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1
Wagner, Bret J. "A genetic algorithm solution for one-dimensional bundled stock cutting." European Journal of Operational Research 117, no. 2 (1999): 368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(98)00244-6.
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Garroppo, Rosario G., Stefano Giordano, Gianfranco Nencioni, and Maria Grazia Scutellà. "Power-Aware Routing and Network Design with Bundled Links: Solutions and Analysis." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/154953.
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The paper deeply analyzes a novel network-wide power management problem, called Power-Aware Routing and Network Design with Bundled Links (PARND-BL), which is able to take into account both the relationship between the power consumption and the traffic throughput of the nodes and to power off both the chassis and even the single Physical Interface Card (PIC) composing each link. The solutions of the PARND-BL model have been analyzed by taking into account different aspects associated with the actual applicability in real network scenarios: (i) the time for obtaining the solution, (ii) the deployed network topology and the resulting topology provided by the solution, (iii) the power behavior of the network elements, (iv) the traffic load, (v) the QoS requirement, and (vi) the number of paths to route each traffic demand. Among the most interesting and novel results, our analysis shows that the strategy of minimizing the number of powered-on network elements through the traffic consolidation does not always produce power savings, and the solution of this kind of problems, in some cases, can lead to spliting a single traffic demand into a high number of paths.
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Tso, Man H., Jing Yuan, and Wai O. Wong. "Hybrid vibration absorber with detached design for global vibration control." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 20 (2016): 3414–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316631867.
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A new hybrid vibration absorber, with detached passive and active parts, is designed, analyzed and tested. This is an alternative approach in case the traditional bundled hybrid vibration absorber with collocated active and passive control elements cannot be applied. In fixed-free structures like buildings and towers, a passive dynamic vibration absorber is very popular for vibration control at or near the free ends. Active control may be introduced to improve performance, but space or weight may be limited in some applications. It may not be practical to attach an actuator near the passive part. The new approach provides more flexibility to retrofit a passive dynamic vibration absorber into a high performance hybrid vibration absorber by installing the actuator at a more suitable location than collocated with the passive part. The proposed hybrid vibration absorber is based on the pole-placement control strategy. Its controller is able to deal with a possible nonminimum-phase secondary path caused by noncollocated actuator sensors. This feature does not exist in a bundled hybrid vibration absorber with collocated actuator sensors. The performance of the new hybrid vibration absorber is analyzed in this study. Experimental and simulation results are used to verify the theoretical results and demonstrate the excellent performance of the new hybrid vibration absorber for vibration control at multiple points. A bundled hybrid vibration absorber with collocated passive and active elements is compared with the proposed hybrid vibration absorber with detached control elements, using experimental and simulation results. It was found that the vibration attenuation performance of the proposed hybrid vibration absorber can be better than the traditional bundled hybrid vibration absorber. The optimal actuator location, which is not necessarily the coupling point of the passive resonator, can be selected numerically by a proposed procedure. One could miss a better solution for vibration control if he/she only uses the bundled hybrid vibration absorber without considering the detached hybrid vibration absorber as a possible alternative.
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Kim, Young-Jin, Yuta Takahashi, Norihiro Kato, and Yukiko T. Matsunaga. "Fabrication of biomimetic bundled gel fibres using dynamic microfluidic gelation of phase-separated polymer solutions." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 41 (2015): 8154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb01395j.
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Cassi, Davide, and Sofia Regina. "Diffusion and Harmonic Oscillations on Bundled Structures: Analytical Techniques and Dynamical Dimension Splitting." Modern Physics Letters B 11, no. 23 (1997): 997–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984997001213.
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We present in details the general analytical techniques allowing to obtain the exact solution for random walks and harmonic oscillations problems on bundled graphs. These are networks obtained joining a copy of a fiber graph to each point of a base graph and are used as geometrical models for a wide class of real noncrystalline structures. The results show the remarkable phenomenon of dynamical dimension splitting: namely the noncoincidence of diffusive and vibrational spectral dimensions, usually supposed to be the same.
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Holst, Christoph, Tomislav Medić, and Heiner Kuhlmann. "Dealing with systematic laser scanner errors due to misalignment at area-based deformation analyses." Journal of Applied Geodesy 12, no. 2 (2018): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2017-0044.
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Abstract The ability to acquire rapid, dense and high quality 3D data has made terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) a desirable instrument for tasks demanding a high geometrical accuracy, such as geodetic deformation analyses. However, TLS measurements are influenced by systematic errors due to internal misalignments of the instrument. The resulting errors in the point cloud might exceed the magnitude of random errors. Hence, it is important to assure that the deformation analysis is not biased by these influences. In this study, we propose and evaluate several strategies for reducing the effect of TLS misalignments on deformation analyses. The strategies are based on the bundled in-situ self-calibration and on the exploitation of two-face measurements. The strategies are verified analyzing the deformation of the Onsala Space Observatory’s radio telescope’s main reflector. It is demonstrated that either two-face measurements as well as the in-situ calibration of the laser scanner in a bundle adjustment improve the results of deformation analysis. The best solution is gained by a combination of both strategies.
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Kon'kova, T. Ya. "Solution of the eigenvalue problem for the regular bundleD(λ)=λA 0−A 1 using deflated subspaces". Journal of Soviet Mathematics 28, № 3 (1985): 306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02104304.
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Siegel, D. L., and D. Branton. "Partial purification and characterization of an actin-bundling protein, band 4.9, from human erythrocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 3 (1985): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.3.775.
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Band 4.9 (a 48,000-mol-wt polypeptide) has been partially purified from human erythrocyte membranes. In solution, band 4.9 polypeptides exist as trimers with an apparent molecular weight of 145,000 and a Stokes radius of 50 A. Electron microscopy shows that the protein is a three-lobed structure with a radius slightly greater than 50 A. When gel-filtered rabbit muscle actin is polymerized in the presence of band 4.9, actin bundles are generated that are similar in appearance to those induced by "vinculin" or fimbrin. The bundles appear brittle and when they are centrifuged small pieces of filaments break off and remain in the supernatant. At low band 4.9 to actin molar ratios (1:30), band 4.9 lowers the apparent steady-state low-shear falling ball viscosity by sequestering filaments into thin bundles; at higher ratios, the bundles become thicker and obstruct the ball's movement leading to an apparent increase in steady-state viscosity. Band 4.9 increases the length of the lag phase and decreases the rate of elongation during actin polymerization as measured by high-shear Ostwald viscometry or by the increase in the fluorescence of pyrene-labeled actin. Band 4.9 does not alter the critical actin monomer concentration. We hypothesize that band 4.9, together with actin, erythrocyte tropomyosin, and spectrin, forms structures in erythroid precursor cells analogous to those formed by fimbrin, actin, tropomyosin, and TW 260/240 in epithelial brush borders. During erythroid development and enucleation, the actin filaments may depolymerize up to the membrane, leaving a membrane skeleton with short stubs of actin bundled by band 4.9 and cross-linked by spectrin.
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Zulkifli, Mohd Zamani, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Azri, Muhammad Khudhori Mohd Yusof, et al. "Elucidating the Capabilities of Mirrorless Large Core Bundled Plastic Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor for Paracetamol Detection." Journal of Sensors 2021 (July 3, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625780.
