Dissertations / Theses: 'Buml'

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Sharma, Navin K. "Pathogenicity of Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. on papaya in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305628.

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Bull, Leonard. "Charakterisierung des 95-kDa-Spermienadhäsions-Proteins." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2004/bull/bull.pdf.

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Staples, David Franklin. "Viable population monitoring risk-based population monitoring for threatened and endangered species with application to bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus /." Diss., Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/staples/StaplesD0506.pdf.

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Buil-Aranda, Carlos, Axel Polleres, and Jürgen Umbrich. "Strategies for executing federated queries in SPARQL1.1." Springer International Publishing AG, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5806/1/buil%2Detal%2D2014iswc.pdf.

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A common way for exposing RDF data on the Web is by means of SPARQL endpoints which allow end users and applications to query just the RDF data they want. However, servers hosting SPARQL endpoints often restrict access to the data by limiting the amount of results returned per query or the amount of queries per time that a client may issue. As this may affect query completeness when using SPARQL1.1's federated query extension, we analysed different strategies to implement federated queries with the goal to circumvent endpoint limits. We show that some seemingly intuitive methods for decomposing federated queries provide unsound results in the general case, and provide fixes or discuss under which restrictions these recipes are still applicable. Finally, we evaluate the proposed strategies for checking their feasibility in practice.

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Zhang, Canhong. "Tools for multivariate bump hunting /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Jansari, Ashok Surendra. "The reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260901.

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The reminiscence bump is a phenomenon whereby older subjects recall a disproportionately large number of autobiographical memories from the period of adolescence. Chapter 1 provides a background to the field of autobiographical memory and Chapters 2 and 3 evaluated a claim that this was due to self-definition occuring during this period which biases subsequent recall; however the results were not conclusive. Chapter 4 showed that a reason for the lack of a bump in younger subjects' recall could be an over-reliance on recent memories - blocking this produced a reminiscence bump in their recall. Chapter 5 explored the idea that preferential recall of memories from an earlier point in life was simply due to a sampling bias but found that early memories are consistently recalled more quickly than subsequent memories and also that there is a large proportion of first-time or unique memories in this period suggesting a long-term "primacy" effect. Chapters 6 and 7 attempted to see if autobiographical recall consisted of a U-shaped curve encompassing this primacy as well as an advantage for recent memories at the expense of mid-life memories. The results showed that early and very recent memories are consistently recalled more rapidly and with greater detail implying that the underlying representations themselves are strongerChapters 8 and 9 were case studies on two patients, one diagnosed as a Korsakoff and the other as suffering from "Focal Retrograde Amnesia". These two studies used the paradigms and findings from the work on normals in an attempt to explain the patterns of recall that are classically associated with these disorders. Finally, Chapter 10 assimilates the work both with normals and with the amnesic patients and attempts to explain the findings using a number of models concerning the organisation of normal memory

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McGinley, Susan. "Determining Bull Fertility: A Faster Test." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622171.

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Daly, Ryan. "Feeding ecology, residency patterns and migration dynamics of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the southwest Indian Ocean." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017802.

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Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) are globally distributed top predators that play an important ecological role within coastal marine communities. However, little is known about how the spatial and temporal scales of their habitat use are associated with their ecological role. In this study, a population of sub-adult and adult bull sharks were investigated within a remote subtropical marine community in the southwest Indian Ocean off the coast of southern Mozambique. The main objectives of the study were to test a minimally invasive remote biopsy sampling method; to investigate the feeding ecology of bull sharks; and to investigate the temporal and spatial scales of bull shark residency patterns and migration dynamics. Biopsy tests on free-swimming bull sharks showed that the devised sampling technique provided a minimally invasive and consistent method (biopsy retention rate = 87%) to obtain muscle tissue samples sufficiently large enough (310±78mg, mean ± SD) for stable isotope analysis. Results from the stable isotope analysis showed that adult bull sharks appeared to exhibit a shift towards consistentlyhigher trophic level prey from an expanded foraging range compared to sub-adults, possibly due to increased mobility linked with size. Additionally, bull sharks had significantly broader niche widths compared to top predatory teleost assemblages with a wide and enriched range of δ13C values relative to the local marine community, suggesting that they forage over broad spatial scales along the east coast of southern Africa. Results from the passive acoustic telemetry investigation, conducted over a period between 10 and 22 months, supported these findings showing that the majority of tagged adult sharksexhibited temporally and spatially variable residency patterns interspersed with migration events. Ten individuals undertook coastal migrations that ranged between 433 and 709km (mean = 533km) with eight of these sharks returning to the study site. During migration, individuals exhibited rates of movement between 2 and 59km.d-1 (mean = 17.58km.d-1) and were recorded travelling annual distances of between 450 and 3760km (mean = 1163km). These findings suggest that adult bull sharks are not the sedentary species once thought to be but rather, consistently move over broad spatial scales on the east coast of southern Africa and play an important predatory role shaping and linking ecological processes within the southwest Indian Ocean.

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Lombnaes, Andreas G. "Natur, subjekt, språk : lesninger i Olaf Bulls forfatterskap /." Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41079277c.

