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1

Birkhead, Timothy R., Simone Immler, E. Jayne Pellatt, and Robert Freckleton. "Unusual Sperm Morphology in the Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula Pyrrhula)." Auk 123, no. 2 (2006): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.2.383.

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Abstract The sperm of the Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) differs markedly in gross morphology from that of all other passerines examined to date. In other passerines, the sperm head is pointed and helical, and the midpiece comprises a mitochondrial helix extending along the flagellum; whereas in the Eurasian Bullfinch, the sperm acrosome is rounded, not helical, and the midpiece is extremely short. In a pairwise study, using principal component analysis (PCA), we combined quantitative and qualitative sperm morphology traits and conducted a phylogenetic correlation to compare the sperm
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2

Jamosky, Edward. "The Bullfinch." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 47, no. 1/2 (1993): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1347524.

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3

Javid, Mohsin, Khursheed Ahmad, Intesar Suhail, and Orus Ilyas. "First photographic record of Brown Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from Jammu & Kashmir, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 16, no. 10 (2024): 26044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.9280.16.10.26044-26045.

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The Brown Bullfinch (Pyrrhula nipalensis) is a passerine bird within the family Fringillidae. This study reports the first photographic record of the Brown Bullfinch from the Gurez Valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The bird was sighted through a camera trap installed in Butamali Tullail, a meadow for herders at an altitude of 3,400 meters. This shy bird typically forages in pairs or small flocks and feeds on seeds, berries, and buds. The Brown Bullfinch thrives in dense temperate forests and breeds from May to July. It constructs well-concealed nests in shrubs or low trees, and both parents pa
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4

Ivushkin, V. E. "On the distributional History of Bullfinches (<i>Pyrrhula</i>, Passeriformes, Aves)." Зоологический журнал 103, no. 1 (2024): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044513424010085.

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Over the past hundred years, constant uncertainty has been observed in establishing the taxonomic status of individual forms of bullfinches, one that has been developed throughout the history of their study. The lack of information has prevented almost all researchers who worked on bullfinches from coming to generallly accepted conclusions. This has not changed even as a result of the use of molecular genetic methods. To analyze the current situation, three key publications are considered, on which the modern understanding of the history of phylogenetic interactions of closely related forms of
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5

Lappo-Danilevskii, Konstantin. "Gavriil R. Derzhavin’s The Bullfinch: Textual Criticism and History of Composition." Slovene 13, no. 2 (2024): 113–34. https://doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2024.2.04.

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The paper surveys the history of composition of Gavriil R. Derzhavin’s The Bullfinch (1800), a famous poem on the death of the celebrated Russian military commander Alexander V. Suvorov (1730–1800). An analysis of three versions of these elegiac stanzas demonstrates how Derzhavin consistently improved his style and metrics (the poem is written in a rare logaoedic verse form). A comparison of all editions and manuscripts makes clear that Derzhavin did not notice a typographical error in the twenty-second line of The Bullfinch in the second part of his Works, which was published in 1808 in Saint
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6

Ramos, Jaime A. "Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 7, no. 1 (2000): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309593.

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7

RANDO, J. C., H. PIEPER, STORRS L. OLSON, F. PEREIRA, and J. A. ALCOVER. "A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)." Zootaxa 4282, no. 3 (2017): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4282.3.9.

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A new species of extinct bullfinch, Pyrrhula crassa n. sp., is described from bones found in Furna do Calcinhas, a small cave situated at Caldeira, a volcano located in the southeastern portion of the Graciosa Island (Azores archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean). It is the first extinct passerine bird to be described from this archipelago. Both skull and post-cranial bones are larger in the new species than in its relatives, the Eurasian Bullfinch (P. pyrrhula) and the Azores Bullfinch or “Priolo” from São Miguel Island (P. murina), the new species being the largest known in this genus. The morph
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8

Birkhead, T. R., and S. Van Balen. "Unidirectional hybridization in birds: an historical review of bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) hybrids." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 1 (2007): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.1.20.

