Academic literature on the topic 'Bulletin INSITA'

Sharpshooter is a term commonly used to describe a group of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There have been several explanations for the use of this term. Riley and Howard (1893) first used 'sharpshooter' to describe the feeding damage of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), on cotton. This damage was caused by the piercing-sucking mouthparts of H. coagulata that appeared to be caused by a 'minute bullet.' They also reported 'rapid and forcible ejection of minute drops of fluid' as another explanation for the use of this term. The term sharpshooter is also attributed to the hiding behavior of these insects when alarmed. Disturbed sharpshooters will slip quickly behind branches and stems to avoid predators, an action not unlike the behavior of army sharpshooter riflemen who would hide behind the trunks of trees to avoid detection by the opposition as they passed by their position. This document is EENY-334 , one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: October 2004. EENY-334/IN611: Sharpshooters, Leafhoppers, Cicadellidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) (ufl.edu)

El presente artículo tiene como objeto evidenciar que las comunidades y organizaciones sociales afectadas de forma severa y aguda por el conflicto armado y la violencia que estos ejercen, no solo se mueven al son de las balas; sino que éstas también adoptan posiciones que van más allá de la resistencia y la pasividad. En este orden, se quiere exponer cómo un caso concreto, las comunidades rurales de Tumaco, evidencian que la guerra también tiene legados “positivos” sobre las organizaciones sociales, que abarcan desde una amplia capacidad de negociación así como de adaptación a las normas y controles que ejercen los grupos armados. Esta experiencia deja en evidencia dos cuestiones de suma importancia para la actual coyuntura nacional: (1) que la guerra, fuera de todos los llamados legados negativos remarcados por los estudios especializados (tales como la anomia, desarticulación, desconfianza, etc.),se hacen presentes también unos legados asociados a una mayor capacidad de negociación e independencia de los pobladores y sus organizaciones frente a los actores armados luego de ciclos violentos; (2) y que la forma de relacionarse los actores armados con los pobladores locales depende no solo de sus políticas internas, sino también de la población presente y sus formas de apropiación territorial. En este sentido, este artículo es una hoja de ruta para remarcar la necesidad de que la llamada paz territorial debe incluir en ella la idea de transiciones diferenciados de acuerdo al carácter el grupo armado, así como la población inserta en el territorio.Palabras Clave: Conflicto armado, Pacífico nariñense, Organizaciones sociales y comunitarias, Economía cocalera posconflicto ABSTRACTTHE FARC AND THE COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS IN SAN ANDRÉS DE TUMACO: TERRITORIAL CHALLENGES BEFORE AN EVENTUAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENTS OF HAVANAThe purpose of this article is to show that communities and social organizations that are severely and acutely affected by the armed conflict and the violence they carry out, not only move to the sound of bullets, But also adopt positions that go beyond resistance and passivity. In this order, we want to show how a specific case, the rural communities of Tumaco, show that war also has “positive” legacies on social organizations, ranging from a broad capacity for negotiation as well as adaptation to norms and controls Exercised by armed groups. This experience highlights two issues of great importance for the current national situation: (1) that war, apart from all the so-called negative legacies highlighted by specialized studies (such as anomie, disarticulation, mistrust, etc.), Also present legacies associated with a greater capacity for negotiation and independence of the villagers and their organizations vis-à-vis the armed actors after violent cycles; (2) and that the way armed actors relate to local people depends not only on their internal policies, but also on the present population and its forms of territorial appropriation. In this sense, this article is a road map to highlight the need for the so-called territorial peace to include in it the idea of differentiated transitions according to the character of the armed group, as well as the population inserted in the territory.Key words: Armed conflict, Nariño Pacific, Social and community organizations, Post-conflict cocaine economy