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Aspenberg, Anna, and Jenny Järnland. "Bull´s Eye? : Träffsäkerheten i analytikers prognoser." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2520.

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Background: An evaluation of analysts´ forecasting ability is interesting since their estimates constitute an important part in stock valuation and investment decisions. The recent years´ development in the stock market has lead to criticism of analysts’ deficient forecasts.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate analysts´ forecasting ability concerning companies quoted at Stockholmsbörsen between 1987 and 2002. We also intend to discuss possible explanations for analysts’ behavior in case of deficient accuracy.

Method: Regression analysis is used to compare consensus estimates of earnings per share to actual earnings per share. We attempt to investigate the existence of a relation between forecasting ability and forecast horizon, the volatility at Stockholmsbörsen and the industry in which the firm operates. Behavioral finance and economic incentives is used to discuss the most convincing explanations to analysts´ behavior in cases of deficient accuracy.

Result: The study indicates over optimistic forecasts and overreaction to earnings information. Analysts tend to give more accurate forecasts closer to earnings announcement. We believe that herding, economic incentives and the fact that analysts get information from the company explains a significant part of analysts’ behavior. In addition, the study shows a possible relation between more accurate forecasts and lower volatility. Concerning industries we find stronger overreaction in healthcare and heavy industry. The study shows the most exceptional optimism in consumer goods/services and IT/telecom.

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Buhl, Johannes [Verfasser]. "Umformverhalten und Grenzen von Schichtverbundwerkstoffen / Johannes Buhl." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053903286/34.

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Obšivačová, Ivana. "Finanční analýza RED BULL Česká republika, s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193267.

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This thesis is focused on financial analysis of Red Bull Česká republika, s.r.o.. First part of the thesis covers theory of financial analysis, goals, resources and users of financial analysis. There are also techniques of financial analysis described in this part. Afterwards the company Red Bull Česká republika, s.r.o. and its activities are covered. Practical part of the thesis contains analysis of financial statements of the company from 2010 to 2014. This part is focused on horizontal and vertical analysis and also analysis of ratios from categories profitability, activity, liquidity and solvency. Closing chapter covers the summary of findings of the financial analysis.

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Syrovátková, Anežka. "Analýza komunikační strategie společnosti Red Bull ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262000.

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In my thesis I focused on the analysis of communication strategy of Red Bull Czech Republic, specifically on advertising, communication at the point of sale, public relations and media communications, opinion leaders program, event marketing and digital communications. I started from global communication strategy represented by Red Bull Media House and I have examined, how this strategy is implemented at local level. For this analysis, it was also necessary to analyze market of energy drinks in the Czech Republic, as it stands under the category of soft drinks and what position takes Red Bull. Based on these analyzes, I evaluated pros, cons and suggested possible improvements.

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Yeshitela, Tizita. "Flip-chip bonding by electroplated indium bump." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27178.

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In hybrid pixel detector fabrication, high-density interconnection between focal plane array and the read-out integrated circuit is important. Bump bonding is the preferable assembly method, it is small in size, low cost, high performance and flexible I/O. Flip-chip bonding is a vertical connection technique of focal plane array and top substrate with solder bumps. In this paper, Flip-chip bonding by electroplated indium bumps is described. There are advantages of using indium as the solder material. It is relatively inexpensive, it has good thermal and electrical conductivity, it is ductile, and it is cryogenically stable. Indium bumps with a diameter of 30 µm are successfully prepared by an electroplating method, however removing indium conductive layer after electrodeposition is challenging. The corresponding electroplating indium bump process is also discussed. Electrical measurement was applied to detect the connection integrity of the flip-chip assemblies.

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Jittinorasett, Suwanna. "UBM Formation on Single Die/Dice for Flip Chip Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34792.

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This thesis presents the low cost process for UBM formation on aluminum pads of single die/dice for Flip Chip applications. The UBM (Under Bump Metallurgy) is required in solder bump structure to provide adhesion/diffusion barrier layer, solder wettable layer, and oxidation barrier layer between the bonding pads of the die and the bumps. Typically, UBM is deposited on the whole wafers by sputtering, evaporation, or electroless plating. These deposition techniques are not practical for UBM formation on single die/dice, thus preventing Flip Chip technology to be applied in applications where the whole wafers are not available. The process presented in this thesis has been developed to overcome this problem. The developed UBM formation process allows the UBM layer to be deposited on a single die, thus eliminating the requirement to have the whole wafer in the deposition process. With the combination of the UBM formation process developed in this work and a suitable bump formation technique, solder bumping on a single die can be achieved, thus making Flip Chip technology available for use in low volume applications and prototyping stages. The developed UBM formation process consists of two major steps; temporary die attach process and UBM deposition process. The first process is developed using thermoplastic adhesive film. The second process is developed using electroless nickel plating, followed by gold immersion. It has been demonstrated in this thesis that the developed process can be used to form the UBM layer on the die successfully regardless of the die size and the complexity of the die pattern, and that this process does not damage nor affect electrically the sensitive die.
Master of Science

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Moyer, Robert Simms. "The morphological development of a wood burl shader." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/334.

