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1
KHIN, AYE MYINT, MOHD DIN AMIRUDDIN, MOHD Y. RAFII, et al. "Character Interrelationships and Path Analysis for Yield Components in MPOB-Senegal Oil Palm Germplasm." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 3 (2021): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-12.
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Phenotypic associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence in crops are useful in evaluating, planning and selection criteria for the desirable traits. This research aimed to evaluate linear correlations and estimate the direct and indirect effects among morphological traits on oil yield of MPOB-Senegal germplasm. Data were collected annually for successive eight years (2000 to 2007) and was estimated for the phenotypic correlations, and decomposition into direct and indirect effects using path coefficient analysis. The result of the correlation and path coefficient analysis showed significant highly positive relations between some yield components and oil yield. Oil to wet mesocarp (OTWM) and bunch number (BNO) had high positive direct effect on oil yield while fresh fruit bunch (FFB), oil to fiber (OTF), fruit to bunch (FTB), and average bunch weight (ABWT) showed indirect effect on oil yield. In improvement of palm oil yield, traits that show high direct and/or indirect effect on oil yield should be considered. Hence, FFB, OTF, FTB, OTWM, and ABWT have maximum direct and indirect effect can be used effectively for the improvement of the palm oil yield of the MPOB-Senegal oil palm germplasm.
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Popet, Pilalak, Theera Eksomtramage, Jakarat Anothai, and Thanet Khomphet. "Principal component analysis of agronomic and yield traits of six tenera oil palm progenies in Southern Thailand." Acta Agronómica 71, no. 4 (2023): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v71n4.98032.
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Agronomic and yield traits of oil palm progenies are regularly analyzed by plant breeders and farmers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic and yield traits of six tenera oil palm progenies collected in Southern Thailand, and to group the progenies based on their agronomic and yield traits. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments (progenies), where each treatment consisted of 3 replications. The agronomic and yield traits were analyzed for variances and principal components. The results found show that most agronomic and yield traits exhibited significant differences among the oil palm progenies. In the biplot of agronomic traits between PC1 and PC2 with two groups of oil palms, the first group dominated in petiole diameter, leaf dry weight, leaf length, rachis length, petiole width, and leaf area, while the second group dominated in leaf number and leaf width. In the biplot of yield traits between PC1 and PC2 with two groups of oil palms, the first group dominated in bunch number, kernels per fruit and bunch, and average kernel weight, while the second group dominated in amount of oil per fruit and bunch, average fruit weight, and oil yield.
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Fadila, Ahmad Malike, Marjuni Marhalil, Yaakub Zulkifli, Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin, and Yusuf Opeyemi Oyebamiji. "Genetic Variability of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Deli Dura Inter-Crosses Population in The MPOB Research Station Hulu Paka, Terengganu, Malaysia." Malaysian Applied Biology 53, no. 2 (2024): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v53i2.2975.
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The oil palm Deli dura breeding population is the most widely used dura for breeding and seed production. Due to its narrow genetic base, with current material originating from the four initial dura palms of Bogor, the Deli dura is presumed to have low genetic diversity. A total of 35 MPOB Deli dura inter-crosses from eight paternal parents were characterized based on 22 different traits including bunch yields, bunch quality components, as well as other vegetative and physiological traits. Based on the principal component analysis of the collected data, the first five components (PC1-PC5) possessing eigenvalues surpassing 1, contributed to 97.83% of the overall variance. PC1, with the highest variation (30.88%), was characterized mainly by vegetative and physiological traits, while PC2, with about 26.02% variation, was primarily associated with bunch quality components. The principal component score plot suggests that populations of the Johor Labis paternal parents 0.278/318 and 0.278/295 are unique populations and can be used in further breeding programmes. Besides, the populations from Ulu Remis (0.280/68) and Ulu Remis × Elmina (0.281/44) paternal parents were positively associated with PC2, suggesting strong performance in bunch quality components. Cluster analysis indicated that all populations were clustered into three main groups comprised of several sub-clusters, with populations of paternal parents 0.279/48 (Banting) and 0.281/74 (Banting) were outliers in the second and third clusters, respectively. In overall, the study revealed the presence of variation among the Deli dura inter-crosses based on the traits evaluated. These results will be useful for the selection of specific populations for genetic improvements of bunch yield, bunch quality, as well as vegetative and physiological characteristics.
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Nyine, Moses, Brigitte Uwimana, Violet Akech, et al. "Association genetics of bunch weight and its component traits in East African highland banana (Musa spp. AAA group)." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 132, no. 12 (2019): 3295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03425-x.
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Abstract Key message The major quantitative trait loci associated with bunch weight and its component traits in the East African highland banana-breeding population are located on chromosome 3. Abstract Bunch weight increase is one of the major objectives of banana improvement programs, but little is known about the loci controlling bunch weight and its component traits. Here we report for the first time some genomic loci associated with bunch weight and its component traits in banana as revealed through a genome-wide association study. A banana-breeding population of 307 genotypes varying in ploidy was phenotyped in three locations under different environmental conditions, and data were collected on bunch weight, number of hands and fruits; fruit length and circumference; and diameter of both fruit and pulp for three crop cycles. The population was genotyped with genotyping by sequencing and 27,178 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were generated. The association between SNPs and the best linear unbiased predictors of traits was performed with TASSEL v5 using a mixed linear model accounting for population structure and kinship. Using Bonferroni correction, false discovery rate, and long-range linkage disequilibrium (LD), 25 genomic loci were identified with significant SNPs and most were localized on chromosome 3. Most SNPs were located in genes encoding uncharacterized and hypothetical proteins, but some mapped to transcription factors and genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Inter-chromosomal LD of SNPs was present in the population, but none of the SNPs were significantly associated with the traits. The clustering of significant SNPs on chromosome 3 supported our hypothesis that fruit filling in this population was under control of a few quantitative trait loci with major effects.
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Rakonjac, Vera, Boban Djordjevic, Milica Fotiric-Aksic, Todor Vulic, and Dejan Djurovic. "Estimation of variation and correlation analysis for yield components in black currant cultivars." Genetika 47, no. 3 (2015): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1503785r.
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Creating genotypes that will be characterized by high yields, good quality and other favorable agronomic characters is a major objective of most currant breeding programs worldwide. For easier and faster achievement of these goals and identification of superior genotypes suitable for use as parents in future hybridization programs, study of genetic parameters seems to be obligatory. In this regard, the aims of our study were to estimate components of variability and heritability, and do correlation analysis for yield components in order to determine efficient strategies for improving yield in black currant breeding programs. Significant differences between cultivars were established for all studied traits. A high proportion of genotypic variance was found with bush width, no. of shoots per bush, bunch weight and berry weight indicating that genetic improvement for these traits through breeding was achievable. Opposite, seasonal variance was high for bush height, no. of bunch per bush and yield. The high heritability coefficients (0.80-0.94) detected for all traits studied reflect the close agreement between their phenotypic and genotypic values. Also, most pairs of traits were similarly correlated at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. So, yield was significantly and positively correlated with bush height, no of bunch per bush and bunch weight. These results imply a rapid response of black currants to selection.
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J.H, KULKARNI, JOSHI P.K, and BHATT D.M. "NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION IN SOME IMPROVED VARIETIES OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea.L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 79, April (1992): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01752.
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Important commercially cultivated varieties representing three habit groups of groundnut were evaluated during rainy season for plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Varieties of virginia runner, virginia bunch (spp. hypogaca var. hypogaea) were found to be superior bunch (spp. festigiate var. vulgaria) and valencia (spp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) in all the parameters studied. An early bunch variety, JL 24 among the spanish varieties, M 145 and TMV 10 of virginia bunch and $ 230, M 37 and GAUG 10 of virgina runner were found to have higher nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Significant and positive relationship was observed between nitrogen fixation traits, plant biomass and leaf arca. No correlation between the nitrogen fixation traits and pod yield was evidenced. However, the study indicated that JL 24, M 145 and GAUG 10 were found to have higher yield potential besides good nitrogen fixation.
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Rist, Florian, Florian Schwander, Robert Richter, et al. "Relieving the Phenotyping Bottleneck for Grape Bunch Architecture in Grapevine Breeding Research: Implementation of a 3D-Based Phenotyping Approach for Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (2022): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100907.
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In viticulture, winemakers and the industry demand grape bunches that have a reduced degree of bunch compactness. The major aspect is that a loose bunch compactness reduces the risk of severe Botrytis bunch-rot infections. Grapevine breeders focus hereby on several bunch-architecture-related traits. For specific breeding approaches and breeding-research-related topics, such as Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis or molecular marker development, the exact and objective phenotyping of such traits is mandatory. In this study, a precise and high-throughput 3D phenotyping pipeline was applied to screen 1514 genotypes from three mapping populations with different genetic backgrounds to investigate its applicability for QTL mapping approaches. In the first step, the phenotypic data of one population containing 150 genotypes were collected and analyzed with the 3D phenotyping pipeline. Additionally, corresponding reference data were obtained. Phenotypic values and results of a QTL analysis were compared with each other. Strongly positive correlations up to r = 0.93 between 3D and reference measurements could be detected for several traits. The ten-times-faster 3D phenotyping pipeline revealed 20, and the reference phenotyping methods revealed 22 QTLs. Eighteen of these QTLs were consistent between both procedures. In the next step, screening was extended to four different mapping populations across several seasons. In total, up to 1500 genotypes were screened during one season (>5000 grape bunches in total). The data analysis revealed significant differences across years and populations. Three bunch-architecture traits, including total berry volume, bunch width, and berry diameter, explained the highest amount of variability in the phenotypic data. A QTL analysis was performed on the phenotypic data of the involved populations to identify comparative genetic loci for bunch-architecture traits. Between 20 and 26 stable and reproducible QTLs for the investigated populations were detected. A common QTL for berry diameter could be identified for all populations. Our results strongly conclude that this locus is co-located on chromosome 17 when mapped to the grapevine reference genome. The results show that the implementation of the 3D phenotyping platform allows for precise and extended screenings of different, genetic diverse mapping populations and thus opens up the possibility to uncover the genomic architecture of this highly complex quantitative grapevine trait.
