analysis of a dome-shaped rear pressure bulkhead model designed in Catia-v5. Numerical analysis of model meshed in hyper-mesh and solved using Opti-Struct for iterative design optimizations. Findings All the iterative models are analyzed at 9 Psi. Rear pressure bulkhead designed with L-section stringer shows better results than the model optimized with T-section stringer for the same thickness. The model optimized with L-shaped stinger also reduces the weight of the bulkhead without affecting the structural integrity. Practical implications It has been concluded in this paper that the selection of specific shapes of the stringers shows a significant influence on weight reduction. Originality/value This paper provides a topical, technical insight into the design and development of a rear pressure bulkhead. It also outlines the future development of dome-shaped rear pressure bulkhead.

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12

Li, Zhao Qian, Bo Hua Nan, Teng Feng He, and Guan Xiang Feng. "Study of Bonding Technology and Property of Foam-Sandwich Co-Bulkhead of Cryogenic Tank on Launch Vehicle." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.639.

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As an ideal layout scheme for launch vehicle, bearing co-bulkhead tank can improve the slenderness ratio of launch vehicle, reduce structure weight and increase structure efficiency. In this paper, a novel cryogenic tank co-bulkhead was fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Consisting of LD10 alloy and polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam-sandwich, the new cryogenic tank co-bulkhead was designed with variable-thickness, hemi-ellipsoid structure, thermal insulation and bearing function. Fundamental temperature distribution, thermal stress and low-temperature load sensitivity of the foam-sandwich co-bulkhead were also assessed by finite element analysis and environment tests in simulated service environment. The results showed that the analog values highly agreed with the test results, and thermal insulation and bearing function of the foam-sandwich co-bulkhead could satisfy the design requirement, which proved the reliability of bonding quality and feasibility of the bonding technique.

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13

Yan, Jin, and Juan Zhang. "Power Flow and Sound Radiation of a Submerged Cylindrical Shell with Internal Structural." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.321.

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The vibrational power flow in a submerged infinite cylindrical shell with internal rings and bulkheads are studied analytically. The harmonic motion of the shell and the pressure field in the fluid is described by Flügge shell theory and Helmholtz equation, respectively. The coupling condition on the outer surface of the shell wall is introduced to obtain the vibrational equation of this coupled system. Both four kinds of forces (moments) between rings and shell and between bulkheads and shell are considered. The solution is obtained in series form by expanding the system responses in terms of the space harmonics of the spacing of both ring stiffeners and bulkheads. The vibrational power flow and radiated sound power are obtained and the influences of various complicating effects such as the ring, bulkhead and fluid loading on the results are analyzed. The analytic model is close to engineering practice, which will be valuable to the application on noise and vibration control of submarines and underwater pipes.

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14

Hamzah, Hamzah, Ganding Sitepu, and Muhammad Hidayat Arif. "Analysis of Corrugated Bulkhead against Transverse Plane Bulkhead in a Tanker Ship." EPI International Journal of Engineering 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022018.05.

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15

Park, Woo Chang, and Chang Yong Song. "Meta-Models and Genetic Algorithm Application to Approximate Optimization with Discrete Variables for Fire Resistance Design of A60 Class Bulkhead Penetration Piece." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072972.

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A60 class bulkhead penetration piece is a fire-resistance apparatus installed on bulkhead compartments to protect lives and to prevent flame diffusion in case of fire accident in ships and offshore plants. In this study, approximate optimization with discrete variables was carried out for the fire-resistance design of an A60 class bulkhead penetration piece (A60 BPP) using various meta-models and multi-island genetic algorithms. Transient heat transfer analysis was carried out to evaluate the fire-resistance design of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece, and we verified the results of the analysis via a fire test. The design of the experiment’s method was applied to generate the meta-models to be used for the approximate optimization, and the verified results of the transient heat transfer analysis were integrated with the design of the experiment’s method. The meta-models used in the approximate optimization were response surface model, Kriging, and radial basis function-based neural network. In the approximate optimization, the bulkhead penetration piece length, diameter, material type, and insulation density were applied to discrete design variables, and constraints that were considered include temperature, productivity, and cost. The approximate optimum design problem based on the meta-model was formulated such that the discrete design variables were determined by minimizing the weight of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece subject to the limit values of constraints. In the context of approximate accuracy, the solution results from the approximate optimization were compared to actual analysis results. It was concluded that the radial basis function-based neural network, among the meta-models used in the approximate optimization, showed the most accurate optimum design results for the fire-resistance design of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece.