I examined variation in community structure, species richness, biomass and abundance of Coprini dung beetles from 45 trapping sites in meadows, 35-year-old secondary forests and primary forests in tropical, high-elevation karst ecosystems of Puluong Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa Province. My main aim was to explore community response to the influence of land use change. By comparing the structure and community attributes of the beetles between 35-year-old secondary forests and primary forests, I expected to give indications on the conservation value of the old secondary forests for beetle conservation. Community structure significantly differed among land-use types. Species richness, abundance and biomass were significantly higher in forest habitats than in meadows. The cover of ground vegetation, soil clay content and tree diameter are important factors structuring Coprini communities in karst ecosystems of Pu Luong. The secondary forests, after 35 years of regrowth showed similarities in species richness, abundance and biomass to primary forests. This gives hope for the recovery of Coprini communities during forest succession. Keywords: Coprini, dung beetles, karst ecosystems, land use change, Pu Luong. References: [1] I. Hanski, Y. Cambefort, Dung beetle ecology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1991.[2] C.H. Scholtz, A.L.V. Davis, U. Kryger, Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles, Pensoft Publisher, Bulgaria, 2009.[3] E. Nichols, S. Spector, J. Louzada, T. Larsen, S. Amezquita, M.E. Favila et al., Ecological functions and ecosystem services provided by Scarabaeinae dung beetles, Biol. Conserv. 141 (2008) 1461-1474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.011.[4] H.K. Gibbsa, A.S. Rueschb, F. Achardc, M.K. Claytond, P. Holmgrene, N. Ramankuttyf, J.A. Foleyg, Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 (2010) 16732-16737. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910275107.[5] L.D. Audino, J. Louzada, L. Comita, Dung beetles as indicators of tropical forest restoration success: is it possible to recover species and functional diversity? Biol. Conserv. 169 (2014) 248-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.023.[6] W. Beiroz, E.M. Slade, J. Barlow, J.M. Silveira, J. Louzada, E. Sayer, Dung beetle community dynamics in undisturbed tropical forests: implications for ecological evaluations of land-use change, Insect Conservation and Diversity 10 (2017) 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12206.[7] S. Boonrotpong, S. Sotthibandhu, C. Pholpunthin, Species composition of dung beetles in the primary and secondary forests at Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, ScienceAsia 30 (2004) 59-65. https: // doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2004.30.059.[8] S. Boonrotpong, S. Sotthibandhu, C. Satasook, Species turnover and diel flight activity of species of dung beetles, Onthophagus, in the tropical lowland forest of peninsular Thailand, Journal of Insect Science 12 (77) (2012). https://doi.org/10. 1673/031.012.7701.[9] A.J. Davis, J.D. Holloway, H. Huijbregts, J. Krikken, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs, S.L. Sutton, Dung beetles as indicators of change in the forests of northern Borneo, Journal of Applied Ecology 38 (2001) 593-616. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00619.x.[10] K. Frank, M. Hülsmann, T. Assmann, T. Schmitt, N. Blüthgen, Land use affects dung beetle communities and their ecosystem service in forests and grasslands, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 243 (2017) 114-122.[11] T.A. Gardner, M.I.M. Hernández, J. Barlow, C.A. Peres, Understanding the biodiversity consequences of habitat change: the value of secondary and plantation forests for neotropical dung beetles, Journal of Applied Ecology 45 (2008) 883-893. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664. 2008.01454.x.[12] L. Hayes, D.J. Mann, A.L. Monastyrskii, O.T. Lewis, Rapid assessments of tropical dung beetle and butterfly assemblages: contrasting trends along a forest disturbance gradient, Insect Conservation and Diversity 2 (2009) 194-203. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2009.00058.x.[13] I. Quintero, T. Roslin, Rapid recovery of dung beetle communities following habitat fragmentation in central Amazonia, Ecology 12 (2005) 3303-3311. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1960.[14] Shahabuddin, C.H. Schulze, T. Tscharntke, Changes of dung beetle communities from rainforests towards agroforestry systems and annual cultures in Sulawesi (Indonesia), Biodiversity and Conservation 14 (2005) 863-877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-0654-7.[15] K. Vulinec, Dung beetle communities and seed dispersal in primary forest and disturbed land in Amazonia, Biotropica 34 (2002) 297-309. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00541.x.[16] K. Vulinec, J.E. Lambert, D.J. Mellow, Primate and dung beetle communities in secondary growth rain forests: implications for conservation of seed dispersal systems, International Journal of Primatology 27 (2006) 855-879. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10764-006-9027-2.[17] E. Nichols, T. Larsen, S. Spector, A.L. Davis, F. Escobar, M. Favila, K. Vulinec, Global dung beetle response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation: a quantitative literature review and meta-analysis, Biological Conservation 137 (2007) 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.01.023.[18] R. Clements, N.S. Sodhi, M. Schilthuizen, K.L.Ng. Peter, Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia: imperiled arks of biodiversity, BioScience 56 (2006) 733-742. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[733:LKOSAI]2.0.CO;2.[19] M. Schilthuizen, T.S. Liew, B.B. Elahan, I. Lackman-Ancrenaz, Effects of karst forest degradation on pulmonate and prosobranch land snail communities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, Conservation Biology 19 (2005) 949-954. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00209.x.[20] C. Costa, V.H.F. Oliveira, R. Maciel, W. Beiroz, V. Korasaki, J. Louzada, Variegated tropical landscapes conserve diverse dung beetle communities, PeerJ 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10. 7717/peerj.3125.[21] R.P. Salomão, D. González-Tokmana, W. Dáttilo, J.C. López-Acosta, M.E. Favila, Landscape structure and composition define the body condition of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a fragmented tropical rainforest, Ecol. Indic. 88 (2018) 144-151. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.033.[22] R.C. Campos, M.I.M. Hernández, Dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic forest fragments in southern Brazil, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57 (2013) 47-54.[23] E. Nichols, Fear begets function in the ‘brown’ world of detrital food webs, Journal of Animal Ecology 82(4) (2013) 717-720. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1365-2656.12099.[24] Tixier, J.M.G. Bloor, J.