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A simple mirrorless plastic optical fiber displacement sensor was used to determine the concentration of paracetamol (PCM) in an aqueous solution. Paracetamol concentrations between 5 and 45 ppm were tested by the proposed sensor. With a mirror, the substantial sensitivity observed by an output power changed against displacement of 0.0403 mW/μm for the front slope and 0.023 mW/μm for the back slope with linearities of more than 99%. On the other hand, nonmirror reflector showed a sensitivity of 0.0006 mW/μm for the front slope and 0.0002 mW/μm for the back slope for the case of a red reflector and a sensitivity of 0.0007 mW/μm and 0.0003 mW/μm for the front and the back slope, respectively, for the case of a white reflector. The sensor sensitivity for the red and white coloured papers, which were used as the nonmirror reflectors and the mirror reflector itself against changing PCM concentrations, was 0.0004 mW/ppm, 0.0008 mW/ppm, and 0.02 mW/ppm, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the sensor was not only able to detect and measure the concentration of PCM in aqueous solutions but was also very stable with the additional advantages of a cost-effective and practical design that is highly beneficial for real-world sensing applications.
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van der Walt, Anneke, Helmut Butzkueven, Robert K. Shin, et al. "Developing a Digital Solution for Remote Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis: From Concept to Software as a Medical Device." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091247.
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There is increasing interest in the development and deployment of digital solutions to improve patient care and facilitate monitoring in medical practice, e.g., by remote observation of disease symptoms in the patients’ home environment. Digital health solutions today range from non-regulated wellness applications and research-grade exploratory instruments to regulated software as a medical device (SaMD). This paper discusses the considerations and complexities in developing innovative, effective, and validated SaMD for multiple sclerosis (MS). The development of SaMD requires a formalised approach (design control), inclusive of technical verification and analytical validation to ensure reliability. SaMD must be clinically evaluated, characterised for benefit and risk, and must conform to regulatory requirements associated with device classification. Cybersecurity and data privacy are also critical. Careful consideration of patient and provider needs throughout the design and testing process help developers overcome challenges of adoption in medical practice. Here, we explore the development pathway for SaMD in MS, leveraging experiences from the development of Floodlight™ MS, a continually evolving bundled solution of SaMD for remote functional assessment of MS. The development process will be charted while reflecting on common challenges in the digital space, with a view to providing insights for future developers.
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De Pauw, J., P. De Baets, W. De Waele, and R. Hojjati. "Contact mechanics in fretting fatigue." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 3 (2012): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i3.20575.
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This paper studies the contact mechanics in a line contact during fretting fatigue conditions. Inliterature one can find numerical and analytical solutions of normal and tangential stresses for a variety ofloading cases. However, a unified solution valid for all loading cases during fretting fatigue conditions is notavailable. We present in this paper a strategy to combine existing contact mechanics theories into a unifiedcalculation procedure. Therefore, the relevant contact mechanics theories for an idealized cylinder-on-flatcontact are selected and bundled. Two clear flowcharts group the existing theories, which results in aunified strategy that can easily be implemented in a programming language. A Matlab script wasprogrammed and calculates the normal and tangential stress distribution based on the applied forces, thegeometry of the contact, the coefficient of friction and the material properties. The present theory can beused to automate the calculation of the stress distributions, or as validation of new numerical techniques.The script is modular and can be extended to calculate the lifetime of a component, by adding lifetimecriteria.
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Kondoh, Katsuyoshi, Thotsaphon Threrujirapapong, Sun Bin, et al. "Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Titanium Composites via Powder Metallurgy Process." Key Engineering Materials 520 (August 2012): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.520.261.
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Un-bundled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were coated on titanium powder surface by using zwitterionic surfactant solution and mixing process, and their CNT/Ti composite powders were consolidated into full-dense materials by spark plasma sintering and the following hot extrusion process in solid-state. Wrought titanium powder metallurgy (PM) composites containing CNTs revealed extreme increment of yield stress and tensile strength of 85% and 50%, respectively, compared to conventional PM titanium with no reinforcement, while they had enough high ductility. The mechanical improvement was mainly due to dispersion strengthening effect of CNTs and in-situ formed TiC fine particles and a small mount of carbon solid solution into Ti matrix. In addition, the control of grain growth was promoted by TiC dispersoids during SPS, and contributed to their strengthening behavior. Furthermore, high-temperature tensile strength less than 673K of PM pure titanium materials was also obviously improved by the pinning effect of TiC particles dispersed at grain boundaries. In this paper, microstructural and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy titanium composites would be introduced in detail.
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Lim, Kyong Ho, Wol Soo Kim, Hyung Kee Lim, and Byeong Sam Kim. "Effective Cutting Methods and Media for Hardwood Cuttings in `Sunaga Wase' Peaches." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 497D—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.497d.
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This experiment was carried out to investigate the effective cutting methods and media for hardwood cuttings in `Sunaga Wase' peach (Prunus persica L.). Using 1-year-old peach stems out of winter pruning, the cutting stems were procurred through several steps on 16 Feb. 1995 and 1996. i) Cut 30 cm in length by pruning scissors and bundled to 10 stems; ii) 1-cm bottom part of cutting stem dipped into IBA (1000 ppm solution) for 5 s and then powdering with Captan WP; iii) upper part of cutting stem coated with Topsin paste; iv) standing the bundled cutting stems in the cutting bench filled with cutting media; v) the temperature maintained at 20 ± 1°C under the level of cutting media by bottom heating and at 5 to 10°C above the media level. Among the cutting media, vermiculite showed the highest rooting percentage, as much as 93.2%, followed by Jiffy pot and rockwool cube. High transplanting survival percentage under field conditions was obtained by the treatment of vermiculite of media + cutting duration for 35 days. Although the treatment of cutting duration for 55 days showed very high percentage of rooting, such as 96.4% in vermiculite, 78.3% in Jiffy pots, and 83.3% of rockwool cube, their percentage of nursery survival after transplanting were reduced remarkably less than 10% in nursery fields covered with black polyethylene film. The nursery trees obtained from each treatment were characteristically 136 to 146 cm in tree height and 22.9 to 26.8 cm in trunk diameter.
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Tata, Fidelio. "Price formation of FICC research following MiFID II unbundling rules." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 28, no. 1 (2019): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-02-2019-0018.
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Purpose Traditionally, full-service broker/dealers catering to institutional investors have bundled trade execution with investment research. Since 2018, new market regulation has forced broker/dealers to unbundle and to sell research separately. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the expected pricing of research. Design/methodology/approach A stylized model is presented in this study in which a monopolist fixed income, currencies and commodities (FICC) research provider faces a linear demand function and picks an appropriate price schedule. Findings It is shown that it is important to initiate the price discovery process using a low price and that some broker/dealers will not be able to identify a regulatory compliant price/quantity solution because their research-production fixed cost is very high compared to the research demand function they face. Practical implications There are three main findings from our model: pricing research at cost is not always possible; if there is a unique solution, an iterative approach only works when starting off with a low-enough initial price; and if there are two solutions, only the low-cost/high-volume solution can be discovered in an iterative process. Originality/value The results presented are important to broker/dealers about to discover the market demand for their FICC research publications on the back of the implementation of MiFID II. Having distributed FICC research for free in the past, they have no knowledge about the demand function (other than what is demanded at a price of zero). Because research publications are highly differentiated products, observing the pricing of competitors is insufficient. Iteratively gaining knowledge about the demand function using price adjustments and customer questionnaires becomes the most likely mean for discovering the demand function. It is important to initiate the price discovery process with a low price. Some broker/dealers will not be able to identify a regulatory compliant price/quantity solution because their research-production fixed cost is too high compared to the research demand function they face. Finally, it is shown that these broker/dealers with two possible equilibriums face difficulty in identifying the high-price/low-volume research equilibrium because of the non-converging nature of the iterative process.