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16

Surojo, Eko, Raka Pungkas Aji, Triyono Triyono, Eko Prasetya Budiana, and Aditya Rio Prabowo. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of A36 Marine Steel Subjected to Underwater Wet Welding." Metals 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11070999.

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Underwater wet welding (UWW) is applied to repair basic offshore structures, underwater pipelines, water transportation, docks, and port equipment. The underwater wet welding method used in the current research was shield metal arc welding (SMAW), and this was conducted on an A36 steel plate. We investigated the effect of a water temperature of 10 ± 5 °C and different types of water flow (without flow, non-uniform flow with baffle bulkhead, and non-uniform flow without baffle bulkhead). The defects found on the specimen included spattering, irregular surfaces, porosity, and undercutting. A high cooling rate led to the formation of more acicular ferrite (AF) phases in the weld metal area than a slow cooling rate. The microstructure of the heat affected zone (HAZ) area led to the formation of finer and small grains. Values of tensile, impact, and hardness strength were greater with higher cooling rates. The highest tensile strength value was 585.09 MPa, and this occurred with non-uniform flow without a baffle bulkhead. The highest values of absorbed energy and impact strength were 41.9 J and 2.05 J/mm2, respectively, and these occurred with a non-uniform flow without a baffle bulkhead. The greatest hardness values were found with a non-uniform flow without a baffle bulkhead in the weld metal area.

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17

Zhang, Shi Liang, and Jin Yan. "Dynamical Characteristic Analysis of a Fluid-Loaded Cylindrical Shell with Structural Discontinuities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.474.

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By using space-harmonic analysis method, the characteristics of vibrational power flow and sound radiation of an infinite submerged cylindrical shell with internal rings and bulkheads are studied analytically. The harmonic motion of the shell and the pressure field in the fluid are described by Flügge shell equations and Helmholtz equation, respectively. The coupling condition on the outer surface of the shell wall is introduced to obtain the vibrational equation of this coupled system. Both four kinds of forces (moments) between rings and shell and between bulkheads and shell are considered. The solution is obtained in series form by expanding the system responses in terms of the space harmonics of the spacings of both ring stiffeners and bulkheads. The vibrational power flow and radiated sound power are obtained and the influences of various complicating effects such as the ring, bulkhead and fluid loading on the results are analyzed. The analytic model is close to engineering practice, which will give some guidelines for noise reduction of this kind structure.

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18

Manukhin, Vadim. "Strength and stiffness calculations of bottom grillages with dead rises and selection of dock struts for transverse bulkheads." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre, SPECIAL ISSUE 1 (April 16, 2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-1-s-i-67-75.

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This paper explains how to calculate the correction factor for keel inertia moment due to the dead rise of grillage and how to consider bulkhead plating in calculation of dock strut response to keel cribbing. The solutions described in this study are different from the commonly used ones. New formulas have been obtained for taking into account inertia moment of grillages with dead rise, as well as for calculation of Euler stresses in dock struts, and their design algorithm has also been updated. The results offer more accurate calculations of grillages with dead rises and more accurate design of transverse bulkheads in terms of conventional beam models and methods of structural mechanics.

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Sumarjianto, Gatut Rubiono, and Ikhwanul Qiram. "Pengaruh Jumlah Sekat Aliran Lapisan Pengisi Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Menara Pendingin (Cooling Tower)." V-MAC (Virtual of Mechanical Engineering Article) 5, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/v-mac.v5i1.1024.