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Baiyeri, K. P., B. N. Mbah, and A. Tenkouano. "Yield Components of Triploid and Tetraploid Musa Genotypes in Nigeria." HortScience 35, no. 7 (2000): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1338.
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The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to evaluate the stability patterns of 36 Musa genotypes in four cropping environments for bunch weight, pulp weight, and dry matter content. Alleycropping generally induced higher means for all traits than did sole cropping. The triploid plantains produced smaller bunch weights and were less stable than dessert and cooking bananas. In this ploidy group, bunch weight was highest for the cooking bananas `Cardaba' and `Fougamou', but only `Fougamou' was stable across environments. Among the hybrids, only `FHIA23' (dessert banana) expressed high and stable bunch weights, while other high-yielding hybrids displayed specific adaptation to alleycropping. Pulp weight was lower but more stable in plantains than in other triploid genotypes. Among the hybrids, pulp weight was high and stable for one cooking banana (`FHIA3'), one dessert banana (`FHIA1'), and three plantains (`PITA1', `PITA2', and `PITA7'). Dry matter content was highest in plantains and lowest in dessert bananas at both triploid and tetraploid levels, and was also more stable than the other traits. Thus, the adaptation patterns of genotypes across environments varied according to the trait studied. When rank changes were not observed across traits for a given genotype, differences were still noted in the relative magnitude of the IPCA1 score. Hence, both farm gate traits and postharvest processing traits should be considered in selecting for broad or specific adaptation. Determination of the genetic relationships between processing traits and farm gate traits could allow Musa breeders to construct selection indices that would facilitate multiple trait selection and enhance breeding efficiency, with respect to cultivar stability and adaptation across environments.
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Rajamanickam, C., and K. Rajmohan. "Variability Studies in Palayankodan Ecotypes (AAB Genomic Group) of Banana (Musa Spp.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 5, no. 2 (2010): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v5i2.455.
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Six Palayankodan ecotypes of banana belonging to AAB genomic group were evaluated for genetic variability among quantitative traits. Genetic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for eighteen traits that included plant height, pseudostem girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf width, number of suckers per plant, days taken from planting to shooting, total crop duration; length, girth, weight and volume of finger; hand weight, bunch weight, number of fingers per bunch, number of fingers per hand, ripe-fruit weight, sugar/acid ratio and pulp weight. Remarkable variability was observed among the collections for these characters. Bunch weight, number of fingers per bunch and number of suckers per plant with very high value of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance makes it prime traits for direct selection. Plant height, pseudostem girth, total crop duration, sugar:acid ratio, finger length and days taken from planting to shooting with high value of heritability and moderate value of genetic advance. PCV are other important traits which need to be considered for selection. The volume of finger with low values for GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean implies that it is highly influenced by environment and should not be taken as a criterion for selection. Plant height, total crop duration, sugar:acid ratio, finger length, pseudostem girth, number of fingers per bunch and days taken from planting to shooting showed high genetic advance and heritability and important characters to be considered for selection of ecotypes.
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Godhani, C. M., R. B. Madariya, T. H. Borkhatariya, G. K. Sapara, and C. J. Rajani. "Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis in Spanish Bunch Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 6 (2025): 693–705. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i62432.
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An experiment was conducted on 95 genotypes of spanish bunch groundnut in Randomized Block Design (RBD) design during 2022-23 in Kharif season, for studying the correlation between yield and its contributing traits. Correlation analysis identified traits such as number of primary branches per plant, number of mature pods, 100-pod weight, kernel yield per plant, 100-kernel weight, sound mature kernel, biological yield per plant, harvest index, oil content, and chlorophyll content at 30, 60, and 90 DAS as strong and consistent positive contributors to pod yield per plant, highlighted their importance in selection for yield improvement in Spanish bunch groundnut. Kernel yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index had positive direct effects, along with significantly positive correlations in genotypic path; however, in phenotypic path, all the traits except days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height and shelling percentage had positive direct effects with significantly positive correlations, indicating the importance of selecting these traits for improvement in pod yield per plant in Spanish bunch groundnut.
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Qardash, Mohammad Nasim, Fazlrabi Azizi, Mehdi Alizadeh, Esmaeil Seyfi, and Sadegh Atashi. "Effect of Pruning on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (2023): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.1.27.
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The objectives of this study were to determine whether bud pruning severity impacts some pomological traits of white and red varieties of table grapes. Vine canes were pruned to 3 or 6 buds in 12-year-old vines in conventional systems. Results revealed that number of bunches, bunch weight, bunch width, number of shot berries, and berries per bunch was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the bud pruning, whereas bud pruning had no significant effect on bunch length. In general, moderate bud pruning can enhance the nutritional quality of table grapes.
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Rist, Florian, Doreen Gabriel, Jennifer Mack, Volker Steinhage, Reinhard Töpfer, and Katja Herzog. "Combination of an Automated 3D Field Phenotyping Workflow and Predictive Modelling for High-Throughput and Non-Invasive Phenotyping of Grape Bunches." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242953.
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In grapevine breeding, loose grape bunch architecture is one of the most important selection traits, contributing to an increased resilience towards Botrytis bunch rot. Grape bunch architecture is mainly influenced by the berry number, berry size, the total berry volume, and bunch width and length. For an objective, precise, and high-throughput assessment of these architectural traits, the 3D imaging sensor Artec® Spider was applied to gather dense point clouds of the visible side of grape bunches directly in the field. Data acquisition in the field is much faster and non-destructive in comparison to lab applications but results in incomplete point clouds and, thus, mostly incomplete phenotypic values. Therefore, lab scans of whole bunches (360°) were used as ground truth. We observed strong correlations between field and lab data but also shifts in mean and max values, especially for the berry number and total berry volume. For this reason, the present study is focused on the training and validation of different predictive regression models using 3D data from approximately 2000 different grape bunches in order to predict incomplete bunch traits from field data. Modeling concepts included simple linear regression and machine learning-based approaches. The support vector machine was the best and most robust regression model, predicting the phenotypic traits with an R2 of 0.70–0.91. As a breeding orientated proof-of-concept, we additionally performed a Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)-analysis with both the field modeled and lab data. All types of data resulted in joint QTL regions, indicating that this innovative, fast, and non-destructive phenotyping method is also applicable for molecular marker development and grapevine breeding research.
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Assefa, Gezahegn, Sintayehu Girma, and Dereje Deressa. "Evaluation of improved plantain type of banana (Musa spp.) varieties at Mechara on Station, Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 9, no. 5 (2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2022.905.004.
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Fruit crops are widely grown in west Hararghe by small households and plays significant role for income generation and nutrition. Plantains are cooking type’s banana producing fruits that remain starchy at maturity and need processing before consumption. Even though the environment is suitable for the production of fruit, the productivity of the crop is highly influenced by low yielding variety and low moisture. Therefore, the trail was conducted to evaluate high yielding, drought and disease resistant/tolerant Plantain types of Banana varieties at Mechara onstation. Four plantain varieties were brought from Melkasa Agricultural Research Center and evaluated for agronomic and yield and yield related traits using Completely Randomized Block Design in three replications. The Analysis of variance results revealed significant variation among plantain varieties for all traits over both harvesting cycles except Fruit diameter (cm), number of fruit per bunch and unmarketable yield. The highest bunch weight, number of hands per bunch, number of fruits per bunch, marketable yield and total yields had recorded from Nijiru variety followed by kardaba. Nijiru variety was resistance to banana disease (sigatoka and panama disease) as compared to the other varieties. Whereas the lowest bunch weight, number of fruits per bunch, marketable yield, total yields was observed from Matokke variety. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that average bunch weight, Fruit diameter, number of finger per hand and Marketable yield were positively correlated to total yield. It is, therefore, concluded that Nijiru variety was well performed and can be recommended for the growers for Mechara and similar agro ecology of the area.
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Nale, R. D., R. G. Somkuwar, and P. B. Kakade. "Morphological Characterization of White Colored Grape Accession (Vitis vinifera L.) through Multivariate Approach under Indian Condition." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 16, Mar, 3 (2025): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2025.5889.
