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Scholtes, Nora. "'Bulwark against Asia' : Zionist exclusivism and Palestinian responses." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47602/.
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This thesis offers a consideration of how the ideological foundations of Zionism determine the movement’s exclusive relationship with an outside world that is posited at large and the native Palestinian population specifically. Contesting Israel’s exceptionalist security narrative, it identifies, through an extensive examination of the writings of Theodor Herzl, the overlapping settler colonialist and ethno-nationalist roots of Zionism. In doing so, it contextualises Herzl’s movement as a hegemonic political force that embraced the dominant European discourses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including anti-Semitism. The thesis is also concerned with the ways in which these ideological foundations came to bear on the Palestinian and broader Ottoman contexts. A closer consideration of Ottoman Palestine reveals a hidden history of imperial inclusivity that stands in stark contrast to the Zionist settler colonial model. The thesis explores the effects of the Zionist project on Palestine’s native population, highlighting early reactions to the marginalisation and exclusion suffered, as well as emerging strategies of resistance that locate an alternative, non-nationalist vision for the future of the region in the collective reappropriation of a pre-colonial past. The question is broached about the role that Palestinian literature can play within the context of such reclaiming efforts. More precisely, it debates whether Palestinian life writing emanating from the occupied territories contributes, in its recording of personal history, to the project of re-writing national history in opposition to the attempted Israeli erasure. Finally, by drawing a direct line from original Zionist thought to the politics and policies of the state of Israel today, the thesis suggests an on-going settler colonial structure that has become increasingly visible through the state’s use of spatially restrictive measures in order to finally conclude its settlement project. Israel’s obsessive ‘walling’ is discussed in that context as the physical escalation of Zionism’s founding ideological tenets.
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Greenidge, Kerri K. "Bulwark of the nation: northern black press, political radicalism, and civil rights 1859-1909." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12402.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>Between 1859 and 1909, the African-American press in Boston, Cleveland, New York, and Philadelphia nurtured a radical black political consciousness that challenged white supremacy on a national and local level. Specifically, black newspapers provided the ideological foundation for the New Negro movement of the 1910s and 1920s by cultivating this consciousness in readers. This dissertation examines black newspapers as political texts through what I have called figurative black nationalism in the ante-bellum Anglo-African, Douglass' Monthly, and Christian Recorder; through the political independence advocated in the post-Reconstruction New York Age, Cleveland Gazette, and Boston Advocate; and through the tum of the century Woman's Era, Colored American, and Boston Guardian.
This study challenges fundamental assumptions about race, politics, and African-American activism between the Civil War and the Progressive Era. First, analyzing how ante-bellum African-Americans used the press to define radical abolition on their own terms shows that they adopted what I call figurative black nationalism through the Anglo-African's serialization of Martin R. Delany's 1859 novel Blake, or The Huts ofAmerica. Second, even as this press moved to the post-bellum south, northern African-Americans became increasingly alienated from the conservative rhetoric of racial spokesmen, particularly as the fall of Reconstruction led to repeal of the 1875 Civil Rights Act and failure of the 1890 Federal Elections Bill. Frances E.W. Harper's serialized novel Minnie's Sacrifice perpetuated the idea that free and freed people shared a post-bellum political outlook in the Christian Recorder, but such unity was elusive in reality. Consequently, northern African-Americans adopted a form of "mugwumpism" that questioned notions of blind African-American loyalty to the Republican Party. Finally, black northerners at the turn of the century reclaimed the radical abolition and political independence of the past in a successful assault on Tuskegee-style accommodation through a radical version of racial uplift. This radical racial uplift was shaped through northern black women's appropriation of Anna Julia Cooper's feminism, through Pauline Hopkins' serial novel Hagar's Daughter, and through William Monroe Trotter's participation in the Niagara Movement. Northern black politics, rather than white Progressivism or southern black conservatism, nurtured twentieth century civil rights activism.
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Leech, David. "'No spirit, no god' : an examination of the Cambridge Platonist Henry More's defence of soul as a bulwark against atheism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251996.