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The cooling tower has a working principle for cool the water fluid forcibly using a fan or blower. This Research aims to determine the effect of the number of filler bulkheads and the angle of openingvalve to the cooling tower work efficiency. This research uses type induced draft cooling tower with flow opposite the tool size laboratory scale. Research variables include 3 variations in the number of bulkheads (2 bulkheads, 3 bulkhead and 4 bulkheads) and 3 variations of valve opening angles (30, 45 and 60). Result measurements in the form of water discharge data, water temperature data, air temperature data, temperature data environment (Twb) and temperature difference data. Water discharge data is measured with a flow meter and stop watch. Temperature data measured with a Digital Thermometer. Data were collected 5 times repetition of each data. The measurement results are taken the average value for measures the discharge, temperature, heat transfer rate and efficiency of the cooling tower. The results showed that the number of bulkheads and the angle of the opening valve has an effect on the working efficiency of Cooling Tower which is getting more the greater the number of bulkheads the greater the cooling tower work efficiency and vice versa but the greater the valve opening angle the smaller the cooling tower efficiency.The maximum efficiency obtained from this study is at the number of bulkheads 4 and the valve opening angle of 30 with a Cooling Tower efficiency value of 78.40%.

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20

KUŽMA, Ladislav, Dalibor KUŽMA, and Žaneta MIŽENKOVÁ. "HELICOPTER UAV FUSELAGE BULKHEAD MODELLING." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 93 (December 1, 2016): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2016.93.8.

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21

Rieke, Ross D., John C. Crowser, and W. L. Schroeder. "Bulkhead Failure Investigation and Redesign." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 114, no. 10 (October 1988): 1110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1988)114:10(1110).

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22

Feygin, Vitaly. "Flexible Seawalls: Modified Bulkhead Approach." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 17, no. 2 (May 2012): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000103.

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23

Flizikowski, Józef, Weronika Kruszelnicka, Mirosław Michałowski, Grzegorz Szala, and Andrzej Tomporowski. "Bulkhead Door – Critical Evacuation States." Polish Maritime Research 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0008.

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Abstract The article is a preliminary to a modification concept of the sliding watertight bulkhead door used on ships and vessels. Hydraulic or electro-hydraulic drives used to move these doors require complicated and extended pressure installations with large amounts of hydraulic fluid. Well-known operational drawbacks of these installations include high level of noise and possibility of various leaks in the hydraulic system. Being the first in a series, the present article describes and analyses critical states which can take place during evacuation of people through openings in the watertight bulkhead doors on seagoing ships and vessels.

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24

IKUYAMA, Tohru, Kouji FUKAI, and Koichi HIRAOKA. "Development of composite pressure bulkhead." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 37, no. 426 (1989): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.37.321.

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25

Chebotarev, O. N., R. M. �rlikh, and Ya N. Fel'dman. "Improvement of bulkhead-type structures." Hydrotechnical Construction 23, no. 3 (March 1989): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01427766.

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26

Nurzyński, Jacek. "Sound insulation of bulkhead panels." Applied Acoustics 179 (August 2021): 108061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108061.

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Jiang, Yichen, Chenlu He, Peidong Zhao, and Tiezhi Sun. "Investigation of Blade Tip Shape for Improving VAWT Performance." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (March 22, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030225.

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Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is a competitive power generation device due to structural simplicity, wind direction independence, no yaw mechanism required, easier maintenance, and lower noise emission. However, blade tip vortex will be generated at both ends of the blade during the rotation, resulting in torque loss and efficiency reduction. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics is used to study blade tip vortex and its reduction technique of a single-blade VAWT rotor in real scale. By monitoring the force and flow field at different heights of the blade, the influence ranges of tip vortex are obtained. The reduction effect of the bulkhead obtained from the blade profile curve is studied, and the size of the bulkhead is optimized. On the basis of adding the optimal bulkhead, the influence of the supporting strut is also explored. The joint action is obtained by changing the location of the supporting strut. The results show that the top supporting strut-bulkhead structure is the optimal position. The power-extraction efficiency of the rotor with this integrated structure is significantly improved at optimal tip speed ratios (TSRs) and higher TSRs.

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Jia, Senqing, Fusheng Wang, Lingjun Yu, Zheng Wei, and Bin Xu. "Numerical study on the impact response of aircraft fuselage structures subjected to large-size tire fragment." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 003685041987774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419877744.