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Hybridization occurs among many bird species in nature and many more in captivity, and hybridization has important implications for the speciation process. Bird-fanciers have produced hybrids between the canary (Serinus canaria) and various finch species since at least 1600. Some finch species exhibit unidirectional hybridization in which males of species A can successfully hybridize with females of species B, but not vice versa. The bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is thought to be such a species, with only females capable of producing hybrid offspring with the domesticated canary and other finc
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9

Costa, Tarso de M. M., Artur Gil, Sergio Timóteo, Ricardo S. Ceia, Rúben Coelho, and Azucena de la Cruz Martin. "How Many Azores Bullfinches (Pyrrhula murina) Are There in the World? Case Study of a Threatened Species." Diversity 15, no. 5 (2023): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15050685.

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The Azores bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina Godman, 1866) is a rare Passeriformes endemic from the eastern part of São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal. This bird was almost considered extinct in the first half of the 20th century, but due to recent conservation measures, it has experienced a recovery since the beginning of the 2000s. Despite the attention given to this bird, the size of its population is still controversial, and the most recent studies present significant divergences on this behalf. The purpose of the present study is to present data from the long-term monitoring and results of the
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10

Pieper, H., Storrs L. Olson, F. Pereira, and J. A. Alcover. "A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)." Zootaxa 4282, no. 3 (2017): 567–83. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4282.3.9.

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Pieper, H., Olson, Storrs L., Pereira, F., Alcover, J. A. (2017): A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa 4282 (3): 567-583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4282.3.9
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11

Ramos, Jaime A. "Fern Frond Feeding by the Azores Bullfinch." Journal of Avian Biology 25, no. 4 (1994): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3677282.

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12

Newton, I. "THE MOULT OF THE BULLFINCH PYRRHULA PYRRHULA." Ibis 108, no. 1 (2008): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1966.tb07251.x.

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13

Marcuk, Vladislav, and Donovan De Boer. "Note on the nest-building behaviour, socio-negative interactions and courtship display of the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch Loxigilla noctis sclateri in a suburban area of St Lucia." Biodiversity Observations 13 (August 23, 2023): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/bo.1342.

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We provide details of the nest-building behaviour of the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch, including observational notes on nest materials and courtship elements, and also on socio-negative interactions. The information is based on field observations of a breeding pair in a suburban area in St Lucia.
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14

SHERBO, ARTHUR. "WILLIAM COWPER'S BULLFINCH POEM: A MINOR SUB-GENRE?" Notes and Queries 32, no. 2 (1985): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/32-2-243.

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15

Lifjeld, Jan T., Antje Hoenen, Lars Erik Johannessen, et al. "The Azores bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina) has the same unusual and size-variable sperm morphology as the Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 108, no. 3 (2013): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02040.x.

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16

Grishko, Ekaterina, Lyubov Malinovskaya, Anastasia Slobodchikova, Artemiy Kotelnikov, Anna Torgasheva, and Pavel Borodin. "Cytological Analysis of Crossover Frequency and Distribution in Male Meiosis of Cardueline Finches (Fringillidae, Aves)." Animals 13, no. 23 (2023): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233624.

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Meiotic recombination is an important source of genetic diversity. Using immunolocalization of several meiotic proteins at the spreads of male pachytene cells, we estimated the number of recombination nodules per cell and their distribution along the macrochromosome 1 of the Common linnet, Eurasian bullfinch, Eurasian siskin, and European goldfinch. The macrochromosomes of the two former species have metapolycentromeres, composed of several centromeric domains. We detected significant interspecies differences in the mean numbers of recombination nodules per genome: 52.9 ± 2.8 in the linnet, 49
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17

Birkhead, Timothy R., Simone Immler, E. Jayne Pellatt, and Robert Freckleton. "UNUSUAL SPERM MORPHOLOGY IN THE EURASIAN BULLFINCH (PYRRHULA PYRRHULA)." Auk 123, no. 2 (2006): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[383:usmite]2.0.co;2.

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18

CEIA, RICARDO S., JAIME A. RAMOS, RUBEN H. HELENO, GEOFF M. HILTON, and TIAGO A. MARQUES. "Status assessment of the Critically Endangered Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 4 (2011): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000025.

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SummaryThe Azores Bullfinch is endemic to the island of São Miguel (Azores, Portugal). Its status was uplisted to Critically Endangered in 2005 on the basis of an extremely small and declining population that was considered to be restricted to a very small mountain range (43 km2), in a single location, within which the spread of invasive plants constituted a threat to habitat quality. Nevertheless, information was mostly inferred, or the product of, non-systematic studies. In order to carry out a complete assessment of the conservation status we analysed: (i) population trend, calculated from
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19

WILKINSON, ROGER. "VOCAL BEHAVIOUR AND CALL DEVELOPMENT IN THE BULLFINCH (PYRRHULA PYRRHULA)." Bioacoustics 2, no. 3 (1990): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.1990.9753131.