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The present study was conducted during October, 2022 to March, 2023 at ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India to characterize white colored grape genotype based on morphological qualitative traits and their relations. The morphological and fruit traits of 83 white coloured grape accession were evaluated. The grapevines were grown under standard recommended practices of irrigation, fertilization, and pest and disease control. The morphological quantitative traits such as bunch weight, bunch length, bunch width, berry length, berry diameter, berry thickness of skin, berry firmness of mesocarp, berry weight were in the following range 41.6–1456.5 g, 7.0–22.0 cm, 4.0–15.5 cm, 9.5–25.0 mm, 8.0–24.0 mm, 0.140–0.420, 25.0–88.0%, 55.0–316.0 g respectively, which indicated a wide level of diversity in the selected genotypes. Significant genotypic and phenotypic variation were observed among the studied accession for the measured characters. In addition, 4 types of berry flavor, 5 types of bunch shape and 6 types of different berry shape were observed. Multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis, cluster analysis was used for assessing the diversity of accession. The clustering dendrogram based on the obtained data showed two main cluster with several sub-clusters. The obtained data revealed high morphological variability within the studied collection of grapevine cultivars, which could be considered to characterize the large gene pool that contributes to the breeding process of grapes.
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Meneses, Marco, Claudia Muñoz-Espinoza, Sofía Reyes-Impellizzeri, et al. "Characterization of Bunch Compactness in a Diverse Collection of Vitis vinifera L. Table Grape Cultivar Genotypes Reveals New Candidate Genes Associated with Berry Number." Plants 14, no. 9 (2025): 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14091308.
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Bunch compactness (BC) is a complex, multi-trait characteristic that has been studied mostly in the context of wine grapes, with table grapes being scarcely considered. As these groups have marked phenotypic and genetic differences, including BC, the study of this trait is reported here using a genetically diverse collection of 116 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars and lines enriched for table grapes over two seasons. For this, 3D scanning-based morphological data were combined with ground measurements of 14 BC-related traits, observing high correlations among both approaches (R2 > 0.90–0.97). The multivariate analysis suggests that the attributes ‘berries per bunch’, ‘berry weight and width’, and ‘bunch weight and length’ could be considered as the main descriptors for BC, optimizing evaluation times. Then, GWASs based on a set of 70,335 SNPs revealed that GBS analysis in this same population enabled the detection of several SNPs associated with different sub-traits, with a locus for ‘berries per bunch’ in chromosome (chr) 18 being the most prominent. Enrichment analysis of significant and frequent SNPs found simultaneously in several traits and seasons revealed the over-representation of discrete functions such as alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and glycan degradation. In summary, the utility of 3D automated phenotyping was validated for table grape backgrounds, and new SNPs and candidate genes associated with the BC trait were detected. The latter could eventually become a selection tool for grapevine breeding programs.
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Noumouha, Epa N. Ghislain, Désiré Allou, Benjamin Adon, et al. "Assessment of Lobé Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Population from Cameroon crossed with Deli Testors." Greener Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 4, no. 1 (2016): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJPBCS.2016.1.111015157.
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To broaden the genetic variability and especially to enrich agronomic qualities of oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq.) populations of Group B used in the breeding scheme, a study was led on Lobé population, beforehand improved by PAMOL plantations of Cameroon. This evaluation was carried out in crosses with Deli testors derived from the second cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection scheme. The LM 2 T × DA 10 D and LM 2 T × DA 115 D crosses derived from the first breeding cycle were used as controls for the characterization of Lobé × Deli crosses. The bunch production components, vascular wilt susceptibility and vertical growth rate were used as criteria of evaluation. The Lobé × Deli crosses were characterized by bunch production lower than those of controls. These crosses had a higher vertical growth rate than those of controls. The Lobé × Deli crosses were susceptible to the vascular wilt. A study of general combining abilities made it possible to select one parent which cumulates maximum interesting characters. This parent had good general combining abilities for the precocity of bunch production, bunch production at the adult period and the vascular wilt tolerance. Prospects for utilization of this parent for the improvement of bunch production at young age and the diversification of sources of vascular wilt tolerance of populations used in the reciprocal recurrent selection scheme were discussed.
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Kumar, Milind, S. P. Tiwari, Arti Guhey, and Gagendra Singh Rajput. "Understanding the Degree of Association among Different Horticultural Traits in Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 7 (2024): 1022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i74816.
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The Banana is a member of the Musaceae family and is one of India's most significant fruit crops. Micronutrients are vital for any crop, and inadequate use of micronutrients in maintaining the health and production of the soil has now reached a threatening level. Therefore, the present study, “Understanding the Degree of Association Among Different Horticultural Traits in Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.),” was carried out. The whole study was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Biochemistry, and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, College of Agriculture, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, during the years 2020–21 and 2021–22. The experiment was carried out with the Grand Naine cultivar of banana and laid out following a complete randomized block design in three replications. The treatment comprised different concentrations of micronutrients, viz., zinc (1.5 and 2.0 ppm), iron (1.5 and 2.0 ppm), and boron (0.3 and 0.6 ppm). The micronutrients were given as foliar spray at the 3rd and 5th months after planting. To find out the association between the different traits and fruit yield plant-1, correlation analysis was carried out. The results showed that various traits such as plant height, number of leaves, pseudo stem girth, leaf area (morpho-physiological traits), total acidity, zinc content (biochemical traits), bunch length, number of hands bunch-1, bunch weight, number of fruits hand-1, average length of finger and average circumference of finger were highly (p> 0.01 or p< 0.05) and positively associated with the fruit yield plant-1.
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Akram, Muhammad Tahir. "Morpho-phenological characterization of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58, no. 04 (2021): 1223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.91.
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This endeavor includes thirty grapes’ genotypes grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan to determine similarities and dissimilarities in forty-four morphological traits according to the descriptor “International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)”. The relation between the genotypes was determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity was worked out by using cluster analysis. The dendrogram divided the genotypes into two main groups with classes and subclasses. The variation present within the class was up to 81.72% while the difference between classes was 18.28%. The morphological quantitative traits such as bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight, peduncle length, the weight of 10 berries, number of berry in a bunch, berry length, and berry width were in the following range 27.50-11 cm, 13.75-5 cm, 583.56-77.70 g, 6.50-1.55 cm, 53.70-9.70 g, 354-28, 27.37-11.40 mm and 18.06-10.41 mm respectively, which indicated a wide level of diversity in the selected genotypes. Based on phenological attributes, “Regina”, “Perlet”, and “Early White” were found early maturing genotypes to prevent berry rotting due to monsoon rains at the final stage of ripening. The data generated in this study would be helpful to preserve the existing germplasm and be available for designing future breeding programs.
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Pedapati, A., R. K. Mathur, G. Ravichandran, B. K. Babu, and H. P. Bhagya. "Evaluation of bunch quality components in Dura x Dura progenies of Zambia and Camaroon sources of oil palm germplasm." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 6 (2021): 1567–677. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/6/mrn-1813.
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Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate oil palm dura progenies developed from Zambia and Cameroon germplasm sources for bunch components for the selecting of high oil yielding mother palms. Methodology: Total 77 dura genotypes were evaluated by considering 15 different bunch components. Bunch analysis data were collected from tenth year onwards after planting. The genetic diversity, Principal component analysis, correlation and path analysis of the genotypes were estimated. Results: Study revealed that oil-to bunch ratio depends on fruit-to-bunch ratio and mesocarp-fruit ratio. The ANOVA value showed a significant variability among the genotypes for most of the bunch traits and the identified genotype P35 (24.53 %) was highest oil yielder. Positive significant correlation (p≤ 0.01) of mesocarp-to-fruit ratio and oil-to-dry mesocarp with oil-to-bunch ratio were noted in this study. Based on path analysis, the information obtained from this study is the oil-to-wet mesocarp ratio (0.697) showed the highest significant positive direct effect on oil-to-bunch ratio followed by mesocarp-to-fruit ratio (0.570). Interpretation: This study may support for the future selection of mother palms to utilize in oil palm improvement programmes. Introgression into existing breeding materials and breeding for seed production utilising selected palms.
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PEDAPATI, ANITHA, MATHUR R K, RAVICHANDRAN G, SURESH K, KALYANA BABU B, and BHAGYA H P. "Assessing D×D oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) genotypes for relevant bunch traits: Implication for promising breeding lines development." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 94, no. 9 (2024): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i9.149679.
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The study was carried out during 2021, 2022 and 2023 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh with aim to improve characterization and utilization of oil palm genotypes developed from African mother palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The clustering pattern, variability, correlation, principal component analysis and path analysis of 143 genotypes were done with the support of bunch parameters to better know the variations among them. Genotypic correlations among factors impacting oil yield describe the true link by excluding any environmental impacts. It has been noted that dura genotypes exhibit a wide range of variability in terms of yield and bunch components, which can be exploited and expanded for oil palm breeding lines development. Six oil palm dura genotypes (G9, G44, G119, G77, G142, and G124) have been identified as superior for commercial production of D × P hybrid oil palm planting materials due to their high oil to bunch percentage (OB) (>20%). Genotype G77 identified as the best performer in terms of high OB (26%), weight of oil (2%) and mesocarp-to-fruit ratio (83.20%). It is concluded that mesocarp-to-fruit ratio, oil to wet mesocarp, fruit to bunch ratio, bunch weight, total number of fruits and weight of oil are the best traits for selection and utilization to improve the existing oil palm germplasm. Further, use of these selected materials for commercial production could boost oil yield compared to the presently cultivated oil palm genotypes.