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By applying finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, finite element models of front bulkhead and main cabin are established, which aims to assess the dynamic response of fuselage structures impacted by tire fragment under bursting mode. Besides, dynamic characteristics of the two fuselage structures impacted by tire fragment are simulated and critical damage velocities of each working condition are obtained. The results show that composite front bulkhead cannot bear the impact load of front tire fragment at the velocity of 100 m/s, but aluminum alloy front bulkhead can. Main cabin with two properties both can bear the impact loads of front and main tire fragments. When impacted by front tire fragment, critical damage velocity of front bulkhead is approximately half of that of main cabin, while critical damage velocity of aluminum alloy fuselage is larger than that of composite fuselage. However, when impacted by main tire fragment, critical damage velocity of aluminum alloy main cabin is less than that of composite main cabin. Furthermore, maximum contact pressure of composite fuselage is 3–3.3 times than that of aluminum alloy fuselage. The difference in concave deformation is not significant when impacted by front tire fragment, but the difference is great when impacted by main tire fragment.

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Seitz, Rochelle D., Kathleen E. Knick, Theresa M. Davenport, and Gabrielle G. Saluta. "Human Influence at the Coast: Upland and Shoreline Stressors Affect Coastal Macrofauna and Are Mediated by Salinity." Estuaries and Coasts 41, S1 (November 20, 2017): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0347-6.

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Abstract Anthropogenic stressors can affect subtidal communities within the land-water interface. Increasing anthropogenic activities, including upland and shoreline development, threaten ecologically important species in these habitats. In this study, we examined the consequences of anthropogenic stressors on benthic macrofaunal communities in 14 subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay. We investigated how subestuary upland use (forested, agricultural, developed land) and shoreline development (riprap and bulkhead compared to marsh and beach) affected density, biomass, and diversity of benthic infauna. Upland and shoreline development were parameters included in the most plausible models among a candidate set compared using corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion. For benthic macrofauna, density tended to be lower in subestuaries with developed or mixed compared to forested or agricultural upland use. Benthic biomass was significantly lower in subestuaries with developed compared to forested upland use, and biomass declined exponentially with proportion of near-shore developed land. Benthic density did not differ significantly among natural marsh, beach, and riprap habitats, but tended to be lower adjacent to bulkhead shorelines. Including all subestuaries, there were no differences in diversity by shoreline type. In low salinities, benthic Shannon (H′) diversity tended to be higher adjacent to natural marshes compared to the other habitats, and lower adjacent to bulkheads, but the pattern was reversed in high salinities. Sediment characteristics varied by shoreline type and contributed to differences in benthic community structure. Given the changes in the infaunal community with anthropogenic stressors, subestuary upland and shoreline development should be minimized to increase benthic production and subsequent trophic transfer within the food web.

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CHINDA, Mizuki, Shuichi SAKAMOTO, and Shota ABE. "Study of Silencer for Bulkhead Aperture." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2018.55 (2018): H021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2018.55.h021.

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31

Li, Ke Cheng, Zhan Jun Wu, Min Jing Liu, Xin Sheng Xu, and Wang Xu. "An Application of Reinforced Polyurethane Foam in Design of the Common Bulkhead for Cryogenic Tanks." Materials Science Forum 975 (January 2020): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.975.182.

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By using the material of reinforced polyurethane (RPU) foam, the common bulkhead is devised for cryogenic tanks in this paper. Properties of RPU foam are obtained through experiments. Based on the properties, the structure is designed with the integration of special features including lightweight, easy to manufacture, load bearing and thermal insulation. Based on numerical simulation, thermal analysis, stability and thermal mechanical coupling behavior of the structure are analysed. The results show that the common bulkhead not only satisfies the heat insulation requirements of cryogenic tanks for liquid hydrogen and oxygen, but also keeps stability.

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32

ONUMA, Ryu, Masahiro WATANABE, and Hideaki TANAKA. "3719 Suppression of sloshing in a vessel by a bulkhead : Effect of bulkhead stiffness on sloshing suppression." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.7 (2006): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.7.0_65.