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Barnes, Claire E., David M. English, and Shaun M. Cowley. "Acetylation & Co: an expanding repertoire of histone acylations regulates chromatin and transcription." Essays in Biochemistry 63, no. 1 (2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20180061.
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Abstract Packaging the long and fragile genomes of eukaryotic species into nucleosomes is all well and good, but how do cells gain access to the DNA again after it has been bundled away? The solution, in every species from yeast to man, is to post-translationally modify histones, altering their chemical properties to either relax the chromatin, label it for remodelling or make it more compact still. Histones are subject to a myriad of modifications: acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination etc. This review focuses on histone acylations, a diverse group of modifications which occur on the ε-amino group of Lysine residues and includes the well-characterised Lysine acetylation. Over the last 50 years, histone acetylation has been extensively characterised, with the discovery of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and global mapping experiments, revealing an association of hyperacetylated histones with accessible, transcriptionally active chromatin. More recently, there has been an explosion in the number of unique short chain ‘acylations’ identified by MS, including: propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, malonylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation. These novel modifications add a range of chemical environments to histones, and similar to acetylation, appear to accumulate at transcriptional start sites and correlate with gene activity.
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Oftedal, Elin Merethe, Lene Foss, and Tatiana Iakovleva. "Responsible for Responsibility? A Study of Digital E-health Startups." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195433.
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Responsible innovation (RI) has received increased attention from policymakers and academics as a solution to grand challenges and is viewed as the main driver for innovation. The United Nations has suggested 17 Sustainable Development Goals and responsible innovation can be seen as a tool that allows the movement of society towards reducing inequality, coping with environmental challenges and sustaining countries’ economic and societal development. Our knowledge of how businesses act responsibly in solving these challenges is scarce. An inductive analysis of 14 e-health startups in Norway, shows that responsibility is highly prevalent. Entrepreneurs have instant contact with users (patients or healthcare professionals), which increases inclusiveness, anticipation and reflection as the main elements of responsibility. However, firms’ contextual and strategic awareness of responsibility remains low, which means an absence of focused strategies to exercise responsibility. Consequently, entrepreneurial startups are prevented from reaching broader stakeholders and fully reflecting the knowledge obtained. Moreover, RI activities are often bundled with other activities on the “path” to successful commercialization. This paper contributes to and enriches the current RI understanding from a firm perspective and suggests some implications for practitioners as well as policymakers to enhance sustainable development in the healthcare sector.
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Sotir, Robbin B., and Michael A. McCaffrey. "Stabilization of High Soil and Rock Cut Slope by Soil Bioengineering and Conventional Engineering." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1589, no. 1 (1997): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1589-15.
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Construction of a 274.5-m-long (900-ft) and 24.4-m-high (80-ft) soil (upper) and rock (lower) cut slope on the eastbound side of the Massachusetts Turnpike at mile mark 94.1 eastbound for the proposed interchange with Route 146 combined conventional engineering and soil bioengineering solutions. Geologic mapping identified three sections (east, middle, and west) that had different patterns of rock discontinuities, which controlled rock cut design. Each required a different slope design for a stable rock cut. The soil cut design was controlled by soil density, groundwater seepage, and erosion potential from seepage and surface runoff. Soil bioengineering was used to control surface drainage and erosion on the cut soil slope above the 12.2-m-high (40-ft) rock cut and rapidly revegetate the disturbed soil slope, which addressed the project's environmental and aesthetic goals. Conventional crushed-stone drains augment the living soil bioengineering drains. Woody vegetation was used to reinforce the cut soil slope surface. Branches from native living woody plants were installed into the slope face, offering surface reinforcement. Root development along branch lengths provided additional reinforcement. The hydrologic regime was modified as growing plants remove moisture through transpiration and embedded bundled branches channel water off the slope. Basic soil bioengineering stabilization principles by using live fascines and brush layers for soil and rock cut slope stabilization are presented. Discussions include preconstruction conditions, environmental benefits, vegetation harvesting and design, installation, and performance as of October 1996. Cut slope stabilization through soil bioengineering produced an environmentally, aesthetically, and mechanically sound solution, illustrating the benefits of combined technologies.
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Kubel, C., D. P. Lawrence, and D. C. Martin. "Low Dose High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) Analysis of Regularly Twisted Poly(m-Phenylene Diisophthalamide) (MPDI) Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038083.
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Poly(m-phenylene diisophthalamide) (MPDI) is an all-aromatic polyamide used to manufacture thermally stable high strength fibers (Nomex® by DuPont). The X-ray diffraction data of the commercial solution-spun fiber is in good agreement with a triclinic unit cell structure proposed by Kakida et al. with hydrogen bonds forming a two dimensional network approximately orthogonal to the polymer main chain. When MPDI dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is crystallized over several weeks by exposure to a non-solvent (water) in a diffusion vessel, the polymer precipitates into uniform, regularly twisted crystalline bundles (Figure 1).TEM images show that the bundles consist of 1-8 individual strands and can reach a length of 20 microns. The pitch and the diameter of these bundles are uniform along the visible length for each bundle but depend on the number of strands per bundle. The diameter of an individual strand is 20-50 nm resulting in a diameter of 20-300 nm for a bundle and a “macroscopic” pitch of 200-1000 nm (Figure 2).
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Imai, Hisashi, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, and Junko Umeda. "Mechanical Properties of PM CNT-Dispersed Cu Composite." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.320.
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Microstructural and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy (PM) with carbon nanotube (CNTs) dispersed copper (Cu) composites were investigated in detail. Pure copper powder was coated with un-bundled CNTs by using the zwitterionic surfactant solution containing CNTs. The powder rolling process was applied to increase the powder surface area to be coated with CNTs. The total rolling reduction of Cu-CNT composite powder by 5 steps rolling was about 75%. With increasing the number of rolling steps, the content of CNTs coated on the Cu powder surface increased because of the increment of the flat surface area of flaky Cu rolled powder. As a result, the CNT content was 0.67mass% after 5 steps powder rolling. It was about twice as that of as-coated Cu-CNT composite powder without rolling. The grain size of PM extruded Cu-CNT composite was about one fifth of that of the extruded monolithic Cu material without CNT. Yield stress of the extruded Cu-CNT composite via the rolling process was 192 MPa, which is about twice that of the extruded monolithic Cu material (88 MPa). CNTs distributed at primary particle boundaries were effective to prevent the grain coarsening by their pinning effects, and this grain refinement was the main strengthening factor of the Cu-CNT composite via rolling process.
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Foster, Charles, Kathy Ackerman, Vera Hupertz, et al. "Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Reduction in the Solutions for Patient Safety Pediatric Safety Engagement Network." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s152—s153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.672.