-P. Lumaret, Species-specific effects of dung beetle abundance on dung removal and leaf litter decomposition, Acta Oecologica 69 (2015) 31-34. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.actao.2015.08.003.[25] P.M. Farias, L. Arellano, M.I.M. Hernández, S.L. Ortiz, Response of the copro- necrophagous beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) assemblage to a range of soil characteristics and livestock management in a tropical landscape, Journal of Insect Conservation 19 (2015) 947-960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s 108 41-015-9812-3.[26] D.C. Osberg, B.M. Doube, S.A. Hanrahan, Habitat specificity in African dung beetles: the effect of soil type on the survival ofdung beetle immatures (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Tropical Zoology 7 (1994) 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975. 1994.10539236.[27] E. Andresen, S. Laurance, Possible indirect effects of mammal hunting on dung beetle assemblages in Panama, Biotropica 39 (2006) 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00239.x.[28] H. Enari, S. Koike, H. Sakamaki, Influences of different large mammalian fauna on dung beetle diversity in beech forests, Journal of Insect Science 13(54)(2013).https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013. 5401.[29] A. Estrada, D.A. Anzuras, R. Coastes-Estrada, Tropical forest fragmentation, howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, American Journal of Primatology 48 (1999) 353-362.[30] C.A. Harvey, J. Gonzalez, E. Somarriba, Dung beetle and terrestrial mammal diversity in forests, indigenous agroforestry systems and plantain monocultures in Talamanca, Costa Rica, Biodiversity and Conservation 15 (2006) 555-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2088-2.[31] K.V. Nguyễn, T.H. Nguyễn, K.L. Phan, T.H. Nguyễn, Bản đồ sinh khí hậu Việt Nam, Nhà xuất bản Đại học Quốc gia, Hà Nội, 2000.[32] E.J. Sterling, M.M. Hurley, M.D. Le, Vietnam–a natural history, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2006.[33] T. Do, Characteristics of karst ecosystems of Vietnam and their vulnerability to human impact, Acta Geologica Sinica 75 (2001) 325-329.[34] V.T. Thái, Thảm thực vật rừng Việt Nam, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 1978. [35] P.G.d. Silva, M.I.M. Hernández, Spatial patterns of movement of dung beetle species in a tropical forest suggest a new trap spacing for dung beetle biodiversity studies. PloS ONE 10 (5) (e0126112) (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126112.[36] V.B. Bui, K. Dumack, M. Bonkowski, Two new species and one new record for the genus Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Vietnam with a key to Vietnamese species, European Journal of Entomology 115 (2018) 167-191. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2018.016.[37] V.B. Bui, M. Bonkowski, Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and new data on the poorly known species Synapsis horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Vietnam with a key to Vietnamese species. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (2018) 407-418. https://doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032.[38] O.N. Kabakov, A. Napolov, Fauna and ecology of Lamellicornia of subfamily Scarabaeinae of Vietnam and some parts of adjacent countries: South China, Laos, and Thailand, Latvijas Entomologs 37 (1999) 58-96.[39] J.E. Brower, J.H. Zar, C.N. Von-Ende, Field and laboratory methods for general ecology, 4th ed. Boston, WCB. McGraw-Hill, 1998.[40] R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed 15 May 2017).[41] J. Oksanen, F.G. Blanchet, M. Friendly, R. Kindt, P. Legendre, D. McGlinn et al., Vegan: Community Ecology Package, R package version 2.4–5 (2017). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan.[42] R. Clements, P.K.L. Nga, X.X. Lub, S. Ambu, M. Schilthuizen, C.J.A. Bradshaw, Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts, Biological Conservation 141 (2751e2764) (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.011.[43] P.K.L. Ng, D. Guinot, T.M. Iliffe, Revision of the anchialine varunine crabs of the genus Orcovita Ng & Tomascik, 1994 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae), with descriptions of four new species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 44 (1996) 109-134.[44] P.K.L. Ng, Cancrocaeca xenomorpha, new genus and species, a blind troglobitic freshwater hymenosomatid (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Sulawesi, Indonesia, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 39 (1991) 59-73.[45] V. Balthasar, Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der Palaearktischen und Orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 1. Allgemeiner Teil, Systematischer Teil: 1. Scarabaeinae, 2. Coprinae (Pinotini, Coprini). Verlag der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prag, 1963.[46] Y. Hanboonsong, K. Masumoto, T. Ochi, Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) of Thailand. Part 5. Genera Copris and Microcopris (Coprini), Elytra 31 (2003) 103-124.[47] D. Král, J. Rejsek, Synapsis naxiorum sp. n. from Yunnan (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 64 (2000) 267-270.[48] D. Král, Distribution and taxonomy of some Synapsis species, with description of S. strnadi sp. n. from Vietnam (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 66 (2002) 279-289.[49] T. Ochi, M. Kon, Notes on the coprophagous scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) from Southeast Asia (IV). A new horned species of Microcopris from Vietnam and a new subspecies of Copris erratus from Peleng off Sulawesi, Kogane 5 (2004) 25-30.[50] T. Ochi, M. Kon, H.T. Pham, Five new taxa of Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Vietnam and Laos, Giornale Italiano di Entomologia 15 (64) (2019) 435-446.[51] T. Ochi, M. Kon, H.T. Pham, Two new species of Copris (Copris) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and a new subspecies of Phelotrupes (Sinogeotrupes) strnadi Král, Malý & Schneider (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from Vietnam, Giornale Italiano di Entomologia 15 (63) (2018) 159-168.[52] J. Zídek, S. Pokorný, Review of Synapsis Bates (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini), with description of a new species, Insecta Mundi 142 (2010) 1-21.[53] H.F. Howden, V.G. Nealis, Observations on height of perching in some tropical dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), Biotropica 10 (1978) 43-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4598.2009.00058.x.[54] T.H. Larsen, A. Lopera, A. Forsyth, Understanding trait-dependent community disassembly: Dung beetles, density functions, and forest fragmentation, Conservation Biology 22 (2008) 1288-1298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00969.x.[55] S.B. Peck, A. Forsyth, Composition, structure, and competitive behaviour in a guild of Ecuadorian rain forest dung beetles (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae), Canadian Journal of Zoology 60(7) (1982) 1624-1634. https://doi.org/10.1139/z82-213.