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Ahmad Latif, Najihah, Fatini Nadhirah Mohd Nain, Nurul Hashimah Ahamed Hassain Malim, et al. "Predicting Heritability of Oil Palm Breeding Using Phenotypic Traits and Machine Learning." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212613.
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Oil palm is one of the main crops grown to help achieve sustainability in Malaysia. The selection of the best breeds will produce quality crops and increase crop yields. This study aimed to examine machine learning (ML) in oil palm breeding (OPB) using factors other than genetic data. A new conceptual framework to adopt the ML in OPB will be presented at the end of this paper. At first, data types, phenotype traits, current ML models, and evaluation technique will be identified through a literature survey. This study found that the phenotype and genotype data are widely used in oil palm breeding programs. The average bunch weight, bunch number, and fresh fruit bunch are the most important characteristics that can influence the genetic improvement of progenies. Although machine learning approaches have been applied to increase the productivity of the crop, most studies focus on molecular markers or genotypes for plant breeding, rather than on phenotype. Theoretically, the use of phenotypic data related to offspring should predict high breeding values by using ML. Therefore, a new ML conceptual framework to study the phenotype and progeny data of oil palm breeds will be discussed in relation to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Rivelli, Anna Rita, Donato Castronuovo, Barbara La Gatta, Maria Teresa Liberatore, and Angela Libutti. "Qualitative Characteristics and Functional Properties of Cherry Tomato under Soilless Culture Depending on Rootstock Variety, Harvesting Time and Bunch Portion." Foods 13, no. 10 (2024): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13101450.
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Tomato grafting is an effective practice in increasing the profitability of fresh-market tomato cultivation, especially in greenhouses, and is also considered a strategy for enhancing fruit quality. In this study, selected quanti-qualitative traits, and the of bioactive health-promoting compound and organic acid contents of cherry tomato fruits from three different scion/rootstock combinations (Sunstream/Top Bental, Sunstream/Kaiser and Sunstream/Suzuka) grown under a greenhouse hydroponic system were evaluated in three different harvests (beginning, middle and end of the whole harvesting period) and on three different bunch portions (proximal, central and distal). Although the tomato productive performance was influenced by the rootstock, with Suzuka and Kaiser grafted plants showing the highest total marketable yield (9.8 kg plant−1, i.e., 20% more than Top Bental), the yield-related traits (bunch number, weight and length per plant, and fruit number per bunch) and the qualitative characteristics of the fruits (color, equatorial and polar diameters, dry matter and solid soluble contents, pH and titratable acidity) showed less variability, by displaying, along with the bioactive compound contents (total polyphenols, lycopene, β-carotene), DPPH free radical scavenging activity and organic acids contents (lactic and acetic), a significant effect of the harvesting time and bunch portion. Fruits from the beginning of the harvesting period showed better qualitative and functional properties, with the lycopene and β-carotene contents equal to 178.6 and 3 mg 100 g−1 fw, and fruits from proximal and central bunch portions had lycopene and β-carotene contents equal to 203.1 and 2.9 mg 100 g−1 fw.
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SANIYA, SANIYA, JYOTI KANWAR, I. S. NARUKA, and P. P. SINGH. "Genetic variability and association among colour and white seedless genotypes of grape (Vitis vinifera)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 5 (2018): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i5.80067.
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Twenty three genotypes (11 colour seedless and 12 white seedless) of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated during 2015-16 to evaluate qualitative and quantitative traits to explore its existing gene pool and identify the selection indices important for grapevine improvement. Traits like acidity, days to ripening, heat unit requirement, total sugars, number of berries per bunch and TSS had least variation among the coefficients both at phenotypic and genotypic level. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance were observed for some traits signifying high potential for improvement of grape through selection and are governed by additive gene action. Highest heritability was recorded for acidity (99.95) and low for days (33.57) taken to 50% panicle appearance. Correlation coefficientsat phenotypic and genotypic level envisaged that fruit yield per vine was having significant and positive correlation with number of bunch and number of fruitful canes. These are the most important characters contributing towards fruit yield and can be strategically used to improve the yield of grape.
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Constantin, Mondjeli, Sobir Ridwani, Muhamad Syukur, and And Willy Bayuardi Suwarno. "Performance, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Oil Yield and some Economical Characters in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) of Cameroon." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 45, no. 2 (2017): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i2.14110.
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Knowledge of the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in the selection of desirable characters could assist the plant breeders in ascertaining criteria to be used in the breeding programmes. Twenty three introgressed oil palm progenies were evaluated at the Specialized Centre for Oil Palm Research of Cameroon, from 2004 to 2014 to estimate performance, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of oil yield and some economic traits in terms to select new oil palm parent materials with the traits of interest. The results revealed high variability among oil palm population for all the characters. Moderate estimates of the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations associated with high heritability and moderate genetic advance as percent of mean were obtained for characters of fresh fruit bunch, bunch number, oil yield, kernel to bunch, kernel to fruit, kernel yield and height increment. The results suggest the effectiveness of selection method for these traits and their improvement through their phenotypic performance. LM11087T x LM2749D and LM12960T x LM7409D were obtained as superior oil palm crossing parents with the potential production of 6.26 ton ha-1yr-1 of crude palm oil; they can be exploited in seed production and further breeding program.<br /><br />Keywords: genetic advance, heritability, introgressed progenies, oil yield, Phenotypic<br /><br />
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Somkuwar, R. G., R. D. Nale, S. A. Ranpise, and P. H. Nikumbhe. "Ampelographic Diversity Assessment of Local Grape Genotype Grown in India." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 10 (2024): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i102467.
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Grapevine is well adapted to the agro climatic conditions of India, which makes it one of the major element of the Indian horticulture. However, there has been limited focus on assessing grapevine germplasm, and genetic resources have previously remained underutilized despite their potential for adapting to environmental changes. This study aims to evaluate the diversity of local (developed in India) grapevine accessions growing in different regions in India. A total of 20 local varieties were evaluated using 14 fruit traits previously developed by DUS. An important variability was revealed among the local varieties studied based on fruit characteristics. The most discriminant traits were bunch weight, berry diameter, bunch length, berry weight, berry shape, seed number per berry. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed three main clusters, each regrouping accessions of different named varieties. Mean values of cluster for various yield parameters revealed that cluster I possessed maximum value for yield related attributes. Maximum bunch weight was observed in Manjari Medika (270.0g) followed by Pusa Seedless (243.1 g), Arka Shyam (213.5 g) while higher 50 berry weight (201.0 g) and berry diameter (20.30 mm) in Arka Majestic genotype. Arka Majestic and Manjari Medika showed better quality traits. Our results indicate a potential of morphological diversity within the local genotypes that should be further investigated in order to understand their performance and to evaluate them in selection programs.
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Corsi, Lorenzo, Giorgio Sperandio, Sara Ruschioni, et al. "Lobesia botrana Infestation in Petit Verdot and Sangiovese: A Comparative Study." Insects 16, no. 2 (2025): 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020213.
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The European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana), a significant pest in viticulture, impacts grape quality and yield through larval feeding and secondary infections. This study examined the impact of L. botrana on two grape varieties, Petit Verdot and Sangiovese, while also investigating cultivar-specific traits. Field trials were conducted in central Italy to assess infestation levels, female population abundance, and cultivar-specific morphological traits. The results revealed significantly lower larval infestation levels, but higher female abundance in Petit Verdot compared to Sangiovese. Bunch density and bunch compactness were also significantly lower in Petit Verdot than in Sangiovese. Morphological traits, such as a greater canopy thickness and higher leaf layer number in Petit Verdot, did not correspond to increased infestation levels, challenging existing findings regarding the impact of sun exposure on female oviposition and larval settlement. The seasonal dynamics of L. botrana indicated three major adult flight peaks and a partial fourth peak, potentially influenced by local weather patterns. These findings highlight the critical role of cultivar-specific traits in shaping pest infestation dynamics and provide essential insights for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, particularly in cultivar selection and monitoring protocols for sustainable viticulture.
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Tello, Javier, Rafael Torres-Pérez, Jérôme Grimplet, and Javier Ibáñez. "Association analysis of grapevine bunch traits using a comprehensive approach." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 129, no. 2 (2015): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2623-9.
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Mataffo, Alessandro, Pasquale Scognamiglio, Carlo Molinaro, Giandomenico Corrado, and Boris Basile. "Early Canopy Management Practices Differentially Modulate Fruit Set, Fruit Yield, and Berry Composition at Harvest Depending on the Grapevine Cultivar." Plants 12, no. 4 (2023): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040733.
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The size and number of the berries and the rachis length are the main elements that define bunch compactness in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). This trait is of scientific and commercial interest because it strongly influences phytosanitary status and quality of the fruits. In this work, we investigated the effect of different canopy management strategies based on apical shoot and/or leaf removal applied at the early stage (pre-bloom) in altering the key determinants of bunch compactness. Specifically, we compared apical defoliation (removal of the first half of the shoot leaves from the top), basal defoliation (removal of the second half), and shoot trimming (removal of the apical half of the shoot) to untreated controls. The work was carried out in two red varieties (‘Aglianico’ and ‘Casavecchia’) that have contrasting bunch compactness (compact and loose, respectively). We measured relevant morphological traits, photosynthetic rates, fertility, fruit set, bunch architecture, and fruit main compositional parameters. This study demonstrates that the position of the removed shoot leaves along with the shoot trimming differentially modified fruit set, the number of berries per bunch, and berry fresh weight and composition at harvest. Nonetheless, the influence on bunch compactness was limited mainly because of photosynthetic and morphological factors strongly associated with the cultivar.