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Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Catheter insertion and maintenance bundles have been developed to prevent CAUTIs, but they have not been extensively validated for use in pediatric populations. We report the CAUTI prevention efforts of a large network of children’s hospitals. Methods: Children’s hospitals joined the Solution for Patient Safety (SPS) safety engagement network from 2011 through 2017 and elected to participate in CAUTI prevention efforts, with 26 hospitals submitting data initially and 128 participating by the end. CAUTI prevention recommendations were first released in May 2012, and insertion and maintenance bundles were released in May 2014 (Table 1). Hospitals reported on CAUTIs, patient days, urinary catheter line days (CLD), and they tracked reliability to each bundle. For the network, control charts were used to plot CAUTI rates, urinary catheter utilization, and reliability to each bundle component. Results: Following the introduction of the pediatric CAUTI insertion and maintenance bundles, CAUTI rates across the network decreased 61.6%, from 2.55 to 0.98 infections per 1,000 CLD (Fig. 1). Centerline shifts occurred both before and after the 2015 CDC CAUTI definition change, which may also have contributed to a centerline shift. Urinary catheter utilization rates did not decline during the intervention period. Network reliability to the insertion and maintenance bundles increased to 95.4% and 86.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Insertion and maintenance bundles aimed at preventing CAUTIs were introduced across a large network of children’s hospitals. Across the network, the rate of urinary tract infections among hospitalized children with indwelling urinary catheters decreased 61.6%.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Yin, Shanqing, Phaik Kooi Lim, and Yoke Hwee Chan. "Improving hand hygiene compliance with patient zone demarcation: More than just lines on the floor." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 24, no. 3 (2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043518816148.
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Background Hand hygiene compliance can be difficult to improve as this prospective activity may not come to mind easily during busy clinical operations. Clinicians are often driven by clinical goals under time pressure, and the sudden recall to clean hands can either be disruptive or too late. Using patient zones as a reference has been known to be helpful. A low-tech solution of taping patient zones on the floor was introduced in a children’s intensive care unit. Coupled with this demarcation is a simplified protocol that uses patient zones for “just-in-time” reminders. Clinicians now clean their hands whenever they cross zone lines, namely “ before patient zone” and “ after patient zone”, along with “ before aseptic procedure” and “ after bodily fluids exposure”. Methods The mandatory national quarterly hand hygiene surveillance data for children’s intensive care unit and the entire hospital was tracked. Seven pre-intervention and seven post-intervention quarters were compared for improvement and sustainability. Results Overall, children’s intensive care unit hand hygiene compliance rose from an average of 77% to 90%, as well as physicians' hand hygiene compliance rates from 72% to 86%, and these differences are statistically significant. Hand Hygiene Moment 1 as defined by World Health Organization benefited the most from this intervention. Discussion Patient zone demarcation, along with more intuitive hand hygiene guidelines, is a cost-effective, operationally sensitive intervention that can improve hand hygiene compliance. The bundled solution taps on human factors science in understanding the cognitive challenges faced by clinicians. The positive effects are most profound in multi-bed cubicles where patient zones and infection control barriers are not clearly visible.
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Sardanashvily, Gennadi. "Cohomology of the variational complex in the class of exterior forms of finite jet order." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 30, no. 1 (2002): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171202012097.
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We obtain the cohomology of the variational complex on the infinite-order jet space of a smooth fiber bundle in the class of exterior forms of finite jet order. In particular, this provides a solution of the global inverse problem of the calculus of variations of finite order on fiber bundles.
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Hänsch, R., I. Drude, and O. Hellwich. "MODERN METHODS OF BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT ON THE GPU." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-43-2016.
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The task to compute 3D reconstructions from large amounts of data has become an active field of research within the last years. Based on an initial estimate provided by structure from motion, bundle adjustment seeks to find a solution that is optimal for all cameras and 3D points. The corresponding nonlinear optimization problem is usually solved by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm combined with conjugate gradient descent. While many adaptations and extensions to the classical bundle adjustment approach have been proposed, only few works consider the acceleration potentials of GPU systems. This paper elaborates the possibilities of time and space savings when fitting the implementation strategy to the terms and requirements of realizing a bundler on heterogeneous CPUGPU systems. Instead of focusing on the standard approach of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization alone, nonlinear conjugate gradient descent and alternating resection-intersection are studied as two alternatives. The experiments show that in particular alternating resection-intersection reaches low error rates very fast, but converges to larger error rates than Levenberg-Marquardt. PBA, as one of the current state-of-the-art bundlers, converges slower in 50 % of the test cases and needs 1.5-2 times more memory than the Levenberg- Marquardt implementation.
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Hänsch, R., I. Drude, and O. Hellwich. "MODERN METHODS OF BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT ON THE GPU." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-43-2016.
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The task to compute 3D reconstructions from large amounts of data has become an active field of research within the last years. Based on an initial estimate provided by structure from motion, bundle adjustment seeks to find a solution that is optimal for all cameras and 3D points. The corresponding nonlinear optimization problem is usually solved by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm combined with conjugate gradient descent. While many adaptations and extensions to the classical bundle adjustment approach have been proposed, only few works consider the acceleration potentials of GPU systems. This paper elaborates the possibilities of time and space savings when fitting the implementation strategy to the terms and requirements of realizing a bundler on heterogeneous CPUGPU systems. Instead of focusing on the standard approach of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization alone, nonlinear conjugate gradient descent and alternating resection-intersection are studied as two alternatives. The experiments show that in particular alternating resection-intersection reaches low error rates very fast, but converges to larger error rates than Levenberg-Marquardt. PBA, as one of the current state-of-the-art bundlers, converges slower in 50 % of the test cases and needs 1.5-2 times more memory than the Levenberg- Marquardt implementation.
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Kydonakis, Georgios. "Model Higgs Bundles in Exceptional Components of the Sp(4,R)-Character Variety." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 14, no. 2 (2018): 7744–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v14i2.7444.
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We establish a gluing construction for Higgs bundles over a connected sum of Riemann surfaces in terms of solutions to the Sp(4,R)-Hitchin equations using the linearization of a relevant elliptic operator. The construction can be used to provide model Higgs bundles in all the 2g-3 exceptional components of the maximal Sp(4,R)-Higgs bundle moduli space, which correspond to components solely consisted of Zariski dense representations. This alsoallows a comparison between the invariants for maximal Higgs bundles and the topological invariants for Anosov representations constructed by O. Guichard and A. Wienhard.
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Kydonakis, Georgios. "Model Higgs bundles in exceptional components of the Sp(4, ℝ)-character variety". International Journal of Mathematics 32, № 09 (2021): 2150067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x21500671.
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We establish a gluing construction for Higgs bundles over a connected sum of Riemann surfaces in terms of solutions to the [Formula: see text]-Hitchin equations using the linearization of a relevant elliptic operator. The construction can be used to provide model Higgs bundles in all the [Formula: see text] exceptional components of the maximal [Formula: see text]-Higgs bundle moduli space, which correspond to components solely consisting of Zariski dense representations. This also allows a comparison between the invariants for maximal Higgs bundles and the topological invariants for Anosov representations constructed by Guichard and Wienhard.
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Pastor-Bernier, Alexandre, Arkadiusz Stasiak, and Wolfram Schultz. "Reward-specific satiety affects subjective value signals in orbitofrontal cortex during multicomponent economic choice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 30 (2021): e2022650118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022650118.