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In the field of computer graphics, shaders provide an interface between lights and surfaces, giving the appearance of metal, plastic, wood, etc. As the field progresses, more and more shaders are required to simulate a wider and wider variety of materials. We present a new shader for the simulation of wood burl, a complex material used in furniture, art, car interiors, and a host of other luxury items. This shader was developed through a morphological approach - a study of the original material, its structure, and growth. Consequently, research began with a thorough look at wood burl, polished and unpolished, in an assortment of different species. We discovered the appearance can be broken into three sub-appearances - knots, curl, and a subtle undergrain. These three sub-appearances interact to create the characteristic swirls and whorls of burl. For the subtle undergrain, we used a common oak shader, added noise, and faded it into the background. We then developed a system of randomly placing points through the material to act as knots. Since the knots grow and distort the surrounding grain, we used distance-scaled forces to push the surface coordinates around and between all the knots. When the oak shader is applied, it appears to swirl and curl around the knots, much like a stream between rocks. This created the first level of curl or swirly grained wood, but one level alone appeared flat. To solve this, we procedurally blended levels of curl to give a look of increased depth. Finally, we added reflection, gloss, and other surface properties to give a look of warmth and polish. All of these properties are controlled by a set of parameters in the shader's interface. By adjusting these parameters, the user can emulate a variety of different burl types.

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Ristiniemi, Matias. "Red Bull, Fest eller studier? : Attitydundersökning bland studenter." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6243.

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Mitt intresse för denna uppsats bottnar i att jag arbetar som Student Brand Manager på Red Bull. Det innebär att jag arbetar med företagets försäljning och marknadsföring i den studentrelaterade verksamheten. Syftet för denna studie är att se på hur Red Bull kan åstadkomma en mer studierelaterad koppling till sin energidryck. Med andra ord se på hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt att få studenter att konsumera mer av drycken när de studerar. Detta är av intresse då Red Bull själva anser att dryckens egenskaper är passande till just detta tillfälle. För att kunna svara på uppsatsens syfte har jag genomfört en kvantitativ enkätundersökning bland 240 studenter vid Uppsala Universitet. Svaren har jag sedan transkriberat och grundat min empiri på. Tillsammans med det teoretiska kapitlet ligger undersökningen sedan som grund för analysen. I teorin tar jag min utgångspunkt utifrån Consumer behaviour och då närmare bestämt ur området gällande attityder. Jag delar upp attityder i mindre komponenter som den affektiva, den kognitiva och den beteendemässiga komponenten. Detta för att skapa mig en djupare insikt i olika attityder. Jag tittar därefter närmare på olika möjligheter till att påverka attityder via kommunikation. Jag avslutar det teoretiska resonemanget med att se på kommunikationen i sig genom de olika delar som detta bygger på, så som sändare, budskap och mottagare med mera. Dessa kopplar jag sedan ihop och skapar mig en översikt över olika möjliga kommunikationsmodeller, strategier. Studiens empiri och teori mynnar sedan ut i studiens analys och slutsats. Studenternas starka koppling av Red Bull som en festdryck är något som det förs många resonemang kring i analysen och sammanfattningsvis resulterar uppsatsens slutsats i att studenter, överlägset i första hand, konsumerar Red Bull under fest. Dessvärre konsumerar bara en bråkdel av alla de tillfrågade Red Bull när de studerar. För att sprida användningsområdet för drycken så visar jag på olika tillvägagångssätt, spokespersoner och PR aktiviteter, för hur det ska vara möjligt för varumärket att skapa en starkare studierelaterad koppling mellan Red Bull och studenter.

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Richards, Keith Owen. "The Red Bull as community theatre in Clerkenwell." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37230.pdf.

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Shadwick, Mark. "An investigation of the MLC beef bull index." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386691.

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Kobzová, Lucie. "Návrh na zlepšení marketingového řízení firmy Red bull." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376774.

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My master’s thesis from marketing area is focused on marketing management of Red Bull Company, which is world leading energy drink producer. My work should improve marketing management of the firm and suggest new ways of marketing communication, the way of addressing consumers and non-consumers of Red Bull energy drink. The results of this master’s thesis will be suggested to the management of Red Bull Company for implementation into praxis.

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McGinley, Susan, and Kingdon Lorraine. "Improving Dairy Bull Selection: Genetic Markers Reduce Guesswork." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622278.

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Warnock, Will G., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Molecular tools reveal hierarchical structure and patterns of migration and gene flow in bull trout (Salvelinus Confluentus) populations of south-western Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/740.

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Bull trout are a species of fish native to the coldwater mountain streams of Alberta. Because this species is of special conservation concern and displays finely dissected population structure, it is well suited as a model species to test the utility of versatile conservation genetics tools. One such tool, a genetic clustering method, was used to discern the hierarchical population structure of bull trout in the core of their range in South-West Alberta. The method also revealed patterns of gene flow by way of assignment tests. Populations defined by this method were then used as reference populations for mixed-migrant assignment tests, revealing that clustering method-defined populations may be more suitable for such tests rather than traditional approaches that define reference populations by sampling location. Combined with spatial data a posteriori, assignment tests had additional utility of discerning spatial scale of movement for juvenile and adult salmonids. This technique provided further evidence that assignment tests may be powerful indirect tools for evaluating migration, and that longrange inter-stream dispersal in juvenile salmonid fish may be more common than previously assumed.
xi, 174 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. --

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Eidvall, Johan, and Rikard Arodén. "Vad gör ett varumärke som Red Bull unikt för konsumenten?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156202.