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Camacho-Villalobos, Alina, Fernando Serna, Jhofre Flores, Hector Flores, Paulo Manrique, and Jorge Bendezu. "Morphological and molecular characterization of an Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortes germplasm collection located in Ucayali, Peru." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0250445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250445.
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The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is a crop that is widely distributed in tropical regions around the world; however, this crop is subject to limitations such as rapid trunk growth and susceptibility to bud rot and red ring diseases particularly in South America. To overcome these limitations, national breeding and conservation programs have been established, and there is a need to identify parental palms from natural populations of the American oil palm (E. oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) with desirable yield and morphological traits (i.e., yield production and bunch number) and with high genetic diversity. However, in Peru the morphological and genetic data related to this important crop is limited. In this study, we characterized the morphological and yield and estimated the genetic diversity using 12 neutral microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) across 72 oil palm individuals belonging to the E. oleifera germplasm collection located in the tropical region of Ucayali, Peru. Our results showed that morphological and yield traits explained approximately 40.39% of the variability within the Peruvian germplasm. Furthermore, Yield Production was highly correlated with two yield traits: Bunch Number (0.67) and Average weight per bunch (0.78). Based on the yield and morphological traits, a clustering analysis was performed and three phenotypic groups were identified (1, 2 and 3) in which groups 1 and 3 showed high scores associated primarily with yield traits. Microsatellite markers revealed 143 alleles, 11.92 ± 4.72 alleles per locus (A) and an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.69 ± 0.045. A structural analysis identified three populations (k = 3), that were not related to the phenotypic groups. Interestingly, a multiple allele background was identified within the groups using multilocus and phylogenetic relationship analyses. This is the first Peruvian report regarding E. oleifera that shows preliminary data of the morphological and yield traits and genetic data, and highlight the importance of this information to set up future steps to national breeding strategies and improve the conservation of genetic material of E. oleifera. Overall, these novel findings could contribute to the development of the local oil palm industry in Peru.
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Mndela, Mthunzi, Ignacio C. Madakadze, Julius T. Tjelele, et al. "Responses of grass productivity traits to bush clearing in semi-arid rangelands in North-West Province of South Africa." Rangeland Journal 44, no. 1 (2022): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj21053.
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Woody plant encroachment threatens herbaceous plant productivity in many rangelands globally. We evaluated the impact of bush clearing on grass tiller, leaf and biomass production, and tuft sizes in the Kgomo-kgomo and Makapaanstad rangelands in North-West Province, South Africa. In each rangeland, the number of tillers and leaves, tuft sizes and biomass of eight dominant grass species were recorded in bush-cleared and uncleared treatments. The treatment and species interacted significantly (P < 0.001) for tiller and leaf production and tuft sizes. Bush clearing increased tiller production of bunch grasses but not stoloniferous grasses. At Kgomo-kgomo, bunch grasses (Panicum maximum (Jacq.) and Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy] had three to six times more tillers and leaves per plant in the cleared than uncleared treatment. At Makapaanstad, only annual bunch grasses [Brachiaria eruciformis (Sibth. & Sm.) Griseb and Tragus berteronianus (Schult.)] attained twice as many tillers and leaves per plant in the cleared compared to uncleared treatment. Biomass was 1776 ± 159 and 696 ± 159 g m−2 in cleared and uncleared treatments respectively at Kgomo-kgomo and 1358 ± 258 and 1089 ± 258 g m−2 at Makapaanstad. The tufts of bunch grasses were nearly twice as large in the cleared compared with the uncleared treatment at Kgomo-kgomo, whereas only stoloniferous grass tufts increased at Makapaanstad. Overall, bush clearing improved grass productivity and performance, but the responses varied by species.
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AL-JANABI, A. M. I. "EFFECT OF NPK FERTILIZATION AND LEAF/BUNCH RATIO ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF KHASTAWI DATE PALM." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 4 (2023): 1443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.37.
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This study conducted in 2020–2021 sought to determine the impact of NPK fertilizer with three levels (F0: 0, F1: 900 g, F2: 1300 g) and three levels of pruning at the ratio of P1: 5, P2: 7, and P3: 9 leaves/bunch, to improve the fruit and quality of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. “Khastawi,” held at the Al-Zahfaraniah Palm Station, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. Executing the study as a factorial experiment (3 × 3) within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) had three replications. Every two date palms as an experimental unit setup came from 54 trees aged 16 years and, as much as possible, homogeneous in growth characteristics. The experimental results showed that NPK fertilization at the F2 level was superior in all studied traits, including fruit set, weight, width, length, volume, seed and bunch weights, and total yield. The pruning treatment (P3) was significantly superior by giving the highest fruit set, width, and length values, whereas F0 and P2 treatments gave the lowest average for these traits. Furthermore, the interaction of F2P3 provided the highest rates in fruit weight, length, volume, seed, and bunch weights, and total yield, while the F0P1 treatment gave the lowest values.
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Dutt, Manjul. "The University of Florida’s Grape Breeding Program: Historical Insights and New Directions." Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 136 (April 14, 2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.32473/fshs.136.1.138036.
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Bunch grapes have been grown in Florida since the days of the early pioneers. However, all initial attempts at growing the European Vitis vinifera wine and fresh market cultivars were unsuccessful as vines eventually succumbed to Pierce’s disease (PD) infection. This xylem limited disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa is vectored by the glassy-winged sharpshooter and is endemic in Florida. Scientists identified several native grape species such as V. aestivalis, V. munsoniana, V. rotundifolia, V. simpsonii, and V. shuttleworthii and observed them to be thriving even under endemic PD conditions. This led to new breeding efforts at the University of Florida (UF), initially by Loren Stover, and subsequently by John Mortensen to introgress PD and other disease resistance genes from these wild species into Vinifera selections. The first bunch grape with adequate enological traits and disease resistance was the ‘Lake Emerald’ cultivar by Loren Stover in 1954. Since then, many other bunch grapes and muscadine hybrids have been released. The UF has not had an active grape breeding program since the retirement of Mortensen in 1991. To reinvigorate the conventional grape breeding program, promising bunch grape selections were identified from the old breeding program. These selections have several important traits such as abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, as well as loose, medium-sized clusters and berries. Replicated field trials are planned with several of these selections. We also identified several muscadine selections. The first crosses were made in 2022 and a large population of hybrid progeny is being evaluated.
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Muntaha, Sidratul, Nur-Un Nesa, and G. H. M. Sagor. "Genetic Dissection for Yield and Fruit Quality Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 5, no. 5 (2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.734.
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The genetic variability for yield, its attributing, and fruit quality traits using 38 tomato genotypes was studied. High significant differences among the genotypes were found for all recorded traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating the presence of environmental influences. Most of the traits expressed moderate to high heritability. Plant height, number of seed/fruit, chlorophyll content in top leaf, red fruit weight, number of fruit/plant, soluble solid content in exocarp and endocarp of red fruit, titratable acidity of red fruit juice, lycopene content, beta-carotene and yield/plant had high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of the mean. Yield/plant exhibited a significant positive correlation with number of fruit/plant, number of flower/bunch, red fruit girth, red fruit length and red fruit weight. Path analysis revealed soluble solid content in endocarp of red fruit, number of fruit/plant, plant height, number of bunch/plant, number of flower/bunch, number of seed/fruit, green fruit length, red fruit girth, red fruit length, red fruit weight, lycopene and beta-carotene content had direct positive effect on yield/plant. Principal component analysis depicted first eight PCs with Eigen-value higher than one contributing 76.74% of total variability. Thirty-eight genotypes grouped into seven clusters where cluster II contains maximum genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes Tm-131 and WOP-10 for yield and ascorbic acid content; Puli-25, VI005584 and Tm-2 for total soluble solids; VI-063607 and VI-0337183 for lycopene and beta-carotene content may be considered as superior genotypes which can be used as potential genetic resources for the development of nutritionally rich high-yielding tomato variety.
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Studennikova, Natalia Leonidovna, Zinaida Viktorovna Kotolovets, Natalia Anatolievna Rybachenko, and Maria Anatolievna Androsova. "HERITABILITY OF SOME ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS OF GRAPE SEEDLINGS IN THE POPULATION ‘TALISMAN x MARQUIZA’." Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia 5, no. 83 (2023): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2023-5-83-46-56.