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Sensitivity to satiety constitutes a basic requirement for neuronal coding of subjective reward value. Satiety from natural ongoing consumption affects reward functions in learning and approach behavior. More specifically, satiety reduces the subjective economic value of individual rewards during choice between options that typically contain multiple reward components. The unconfounded assessment of economic reward value requires tests at choice indifference between two options, which is difficult to achieve with sated rewards. By conceptualizing choices between options with multiple reward components (“bundles”), Revealed Preference Theory may offer a solution. Despite satiety, choices against an unaltered reference bundle may remain indifferent when the reduced value of a sated bundle reward is compensated by larger amounts of an unsated reward of the same bundle, and then the value loss of the sated reward is indicated by the amount of the added unsated reward. Here, we show psychophysically titrated choice indifference in monkeys between bundles of differently sated rewards. Neuronal chosen value signals in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) followed closely the subjective value change within recording periods of individual neurons. A neuronal classifier distinguishing the bundles and predicting choice substantiated the subjective value change. The choice between conventional single rewards confirmed the neuronal changes seen with two-reward bundles. Thus, reward-specific satiety reduces subjective reward value signals in OFC. With satiety being an important factor of subjective reward value, these results extend the notion of subjective economic reward value coding in OFC neurons.
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Derom, E., S. Janssens, V. De Bock, and M. Decramer. "Theophylline minimally alters contractile properties of canine diaphragm in vitro." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 4 (1990): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1390.
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We examined the effects of theophylline on contractile properties and high-frequency fatigue of canine diaphragm in vitro. Eighteen diaphragm muscle bundles were obtained from 10 anesthetized dogs and equilibrated in oxygenated Krebs solution to 100, 200, or 300 mg/l theophylline. These bundles were compared with 18 matched control bundles from the contralateral hemidiaphragm. No statistically significant differences in twitch tension, tetanic tension, twitch-to-tetanus ratio, time to peak tension, or half-relaxation time were observed. Concentrations of 300 mg/l theophylline, however, significantly (P less than 0.05) increased force production at 10 Hz by 32%. A similar tendency was present at lower concentrations and exhibited a clear dose-response behavior. High-frequency fatigue was similar in control and theophylline-treated bundles. We conclude that supratherapeutic in vitro concentrations of theophylline do not increase maximal tetanic tension and do not protect against muscle fatigue but potentiate relative force production at low stimulation frequencies. This relatively small effect cannot be explained by poor diffusion of the drug in the muscle bundle, because theophylline concentrations in the muscle bath and in the muscle bundle were virtually identical. Moreover, it remains unclear whether this potentially beneficial effect can be achieved at in vivo attainable serum concentrations.
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Abdul Kadir, Kureshi, and Mohd Hasan. "Performance Optimization and Comparison of CNT Interconnect with Copper at VDSM Technology." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 2 (2013): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v6i2.3812.
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As the CMOS process technology continues to scale, standard copper (Cu) interconnect will become a major hurdle for the best performance at very deep submicron (VDSM) technology node. The carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles have potential to provide an attractive solution for the higher resistivity and electromigration problems faced by traditional copper interconnects in VDSM technology node. This paper presents important guidelines to minimize the resistance, capacitance and inductance of a mixed CNT bundle interconnect for achieving best performance. The performance of mixed CNT bundle and copper is then compared at local and global interconnects level at 22nm technology node. HSPICE simulations carried out using Berkeley predictive technology model (BPTM) at an operating frequency of 1GHz, shows that for interconnect length of 1000um, the mixed CNT and optimized CNT (CNT_Opt) bundles are 1.98X and 2.20X faster, 74% and 84% more energy efficient respectively than the Copper interconnects.
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Seo, Deok Min, Myung Gwan Hahm, and Young Lae Kim. "Bundle Size Engineering of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Silica Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6379358.
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Small and large single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) bundles from different-sized cobalt catalyst clusters have been synthesized and prepared through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method by using Co-acetate ethanol solution with silica nanoparticles. By controlling concentration of Co-acetate ethanol solution (0.2 wt% and 0.4 wt%), various sizes and types of bundle of SWCNTs are grown on the silica nanoparticle substrates. Synthesized SWCNT’s diameter ranged from 0.92 nm to 1.63 nm, and chirality of SWCNTs and their electronic property from high concentration solution show diverse characteristics. In high concentration solution, the large number of cobalt clusters is induced to merge on the surface of silica nanoparticles and then lots of nucleation points are provided by cobalt clusters for growth of SWNTs. These results give us a promising path to selectively synthesize various types of SWCNTs with different shapes of merged cobalt catalyst. Engineering bundle sizes of SWCNTs can be promising key for diverse applications of carbon nanotubes.
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Zhang, Huixi Violet, Frank Polzer, Michael J. Haider, et al. "Computationally designed peptides for self-assembly of nanostructured lattices." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (2016): e1600307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600307.
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Folded peptides present complex exterior surfaces specified by their amino acid sequences, and the control of these surfaces offers high-precision routes to self-assembling materials. The complexity of peptide structure and the subtlety of noncovalent interactions make the design of predetermined nanostructures difficult. Computational methods can facilitate this design and are used here to determine 29-residue peptides that form tetrahelical bundles that, in turn, serve as building blocks for lattice-forming materials. Four distinct assemblies were engineered. Peptide bundle exterior amino acids were designed in the context of three different interbundle lattices in addition to one design to produce bundles isolated in solution. Solution assembly produced three different types of lattice-forming materials that exhibited varying degrees of agreement with the chosen lattices used in the design of each sequence. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the nanostructure of the sheetlike nanomaterials. In contrast, the peptide sequence designed to form isolated, soluble, tetrameric bundles remained dispersed and did not form any higher-order assembled nanostructure. Small-angle neutron scattering confirmed the formation of soluble bundles with the designed size. In the lattice-forming nanostructures, the solution assembly process is robust with respect to variation of solution conditions (pH and temperature) and covalent modification of the computationally designed peptides. Solution conditions can be used to control micrometer-scale morphology of the assemblies. The findings illustrate that, with careful control of molecular structure and solution conditions, a single peptide motif can be versatile enough to yield a wide range of self-assembled lattice morphologies across many length scales (1 to 1000 nm).
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Gillespie, P. G., and A. J. Hudspeth. "High-purity isolation of bullfrog hair bundles and subcellular and topological localization of constituent proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 112, no. 4 (1991): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.625.
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The small number of hair cells in auditory and vestibular organs severely impedes the biochemical characterization of the proteins involved in mechano-electrical transduction. By developing an efficient and clean "twist-off" method of hair bundle isolation, and by devising a sensitive, nonradioactive method to detect minute quantities of protein, we have partially overcome this limitation and have extensively classified the proteins of the bundles. To isolate hair bundles, we glue the saccular macula of the bullfrog to a glass coverslip, expose the tissue to a molten agarose solution, and allow the agarose to solidify to a firm gel. By rotating the gel disk with respect to the fixed macula, we isolate the hair bundles by shearing them at their mechanically weak bases. The plasma membranes of at least 80% of the stereocilia reseal. To visualize the proteins of the hair bundle, we covalently label them with biotin, separate them by SDS-PAGE, and transfer them to a charged nylon membrane. We can detect less than 500 fg of protein by probing the membrane with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and detecting the chemiluminescent product from the hydrolysis of the substrate 3-(4-methoxyspiro-(1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-tricyclo-[3.3.1. 1(3.7)]decan)-4-yl) phenyl phosphate (AMPPD). These techniques reveal a distinct constellation of proteins in and associated with hair bundles. Several proteins, such as calmodulin, calbindin, actin, tubulin, and fimbrin, have previously been described. A second class of proteins in the preparation appears to be derived from extracellular sources. Finally, several heretofore undescribed bundle proteins are identified and characterized by their membrane topology, subcellular localization, and glycosidase and protease sensitivities.