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Huh, Nam-Sung. "The quest for a bulwark of anti-communism : the formation of the Republic of Korea Army Officer Corps and its political socialization, 1945-1950." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1234534892.
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Githiga, Gideon Gichuhi. "The Church as the bulwark against extremism : development of Church and State relations in Kenya with particular reference to the years after political independence 1963-1992." Thesis, n.p, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Dolph, Annette R. "Forces of nature in the naturalistic novel : Dreiser and Hardy." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337192.
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This study refocuses the current critical discussion of determinism and character identity development in Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie, a predominantly "urban" novel, by juxtaposing the ways in which the natural world functions deterministically in Thomas Hardy's The Return of the Native and Theodore Dreiser's The Bulwark. First, a close reading of The Return of the Native suggests that characters' interactions with the natural world determine their identities by forcing shifts in perception and complicating their abilities to assert an identity apart from their environments. Then, a reading of The Bulwark—a novel in which Dreiser deals with the natural world quite directly—allows an exploration of how these same patterns of perception, understanding, and identity formation take shape in a text by Dreiser. The final chapter of this study synthesizes these readings of The Return of the Native and The Bulwark as a means of entry into an analysis of Sister Carrie's deterministic forces. Ultimately, attention to how the natural world influences characters through its timelessness and infinite size, as well as to how the natural world shapes a character's perspective and sense of self, adds to our understanding of the novel's determinism.<br>Department of English
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Tamburrino, Gina. "O analista no campo analisante: dos impasses às transformações possíveis." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15302.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-25<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This thesis results from an effort to penetrate questions regarding impasse that is formed and transformed in the relationship between the analyst and the analysand. The clinical work is understood and organized taking into consideration an intersubjective vertex, thus the concept of analyzing field is forged to demonstrate the analyst s implication in the formation and transformation of the shared unconscious fantasy. The highlight of the research is the presentation of the hypothesis that, in certain moments, the analyst s mind presents a dysfunctional quality in order to receive, to sustain and to prepare the field for the production of the analyzing pair. In these moments, the shared unconscious fantasy transforms itself into shared resistance: bulwarks , chronic enactments and acute enactments; the important thing to be investigated is how this kind of configuration is formed and how it transforms itself, always considering the dialectic impasse ↔ possible transformations. Besides it interests us the fact that the dysfunction in the analyzing field isn t always generated by the difficulties of a disturbed patient, it can also be caused by a disturbed analyst that, in such cases, becomes the main responsible for the functional inversion of the field to the detriment of the analysand. The main focus of this study is, above all, how the analyst wanders in the analyzing field beyond the non-analyzed questions<br>Esta tese resulta de um esforço no sentido de penetrar questões em torno dos impasses que se formam e transformam no encontro entre analista e analisando. O trabalho clínico é considerado e organizado dentro de um vértice intersubjetivo, de modo que o conceito de campo analisante é forjado para abordar a implicação do analista na formação e transformação da fantasia inconsciente compartilhada. Um ponto de grande importância, auge desta pesquisa, é a apresentação da hipótese de que em certos momentos a mente do analista apresenta uma qualidade disfuncional para receber, conter e elaborar a lavoura do campo, e, portanto, as produções da dupla analisante. Nesses momentos a fantasia inconsciente compartilhada se transforma em resistências compartilhadas: baluartes, enactments crônicos e enactments agudos. Importa investigar como essas formações se dão e como se transformam, sempre atentando para a dialética impasses↔transformações possíveis. Para além disso, há um interesse sobre o fato de que o disfuncionamento do campo analisante nem sempre está revestido das dificuldades impostas por um paciente perturbado, mas que o analista é que se encontra perturbado e determina, em grande medida, a inversão do funcionamento do campo em desfavor do analisando. É, sobretudo, sobre esse aspecto que este desenvolvimento se debruça, isto é, como se move o analista no campo analisante para além das questões não analisadas
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Phillips, Adrian. "The Newgate novels and drama of the 1830s." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10796/.