The diploma thesis "Czechoslovak insite art" deals with the topic of the historical and theoretical development of insite art in Czechoslovakia. In the theoretical part attention is paid to the development of the theory and terminology of insite art and its relation to other kinds of art. To provide the richer and highly complex description the thesis also reflects on the historical development in the world and the history of insite art in Czechoslovakia too. The main part of the diploma thesis focuses on two projects of Slovak National Gallery. The first project is an international exhibition "Trienále insitného umenia" which took place three times between 1966 and 1972 in Bratislava. The second project which the organizers of the exhibition made was publishing of "Buletin INSITA" which has become an crucial source of information for this diploma thesis. The next part of the diploma thesis consists of interviews with Katarína Čierna, an art theorist, and with Pavel Konečný, an art collector. The interviews were made by methodology based on oral history which completes and supplements information from literature, archival sources and contemporary press. Keywords: insite art, Trienále insitného umenia, Bulletin INSITA, Štefan Tkáč, naive art, Czechoslovakia, Bratislava, Insitafilm

A qualitative investigation into language education students' use of computer-mediated communication, this study reveals how the diversity, support and resources constructed through students on-line dialogue served to scaffold students' language and content learning. The study focuses on student interaction on an asynchronous bulletin board used as an adjunct to a graduate seminar. The radicals of persistent conversation (Bregman & Haythornthwaite, 2001) interacted with elements of the seminar design to facilitate non-native speakers' entry into the dialogue, while simultaneously affording all students with opportunities for exercising agency in their own learning. Relationships between native and nonnative speakers of English were altered by nonnative speakers' ability to communicate their competence, and participants developed a strong identity as a community. Diversity and community evolved as valuable contributors to individual learning.