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Garcia-Fernandez, Mario. "T-dual solutions of the Hull–Strominger system on non-Kähler threefolds." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2020, no. 766 (2020): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2019-0013.
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AbstractWe construct new examples of solutions of the Hull–Strominger system on non-Kähler torus bundles over K3 surfaces, with the property that the connection {\nabla} on the tangent bundle is Hermite–Yang–Mills. With this ansatz for the connection {\nabla}, we show that the existence of solutions reduces to known results about moduli spaces of slope-stable sheaves on a K3 surface, combined with elementary analytical methods. We apply our construction to find the first examples of T-dual solutions of the Hull–Strominger system on compact non-Kähler manifolds with different topology.
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ÁLVAREZ-CÓNSUL, LUIS, and OSCAR GARCÍA-PRADA. "DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION, ${\rm SL} (2, {\mathbb C})$-EQUIVARIANT BUNDLES AND STABLE HOLOMORPHIC CHAINS." International Journal of Mathematics 12, no. 02 (2001): 159–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x01000745.
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In this paper we study gauge theory on [Formula: see text]-equivariant bundles over X × ℙ1, where X is a compact Kähler manifold, ℙ1 is the complex projective line, and the action of [Formula: see text] is trivial on X and standard on ℙ1. We first classify these bundles, showing that they are in correspondence with objects on X — that we call holomorphic chains — consisting of a finite number of holomorphic bundles ℰi and morphisms ℰi → ℰi-1. We then prove a Hitchin–Kobayashi correspondence relating the existence of solutions to certain natural gauge-theoretic equations and an appropriate notion of stability for an equivariant bundle and the corresponding chain. A central tool in this paper is a dimensional reduction procedure which allow us to go from X × ℙ1 to X.
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Duncan, Stephen, Ankur Patel, Gary Delhougne, and Corey Patrick. "Can the Choice of Cementless Implants and Bearings during Total Hip Arthroplasty Have an Impact on the Overall Costs within a Bundled Payment Model?" Journal of Hip Surgery 04, no. 02 (2020): 066–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712520.
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AbstractThe comprehensive care for joint replacement model from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services and similar programs from other payers make hospitals and health care systems more responsible for better clinical and economic outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate hospital-related clinical and economic outcomes of using the cementless R3 cup and Polarstem with an oxidized zirconium bearing compared with other cementless hip systems using a ceramic bearing in THA patients. We retrospectively reviewed primary THA patients from the premier perspective database between 2014 and 2018Q3. Patients with R3 cup and Polarstem with an oxidized zirconium bearing were identified using appropriate keywords from billing records and compared against cementless and ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) THA patients who did not meet the keywords' criteria. Patients were excluded if they were < 21 years of age; outpatient hospital discharges; evidence of revision THA; bilateral THA in same discharge or different discharges. 1:3 propensity score matching was used to control patients' demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics. Generalized estimating equation model with appropriate distribution and link function was used to estimate hospital-related cost while logistic regression models were used to estimate discharged status, transfusion, and 30-days readmission. The study matched 818 R3/Polarstem with oxidized zirconium bearing patients with 2,454 CoP cementless THA patients. Length of stay for the R3/Polarstem patients (mean = 1.61 days; confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–1.80) was significantly lower (p-value ≤ 0.0001) than CoP THA patients (mean = 2.06 days; CI = 1.95–2.17). R3/Polarstem hip patients were 36% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36; CI = 1.07–1.72; p-value = 0.0112) more likely to be discharged to home/home health care, 18% (OR = 0.82; CI = 0.63–1.06; p-value = 0.1235) less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), 84% less likely to have transfusion (OR = 0.16; CI = 0.09–0.29; p-value ≤ 0.0001), and 44% (OR = 0.56; CI = 0.32–0.98; p-value = 0.0412) less likely to readmitted within 30 days than CoP THA patients. Mean total hospital costs was marginally higher for R3/Polarstem patients (mean = $15,611; vs. $15,002; p-value = 0.0041) than CoP THA patients. While the total hospital costs for the R3/Polarstem was higher than CoP, the reduced length of stay, reduced discharge to SNF, and lower readmission rates can help to save money in the bundled payment and make the use of certain cementless hip systems a potential cost saving solution.
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Makhutov, N. A., M. M. Gadenin, and O. N. Yudina. "The scientific analysis of risks in life-support of a person, a society and the state." Issues of Risk Analysis 16, no. 2 (2019): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-2-70-86.
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It is showed that the key factor at the solution of problems of an estimation and control of risks for social, natural and technogenic spheres is use of the concept of the analysis and monitoring of the risks, founded on determination of base parameters of a current and probable dangerous state of analyzed socially-natural-technogenic system. Importance of safety maintenance and protect-ability tasks of basic practices and appearances in such system is interlinked to spreading of scientific possibilities and actual methods of decrease of risks, and also with an in-depth analysis of a spectrum of dangers, defiances, threats, crises, emergency situations, disasters at increment of losses from them to a person, a society, the state, an environment and an ability to live of infrastructure. The universal quantitative measure of probabilities of initiation and implementation of the indicated unfavorable events and processes in a combination to accompanying them losses are risks of the stacked state and prospects of evolution of considered system. Builted on results of corresponding comprehensive analysis the theory, algorithms and program complexes for determination, maintenances and raises of protectability of objects in social, natural and technogenic spheres taking into account the bundled to them risks are scientific baseline for a justification of decrease of their interlinked values to acceptable level. Making and service of objects and an infrastructure of ability to live for a person, a society and the state on the basis of a meeting the requirements to acceptable levels of risks and to guard of objects from accidents and disasters present an essence of transition to new level of the state strategic planning certified to the strategy of national safety of Russia.
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Tuli, Kapil R., Ajay K. Kohli, and Sundar G. Bharadwaj. "Rethinking Customer Solutions: From Product Bundles to Relational Processes." Journal of Marketing 71, no. 3 (2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.3.001.
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This study draws on depth interviews with 49 managers in customer firms and 55 managers in supplier firms and on discussions with 21 managers in two focus groups to propose a new way of thinking about customer solutions. Extant literature and suppliers interviewed for this study view a solution as a customized and integrated combination of goods and services for meeting a customer's business needs. In contrast, customers view a solution as a set of customer–supplier relational processes comprising (1) customer requirements definition, (2) customization and integration of goods and/or services and (3) their deployment, and (4) postdeployment customer support, all of which are aimed at meeting customers' business needs. The relational process view can help suppliers deliver more effective solutions at profitable prices. In addition, field research suggests that the effectiveness of a solution depends not only on supplier variables but also on several customer variables. Supplier variables include contingent hierarchy, documentation emphasis, incentive externality, customer interactor stability, and process articulation. Customer variables include adaptiveness to supplier offerings and political and operational counseling that a customer provides to a supplier. Several of these variables underscore the importance of suppliers developing social capital with customers. The authors discuss implications for solution suppliers and identify areas for further research.