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The article presents the results of studies (2021-2022) on assessing the economically valuable properties and isolation of heterotic seedlings in the population ‘Talisman x Marquiza’. In the work of breeding new grape varieties, much attention is paid to the variety Talisman, which is highly valued as a donor of such traits as early ripeness, large berry size, downy mildew, gray rot and frost resistance. The object of the study was seedlings in the amount of 18 pcs and initial forms, in which agrobiological records were provided in accordance with 13 traits. The studies were carried out in the breeding plot of Partenit village, South Coast of Crimea. The scheme of planting grape bushes was 3 × 1.5 m, bush training – one-shouldered Guyot in the non-irrigated plot. Heredity pattern and indicators of heterosis were determined in the population according to the following traits: «bunch weight», «fruitfulness coefficient», «shoot productivity in terms of the raw bunch weight», «mass concentration of sugars». A transitional heredity pattern of «bunch weight» trait with the effect of adverse dominance of paternal form Marquiza was established in the population ‘Talisman x Marquiza’. According to this trait, the seedling № 21-11-4-39 was isolated with the effect of heterosis +1.07 %. According to the trait «mass concentration of sugars», true heterosis with the effect of +16.0 % was established in the studied family. Correspondence of the trait «fruitfulness coefficient» in initial forms and offspring was registered. Percentage content – 27.8 % of seedlings, № 21-11-4-31, № 21-11-4-37, № 21-11-4-38, № 21-11-4-49, № 21-11-4-50, heterotic according to this trait, were isolated (the effect of heterosis ranged from +22.0 % to +121.3 %). The indicator of dominance degree of shoot productivity according to the raw bunch weight trait shows a hybrid depression. Three seedlings, superior to the best form of Talisman in this indicator with the effect of heterosis from +2.96 % to +36.29 % were isolated in the population.
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Tenkouano, A. "Persistence and Horticultural Value of Inflorescence Dichotomy in Plantain." HortScience 35, no. 5 (2000): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.933.
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This study aimed to assess the persistence and horticultural value of bunch dichotomy in plantain. Meristematic tissue was collected from a plant of the cultivar UNN showing a double-bunch phenotype and cultured in vitro. Ninety-five seedlings were acclimatized for 6 to 8 weeks in a greenhouse, prior to transfer to the field. Field evaluation was carried out at three experimental farms (Abuja, Ibadan, and Onne) of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, in Nigeria. Micropropagated plants of two plantain accessions, `Agbagba' and `Obino l'ewai', that produce single bunches were included as controls. Reversal of the double-bunch phenotype to a single-bunch phenotype was observed. Few plants underwent an additional dichotomization event to produce three bunches. This suggests that branching may be due to random genetic events instead of a stable mutation. Furthermore, field performance data were not significantly different for phenological or yield traits between clones producing one, two, or three bunches. Thus, selection for increased number of bunches may not be warranted in this Musa population.
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Cristian BOSTAN, Luminiţa COJOCARIU, Dorin RĂCHIŢEAN, et al. "EXTERIORIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS WITH INFLUENCE ON FORAGE YIELD IN ITALIAN RYEGRASS." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 2 (2021): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v2i2.138.
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The spread of Italian ryegrass culture worldwide is due to its large yield capacity, superior feed quality and the fact that it is an ideal blending partner. The Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Is a very valuable forage plant with wide possibilities of use in animal feed (green mass, hay, silo) and has a very high capacity to adapt to different types of soils and climates. In this context, the aim of this research is to evaluate the differences between the growth traits and productivity of three varieties of Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. Westerwoldicum, sown in autumn in an area with cold winters. Two alternative tetraploid varieties (Linos and Ivan) and an alternative diploid variety - Sprint (Catalogo-zanandrea-sementi-en.pdf), recommended for green mass and silo, were used as biological material. In order to evaluate the three varieties, the basic green mass feed yield elements (number of tillers, their height and the weight of the bunch) and the green mass yield at the first harvest were taken into account. The results of the research show that the Linos variety recorded the highest weight of the bunch based on the large number of tiller and the height of the tillers. The variations are much larger between the Linos and Ivan varieties based on the number of tillers. The green mass yields of the three Italian ryegrass varieties studied are directly influenced by the values of the yield / bunch traits. Thus, the largest yield of green mass at the first harvest, of 28.9 t.ha-1, was also registered for the Linos variety. This study has a special practical importance, bringing a plus in the technology of cultivation of Italian ryegrass sown in autumn in the conditions of cold winters.
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HORABLAGA, Nicolae Marinel, Cristian BOSTAN, Luminiaa COJOCARIU, et al. "EXTERIORIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS WITH INFLUENCE ON FORAGE YIELD IN ITALIAN RYEGRASS." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 2 (2021): 127–34. https://doi.org/10.58509/drhbxk16.
Full textAbstract:
The spread of Italian ryegrass culture worldwide is due to its large yield capacity, superior feed quality and the fact that it is an ideal blending partner. The Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Is a very valuable forage plant with wide possibilities of use in animal feed (green mass, hay, silo) and has a very high capacity to adapt to different types of soils and climates. In this context, the aim of this research is to evaluate the differences between the growth traits and productivity of three varieties of Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. Westerwoldicum, sown in autumn in an area with cold winters. Two alternative tetraploid varieties (Linos and Ivan) and an alternative diploid variety - Sprint (Catalogo-zanandrea-sementi-en.pdf), recommended for green mass and silo, were used as biological material. In order to evaluate the three varieties, the basic green mass feed yield elements (number of tillers, their height and the weight of the bunch) and the green mass yield at the first harvest were taken into account. The results of the research show that the Linos variety recorded the highest weight of the bunch based on the large number of tiller and the height of the tillers. The variations are much larger between the Linos and Ivan varieties based on the number of tillers. The green mass yields of the three Italian ryegrass varieties studied are directly influenced by the values of the yield / bunch traits. Thus, the largest yield of green mass at the first harvest, of 28.9 t.ha-1, was also registered for the Linos variety. This study has a special practical importance, bringing a plus in the technology of cultivation of Italian ryegrass sown in autumn in the conditions of cold winters.
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Minh, Nguyen Van, and Tinh Van Nguyen. "Assessment of yield and quality of quinoa accessions grown in Ferralsols following seasonal difference." December 2021, no. 15(12):2021 (December 12, 2021): 1485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3429.
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The quinoa accession varieties have been cultivated in Vietnam in recent decades. The initial results indicate that these varieties have well adapted to Vietnam’s climate, even better than some of their mother areas. However, further evaluation of the impact of the seasonal region on quinoa growth and development is necessary for a tropical country like Vietnam. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the yield and quality of quinoa accession varieties planted on Ferralsolsl in the Dak Lak province of Vietnam in three distinct seasons. Ten quinoa accession varieties include Leucan Boldo, Riobamba, 27 - 6R, EDK – 4, 59 – ALC, ISLUGA, Atlas, Cahuil, Moradas and Haiwan were examined. Field experiments were conducted based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in triplicated repeat. Various plant agronomical traits including plant height, branch number, the total number of the main bunch, length of the bunch, number of grains per bunch, grains weight, as well as the contents of protein, and starch were investigated. Finally, the biological and practical productivity of ten quinoa accessions was determined. In general, the obtained results showed that the quinoa varieties are grown from January to April 2020 (Season 1) had higher quality and yield than those grown in other seasons. Collectively, the variety Atlas showed the highest-quality indexes including agronomical traits such as approximately 37 branches per plant or its bunch length was around 27 cm, and its practical productivity was 22.2 quintals per hectare follow by the Moradas, Cahui, and Haiwan varieties. Taken together, our data indicated that the correlation of the seasonal factor in Dak Lak province of Vietnam is different for each quinoa variety
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Nikolic, Dragan, Zorica Rankovic-Vasic, Aleksandar Petrovic, Sasa Matijasevic, Nikolina Lisov, and Ivana Plavsic. "Characteristics of newly created grapevine varieties Vozd and Vladun." Genetika 54, no. 3 (2022): 991–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203991n.
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This paper presents the most important morphological and production-technological characteristics of newly created grapevine varieties Vozd and Vladun, intended for the production of red wines. The newly created varieties were compared with the standard variety Cabernet Sauvignon during the three-year period of testing (2015-2017) in the relation studied properties. The variety Vozd obtained from the crossing combination Zacinak x Prokupac, and the variety Vladun from the crossing combination Merlot x Zupski Bojadiser. The investigated varieties differed considerably in terms of some morphological traits and represents unique genotypes. The newly recognized varieties have a hermaphrodite type of flower, dense bunch, globose berry shape and blue black color of berry skin. The yield, bunch weight, bunch length and bunch width were higher at both varieties than for the standard variety. The Vozd variety had a yield of 1.29 kg/m2 and a bunch weight of 174.3 g, and the Vladun variety had a yield of 0.87 kg/m2 and a bunch weight of 153.7 g. For the standard variety the grape yield was 0.78 kg/m2 and the bunch weight was 134.0 g. The content of sugar and total acids in the must of the Vozd variety was 20.5% and 6.5 g/l, while for the Vladun variety it was 21.8% and 6.0 g/l respectively. Wine of both varieties was drinkable, harmonious, with a specific varietal of smell and taste and contained 12.1 vol. % of alcohol (Vozd variety), or 12.6 vol. % of alcohol (Vladun variety). Due to the many positive features of the grapes and wines from the Vozd and Vladun varieties, their spread to the production vineyards of Serbia is expected.
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Siregar, Heri Adriwan, Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi, Retno Diah Setiowati, and Edy Suprianto. "VEGETATIVE AND BUNCH COMPONENTS OF FIRST PSEUDOBACKCROSS OF Elaeis oleifera BRAZIL AND SURINAME ORIGIN IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 26, no. 1 (2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v26i1.13.