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20

Cézilly, Frank, Carla Daniel, and Edward B. Massiah. "A rare observation of a male Lesser Antillean Bullfinch (<em>Loxigilla noctis</em>) on Barbados." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 26 (September 11, 2013): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2013.26.59-62.

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Abstract: We report the observation of a male Lesser Antillean Bullfinch (Loxigilla noctis) on the island of Barbados from 24 May to 12 June 2010, only the third record for this species on Barbados. We discuss the relevance of this observation to the taxonomic status of the Barbados Bullfinch (L. barbadensis) and the evolutionary loss of sexual dichromatism. Keywords: Barbados, Loxigilla barbadensis, Loxigilla noctis, sexual dichromatism Resumen: Observación rara de un macho de Loxigilla noctis en Barbados- Reportamos la observación de un macho de Loxigilla noctis en la isla de Barbados del 24
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21

MIRONOV, SERGEY V., and ARSENII V. DMITRYUKOV. "Three new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from passerines (Passeriformes) in the Asian part of Russia." Zootaxa 5661, no. 2 (2025): 178–200. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.2.

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Three new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia are described from passerines from various regions in the Asian part of Russia: Trouessartia locustellae sp. nov. from the Pallas’s grasshopper warbler Helopsaltes certhiola (Pallas) (type host) and the Middendorff’s grasshopper warbler H. ochotensis (Middendorff) (Locustellidae), T. mugimaki sp. nov. from the mugimaki flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki (Temminck) (Muscicapidae), and T. pyrrhulae sp. nov. from the Eurasian bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Linnaeus (Fringillidae). Descriptions and differential diagnoses are supplemented with sequenc
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22

Chenxi, Jia, and Sun Yuehua. "Nests, Eggs, and Incubation Behavior of Grey-headed Bullfinch (Pyrrhula erythaca)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no. 4 (2008): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-139.1.

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23

Audet, Jean-Nicolas, Simon Ducatez, and Louis Lefebvre. "Morphological and Molecular Sexing of the Monochromatic Barbados Bullfinch,Loxigilla barbadensis." Zoological Science 31, no. 10 (2014): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zs140025.

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24

Birkhead, T. R., F. Giusti, S. Immler, and B. G. M. Jamieson. "Ultrastructure of the unusual spermatozoon of the Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)." Acta Zoologica 88, no. 2 (2007): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00259.x.

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25

Hester, Douglas L. "Lines Written on Viewing “Ether Day, 1846” in the Bullfinch Amphitheater." Anesthesiology 124, no. 6 (2016): 1408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000987.

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26

Hernández, Ángel. "Temporal variation in the population density and structure of the Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula in the Iberian Peninsula." Acrocephalus 42, no. 188-189 (2021): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acro-2021-0002.

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Abstract The population ecology of the Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula is almost unknown in Iberia, where the subspecies iberiae lives. The present study provides a first approach to the population attributes of this subspecies in an area located in northern Spain, characterised by a landscape dominated by hedgerows and meadows. In particular, I analysed the population density, age distribution and sex ratio during a six-year period (2001–2006). By exploring the entire area, I estimated the density in each month, and distinguished males, females and juveniles. In winter, samplings by line
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27

Ramos, Jaime A. "Introduction of Exotic Tree Species as a Threat to the Azores Bullfinch Population." Journal of Applied Ecology 33, no. 4 (1996): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404942.

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28

McNamee, P., T. Pennycott, and S. McConnell. "Clinical and pathological changes associated with atoxoplasma in a captive bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)." Veterinary Record 136, no. 9 (1995): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.136.9.221.

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29

SAITO, Mitsuru, and Masayuki SENZAKI. "The first observation of a Baikal Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula cineracea in Japan." Japanese Journal of Ornithology 67, no. 1 (2018): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3838/jjo.67.139.

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30

Ramos, Jaime A. "The diet of the azores bullfinch Pyrrhula murina and floristic variation within its range." Biological Conservation 71, no. 3 (1995): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)00033-m.