W hen Saddam Hussein infamously proclaimed that the word and the bullet came from the same barrel, he created an embattled cultural space which would persist because of, and in spite of, his dominance of Iraqi politics for almost twenty-five years. This book is not an analysis of the status of women in Iraq under Saddam Hussein; nor is it exclusively about Iraqi women writers inside or outside the country, or about constructions of gender and gender identity. Instead the focus of the book is, to use the words of Abir Hamdar, on the ‘ongoing struggle for symbolic power in the Arab world’....

Cancer is caused by an uncontrolled cell division, forming a tumor capable of metastasis. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments kill healthy cells, causing side effects. Recently, nanomaterials are explored due to properties such as as- nano-size, high loading, and ligands’ attachment for a selective delivery. Apart from normal body cells, cancer cells express many receptors in excess, which serve as ‘targets’ for attacking the cells. Various ligands like proteins, peptides, polysaccharides can be attached to nanoparticles to allow proper and specific reach to the tumor. Such nanoparticles go to their desired site and stick onto the receptors, taken inside the cells by various methods. Antibodies are natural proteins that bind to foreign substances and remove them. IgG being the most explored antibody, suffers from many disadvantages such as non-specificity for required antigen, limited binding sites, low tumor penetration. Hence many researchers experimented by removing and adjusting the binding sites, using only the binding sites, enhancing the valency of naturally available IgG. It gave many benefits such as enhanced penetration, reduced immunogenicity, better delivery of drugs with fewer side effects. Continuing advancements in the field of protein engineering will help scientists to come up with better solutions. The properties allow easy surface interaction and entry, achieve better biodistribution, and reduce the amount of drug required. Targeting is based on Paul Ehrlich’s ‘magic bullet, ‘where the therapeutic moiety has two parts-one to identify the target and the second to eliminate it. This concept is revised to incorporate a third component, a carrier. Many nanocarriers can be used to target cancer cells containing ligands to identify malignant cells. Approaches to targeting are passive, active and physical targeting. Many such nanoparticles are in clinical trials and can be a better solution to cancer therapy.

Digital technologies are closing spatial and temporal gaps while engendering expansive new international communities. Replete with symbolic interactions, these transgeographic communities inspire new realms of educational possibility, allowing educators and learners to broaden perspectives through intellectual discourse and collaboration while eradicating cultural divides. The Summer Ecosystems Experience for Undergraduates (SEE-U) is a superior model of how such technology can be used to this end. Available to colleges and university students worldwide, the SEE-U program operates at three geographically distinct locations concurrently. The program includes global networking, GPS and GIS usage, real-time interactions, data collection, a globally networked geo-referenced digital database that was specifically created for this project, data manipulation, online lectures, bulletin board discussions, Web-based office hours, links to relevant resources, expert presenters, online demonstration videos, networked simulations, collaborative research, and a series of student presentations.