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Denna uppsats ämnar utreda vad det är som gör att Red Bulls konsumenter uppfattar Red Bull som unikt i jämförelse med andra energidrycker. Red Bull är idag marknadsledande i Sverige inom energidryckesmarknaden. De har en marknadsandel på 31 procent samtidigt som de har ett pris-premium på sina produkter. För att utreda Red Bulls unicitet har uppsatsen utgått från en teoretisk modell beståendes av fyra påverkande faktorer som alla bidrar till uppfattad unicitet. Dessa faktorer är uppfattad kvalité av varumärket, medvetenhet om varumärket, associationer till varumärket och lojalitet till varumärket. Med hjälp av en kvantitativ undersökning som genomförts med konsumenter till Red Bull kunde det konstateras att den avgörande faktorn till Red Bulls unicitet var konsumenternas medvetenhet om Red Bulls varumärke. En starkt bidragande orsak till den höga medvetenheten är förmodligen att Red Bull väljer att lägga 40 procent av sina intäkter på marknadsföring och med hjälp av denna strategi skapat sig en unik ställning på den svenska energidryckesmarknaden.

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Groft, Donald G., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "DNA fingerprinting of Alberta bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 1997, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/80.

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Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations from Alberta river drainage systems were compared using molecular techniques. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) within the NDI and ND5/6 regions of the mitochondrial genome were observed. In addition, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles (RAPD's) from total genomic DNA extracts were compared. Interdrainage comparisons using mtDNA revealed significant population heterogeneity among Alberta bull trout. Percent sequence divergence in mtDNA ranged from 0.14% to 0.92%. Most fish in each population were composed of a small number of common haplotypes, and the remaining fish displayed rare or locally unique haplotypes. RAPD profiles were used to calculate genetic distance values for Alberta, Canada and Montana, U.S.A. populations. Both Nei and Cavalli-Sforza distance values were used to generate neighbor-joining, FITCH and KITSCH distance trees. Two genetically distinct groups of bull trout were revealed by the RAPD analysis and the possiblity that post-glacial bull trout populations are derived from two separate refugia is suggested.
xvii, 161 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

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Groft, Donald G. "DNA fingerprinting of Alberta bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38445.pdf.

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Manku, Ranjit. "Achene variation in bull thistle, Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39853.pdf.

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Sarnack-Alley, William Joseph 1954. "The electrical properties and reliability of solder bump interconnections." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278310.

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The electrical properties (resistance, capacitance, and inductance) of spherical solder bumps are computed. The solder bump is modeled using a finite, lossless transmission line model. The resistive, capacitive, and inductive effects are calculated separately then combined using superposition. The transmission line impedance for a 300 μm solder bump is calculated and the effect on a 100 nsec rise time signal is computed. Several methods to calculate fatigue lifetime are examined then related to reliability and design parameters. Methods to improve reliability are examined and their impact on electrical performance discussed.

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Seissl, Stephan. "Processing of New Information in Bull and Bear Markets." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01666189002/$FILE/01666189002.pdf.

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O'Leary, Caroline Ann. "Inherited renal and cardiac disease in the bull terrier /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16727.pdf.

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Mendes, Fernando Henrique de Paula e. Silva. "Evidências de Bull e Bear Market no índice Bovespa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107476.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Florianópolis, 2013.
Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-06T00:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 320599.pdf: 867037 bytes, checksum: a5c7fe6c45481ad787cb2ef986671426 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar tendências de alta e de baixa no índice Bovespa através de modelos de mudança de regime markoviano que incorporam dependência de duração. Conforme evidenciado pela literatura,os resultados mostraram um regime de retorno positivo e baixa volatilidade e outro com alta volatilidade e retorno negativo. Nestes modelos a probabilidade de transição não é só função do regime atual como também do número de períodos em que o processo se encontra em determinado estado. A parametrização proposta revelou que a probabilidade de troca de regime diminui com a persistência do mercado de alta e de baixa. A análise das probabilidades suavizadas destaca que as especificações captaram os principais episódios de instabilidade na bolsa brasileira.Por fim, os modelos propostos são usados na construção de uma estratégia de investimento.

Abstract : This study proposes to identify Bull and Bear Market for the Brazilianstock market using a markov switching model that incorporates durationdependence. Following the existing literature, the model sorts returnsinto a high return stable state and a low return volatile state, whichare labeled as Bull and Bear Market. In these models the transitionprobabilities are functions of both the inferred current state and alsothe number of periods that the process has been in that state. The parameterizationshowed that the probability of switching out of the statesdeclines with duration in that state. The smoothed probabilities highlightedthe major instabilities phases at Brazilian stock market. Finally,the proposed models are used in order to develop an investment strategy.

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Sjödin, Saron Anteneh. "Indium Bump Fabrication using Electroplating for Flip Chip Bonding." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27939.