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Lee, Sangeui, Shinje Cho, Hajin Kim, Intaek Han, and Yoonchul Sohn. "Highly conductive MWNT/silicone composite with low density MWNT bundles." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (2015): 000638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-tha42.
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The MWNT/silicone composites were fabricated with two different kinds of MWNT bundles using mass production compatible three roll milling process. Density of MWNT bundles could be controlled by fabrication process of metal precursors. The difference of order of agglomeration of the MWNTs was turned out to be closely related with dispersion of the MWNTs in the composites. Though same composition of catalyst was used, catalyst powder made from gelation of the precursors followed by flame synthesis (FS) consisted of chunk-type particles, while that originated from spray of the precursor solution followed by thermal decomposition (STD) was composed of thin sheet-like particles. After CVD growth of MWNTs, the MWNT bundles were entangled to form large chunks for FS catalyst but they maintained with rod-like morphology for STD catalyst. Furthermore, individual bundle of STD-MWNTs also revealed lower density with more room inside the bundles, which resulted in the composite having higher electrical conductivity due to effective dispersion of STD-MWNTs in the composites. In this study, high electrical conductivity over 1,000 S/m was obtained with the composite of STD-MWNT/silicone. For the first time, direct correlation between morphology of CNT catalysts and physical property of CNT/polymer composite was demonstrated in an experimental manner.
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Rowe, R. K., R. W. I. Brachman, M. S. Hosney, W. A. Take, and D. N. Arnepalli. "Insight into hydraulic conductivity testing of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) exhumed after 5 and 7 years in a cover." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 8 (2017): 1118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0473.
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Four geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) serving as single liners were exhumed from below 0.7 m of silty sand on a 3:1 (horizontal:vertical) north-facing slope at the QUELTS site in Godfrey, Ontario, after 5 and 7 years. The 300 mm GCL overlaps with 0.4 kg/m supplemental bentonite were all physically intact. The exchangeable bound sodium was completely replaced with divalent cations. The GCL with the smallest needle-punched bundle size (average of 0.7 mm) and percentage area covered by bundles (4%) maintained low hydraulic conductivity (k) when tested under 0.07–1.2 m head with 10 mmol/L CaCl2 solution as the permeant. For GCLs with larger bundles (1.1–1.6 mm) and higher percentage area covered by bundles (9%–14%), k was low when the head was low (0.07 m). Once the applied head increased, k increased by 1–4 orders of magnitude depending on the (i) hydraulic gradient, (ii) size and number of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure and mass of the bentonite per unit area. The results suggest that the GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers providing that the head above the GCL is kept low (e.g., by a suitable drainage layer above the GCL).
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Cavarretta, Fabrice L. "On the hard problem of selecting bundles of rules: a conceptual exploration of heuristic emergence processes." Management Decision 59, no. 7 (2021): 1598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-09-2019-1322.
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PurposeSo far, the simplicity of heuristics has been mostly studied at the rule level. However, actors' bounded rationality implies that small bundles of rules drive behavior. This study thus conducts a conceptual elaboration around such bundling. This leads to reflections on the various processes of heuristic emergence and to qualifications of the respective characteristics of basic heuristic classes.Design/methodology/approachDetermining which rules – out of many possible ones – to select in one's small bundle constitutes a difficult combinatorial problem. Fortunately, past research has demonstrated that solutions can be found in evolutionary mechanisms. Those converge toward bundles that are somewhat imperfect yet cannot be easily improved, a.k.a., locally optimal bundles. This paper therefore identifies that heuristic bundles can efficiently emerge by social evolutionary mechanisms whereby actors recursively exchange, adopt and perform bundles of rules constitute processes of heuristic emergence.FindingsSuch evolutionary emergence of socially calculated small bundles of heuristics differs from the agentic process by which some simple rule heuristics emerge or from the biological calculation process by which some behavioral biology heuristics emerge. The paper subsequently proceeds by classifying heuristics depending on their emergence process, distinguishing, on the one hand, agentic vs evolutionary mechanisms and, on the other hand, social vs biological encodings. The differences in the emergence processes of heuristics suggest the possibility of comparing them on three key characteristics – timescale, reflectivity and local optimality – which imply different forms of fitness.Research limitations/implicationsThe study proceeds as a conceptual elaboration; hence, it does not provide empirics. At a microlevel, it enables classification and comparison of the largest possible range of heuristics. At a macrolevel, it advocates for further exploration of managerial bundles of rules, regarding both their dynamics and their substantive nature.Practical implicationsIn the field, practitioners are often observed to socially construct their theory of action, which emerges as a bundle of heuristics. This study demonstrates that such social calculations provide solutions that have comparatively good qualities as compared to heuristics emerging through other processes, such as agentic simple rules or instinctive – i.e. behavioral biology – heuristics. It should motivate further research on bundles of heuristics in management practice. Such an effort would improve the ability to produce knowledge fitting the absorptive capacity of practitioners and enhance the construction of normative managerial theories and pedagogy.Social implicationsBundles of rules may also play a crucial role in the emergence of collective action. This study contributes to a performativity perspective whereby theories can become reality. It demonstrates how the construction of a managerial belief system may amount to the launching of a social movement and vice versa.Originality/valueOverall, many benefits accrue from integrating the bundles of rules expressed and exchanged by practitioners under the heuristic umbrella. So far, in management scholarship, such emergent objects have sometimes been interpreted as naïve or as indicative of institutional pressures. By contrast, this study shows that socially calculated bundles may efficiently combine the advantages of individuals' reflective cognitive processes with those provided by massive evolutionary exchanges. In conclusion, the social calculations of small heuristic bundles may constitute a crucial mechanism for the elaboration of pragmatic theories of action.
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Stepina, Natalia P., M. S. Galkov, Mikhail R. Predtechenskiy, Alexander E. Bezrodny, Viktor V. Kirienko, and Anatolii V. Dvurechenskii. "Preparation and transport properties of oriented buckypapers with single walled carbon nanotubes." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. 1 (2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.1.39452.
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Buckypapers (BPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising for a lot of applications, in which their high conductance, strength and small weight are required. In this work, isotropic BPs were prepared using the solution-based deposition that includes the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersion and the dispersion filtration from a solvent. To increase the BP conductivity, the orientation of the SWCNT bundles composing BPs and a following iodine doping were applied. The method of extrusion through the narrow (300 µm) gap was used for the SWCNT orientation. The temperature dependences of conductance for isotropic, oriented and doped BPs were studied to understand the effect of CNT alignment and the mechanism of transport through SWCNT BPs. It was shown that bundle orientation increases the BP conductivity from ~103 S × cm-1 to ~104 S × cm-1, and iodine doping of oriented samples additionally increase the conductivity by an order. The fluctuation – assisted tunneling between CNT bundles was used to describe the mechanism of low temperature conductivity.
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Anand, Christopher Kumar. "Ward’s Solitons II: Exact Solutions." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 50, no. 6 (1998): 1119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1998-054-3.