During the past decade the globally networked digital technologies that operate within the realm of the internet have encouraged academicians and educators the world over to communicate, collaborate, and share knowledge. They have stimulated the creation of transgeographic educational initiatives which broaden the opportunities of learners and are an effective means of eradicating ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and cultural divides. The construction of transgeographic learning communities within the unmapped virtual forest of the internet requires an organized and systematic approach. Success is dependent on committed participants; a shared learning platform; a clear understanding of purpose; extensive student and instructor preparedness towards technology usage; exemplary curricula; a central focus for investigation; interaction with experts; extensive opportunities for intellectual discourse; and collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to offer an independent examination of a successful technology-dependent transgeographic learning project that serves as a model from which to base future projects. The Summer Ecosystems Experience for Undergraduates (SEE-U) is available to colleges and university students worldwide, operating at three geographically distinct locations concurrently. The program includes global networking, GPS and GIS usage, a shared investigative focus, real-time interactions, data collection, a globally networked geo-referenced digital database that was specifically created for this project, data manipulation, online lectures, bulletin board discussions, Web-based office hours, links to relevant resources, expert presenters, online demonstration videos, networked simulations, collaborative research, and a series of student presentations.

Flaws detected in nuclear power plant components during in-service inspections are typically evaluated based on stress intensity factor influence coefficient databases and solutions from industry standards and public literature (e.g. API-579, ASME Section XI Code, WRC-175 Bulletin, Raju-Newman, etc). For certain components in the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants, such as Bottom Mounted Instrumentation (BMI) nozzles, the cylindrical component geometry may fall outside the applicability limits of stress intensity factor influence coefficient databases. This situation occurs where the thickness to inner radius ratios of the cylindrical geometry is greater than 1.0. Accurate stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions are essential to flaw evaluation since the SIFs are used in the determination of both the allowable flaw size and crack growth in order to determine acceptability of the detected flaw. In this paper, stress intensity factor influence coefficients are generated based on a three-dimensional finite element analysis for axial flaws located on the inside surface and outside surface of a cylindrical component with thickness to inner radius ratios (t/Ri) of 1, 2, 4, & 6. Non-dimensional influence coefficients are determined at the deepest point of the crack front and the surface point of the flaw based on a 4th order polynomial fit for a through-wall stress profile. The influence coefficients are generated for semi-elliptical flaws with a/c ratios = 0.125 through 2; where a is depth of the elliptical flaw, and c is the half-length of the elliptical flaw. The influence coefficients developed are suitable for calculating stress intensity factors for cylindrical components with high thickness to inner radius ratios.

Abstract The mathematical modelling of a vehicle when it is driving into a fixed or deformable barrier or into another vehicle must allow to reproduce the deceleration field inside it and its structural and kinematic behaviour. Although a detailed view can be obtained using finite element modelling, the more global multibody approach has the advantage of requiring considerably lower computing costs, and therefore of studying quickly the behaviour for many input data. The main difficulty in executing the above procedure is to determine the laws governing the behaviour of the deformable links. These can first be estimated either by finite element calculations, or by static or dynamic tests. This approach can be improved using an identification methodology, provided that the kinematics in a crash trial is well known. A non parametric identification method has been considered. But the results have not been satisfactory enough. Conversely, if an initial estimate of the set of parameters is available, a parametric identification can be preferred. Several have been tested. Once their respective stability and strength had been determined on one-dimensional test models with one and two degrees of freedom. Predictivity and reliability trials in the presence of noisy data have been envisaged. The results have permitted to highlight which is the best adapted to solve the problem. We have applied the chosen approach in the case of the impact of guided vehicles (the TGV Atlantic high-speed “bullet” train) and road vehicles.