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Hybrid pixel detectors are widely used in many fields, including military, environment, industry and medical treatment. When integrating such a detector, a vertical connection technique called flip-chip bonding is almost the only way to realize the high-density interconnection between each pixel detector to the read-out chip. Such bonding can offer high-density I/O and a short interconnect distance, which can make the resulting device show excellent performance. Electro deposition is a promising approach to enable a low cost and high yield bump bonding process, compared with conventional sputtering or evaporation which is currently utilized for small-scale production. Due to that, Indium bumping process using electroplating is selected, as a result of which indium bump arrays with a pitch of 220 μm and a diameter of 30 μm have been fabricated using a standard silicon wafer processing. UBM (under bump metallization) for indium bumping was Ti/Ni (300 Å/ 2000 Å). It helps to increase adhesion between the wafer and the bumps and also serves as an excellent diffusion barrier both at room temperature and at 200°C. The indium is electroplated, using an indium sulfamate plating bath, and then formed into bumps through a reflow process. The reflow is made on a 200°C hot plate with a continuous flow of nitrogen over the wafer. During the reflow the indium is melted and forms into bumps due to surface tension. All the corresponding procedural processing steps and results are incorporated in this paper.

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YANAGISAWA, Tamio, and 民雄柳沢. "Abkhaz Text (5) －The Boy brought Up by a Bull－." 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10922.

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Bowerman, Tracy. "A Multi-Scale Investigation of Factors Limiting Bull Trout Viability." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1524.

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Effective conservation strategies for imperiled species require an understanding of processes that influence fitness throughout the organism's life cycle and across the range of habitats needed to complete that cycle. I evaluated factors that affect population viability of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus, a threatened freshwater char species, throughout individual life stages and over the entire life cycle. I assessed the relationship between bull trout egg incubation success and environmental variables. Egg survival was negatively related to the percent of fine sediment in redds and positively related to hydraulic conductivity and the strength of downwelling. Next, I quantified juvenile bull trout survival rates and described movement patterns for this life stage. Juvenile bull trout emigrated from natal headwaters into larger rivers throughout the entire year and across a range of sizes. Estimates of juvenile survival rates improved dramatically when emigration was incorporated into the analysis. I integrated my observations of bull trout survival, growth, and movement to create a life-cycle model, which I used to better understand how populations respond to changes in specific demographic rates. Bull trout populations were particularly sensitive to changes in juvenile growth and survival. The relative effect of changes to fertility rates and adult survival varied depending upon whether a population was composed primarily of large, migratory, or smaller, resident individuals. Dispersal helped to lower the probability of extinction for small or declining populations when neighboring populations were stable. My research demonstrates that bull trout require access to habitats throughout entire watersheds to maintain population viability. My results suggest that limiting anthropogenic sources of fine sediment and maintaining areas of channel complexity that promote downwelling can be important for bull trout embryo survival. Management decisions should also consider the diverse behavior of juvenile bull trout and the wide range of habitat they use. Additionally, connectivity between populations is likely to be important for declining populations to persist. The diversity of life-history strategies expressed by bull trout helps maintain demographic stability within and among populations. As such, preservation of habitat integrity and full life-history diversity is imperative for conservation and recovery of bull trout populations range-wide.

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Bowerman, Tracy E. "A multi-scale investigation of factors limiting bull trout viability." Thesis, Utah State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3560810.

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Effective conservation strategies for imperiled species require an understanding of processes that influence fitness throughout the organism's life cycle and across the range of habitats needed to complete that cycle. I evaluated factors that affect population viability of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus, a threatened freshwater char species, throughout individual life stages and over the entire life cycle.

I assessed the relationship between bull trout egg incubation success and environmental variables. Egg survival was negatively related to the percent of fine sediment in redds and positively related to hydraulic conductivity and the strength of downwelling. Next, I quantified juvenile bull trout survival rates and described movement patterns for this life stage. Juvenile bull trout emigrated from natal headwaters into larger rivers throughout the entire year and across a range of sizes. Estimates of juvenile survival rates improved dramatically when emigration was incorporated into the analysis.

I integrated my observations of bull trout survival, growth, and movement to create a life-cycle model, which I used to better understand how populations respond to changes in specific demographic rates. Bull trout populations were particularly sensitive to changes in juvenile growth and survival. The relative effect of changes to fertility rates and adult survival varied depending upon whether a population was composed primarily of large, migratory, or smaller, resident individuals. Dispersal helped to lower the probability of extinction for small or declining populations when neighboring populations were stable.

My research demonstrates that bull trout require access to habitats throughout entire watersheds to maintain population viability. My results suggest that limiting anthropogenic sources of fine sediment and maintaining areas of channel complexity that promote downwelling can be important for bull trout embryo survival. Management decisions should also consider the diverse behavior of juvenile bull trout and the wide range of habitat they use. Additionally, connectivity between populations is likely to be important for declining populations to persist. The diversity of life-history strategies expressed by bull trout helps maintain demographic stability within and among populations. As such, preservation of habitat integrity and full life-history diversity is imperative for conservation and recovery of bull trout populations range-wide.