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31

Webster, Sandra J., and Louis Lefebvre. "Neophobia by the Lesser-Antillean Bullfinch, a Foraging Generalist, and the Bananaquit, a Nectar Specialist." Wilson Bulletin 112, no. 3 (2000): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0424:nbtlab]2.0.co;2.

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32

PROFFITT, FIONA M., IAN NEWTON, JEREMY D. WILSON, and GAVIN M. SIRIWARDENA. "Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula breeding ecology in lowland farmland and woodland: comparisons across time and habitat." Ibis 146 (November 16, 2004): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00363.x.

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33

Kukhta, A. E., та N. P. Bolshakova. "Опыт использования кольцевания для оценки перемещений птиц на территории аэропорта «Томск»". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, № 3 (2017): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_70.

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&lt;p&gt;The material on winter migrations of birds on the territory of the Tomsk airport is presented in the study. The urgency of the work is connected with the importance of territorial attachment of birds and their danger level for civilian aviation. The research is based on the data of catches and birds tagging by numbered and colored rings in the period from November 9, 2016 to April 12, 2017. Totally 261 birds were caught and 30 returns were received. It is shown that fodder flocks of birds are formed on the territory of the airport in the winter season consisting mainly of a great tit
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34

Wiewel, Amber N. M., Stephen J. Dinsmore, and Jaime A. Collazo. "Nest survival and breeding biology of the Puerto Rican Bullfinch (Loxigilla portoricensis) in southwestern Puerto Rico." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 125, no. 4 (2013): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/12-175.1.

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35

NEWTON, IAN, and PETER ROTHERY. "Timing and duration of moult in the Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula: an appraisal of different analytical procedures." Ibis 142, no. 1 (2008): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2000.tb07685.x.

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36

Zula, Floyd M. "AN ARCHITECTURAL LIFE: MEMOIRS AND MEMORIES OF CHARLES W. MOORE (A Bullfinch Press Book). Kevin P. Keim." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 16, no. 1 (1997): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.16.1.27948875.

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37

Dyikanova, M. E., O. N. Ivashova, I. N. Gasparyan, N. F. Deniskina, and Sh V. Gasparyan. "Resource-saving early potato cultivation technology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 2 (2021): 022020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022020.

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Abstract To obtain environmentally friendly early production of potatoes, the use of a technological method in the cultivation technology - light germination was studied. The cultivation technology is standard, except for the studied technique. There is a varietal reaction to reception, responds well to germination of the Luck and Bullfinch varieties. In the variant with germination, the total costs increase, but in the cost structure there is a decrease in the costs of expensive fertilizers and seeds. The cost of machinery and agricultural production does not rise much. implements in connecti
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38

Steadman, David W., and G. S. Morgan. "A New Species Of Bullfinch (Aves, Emberizinae) From A Late Quaternary Cave Deposit On Cayman brac, West indies." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98 (June 5, 1985): 544–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13407267.

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Refsum, Thorbjørn, Kjell Handeland, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Gudmund Holstad, and Georg Kapperud. "Salmonellae in Avian Wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 11 (2002): 5595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.11.5595-5599.2002.

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ABSTRACT Postmortem records of wild-living birds in Norway with laboratory-confirmed findings of salmonella infection were summarized for the period from 1969 to 2000. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 470 birds belonging to 26 species. The salmonella-positive birds included 441 small passerines, 15 gulls, 5 waterfowl, 4 birds of prey, 3 doves, and 2 crows. The bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) was by far the most frequently recorded species (54% of the cases). Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium was recovered from all cases except from one hooded crow (Corvus corone), which yielded serovar P
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40

Lefebvre, Louis, Simon Ducatez, and Jean-Nicolas Audet. "Feeding innovations in a nested phylogeny of Neotropical passerines." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1690 (2016): 20150188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0188.

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Several studies on cognition, molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic diversity independently suggest that Darwin's finches are part of a larger clade of speciose, flexible birds, the family Thraupidae , a member of the New World nine-primaried oscine superfamily Emberizoidea . Here, we first present a new, previously unpublished, dataset of feeding innovations covering the Neotropical region and compare the stem clades of Darwin's finches to other neotropical clades at the levels of the subfamily, family and superfamily/order. Both in terms of raw frequency as well as rates corrected for resear
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41

ZU ERMGASSEN, ERASMUS K. H. J., CHRIS DURRANT, SHINTO JOHN, et al. "Detection of the European epidemic strain of Trichomonas gallinae in finches, but not other non-columbiformes, in the absence of macroscopic disease." Parasitology 143, no. 10 (2016): 1294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016000780.