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Göbel, Walter. "Edward Bulwer-Lytton : Systemreferenz, Funktion, literarischer Wert in seinem Erzählwerk /." Heidelberg : C. Winter, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35610728m.
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Guymer, Laurence. "Curing the sick man : Sir Henry Bulwer and the Ottoman Empire." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522271.
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Roberts, M. F. "The development of the Rosicrucian novel : From Godwin to Bulwer-Lytton." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378824.
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Oakley, John Whitburn. "The rhetoric of reform : Edward Bulwer and aristocratic representation in the social order, 1828-41." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252666.
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al-Yasin, Nayef. "Imagining the aristocracy : the idea of the nation in the novels of Edward Bulwer-Lytton." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338054.
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White, Carol Anne. "Responses to Byron in the works of three nineteenth-century novelists, Edward Bulwer, Charles Dickens and Charlotte Brontë." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27750.pdf.
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Bulwahn, Lukas [Verfasser], Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Nipkow, and Colin [Akademischer Betreuer] Runciman. "Counterexample Generation for Higher-Order Logic Using Functional and Logic Programming / Lukas Bulwahn. Gutachter: Tobias Nipkow ; Colin Runciman. Betreuer: Tobias Nipkow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033891142/34.
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OÌ'CinneÌide, Muireann. "Public grandeur & private discomfort : aristocratic identity in the works of Rosina Bulwer Lytton, Emily Eden and Caroline Norton." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402722.
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Miquel, Baldellou Marta. "Symbolic transitions as modalities of aging: intertextuality in the life and works of Edward Bulwer-Lytton and Edgar Allan Poe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385365.
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L’escriptor nord-americà del segle dinou Edgar Allan Poe va publicar una sèrie de crítiques literàries de les obres de l’autor victorià Edward Bulwer-Lytton que evidencien el profund coneixement que Poe tenia d’algunes de les novel·les de Bulwer-Lytton. Atesos aquests indicis preliminars d’intertextualitat, aquesta tesi doctoral s’insereix dins el marc teòric de la literatura comparada i, en concret, dels estudis literaris transatlàntics, que es focalitzen en la influència històrica existent entre la literatura britànica i la literatura nord-americana anys després de la guerra d’independència nord-americana, així com en el marc teòric dels estudis biogràfics i dels estudis d’envelliment, especialment basats en la premissa segons la qual les percepcions d’envelliment es troben condicionades culturalment. Prenent en consideració aquests marcs teòrics, aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu identificar les intertextualitats existents en les obres literàries de Poe i Bulwer-Lytton, i detectar les transicions simbòliques comunes a les vides dels autors des de la seva joventut fins als seus últims anys de vida, i que es reflecteixen en les seves ficcions, amb el propòsit final de desxifrar les diferents modalitats d’envelliment que cada autor va demostrar com a simptomàtiques de les seves respectives cultures i com a resultat de les seves circumstàncies personals.<br>El escritor norteamericano decimonónico Edgar Allan Poe publicó una serie de críticas literarias de las obras del autor victoriano Edward Bulwer-Lytton que evidencian el profundo conocimiento que Poe tenía de algunas de las novelas de Bulwer-Lytton. Dados estos indicios preliminares de intertextualidad, esta tesis doctoral se insiere dentro del marco teórico de la literatura comparada y, en concreto, de los estudios literarios transatlánticos, que se focalizan en la influencia histórica existente entre la literatura británica y la literatura norteamericana años después de la guerra de independencia norteamericana, así como en el marco teórico de los estudios biográficos y de los estudios del envejecimiento, especialmente basados en la premisa según la que las percepciones de envejecimiento se encuentran condicionadas culturalmente. Tomando en consideración estos marcos teóricos, esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo identificar las intertextualidades existentes en las obras literarias de Poe y Bulwer-Lytton, y detectar las transiciones simbólicas comunes en las vidas de los autores desde su juventud hasta sus últimos años de vida, y que se reflejan en sus ficciones, con el propósito final de descifrar las diferentes modalidades de envejecimiento que cada autor demostró como sintomáticas de sus respectivas culturas y como resultado de sus circunstancias personales.<br>The nineteenth-century American writer Edgar Allan Poe published a series of reviews of the literary works of the Victorian writer Edward Bulwer-Lytton that evince that Poe was particularly well-acquainted with some of Bulwer-Lytton’s novels. Given these preliminary signs of intertextuality, this doctoral thesis is grounded within the theoretical framework of comparative literature, and particularly, of transatlantic literary studies, which focus on the historical influence existing between British and American literature years after the American War of Independence, as well as the theoretical framework of biographical studies and aging studies, being especially based on the premise that the perceptions of aging are culturally conditioned. Taking into consideration these theoretical frameworks, this doctoral thesis aims to identify the intertextualities existing in the literary works of Poe and Bulwer-Lytton, and detect shared symbolic transitions in the lives of both authors from their youth until their late years, and which are reflected in their fictions, with the ultimate purpose of decoding the different modalities of aging that each author displayed as symptomatic of their respective cultures and as a result of their personal circumstances.