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YANAGISAWA, TAMIO, and 民雄柳沢. "Abkhaz Text (3) - The Boy Brougtht Up by a Bull -." 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7837.

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YANAGISAWA, Tamio, and 民雄柳沢. "Abkhaz Text (4) －The Boy brought Up by a Bull－." 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10112.

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37

Prieto, Martínez Noelia. "Aquaporins in boar and bull spermatozoa: identification and functional implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405771.

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Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins involved in the transport of water and some other solutes across plasma membranes. The fact that mammalian spermatozoa are highly permeable to water suggests the presence of these proteins. Taking into account that AQPs have been poorly studied in male germ cells, the present Thesis Dissertation is focused on the study of the presence, localisation and function of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 in the sperm of two major livestock species (porcine and bovine). On the one hand, this Thesis has demonstrated that these three proteins are found in different regions (head, neck or tail) of the ejaculated sperm in both species. On the other hand, this Dissertation has determined the relationship of the relative abundance of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 with sperm cryotolerance and in vitro fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed sperm. Following this, AQP3 and AQP7 have been found to be freezability markers in boar sperm, whereas AQP7 and AQP11 have been indentified to be crucial for bull sperm cryotolerance. Altogether, these results contribute to increase our knowledge about the function of these proteins in mammalian sperm and may also allow the selection of those fresh ejaculates that exhibit higher sperm cryotolerance.
Les aquaporines són proteïnes relacionades amb el transport d’aigua i altres soluts a través de les membranes plasmàtiques. El fet que l’espermatozoide madur de mamífer sigui una cèl·lula altament permeable a l’aigua suggereix la presència d’aquestes proteïnes. Tenint en compte que les aquaporines s’han estudiat més aviat poc en les cèl·lules germinals masculines, aquesta Tesi Doctoral s’ha centrat en l’estudi de la presència, localització i funció de les aquaporines 3, 7 i 11 en els espermatozoides de dues espècies d’interès productiu (porcina i bovina). D’una banda, aquest estudi ha demostrat que aquestes tres proteïnes es troben en diferents regions (cap, coll o cua) dels espermatozoides d’ambdues espècies. D’altra banda, aquesta Tesi també ha determinat que hi ha una relació entre la quantitat relativa d’aquestes proteïnes, la criotolerància de les ejaculacions i la capacitat fecundant in vitro després de la descongelació, de tal manera que es pot considerar que les AQP3 i AQP7 són marcadors de congelabilitat de l’esperma porcí i les AQP7 i AQP11 ho són de l’esperma boví. En conjunt, tots aquests resultats contribueixen a incrementar el nostre coneixement sobre el paper d’aquestes proteïnes en els espermatozoides de mamífer i permeten una millor selecció de les ejaculacions prèvia a la seva conservació.

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Seo, Jeong Bok. "The bump at the end of the bridge: an investigation." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1583.

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A number of recently constructed bridge approach slabs using an articulation at mid span and the wide flange terminal anchorage system have experienced settlement at their expansion joints. This problem is more commonly referred to as the bump at the end of the bridge. This study investigated reasons for the bumps and recommended ways to improve the current situation. To find out possible causes of the bridge approach slab problem, literature review, questionnaire survey, and a visual inspection for 18 Houston sites were conducted. Based on the results, two bridge sites in Houston, Texas, were selected for detailed investigation. An extensive series of laboratory and field tests were performed at each site. The main causes of bump at two study sites were compression of embankment soil and natural soil, and poor compaction of embankment soil. The finite-element computer program ABAQUS was used to evaluate behavior of the current approach slab design and of a possibly more effective design. The results show that the transition zone is about 12 m with 80 percent of the maximum settlement

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39

Rufibach, Kaspar. "Log-concave density estimation and bump hunting for i.i.d. observations /." Bern : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/06rufibach_k.pdf.

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Bertolini, Daniele. "Comparison of EEG signals from epilepsy patients with Bump modeling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5067/.