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33

Zheng, Zhiwei, Feng Li, Xiuchang Huang, Zhiwei Su, and Hongxing Hua. "Low frequency vibration suppression of a moderate thick cabin structure by multiple piezoelectric patches shunted with RL-double negative capacitance circuits." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 1299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1807.

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Multiple piezoelectric patches shunted with RL-double negative capacitances circuits, which are bonded on the bulkhead, are proposed to control the resonant response of multiple low frequency modes of a moderate thick cabin structure. Dynamic modeling of the electromechanical coupling system of the cabin structure and the piezoelectric shunt circuit is established by employing the three-dimensional finite element. Optimum tuning strategy is based on the trial and error method. It is shown that the proposed approach is effective in enhancing the generalized electromechanical coupling coefficient and controlling the low frequency modes that exhibits coupled deformation of the bulkhead and cabin structure.

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34

Apicella, A., Enrico Armentani, Renato Esposito, and Michele Pirozzi. "Finite Element Analysis of a Composite Bulkhead Structure." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.553.

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Reducing structural weight is one of the major ways to improve aircraft performance. Lighter and/or stronger materials allow greater range and speed and may also contribute to reducing operational costs. Nowadays composite materials are widely used in “primary” structural components such as fuselage, for which contrasting requirements like lightness and structural strength are required, so particular attention is necessary during its design. In this paper a composite front bulkhead, subjected to ultimate pressure load, was examined. The front bulkhead is made of a composite skin, stiffened with seven vertical stiffeners linked through metallic fittings; the whole system is joined to the fuselage by rivets. A Finite Element model was established: the used elements were four nodes shells, simulating composite layers, and two nodes bar elements, simulating rivets; the structure was clamped and a pressure load was applied to the skin. A linear static stress analysis was performed to calculate strains in particular points in which strain gauges or rosettes are placed: the numerical results, compared with experimental ones, show a good degree of correlation. Stress calculations were performed in order to verify the front and rear bulkhead structural safety.

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35

NAKAYAMA, Tanekiyo. "Development of Embedded Steel Cellular Bulkhead System." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 361 (1985): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1985.361_116.

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36

Garg, Vijay K., Yun Lung Wang, and Kuang-han Chu. "Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car." Vehicle System Dynamics 15, no. 2 (January 1986): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423118608968844.

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37

Schroeder, W. L. "Wharf Bulkhead Behavior at Fulton Terminal 6." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 113, no. 6 (June 1987): 600–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1987)113:6(600).

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38

Allen, Albert, and Mark Moeller. "Vibroacoustic characterization of a commercial airliner bulkhead." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (March 2010): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3384519.

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39

Basma, Adnan A. "Safety and reliability of anchored bulkhead walls." Structural Safety 10, no. 4 (September 1991): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(91)90035-8.

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40

Gravit, Marina, Valeria Denisenko, and Anzhelika Borisova. "Fire retardant device for pipeline and cable duct." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302020.

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The present article reviews different patented devices of heat-fire protection system of pipeline and cable duct of bulkhead having used fibrous and retardant intumescent materials. Their structures and fillers are considered, benefits and drawbacks are defined. The improved design for duct of bulkhead is offered. It is characterized by advanced equipment reliability, technological and fire retardance effectiveness. It is specially noted that breakthrough fire-fighting technology is introduced in the new device. It implies the usage of fire retardant material, providing with thixotropic properties or high viscosity. In proof of the device efficiency the article reviews the experiment conducted on the model of a fire-retardant device.

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41

Wang, Chia-Nan, Ming-Hsien Hsueh, Chao-Jung Lai, Chen-Fa Wang, and Shi-Hao Wang. "Improvement of the Welding Process for Fillet Air Test for the Biggest Taiwan Shipyard." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010080.