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Walker, Stanwood Sterling. "The classical-historical novel in nineteenth-century Britain." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036607.
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Pratt-Smith, Stella. "Creative sparks : literary responses to electricity, 1830-1880." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68d9c5fd-21ad-4ebb-8348-f0d4531be5bb.
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This thesis examines accounts of electricity in journalism, short stories, novels, poetry and instructional writings, composed between 1830 and 1880 by scientific investigators, popular practitioners and fiction authors. The writings are approached as diverse and often incongruous impressions of electricity, in which the use of figurative and narrative techniques brings into question distinctions between science and literature. It is proposed that the unusual combination of electricity’s historical characterisation as an elixir vitae, intense investigation by contemporary scientists, and close alliance with new technologies offered unique opportunities for imaginative speculation. The thesis contends that engaging with these conflicting characteristics created a synthesis of scientific, social and literary responses that defy epistemological and generic categorisation. Fictionality is approached in chapter two as a central feature of scientific conceptualisation, experiment and discovery, particularly in the work of Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. In chapters three and four, the landscape of popular non-fiction books and periodicals is mapped, to show the ways in which the period’s publication contexts and forums, reading patterns, and use of literary practices contributed to wider engagement with ideas about electricity. Chapters five and six focus on fiction writings, identifying parallels and divergences between actual electrical science and its fictional portrayal. Short stories are shown to have emphasised associations between electricity, neurosis, deformity and the occult, complicating contemporary scientific optimism and presenting electricity as an alluring yet dangerous phenomenon, which disordered the natural world and man’s relationship with it. These characteristics are identified further in the metaphorical references of several canonical novelists, in the exploitation of electricity, elixirs and power depicted by William Harrison Ainsworth and Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and through a case study of the text and reception of a popular novel about electricity by Benjamin Lumley. The thesis contends that electricity’s anomalous and protean nature produced distinctively hybrid responses that enhance our understanding of contemporary popular writing, its contexts and how it was read.
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Isaacson, Kja. "Deep Time in the Nineteenth-Century British Novel: Temporality, Science, and Literary Form." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36966.