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Background: l’epilessia è una malattia cerebrale che colpisce oggigiorno circa l’1% della popolazione mondiale e causa, a chi ne soffre, convulsioni ricorrenti e improvvise che danneggiano la vita quotidiana del paziente. Le convulsioni sono degli eventi che bloccano istantaneamente la normale attività cerebrale; inoltre differiscono tra i pazienti e, perciò, non esiste un trattamento comune generalizzato. Solitamente, medici neurologi somministrano farmaci, e, in rari casi, l’epilessia è trattata con operazioni neurochirurgiche. Tuttavia, le operazioni hanno effetti positivi nel ridurre le crisi, ma raramente riescono a eliminarle del tutto. Negli ultimi anni, nel campo della ricerca scientifica è stato provato che il segnale EEG contiene informazioni utili per diagnosticare l'arrivo di un attacco epilettico. Inoltre, diversi algoritmi automatici sono stati sviluppati per rilevare automaticamente le crisi epilettiche. Scopo: lo scopo finale di questa ricerca è l'applicabilità e l'affidabilità di un dispositivo automatico portatile in grado di rilevare le convulsioni e utilizzabile come sistema di monitoraggio. L’analisi condotta in questo progetto, è eseguita con tecniche di misure classiche e avanzate, in modo tale da provare tecnicamente l’affidabilità di un tale sistema. La comparazione è stata eseguita sui segnali elettroencefalografici utilizzando due diversi sistemi di acquisizione EEG: il metodo standard utilizzato nelle cliniche e il nuovo dispositivo portatile. Metodi: è necessaria una solida validazione dei segnali EEG registrati con il nuovo dispositivo. I segnali saranno trattati con tecniche classiche e avanzate. Dopo le operazioni di pulizia e allineamento, verrà utilizzato un nuovo metodo di rappresentazione e confronto di segnali : Bump model. In questa tesi il metodo citato verrà ampiamente descritto, testato, validato e adattato alle esigenze del progetto. Questo modello è definito come un approccio economico per la mappatura spazio-frequenziale di wavelet; in particolare, saranno presenti solo gli eventi con un’alta quantità di energia. Risultati: il modello Bump è stato implementato come toolbox su MATLAB dallo sviluppatore F. Vialatte, e migliorato dall’Autore per l’utilizzo di registrazioni EEG da sistemi diversi. Il metodo è validato con segnali artificiali al fine di garantire l’affidabilità, inoltre, è utilizzato su segnali EEG processati e allineati, che contengono eventi epilettici. Questo serve per rilevare la somiglianza dei due sistemi di acquisizione. Conclusioni: i risultati visivi garantiscono la somiglianza tra i due sistemi, questa differenza la si può notare specialmente comparando i grafici di attività background EEG e quelli di artefatti o eventi epilettici. Bump model è uno strumento affidabile per questa applicazione, e potrebbe essere utilizzato anche per lavori futuri (ad esempio utilizzare il metodo di Sincronicità Eventi Stocas- tici SES) o differenti applicazioni, così come le informazioni estratte dai Bump model potrebbero servire come input per misure di sincronicità, dalle quali estrarre utili risultati.

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Campoli, A. A. "Bump control design protocol for room-and-pillar retreat mining /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-144809/.

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Lerner, Mitchell Brian. "The lonely bull : the Pueblo incident and American foreign policy /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Lee, Chun-Te, and 李俊德. "Studies on The Bump Hardness Performance for Au Bump Replaced by CuNiAu Bump." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h5uy7n.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
102
For the requirement on the higher hardness spec and price drop by panel house, the material applied for package is important, In other words, the kind of bump not only reduces the material cost on package, but also performs harder to reduce the bonding force. The purpose of this point is that how the CuNiAu bump replaces Au bump. Besides lowering the cost of package obviously, it also keeps the same characteristic of Au bump and raises bump hardness which is to release the bonding force and stabilize bonding process. In order to confirm hardness performance of CuNiAu bump. There are 3 kinds of collocation for applying the different thickness. DOE plan is to respectively choose 2 kinds of thickness in Cu/Ni/Au metal and then mix 3 anneal conditions. After experiment is completed, bump hardness performance under different combinations will be confirmed by measuring hardness before/after anneal process. Additionally, bump performance is also confirmed by the reliability test. Actually, the authors have finished the Tech evaluation on higher hardness spec.

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Lin, Chien-Tai, and 林建泰. "Investigations on Flip Chip Solder Bump and Under Bump Metal." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69863201748334421890.

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博士
國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
92
Interactions between under bump metal and solder will affect the material property of solder bump. Therefore, the design and manufacturing of the UBM and solder bump should be conducted carefully. Amorphous Cu1-xTax and a new structure of under bump metal (Si/Ta/Cu1-xTax/Cu/Cu1-xTax/Cu/Solder) for flip chip were investigated. The investigation was also performed for the adhesive layers, diffusion barrier layers and wetting layers. Reliabilities of this new packaging structure were tested for different Pb content solders. Amorphous Cu1-xTax films were prepared by multi-targets sputtering depositions and were considered to be adhesive layers and diffusion barrier. The incorporation of Cu will greatly decrease the resistivity of Cu1-xTax. However, Cu3Si and TaSi2 were formed at the interface of Si/Cu1-xTax in the as-sputtered deposits. The adhesive strengths within the Si/Cu1-xTax/Cu were all above 6 kpsi for x=72~100. Annealing results in the growth of Cu3Si grains that degrades the characters of diffusion barrier. But the Cu1-xTax (x=87~100) is still effective as a diffusion barrier. Current densitiy and deposition time were the main factors investigated in the Cu electroplating process. The correlation between surface morphology, microstructure, electrical property of Cu plating and the experimental parameters were discussed. Sheet resistance and resistivity of the Cu plating will decrease with the increase of the Cu layer thickness. The surface roughness might not be the dominate parameter but the density of nodule boundary in the porous films would affect the electrical reisitivity of the electroplating Cu. The surface morphology of nodules affected by increasing deposition time and decreasing current density will enhance the XRD (111)/(200) peak intensity ratio and decrease sheet resistance and resistivity of electroplated Cu. Surface roughness of Cu layers and flux daubing methods of 63Sn-37Pn and Pb-free solders were investigated to understand the wetting behavior. The wetting behavior of de-ionized water was also investigated for reference. The contact angle of the de-ionized water drop decreased with the increase of Cu layer surface roughness. Daubing flux on both solder ball and Cu layer was beneficial to the cleaning of oxide and lower the contact angle. Contact angles of solders on Cu plating also decrease with the increase of Cu layer surface roughness. The Solid/Liquid and Solid/Solid interfacial interactions within Si/Ta/Cu1-xTax/Cu/Cu1-xTax/Cu/Sn-Pb multilayer and the shear strength of the solder bump were analyzed. After a reflow, the scallop-shape Cu6Sn5 IMC (Intermetallic Compound) was formed at the interface of Cu/63Sn-37Pb, and the layer-type Cu3Sn IMC was formed at the interface of Cu/95Pb-5Sn . With the increase in reflow time, the thickness of these two IMCs increased. After aging, the scallop-shape Cu6Sn5 IMCs near solders transformed into layer-type morphology, and that away from solders transformed into Cu3Sn. The thickness of the whole IMC layer increases with the aging time. However, the thickness of the Cu3Sn formed in Cu/95Pb-5Sn did not change with the increase in aging time. The shear fracture always happened within the solders (63Sn-37Pb and 95Pb-5Sn), and the shear strength is only determined by the solder. After multi-reflows, the shear strength drops down and a mixed-type fracture surface happened among the UBM, IMC and solder.