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AbstractIn a previous paper, we gave a correspondence between certain exact solutions to a (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable Chiral Model and holomorphic bundles on a compact surface. In this paper, we use algebraic geometry to derive a closed-form expression for those solutions and show by way of examples how the algebraic data which parametrise the solution space dictates the behaviour of the solutions.
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Thitiwongsawet, Patcharaporn, Tanwa Tiyajalearn, Aumnart Klinchan, and Chaninporn Thanatthammachote. "Polycaprolactone Fiber Bundles Prepared by Self-Bundling Electrospinning." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.271.
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Polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber bundles were successfully prepared by self-bundling electrospinning technique from two different concentrations (i.e. 12% and 15% w/v) of PCL solution. Self-bundling of electrospun fibers was induced by used of a grounded needle tip at the beginning of electrospinning process. Electrical conductivity of PCL solutions were increased and average fiber diameter were decreased by addition and increasing amount of pyridinium formate (PF) at concentration of 3, 4, and 5% w/v into either 12% or 15% w/v PCL solutions. The average diameter of electrospun fibers and bundles were in range of 2.1-3.3 m and 100-120 m, respectively.
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PARK, JONGBOK, SUNGHO JEONG, OK HWAN CHA, MUN SEOK JEONG, DO-KYEONG KO, and JONGMIN LEE. "FABRICATION OF CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES BY LASER ASSISTED CHEMICAL REACTION." Nano 01, no. 01 (2006): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292006000069.
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In this work, a simple method is reported for the synthesis of bundles of carbon nanostructures under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser (355 nm, 10 Hz) is focused into the mixture of ferrocene and xylene solutions to produce the nanostructures in which ferrocene plays the role of a catalyst while xylene is the carbon source for nanostructure growth. During the period of irradiation, the color of solution turns into dark brown from transparent orange. Upon the completion of irradiation, typically for an hour, a variety of bundles of carbon nanostructures are found in the solution. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to investigate the nanostructures.
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Zinchenko, Tetiana. "Elliptic operators on refined Sobolev scales on vector bundles." Open Mathematics 15, no. 1 (2017): 907–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2017-0076.
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Abstract We introduce a refined Sobolev scale on a vector bundle over a closed infinitely smooth manifold. This scale consists of inner product Hörmander spaces parametrized with a real number and a function varying slowly at infinity in the sense of Karamata. We prove that these spaces are obtained by the interpolation with a function parameter between inner product Sobolev spaces. An arbitrary classical elliptic pseudodifferential operator acting between vector bundles of the same rank is investigated on this scale. We prove that this operator is bounded and Fredholm on pairs of appropriate Hörmander spaces. We also prove that the solutions to the corresponding elliptic equation satisfy a certain a priori estimate on these spaces. The local regularity of these solutions is investigated on the refined Sobolev scale. We find new sufficient conditions for the solutions to have continuous derivatives of a given order.
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Ding, Er-Xiong, Qiang Zhang, Nan Wei, Abu Taher Khan, and Esko I. Kauppinen. "High-performance single-walled carbon nanotube transparent conducting film fabricated by using low feeding rate of ethanol solution." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (2018): 180392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180392.
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We report floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for high-performance transparent conducting films (TCFs) using low feeding rate of precursor solution. Herein, ethanol acts as carbon source, ferrocene and thiophene as catalyst precursor and growth promoter, respectively. By adopting a low feeding rate of 4 µl min −1 , the fabricated TCFs present one of the lowest sheet resistances of ca 78 Ω sq. −1 . at 90% transmittance. Optical characterizations demonstrate that the mean diameter of high-quality SWCNTs is up to 2 nm. Additionally, electron microcopy observations provide evidence that the mean length of SWCNT bundles is as long as 28.4 µm while the mean bundle diameter is only 5.3 nm. Moreover, very few CNT loops can be found in the film. Remarkably, the fraction of individual SWCNTs reaches 24.6%. All those morphology data account for the superior optoelectronic performance of our SWCNT TCFs.
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Hahn, Alexander, and Michèle Morner. "Product service bundles: no simple solution." Journal of Business Strategy 32, no. 6 (2011): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756661111180096.
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Gurevich, Gregory, Yuval Cohen, and Baruch Keren. "Optimizing Bundling Policy of Single-Period Products." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 5, no. 4 (2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2014100101.
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Combining different product types into standard discount bundles is a common strategy used by producers and wholesalers to increase overall sales profitability. While markets consist of many producers and retailers, a deal is typically made between a single producer and a single retailer. This paper deals with a producer who sells items separately, and considers setting and selling standard discount bundles. The purchased wholesale bundles are unpacked by the retailer and the items are sold to the end-users one by one. Thus, the end-user demand distribution is unchanged, but the retailer's order quantity grows with the magnitude of the discount. The paper explores the effect of bundle price and content on the profits of both the producer/wholesaler and the retailer, and derives a general objective function composed of a linear combination of these profits. Moreover, the paper establishes the conditions for bundling profitability and presents a way to optimize the profit of each party (producer, or retailer) without reducing the other party's profit. A real-world case study and sensitivity analysis demonstrate the solution's applicability. The results indicate that bundling can be a coordination tool for increasing expected profit for both the producer and the retailer.
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Greer, Melody Lynn. "4294 Patient Matching Errors and Associated Safety Events." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.160.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Errors in patient matching could result in serious adverse safety events. Unlike publicized mix-ups by healthcare providers these errors are insidious and with increased data sharing, this is a growing concern in healthcare. The following project will examine patient matching errors and quantify their association with safety. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: EHR systems perform matching out-of-the-box with unknown quality. Using matching processes outside the EMR, the rate at which matching errors are present was quantified and the erroneous records were flagged providing both comparative measures and data necessary to evaluate patient safety. To understand the relationship between matching and safety we will establish a percent of voluntarily reported safety events in our institution where a matching error existed during an encounter. Any safety events occurring for a flagged patient will be reviewed to determine if matching errors contributed to the safety problem. Not all safety events are reported so we will perform full chart review of a filtered list of medical records that have a higher likelihood of safety events. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We were able to quantify matching errors, and the preliminary matching error rate is approximately 1%, representing over 700 patients. The work is in progress and we are beginning to determine the association between safety events and incorrect matching. Together these results will provide an incentive to identify errors, make corrections, and develop methods to achieve these objectives. The number of matching errors impacts patient care as well as business operations and is likely to have a negative financial impact on institutions with high error rates regardless of its relationship to safety. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Patient matching is bundled with EHR software and institutions have little control over error rates, yet bear the liability for resulting clinical error. Institutions need to be able to identify undetected matching errors and any associated safety events and this project will provide that solution.
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Gao, Yunong. "Modification Methods and Applications of CNTs/WPU Composite Material." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021302026.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon nanotubes have lots of good properties, and occupy a great position in the field of science today. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as the existence of Van der Waals forces between the nanotubes bundle, which can result the attraction between the bundles and finally will cause more serious agglomeration. So researchers make the CNTs and WPU into the composite via solution blending, melt blending and in situ polymerization, in order to give play to the excellent properties of the two materials. This paper is aimed at summarizing various modification methods of CNTs/WPU composite material in the current research status and show the effects after each modification method. Finally, it can be concluded that there were differences between composites and the results of modification methods were affected.