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An Attempt to combine the superior traits of Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis have been done through an interspecific hybrid cross and followed by pseudo-backcross 1 (pBC1). Observation of vegetative morphology and bunch components are presented in this paper. Two populations of pBC1 E. oleifera from the Suriname and Brazil origin were planted in 1990, 1993, 1995, and 2005, and were intensively observed for vegetative morphological properties and bunch components in November 2016 to February 2018. The results showed that almost all the individuals of pBC1 grew upright such as E. guineensis, no longer growing horizontally like the wild E. oleifera and the interspecific hybrid populations. The datas showed that the Suriname population plant architecture are compact or smaller than the Brazilian origin including the height increment and the size of the stem, the frond architecture and its components. Similarly, the bunch components show that the pBC1 Brazil is slightly superior to Suriname pBC1.
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Rubel, MHK, MM Hossain, MMH Hafiz, MM Rahman, and MR Khatun. "Effect of banana bunch covering technology for quality banana production in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 3 (2020): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i3.45149.
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This study was carried out at Horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in order to find out the effects of bunch covering materials on physio-morphological characters and shelf life of banana cv. Mehersagar. The experiment was undertaken during the period from July to November 2016 with four types of bunch covering materials namely white polythene bag, black polythene bag, blue polythene bag and old cloth along with control (no bunch covering). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with five replications. The results of the investigation revealed that blue polythene bag required significantly minimum days to harvest (76.80 days) and maximum days to harvest (97.80 days) were recorded for control. Maximum bunch weight (19.90 kg), finger length (19.59 cm) and finger diameter (3.56 cm) were recorded for blue polythene bag whereas control showed minimum bunch weight (15.20 kg), finger length (14.57 cm) and finger diameter (3.07 cm). It was observed that blue polythene bag covered fruits showed minimum disease infection (2.33%), insect infestation (2.33%) and physiological disorder (1%) compared to control which experienced maximum disease infection (12.67%), insect infestation (50%) and physiological disorder (13.40%). Weight loss (11.18%), pulp moisture (66.16%), peel moisture (70.41%), disease infection (40%), disease severity (70.25%), skin colour change (4.95) were also lower in blue polythene bag than non covering control fruits. The bunches covered with blue polythene bag exhibited superior results in respect of pulp thickness (3.45cm), pulp to peel ratio (2.49), pulp dry matter (33.84%), peel dry matter (29.59%), TSS (24.28 % Brix), shelf life (11.40 days) than the rest of bunch covering materials used in this study. It can be concluded that bunch covering showed significant effect on physio-morphological traits and quality of banana.
 Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 238-252, 2019
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Somkuwar, R. G., Rutuja D. Nale, Pooja Karande, et al. "Deciphering the morphological variability in grape germplasm." Indian Journal of Horticulture 81, no. 04 (2024): 372–78. https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2024.81.4.6.
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The aim of present study was to evaluate grape accessions that have been under cultivation in India for a long time. A high variability was found in the evaluated grape germplasm for the measured parameters. Mature leaf, shoot tip, bunch parameter, berry parameter, total soluble solids (TSS), and total acidity (TA) showed a wide variation. Significant positive correlation between bunch and berry traits and negative correlation between TSS and TA was recorded. According to the present finding, grape germplasm such as Aledo, Beni Zuiho, Crimson Seedless, Banqui Abyad, Kishmish Chernyi, Beauty Seedless, Blush Seedless, Arka Soma, Black Damas Rose and Convent Large Black showed superior fruit traits. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed a considerable fruit diversity in the studied grape germplasm. The characteristics of grape bunches and berries play a crucial role in quality evaluation, particularly for table grapes. The obtained data revealed phenotypic and genotypic variation within grape germplasm might be considered as characterizing gene pool that can contribute to the future grape breeding program.
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MURUGESAN, P., K. L. MARY RANI, D. RAMAJAYAM, et al. "Genetic diversity of vegetative and bunch traits of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) germplasm in India." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 7 (2015): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i7.50114.
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Knowledge on genetic diversity among breeding materials could be an invaluable aid in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) improvement strategies. Germplasm from primary/secondary centres of origin were collected during 1994 under FAO programme and planted in the gene bank at DOPR Research Centre, Palode during 1998 were studied for genetic diversity. Twenty six accessions representing three African countries (Guinea Bissau, Tanzania and Zambia) were studied using 50 individual palms. Thirty numbers of vegetative and bunch component traits recorded during 2008 to 2013 were analysed in this study. An attempt was made using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (SWDI) with an objective to understand the level of diversity in these traits. In general, mean of all the accessions exhibited high levels (0.694) of diversity. Mean diversity estimate (0.778) was highest in Tanzanian source closely followed by Zambia (0.727) and least value (0.576) was observed in Guinea Bissau. Low diversity values (<0.32) for bunch weight, shell thickness, single fruit, and nut weight noticed in Guinea Bissau when compared to other sources. Highest level of homozygosity (SWD=0) for spine length was observed in Guinea Bissau population and similar trend of homzygosity noticed in other traits also in GB accessions. These findings combined with other evaluation results suggest that "Tanzanian population" possess adequate genetic variability that is potentially useful for oil palm improvement program in India. More palms should be preserved for populations that have higher diversity and those with rare traits.
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Swaray, Senesie, Mohd Din Amiruddin, Mohd Y. Rafii, et al. "Influence of Parental Dura and Pisifera Genetic Origins on Oil Palm Fruit Set Ratio and Yield Components in Their D × P Progenies." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (2020): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111793.
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This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progenies and their parental genetic origins on fruit set and yield components. Twenty-four D × P progenies developed from 10 genetic origins were used for this study. Analysis of variance showed that there was genetic variability based on the evaluation of individual progenies. Deli Ulu Remis × Nigeria of progeny ECPHP500 recorded the highest bunch number (22.91), and fresh fruit bunch (184.62 kg palm−1 year−1) and Deli Banting dura × AVROS pisifera (ECPHP550) had the highest average bunch weight (10.36 kg bunch−1 year−1). Progenies PK4674 (61.12%) and PK4465 (60.93%) had the highest fruit set, and the highest oil yield of 52.66 kg bunch−1 was noticed by progeny PK4674. Estimation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic gain were calculated to establish the genetic variability. To validate the genetic disparity among the progenies, an unweighted pair-group procedure with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component was employed based on their quantitative traits. Through the UPGMA and principal component, the 24 progenies were clustered into 7 clusters, whereas cluster V had the highest fruit set (60.62%) and cluster IV had the highest oil yield (43.71 kg palm−1 year−1). For oil palm tissue culture and breeding programs, progeny PK4674 will be more useful for developing planting materials of high oil yielding with stable performance. However, we recommend that future studies incorporate molecular studies with conventional breeding.
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Miller, I. L., A. J. Norden, D. A. Knauft, and D. W. Gorbet. "Influence of Maturity and Fruit Yield on Susceptibility of Peanut to Cercosporidium personatum (Late Leafspot Pathogen)1." Peanut Science 17, no. 2 (1990): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-17-2-2.
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Abstract A positive relationship between both low pod yield and late maturity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with resistance to leafspot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk & Curt.) Deighton) has been observed in breeding material and germplasm. To study this association, three peanut genotypes (Early Bunch, Florunner, and Dixie Runner) varying in maturity and yield potential were grown both with and without fungicide spray. Lower yield and later maturity treatments were further imposed on these genotypes through floral bud removal. Removal of floral buds resulted in less leafspot injury, as measured by lesion number per leaf or by a leaf retention score. There was a significant cultivar × treatment interaction. Removal of floral buds significantly reduced pod yield for Early Bunch. The use of chlorothalonil improved yields for Early Bunch and Florunner, but not for Dixie Runner. The proportion of sound mature kernels was increased in Florunner and decreased in Early Bunch by the floral bud removal treatment with no fungicide. Trends for yield of sound mature kernels were similar to those of pod yields. The improved resistance, delayed maturity, and lower yield of treatments with floral bud removal may explain the association noted among three traits in breeding material.
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Rastgoo, Sasan, Fatemeh Bemani, Hamidreza Nooryazdan, and Mahmood Izadi. "Improving fruit set and yield of tissue cultured date palm cv. Berhi by using a combined pollination technique." Advances in Horticultural Science 37, no. 2 (2023): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13499.
Full textAbstract:
Tissue-cultured (TC) date palms produce no fruit or low yield due to abnormal fruit setting. To improve the yield of TC ‘Berhi’ palms, trees were pollinated using five pollen sources (Gantar, Ghannami, Mazafati, Zahedi, and Jarvis). The experiment was carried out in three replications for two successive years in a randomized complete blocks design. The fruit set, the fruit and seed physical traits at the Khalal stage, bunch weight at the Tamar and Khalal stages, ripeness of Tamar bunch, and the fruit quality at both Khalal and Tamar stages were measured and monitored. Year factor significantly affected the fruit set and the fruit and seed characteristics. Pollen sources affected fruit set and some seed characteristics significantly. Zahedi+Jarvis pollen treatment that induced 50% normal fruit set and the highest ratio of pulp to seed was found superior. It was also a top treatment in Khalal’s bunch weight (3.11 Kg). Zahedi+Gantar treatment was realized superior in Tamar’s bunch weight (6.00 Kg). Ghannami, Jarvis+Ghannami, and Zahedi+Jarvis treatments produced Khalal’s fruits with higher quality indices but Zahedi+Jarvis treatment was superior in fruit quality at the Tamar stage. Overall, the combined application of Zahedi and Jarvis pollens yielded the most desired outcomes.