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This dissertation examines representations of deep time in nineteenth-century British novels in order to argue that these texts help carve a path for our contemporary definitions of deep time and the Anthropocene. Examining fiction by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, H. Rider Haggard, H. G. Wells, and Joseph Conrad, I suggest that these novels participate in the secularization of deep time by transforming the concept of vast spiritual time that had been in use earlier in the nineteenth century into a scientifically-informed model that anticipates our current understandings of deep time. While the concept of geological time emerged in the late-eighteenth century and became widely recognized in the nineteenth, the phrase “deep time” originates in nineteenth-century literature when Thomas Carlyle first used it in a non-scientific context. By studying a wide range of fiction, I demonstrate how nineteenth-century authors employed innovative narrative strategies to convey these potentially inconceivable timescales in non-numerical terms, and thereby make them more accessible to human comprehension. I also challenge conventional distinctions between literary realism and popular romance in the period by analyzing the complementary ways in which both genres of fiction engage with vast temporal scales in their narratives. I develop my argument by examining how these novels use a model of what I call “folding time” to incorporate remote time periods into their texts. Departing from the novel’s linear narrative structure to bring distant historical moments into direct contact with one another, folding time situates human activity in relation to vast pre-and-post-human periods and in doing so acknowledges an age of humans within deep time; in this sense, these novels articulate an early concept of the Anthropocene. By including deep time in the novel’s traditionally individual and familial framework, these authors simultaneously expand the novel’s temporal scope and humanize vast scientific timescales. Further, as these novels illustrate characters’ psychological responses to overwhelming scientific timescales, they reposition deep time in relation to private temporal experience. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach to acknowledge the mutually reciprocal relationship between science and literature in the nineteenth century, and draws on temporality studies, history of science theory, and literary criticism to situate its argument in relation to current critical discussions. I also consider the work of scientists such as Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, and William Thomson in order to contextualize my novels’ scientific references. By studying nineteenth-century British novels in relation to scientific temporalities, this dissertation recovers an overlooked component of the history of deep time that has had significant and lasting cultural influence given the enduring popularity and wide readership of these texts.
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Gabriel, Schenk. "A type of king : the figure of Arthur in mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c284cea-e72c-49b0-ba87-29cf7b960ba9.
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This thesis analyses the figure of Arthur, in a period spanning the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, when that figure became increasingly protean and multifaceted, and the audience for the Arthurian legend grew in both size and variety. It argues that many authors wrote through Arthur, as well as about Arthur, using the figure to understand and test their own ideas about ideals (e.g. of manliness, kingship, or heroism) as well as problems (such as war, despotism, or ungodliness). This thesis analyses Arthur by considering him as a 'type', using a definition of the term that highlights a paradox: a type, in a scientific sense, is both perfect (an exemplary model) and normal (common enough to be representative). When applied to Arthur, it means that he is both a perfect, or near perfect, example, but is also to some extent a 'normal' human being. Different authors analysed in this thesis emphasise different aspects of the figure, according to whether they focus on Arthur's perfection or his normality. Other meanings of the word 'type' are also applied when relevant: the idea is not to force all versions of Arthur into a single or definitive category, but to retain the complexity of how Arthur is characterised and written about in texts. The ultimate aim of this thesis is to put the figure of Arthur into critical focus, and explain why he has been returned to so often in history.
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Czarnopyś, Ryszard. "Problematyka polska w działalności pisarskiej Gilberta Keitha Chestertona: historia – kultura - polityka." Phd thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11320/9382.
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Praca została udostępniona 10 dni przed obroną, włącznie z dniem obrony.<br>Rozprawa odnosi się do podejmowania problematyki polskiej w twórczości, przede wszystkim publicystycznej Gilberta Keitha Chestertona. Poszczególne rozdziały pracy skupiają się na kolejnych etapach ‘odkrywania” Polski przez Chestertona, od nieufności po etap fascynacji Polską. Z drugiej strony, praca jest analizą stopniowego poznawania Chestertona przez krytyków literackich i czytelników. Punktem kulminacyjnym w obu tych procesach była wizyta pisarza w Polsce, kiedy witano go jako największego przyjaciela kraju i jego rzecznika. W rozprawie omawiana jest rola Romana Dybowskiego i Wacława Borowego jako filologów i krytyków literackich, którzy w największym stopniu przybliżyli sylwetkę angielskiego pisarza polskim odbiorcom.<br>The dissertation focuses on Gilbert K. Chesterton’s interest in Polish problems. The writer first showed his interest in matters related to Poland early in the 20th century, when there was very little chance of restoring Poland as an independent state. Chesterton devoted a number of his essays to the question of partitions of Poland in the 18th century. He blamed Prussia for taking the leading role in the process. However, he also blamed England for assisting Prussia throughout the 19th century. Later, the writer focused on the threat from bolshevism. The climax in Chesterton’s interest in Polish history and culture, was his visit to Poland in 1927.<br>Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydział Filologiczny
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Montgomery, John Henry. "Bulwer-Lytton's mystic novels : on the margins of the invisible." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6068.