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SUMMARYFinch trichomonosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting European passerines caused by a clonal strain of Trichomonas gallinae. Migrating chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) were proposed as the likely vector of parasite spread from Great Britain to Fennoscandia. To test for such parasite carriage, we screened samples of oesophagus/crop from 275 Apodiform, Passeriform and Piciform birds (40 species) which had no macroscopic evidence of trichomonosis (i.e. necrotic ingluvitis). These birds were found dead following the emergence of trichomonosis in Great Britain, 2009–2012, and were e
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42

Çufalı, Görkem, and Mehmet Çolak. "Bird species in the Arac Stream of Safranbolu in Türkiye." Biological Diversity and Conservation 18, no. 2 (2025): 198–205. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1588677.

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This study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 to identify bird species in the Arac Stream in the Safranbolu district in the province of Karabuk, Türkiye. A total of 54 bird species belonging to 14 orders and 32 families were identified during the survey. Of the species observed, 11 (20.4%) were summer migrants, 1 (1.8%) was a winter migrant and 42 (77.8%) were resident species. Summer migrants included the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), hoopoe (Upupa epops), bee-eater (Merops apiaster), swift (Apus apus), the bullfinch (Carpodacus erythrinus), tree pipit (An
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43

Stradi, R., E. Pini, and G. Celentano. "Carotenoids in bird plumage: the complement of red pigments in the plumage of wild and captive bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 128, no. 3 (2001): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00353-5.

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44

Martins, Irene, Maria L. Arosa, Ricardo S. Ceia, Sandra Parejo, Jaime A. Ramos, and Christian Damgaard. "The winter energetics of the Azores bullfinch and the implications for the restoration of its native laurel forest habitat." Ecological Modelling 231 (April 2012): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.01.015.

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45

Monticelli, David, Ricardo Ceia, Ruben Heleno, et al. "High survival rate of a critically endangered species, the Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina, as a contribution to population recovery." Journal of Ornithology 151, no. 3 (2010): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0501-4.

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Biddle, Lucia, Adrian M. Goodman, and D. Charles Deeming. "Construction patterns of birds’ nests provide insight into nest-building behaviours." PeerJ 5 (February 28, 2017): e3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3010.

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Previous studies have suggested that birds and mammals select materials needed for nest building based on their thermal or structural properties, although the amounts or properties of the materials used have been recorded for only a very small number of species. Some of the behaviours underlying the construction of nests can be indirectly determined by careful deconstruction of the structure and measurement of the biomechanical properties of the materials used. Here we examined this idea in an investigation of Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) nests as a model for open-nesting songbird species tha
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Johne, Reimar, Walter Wittig, Daniel Fernández-de-Luco, Ursula Höfle, and Hermann Müller. "Characterization of Two Novel Polyomaviruses of Birds by Using Multiply Primed Rolling-Circle Amplification of Their Genomes." Journal of Virology 80, no. 7 (2006): 3523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.7.3523-3531.2006.

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ABSTRACT Polyomaviruses are small nonenveloped particles with a circular double-stranded genome, approximately 5 kbp in size. The mammalian polyomaviruses mainly cause persistent subclinical infections in their natural nonimmunocompromised hosts. In contrast, the polyomaviruses of birds—avian polyomavirus (APV) and goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV)—are the primary agents of acute and chronic disease with high mortality rates in young birds. Screening of field samples of diseased birds by consensus PCR revealed the presence of two novel polyomaviruses in the liver of an Eurasian bullfinch (
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Ramos, Jaime A. "The influence of size, shape, and phenolic content on the selection of winter foods by the Azores bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina)." Journal of Zoology 238, no. 3 (1996): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05403.x.

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Durrant, Kate L., Deborah A. Dawson, Terry Burke, and Tim R. Birkhead. "The Unusual Sperm Morphology of the Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is not Due to the Phenotypic Result of Genetic Reduction." Auk 127, no. 4 (2010): 832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.10070.

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Garigliany, Mutien-Marie, Didier Marlier, Klara Tenner-Racz, et al. "Detection of Usutu virus in a bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and a great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in north-west Europe." Veterinary Journal 199, no. 1 (2014): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.017.

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