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Devi Mayawi Isna, Mardaleni, and Putri Lukmanasari. "KARAKTER MORFOLOGI BUAH EMPAT JENIS PISANG (Mussa spp) LOKAL ASAL INDRAGIRI HULU." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 40, no. 3 (2025): 265–74. https://doi.org/10.25299/dp.2024.vol40(3).21359.
Full textAbstract:
Riau is home to a wealth of genetic resources distributed across various regions, including local banana varieties found in Indragiri Hulu. A study titled "Morphological Characteristics of Four Types of Bananas (Mussa spp)" was conducted from September to November 2023 to explore the morphological traits and shelf life of these local bananas. The study involved designing research parameters, collecting data through field identifications and observations, and analyzing the data using the STAR and DMRT applications at a 5% significance level. Kinship relationships were assessed using the MVSP 32 application with the UPGMA method, analyzed through NTSys-pc 2.1 software, with results presented in a dendrogram format. The study observed nine qualitative and eight quantitative morphological characteristics. The dendrogram revealed that the four local banana varieties from Indragiri Hulu could be grouped into two main clusters. The first group includes Banten, Kepok, and Lilin bananas, displaying a 50% similarity based on traits such as fruit shape, cross-section, and skin color before and after ripening. The second group consists of a single variety: Kepok bananas. Notably, Kepok and Banten bananas exhibited closer similarities based on characteristics such as fruit weight per fruit, the number of fruits per bunch, and fruit length. Overall, these four banana types exhibit diversity in traits related to the number of fruits per bunch and the thickness of the fruit skin.
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TAMPAKE, HELDERING, and H. T. LUNTUNGAN. "PENDUGAAN PARAMETER GENETIK DAN KORELASI ANTAR SIFAT-SIFAT MORFOLOGI KELAPA (Cocos nucifera, Linn)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 3 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.97-102.
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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter genetik dan korelasi antar sifat-sifat morfologi kelapa. Bahan lanaman yang digunakan adalah 19 populasi kelapa lokal hasil koleksi dan beberapa pulau di Indonesia, ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Jawa Barat pada tahun 1978 dan 1982. Tinggi tempat 450 m di atas permukaan laut dengan tipe iklim Bl menurut Oldeman. Jumlah tanaman 100 pohon, dengan jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m scgi empat untuk kelapa Dalam dan 60 pohon kelapa Genjah dengan jarak tanam 7 m x 7 m scgi empat sciiap populasi. Pengamatan dilaksanakan dalam dua lahap Mei-Agusius 1996 pada 14 populasi dan Juni-Agustus 2000 pada 5 populasi saat tanaman kelapa berumur 18 tahun. Tanaman yang diamati 4 pohon diulang 3 kali setiap populasi sehingga total tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 19x4x3 « 228 pohon. Sifat yang diamati meliputi sifat-sifat morfologi batang, daun dan rangkaian bunga Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas genetik sifal-sifal morfologi kelapa umumnya sempil. Beberapa sifat seperti: diameter batang 1,5 m dai permukaan lanah, panjang batang 11 bckas daun, langkai bunga tanpa bunga betina, dan jumlah bunga betina menunjukkan variabilitas genetik yang luas Pada umumnya hcritabilitas dalam am luas dan kemajuan genetik dalam persen untuk semua sifat tinggi, kecuali hentabilitas sifat tangkai bunga membawa bunga betina bemilai sedang. Terdapat korelasi genetik positif yang nyata pada sifat-sifat morfologi batang dengan daun dan rangkaian bunga, kecuali dengan jumlah bunga betina/tandan dan jumlah tandan/ph/lh. Dari 15 sifat yang diamati, hanya 6 sifat yang mempunyai korelasi genetik nyata dengan sifat jumlah bunga betina/tandan yaitu: diameter batang 1.5 m dari permukaan lanah (rg = -0.5215*), panjang batang 11 bckas daun (rg • -0.5369*), lebar anak daun (rg ■ -0.5961**), tebal tangkai landan (rg = 0.5802**), panjang rangkaian bunga (rg ■ -0,6143**), dan panjang tangkai bunga (rg = -0.4907*), sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kiteia seleksi untuk memperoleh jumlah bunga betina banyak per mayang pada lanaman kelapa.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa, parameter genetik, korelasi, sifat morfologi</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Correlation Between Morphological Traits in Coconut (Cocos nucifera, Linn)</strong></p><p>The objective of this experiment was to determine genetic parameters and correlation between morphological trails on the coconut population. A total of 19 local coconut populations were collected from some islands in Indonesia, planted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden, West Java in 1978 and 1982. The altitude is 450 meters above sea level with climate type Bl Oldeman. The total number of sample is 100 palms for each tall coconut with planting distance 9 x 9 m and 60 palms for each dwarf coconut with planting distance 7 x 7m. The observation was done in two steps i.e.: May - August 1996 on 14 populations and June - August 2000 on 5 populations when the coconut population was 18 years old. A number of 4 palms with 3 replications were observed of each population to measure morphological traits of he stem, leaf and inflorescence. Therefore, the total palms used in the experiment were 19 x 4 x 3 = 228. The results revealed that the genetic vaiability of coconut morphological trait were generally narrow. A few traits i.e.: stem diameter 1 5 m from ground level, stem length of 11 leaf scars, spadix without female flower, and number of female flowers/bunch showed a wide degree of variability. In general, the heritabilily estimates in broad sense and genetic gained in percent for all trails were high, except the henlability of spadix with female flower Irait was lowly. A positive significant genetic correlation were found to the morphology traits of stem with leaf and inllorcsccncc except Uic number of female flower/bunch and number of bunch/palm/ycar. From fifteen traits, only six traits had significant genetic correlation with the number of female flower Ihcy were diameter stem 1 5 m from ground level (rg 0.5215*), stem length of 11 leaf scars (rg - -0.5369'), leaflet width (rg - -0.5961**), peduncle thickness (rg 0.5802**), length of inflorescence (rg -0.6143**), and length of spadix (rg -0.4907*), and these traits could be used as selection criteria for selecting high female flower bunch on the coconut.</p><p>Keywords ;Cocos nucifera. genetic parameters, correlation, mor- phological trails</p>
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Ahmad, Naveed, Lei Hou, Junjie Ma, et al. "Bulk RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Lateral Branch Angle in Peanut." Genes 13, no. 5 (2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050841.
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Lateral branch angle (LBA), or branch habit, is one of the most important agronomic traits in peanut. To date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBA have not been elucidated in peanut. To acquire the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to LBA, a TI population was constructed through the hybridization of a bunch-type peanut variety Tifrunner and prostrate-type Ipadur. We report the identification of DEGs related to LBA by sequencing two RNA pools, which were composed of 45 F3 lines showing an extreme opposite bunch and prostrate phenotype. We propose to name this approach Bulk RNA-sequencing (BR-seq) as applied to several plant species. Through BR-seq analysis, a total of 3083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 13 gravitropism-related DEGs, 22 plant hormone-related DEGs, and 55 transcription factors-encoding DEGs. Furthermore, we also identified commonly expressed alternatively spliced (AS) transcripts, of which skipped exon (SE) and retained intron (RI) were most abundant in the prostrate and bunch-type peanut. AS isoforms between prostrate and bunch peanut highlighted important clues to further understand the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of branch angle regulation. Our findings provide not only important insights into the landscape of the regulatory pathway involved in branch angle formation but also present practical information for peanut molecular breeding in the future.
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Hamza, A.M., E.C. Okolo, S.G. Ado, I.S. Usman, and Collins Agho. "Estimates of Components of Variances for Bunch Traits in Date Palm Crosses (Phoenix dactylifera L)." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 7 (2013): 563–68. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.061013663.
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A field experiment was carried out at Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research date palm Research substation Dutse, Jigawa state during 2004-2005 flowering season. Biparental progenies derived from 60 crosses replicated twice were subjected to analysis of variance using nested design for the purpose of estimating additives, genetic and dominance components of variances of the seven bunch traits. Significant variation was observed for the traits studied. The male components of variances (σ2m) for all the traits were negative, indicating that the estimates were not different from zero or were very small. Positive estimates were recorded for females within male variance (σ2f/m), while Non-significant negative additive variances (σ2A) were obtained for all the traits. Dominance variance (σ2D) showed significant positive values for number of fruits, spikelets, aborted fruits and unfertilized florets. Positive estimates were recorded for environmental variance (σ2e), genotypic variance (σ2g) and phenotypic variance (σ2ph). In allcases phenotypic variance was much larger than the genotypic variance. Low environmental variance were obtained for the traits indicating that the environmental condition where the experiment was carried out is homogenous and the material could perform considerably well under similar environmental conditions. The means performance of the males indicates that variability exists between the males; Males 6R3 and 1R7 are good combiners with female 12R3 for number of fruits while males 1R12 and 5R2 are good combiners with female 12R3 for number of fruits. Female 2R8 is poor general combiners for number of fruits. Males 1R12 and 5R2 are good combiners with female 1R27 for weight of fruit while male 6R3 and 1R7 are good combiners with female 12R3 for fruit weight. Recurrent and backcross selection are recommended for further date palm improvement programs.