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M.A.<br>Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873) was a prolific writer in many genres. This dissertation takes the major works of his occult genre and examines them in the backdrop of the scientific and religious paradigms informing the mid-Victorian reading public. In response partly to the increase in materialism, popular Victorian novelists such as Dickens and Thackeray were writing in a realistic style which Bulwer-Lytton found not suited to convey his mystical ideas. Instead, he made use of the metaphysical novel — a sub-genre of the romance novel — well-suited for his purposes but antithetical to critics often not willing to explore new territory. Although always alive to developments in Spiritualism, Bulwer-Lytton's life-long interest lay in the study of the occult and secret societies. The works chosen for this dissertation indicate how the boundaries between science, religion and the occult are permeable. In his works, these three discourses conflate instead of being kept discrete by artificial means. His passion for the mystical aligns Bulwer-Lytton more with the Romantics than the Victorians. Through a close friendship with John Varley (1778-1842), an inner-circle friend of William Blake, Bulwer-Lytton came to learn of aspects of Blake which reflect particularly in A Strange Story. W B Yeates and Rider Haggard, both admirers of Bulwer-Lytton, would incorporate his ideas into their works, and Madame Blavatsky would shamelessly plagiarise him in her Isis Unveiled. Unwittingly, Bulwer-Lytton’s wholly-fictional novel, The coming Race, would serve as “proof” to Hitler that a secret master race actually existed.
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Nowak, Alicja. "Projekt adaptacji budynku hotelu Forum wraz z koncepcją zagospodarowania terenu." Praca dyplomowa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11315/26041.
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"Podjęcie próby rozwiązania problemu z jakim boryka się obecnie hotel Forum wydaje się
ciekawym zagadnieniem nie tylko ze względu na intrygującą historię jaką kryje w sobie
modernistyczna bryła, ale także kontekst otaczającej przestrzeni. W swojej pracy podejmę więc
próbę ożywienia nieczynnego dotąd hotelu, a także zajmę się koncepcją otoczenia budynku,
próbując w płynny sposób scalić je z zielonymi bulwarami Wisły nad którymi obiekt się znajduje. "(...)
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Kołpa, Katarzyna. "Projekt ekstremalnej strefy wystawniczej - Artystycznego start upu (Jako elementu szlaku kultury i sztuki nowoczesnej południowego brzegu Wisły w Krakowie)." Praca dyplomowa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11315/26094.
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"Praca magisterska Eksperymentalna strefa wystawiennicza – artystyczny start up stanowi odwołanie i
rozwinięcie zagadnień poruszonych w pracy dyplomowej inżynierskiej Ogród Rzeźby w Krakowie. Podejmowała ona
temat rewaloryzacji działki w sąsiedztwie Bulwarów Wiślanych i zaproponowania tam przestrzeni wystawienniczej
zewnętrznej w formie wystawy rzeźb, połączonej z ekspozycją wewnętrzną i funkcjami towarzyszącymi, takimi jak
pracownia dla artystów, części warsztatowej, księgarnia czy kawiarnia. Obiekt ten stanowił pomysł przestrzeni
publicznej, gdzie mieszkańcy i turyści mogliby na co dzień obcować z sztuką. "(...)
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Malley, Shawn Cameron. "Nineteenth-century archaeology and the retrieval of the past : Carlyle, Scott, Bulwer-Lytton, Pater, and Haggard." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6203.