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Smrček, David. "Grabenbummel- Procházka po Příkopech." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415351.

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(in English): "Grabenbummel", a walk of the German Studentenverbindungen in couleur, was one of the most significant displays of a national war over Prague and its public space. Four times between 1898 and 1912 the "bummel" gave opportunity for unrest and riots in the city. Not only it became a political topic, a reason for conflicts between Czech and Germans in the media, Bohemian Diet and Imperial Council, but also a very serious problem for the state and its offices to solve. Based on Czech and German press and archive resources from Národní Archiv České republiky and Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, I am presenting the creation, evolution, and the politicization of the custom. I examined the four main years of the riots, finding multiple important topics, and analyzing some of them in the last chapter. I complemented the thesis with the poems from the press of the Burschenschaften, as well as Czech and German anecdotes and caricatures.

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Mečlová, Eva. "Návrh kampaně projektu Red Bull 1994 pro společnost Red Bull ČR s.r.o." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166399.

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Wang, Pao-yang, and 王保揚. "The Study of the Bump Void Improvement for Solder Bump Reflow Process." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22529847989244177823.

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碩士
國立高雄大學
電機工程學系--先進電子構裝技術產業研發碩士專班
98
Since screen printing has advantages of mass production and low cost, it is the popular solder bump process. The Solder Bump is a connector on the UBM (Under Bump Metallurgy) in Wafer Bump assembly process. It usually is produced by solder plating or solder printer process, however the void appear in the fine scale solder bump in screen printing process, cause bump break and shift moving in the Flip Chip process. For this study, we will explore in screen printing process, the effect of parameters in reflow process such as heating/cooling curve, improve solder bump process to the formative of the bump voids. As a result, by control way the heating/cooling curve property, we can improve the solder bump failure rate and improve the yield of the screen print process. It is found that the maximum heating temperature should be set to higher than the eutectic temperature of Pb/Sn alloy, and a minimum cooling rate is necessary for the transfer motion from liquid to solid phase at equilibrium state.

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Huang, Kuei-Wei, and 黃貴偉. "Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder bump solder bump process and fatigue analysis." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97240762713775359509.

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Buhl, Michael [Verfasser]. "Sättigende strukturvariable Regelungen / Michael Buhl." 2008. http://d-nb.info/991891279/34.

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Harezlak, Jaroslaw. "Bump hunting in regression revisited." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8123.

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Suppose bivariate data [formula] are observed at times a ≤ t1 ≤ t2 ≤ ... ≤ tn ≤ b. Given a nonparametric regression model [formula] mean 0, variance ϭ² , for i = 1, 2 , . . . , n, we want to estimate the number of modes of the underlying regression function m(-) or its derivative. We use the penalized least squares technique to get an estimate of m(-), i.e. the function minimizing [formula] where [formula] dt is a penalty function and ƛ is a smoothing parameter. The estimate of the derivative, m’ is simply the derivative of the estimate, (m’). A new test of multimodality is introduced and its performance is studied. Our idea is motivated by the test proposed by Silverman (1981) concerning the number of modes in the density function. He used a "critical bandwidth" as a test statistic in a kernel smoothing context. He noted that if the data are strongly bimodal, we would need a large value of a bandwidth to obtain a unimodal density estimate. In our case we define the "critical smoothing parameter" Xcrit as the smallest ƛ giving an estimate with the specified number of modes. We use Ac r ; 4 as a test statistic in our new test CriSP. We use bootstrap techniques to assess the performance of our test. We study the effects of the penalty L on the quality of our test via simulation using different regression functions and we compare it with Bowman et.al.'s monotonicity test (1998). CriSP is also applied to the children's growth data in studying the number of bumps in the derivatives of the growth functions. In a sample of 43 boys and 50 girls, our test procedure gives an automatic classification rule in about 80% of the growth curves analyzed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Buml'

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