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During ship block construction, watertight bulkheads weld of every cabin of ships need to undergo stress testing according to the tanks’ test plan. Every incomplete bulkhead cannot be sprayed in order to protect them after sandblasting; this seriously affects the process of construction. Therefore, the issue of this study is to maintain the integrity of the painting quality and reduce the destruction of the paint, ship-building personnel seek how best to complete the block operation. The aim of this project is to improve the recent watertight bulkheads fillet air test operations in the construction stage using TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving), promote the ground painting session integrity of every ship, improve the tanks’ test plan in the dock, and reduce the time spent on dismantling operations and the painting operation. Through the TRIZ, this study proposed lots of improvements, some of which are: the watertight cabins can finish the tanks test plan completely, and the integrity of the ground painting can be promoted to reduce the range of cabin test in the dock and reduce watertight bulkheads’ dismantling time. Moreover, because of the considerate reduction of the destruction of the coating, the painting operation is of good quality. The results demonstrate that the TRIZ successfully controls the production quality during construction, reduces working time, and promotes full efficiency. This study saved more than US$1 million of the outsourcing fee.

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42

Nho, In Sik, Man-Jae Park, and Yun Sik Cho. "Preliminary Structural Design of Blast Hardened Bulkhead (The 2nd Report : Scantling Formula for Curtain Plate Type Blast Hardened Bulkhead)." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 55, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2018.55.5.379.

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43

Kang, Wonkyu, and Seung-gyo Jang. "Study on Aging Characteristics of Thru-Bulkhead Initiator." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2020.24.2.043.

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44

Bellezi, Cezar Augusto, Liang-Yee Cheng, Tetsuo Okada, and Makoto Arai. "Optimized perforated bulkhead for sloshing mitigation and control." Ocean Engineering 187 (September 2019): 106171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106171.

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45

Galletly, G. D., and J. Blachut. "Elastic Buckling of Internally Pressurized Cylinder—Bulkhead Combinations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 201, no. 4 (July 1987): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_118_02.

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The shell structures considered in this note are unstiffened spherical caps attached to unstiffened cylindrical shells by means of circumferential stiffening rings. The loading is uniform internal pressure and the object of the analysis is to determine if elastic bifurcation buckling can occur and, if so, where the buckles will be located. The BOSOR 5 shell buckling program was used in the analysis and several stiffener geometries were investigated. The present results show that elastic buckling can occur in the cylindrical portion of some cylinder—bulkhead combinations. If the structure is subjected to repeated loading, then the formation and disappearance of the elastic buckles could contribute to the initiation of fatigue cracks. Designers should, therefore, be aware of this possible elastic buckling mode. As some of the geometries investigated in the present note are not unlike some commercial aircraft configurations, the present results may be relevant to them also (even though those structures are stiffened).

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Warwick, Braden T., Chris K. Mechefske, and Il Yong Kim. "Topology optimization of a pre-stiffened aircraft bulkhead." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 60, no. 4 (May 6, 2019): 1667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02284-w.

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47

Bagdy, I., and P. Sulyok. "Case example on acid-resistent bulkhead in Hungary." International Journal of Mine Water 9, no. 1-4 (March 1990): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02503686.

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48

SATO, Shigeru, Masahiro TAKENOBU, Eiji KOHAMA, and Osamu KIYOMIYA. "STUDY ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL CELLULAR-BULKHEAD." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering ^|^ Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) 70, no. 2 (2014): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.70.190.

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49

Yang, Chulho. "A Sensitivity Analysis of the Bulkhead Thread Stress." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2021.29.1.057.

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50

Tang, Zhi Tao, Zhan Qiang Liu, and Xing Ai. "Optimization of Bulkhead Processing Sequence for Multi-Frame Monolithic Components by FEM." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.355.

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When machining aerospace monolithic components, most of materials could be removed, resulting in severe deformation of the parts due to the release and redistribution of the blank’s original residual stress, together with the action of cutting loads and clamping force. A finite element model (FEM) is built for predicting the deformation caused by those factors mentioned above. In this model, some key techniques such as material properties, initial residual stress model, and application of dynamic cutting loads and transformation of boundary condition are discussed in details. The proposed model predicts the machining deformation for multi-frame monolithic components. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the bulkhead processing sequence on part deformation. At last the paper puts forwards optimal bulkhead processing sequence based on minimizing the machining deformation.

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