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"Nineteenth-Century Archaeology and the Retrieval of the Past: Carlyle, Scott, Bulwer-Lytton, Pater, and Haggard" shows
that the recovery, analysis, and interpretation of material history was a model for investigating, re-creating, and
reinventing the past in Thomas Carlyle's "Past and Present" (1843), Walter Scott's "The Antiquary" (1816), Edward Bulwer-Lytton's "The Last Days of Pompeii" (1834), Walter Pater's "The Renaissance" (1873) and "Greek Studies" (1895), and H. Rider Haggard's "She". (1887). Through the self-conscious use of archaeological language
and methodology, the authors of these fictional and nonfiction texts composed what I term "narratives of continuity," in which the retrieval of artifacts is a tangible means of drawing connections between past and present. These narratives illustrate teleological interpretations of history
espoused by archaeologists, who themselves sought prefigurements of modern culture as they studied archaeological records. This thesis in part examines philosophic, scientific, and political thought underlying the penchant in these texts to link past and present as a means of sustaining historical identity and thereby validating present
institutions. To the Victorians, archaeology was an authenticating medium for the material consolidation of tradition.
The archaeological themes and language in these texts have a counterpart in their form. Devices such as editorial
"framing" and narrative "stratification" contribute to the sense of text as archaeological site. These texts are "sites"
for the recovery and substantiation of the past. They also chart developments in archaeology over the course of the
nineteenth century. The archaeological trope evolves with archaeology's maturation from amateur antiquarianism (reflected in Scott's 1816 novel The Antiquary) to the first glimpses of professional and scientific archaeology at the end of the century depicted in Haggard's "She" (1887).
Narratives of continuity, moreover, emanate from several fields of Victorian archaeology. The writings of Carlyle, Scott,
Bulwer-Lytton, Pater, and Haggard depict a range of archaeological activity spanning domestic excavation to foreign archaeology in the Middle East, Egypt, Greece, Italy,
and South Africa.
27
Naude, Dean Charles. "Impact of the Turn Table Trust Working for Water Project on fuelwood supply and household income of the rural Bulwer community." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4706.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of the post-apartheid era and under the new Government of National Unity, the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was initiated in 1994. To assist in the realisation of the goals of this programme the macro-economic strategy, Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR), was implemented in 1996. It was within these frameworks that the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) launched its Working for Water (WFW) programme in October 1995. This programme was based on three pillars, namely: enhancing water supply and water security; creating jobs, building communities and improving quality of life and; conserving ecological functioning and biological diversity. Since October 1995 the Working for Water Programme has created 42 059 jobs, 220 884 hectares have been cleared with follow-up clearing in 55 731 hectares as part of the programme strategy to enhance water supply. Investment has been made in 240 projects, with a budget of R365 147 259 as at 31 March 1998. The impact of the Turn Table Trust WFW Project, a sub-project of the Central
Umkomaas WFW Project, was examined in terms of fuelwood supply and household income of three small rural communities, namely: Xosheyakhe, Intabamakhaba and Mkhohlwa, referred to in this dissertation as the Rural Bulwer community. The research was carried out by means of questionnaire interviews and a workshop held at the Pholela Tribal court.
The results of this study indicate that the Bulwer community depend on four energy types, in order of importance; wood, paraffin, dung and electricity. Many of the households perceive that, since the Turn Table Trust WFW Project began in the area in November 1995, there is less wood available and trees which are used for fuelwood are being cleared. Certain areas have felt the impacts of the clearingprogramme. People who have access to electricity still rely on fuelwood as they can not afford to use electricity exclusively. Indigenous forests are important as a source of fuelwood and for the harvesting of medicinal plants. The indigenous forests could be put under severe stress if wattle becomes unavailable forfuelwood purposes. The impact of the Turn Table Trust WFW Project on the fuelwood supply of the Bulwer community is small at present, but likely to increase. Households that have members employed by the Project, rely on this income to cover most household expenses. These households struggle to survive if or when employment by the Turn Table Trust WFW Project is periodically terminated. The businesses in Bulwer have also come to rely on the income earned by those employed by the Project. The Working for Water programme has far reaching implications for a local
community and its surrounds and these need to be taken into account when both beginning and, importantly, ending a project in an area.<br>Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.