Academic literature on the topic 'Burdon, Eric'

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Journal articles on the topic "Burdon, Eric"

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Swiss, Thomas. "That's Me in the Spotlight: rock autobiographies." Popular Music 24, no. 2 (May 2005): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143005000504.

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Autobiographies: the contemporary catalogue is huge and bookstore shelves are heavy with the weight of life-stories. Ex-Presidents, actors, cooks, criminals, Nobel prize winners, preachers, poets and CEOs all write them. Rock stars write them, too – ‘marquee names’ like Tina Turner, Melissa Etheridge, Grace Slick, and Meatloaf, but also minor figures such as Dallas Taylor, the former drummer for Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young. And plenty of others, including – to name just a handful – Chuck Berry, Ronnie Spector, Anthony Kiedis of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, both Ray and Dave Davies, Dee Dee Ramone, Martha Reeves, Eric Burdon, and John Cale.
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Dixon, Paul. "Historical experience: burden or bonus in today's wars? By Eric Sangar." International Affairs 91, no. 2 (March 2015): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12250.

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Rönnbäck, Klas. "Who Stood to Gain from Colonialism? A Case Study of Early Modern European Colonialism in the Caribbean." Itinerario 33, no. 3 (November 2009): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300016296.

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Both Adam Smith and Karl Marx considered British colonies to be a net burden on British society. Ever since the issue has been a controversial one and has received a great deal of attention from scholars, not least thanks to the publication of Eric Williams's book “Capitalism and Slavery”. To a large extent the debate has been concerned with the issue of whether the profits from colonialism were large enough to have a decisive effect upon, or at least contribute to, the industrialisation of Britain and/or other countries in Europe.
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Crossley, James. "The End of Apocalypticism: from Burton Mack’s Jesus to North American Liberalism." Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 19, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-19020001.

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Abstract This article takes a different look at the work of Burton Mack on apocalypticism and the post-historical Jesus crystallisation of the Christian ‘myth of innocence’ in terms of the social history of scholarship. After a critical assessment of previous receptions of Mack’s work from the era of the ‘Jesus wars’, there is a discussion of Mack’s place in broader cross-disciplinary tendencies in the study of apocalypticism with reference to the influence of liberal and Marxist approaches generally and those of Norman Cohn and Eric Hobsbawm specifically. Mack’s approach to apocalypticism should be seen as a thoroughgoing updating of Cold War liberal constructions of apocalypticism for an era of American ‘culture wars’, from Reagan to Trump. Part of this updating has also meant that, while much of his work against the apocalyptic Christian myth of innocence has been explicitly aimed at the de-legitimising the Right, it also continues the old Cold War intellectual battles by implicitly de-legitimising anything deemed excessively Marxist.
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Phiri, Abel F. N. D., Akebe Luther King Abia, Daniel Gyamfi Amoako, Rajab Mkakosya, Arnfinn Sundsfjord, Sabiha Y. Essack, and Gunnar Skov Simonsen. "Burden, Antibiotic Resistance, and Clonality of Shigella spp. Implicated in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrhoea in Lilongwe, Malawi." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020063.

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Although numerous studies have investigated diarrhoea aetiology in many sub-Saharan African countries, recent data on Shigella species’ involvement in community-acquired acute diarrhoea (CA-AD) in Malawi are scarce. This study investigated the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility profile, genotypic characteristics, and clonal relationships of Shigella flexneri among 243 patients presenting with acute diarrhoea at a District Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Shigella spp. were isolated and identified using standard microbiological and serological methods and confirmed by identifying the ipaH gene using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The isolates’ antibiotic susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was determined using the VITEK 2 system according to EUCAST guidelines. Genes conferring resistance to sulfamethoxazole (sul1, sul2 and sul3), trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA12 and dfrA17) and ampicillin (oxa-1 and oxa-2), and virulence genes (ipaBCD, sat, ial, virA, sen, set1A and set1B) were detected by real-time PCR. Clonal relatedness was assessed using ERIC-PCR. Thirty-four Shigella flexneri isolates were isolated (an overall incidence of 14.0%). All the isolates were fully resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%) and ampicillin (100%) but susceptible to the other antibiotics tested. The sul1 (79%), sul2 (79%), sul3 (47%), dfrA12 (71%) and dfrA17 (56%) sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes were identified; Oxa-1, oxa-2 and dfrA1 were not detected. The virulence genes ipaBCD (85%), sat (85%), ial (82%), virA (76%), sen (71%), stx (71%), set1A (26%) and set1B (18%) were detected. ERIC-PCR profiling revealed that the Shigella isolates were genetically distinct and clonally unrelated, indicating the potential involvement of genetically distinct S. flexneri in CA-AD in Malawi. The high percentage resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and the presence of several virulence determinants in these isolates emphasises a need for continuous molecular surveillance studies to inform preventive measures and management of Shigella-associated diarrhoeal infections in Malawi.
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Stapanian, M. A., W. H. Edwards, and L. D. Witzel. "Recent changes in burbot growth in Lake Erie." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27 (August 30, 2011): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01845.x.

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Anthony, A., Tess S. Skadegård Thorsen, Steen Ledet Christiansen, and Carmela Garritano. "Reviews." Screen Bodies 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2018.0301001.

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Reina Gossett, Eric A. Stanley, and Johanna Burton, eds., Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017), 419 pp. ISBN: 9780262036603 (hardback, $49.95)Katharina Lindner, Film Bodies: Queer Feminist Encounters with Gender and Sexuality in Cinema (London: I. B. Tauris, 2018), 272 pp. ISBN: 9781784536244 (hardback, £72)Saige Walton, Cinema’s Baroque Flesh: Film, Phenomenology, and the Art of Entanglement (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016), 280 pp. ISBN 978 90 8964 951 5 (hardback, €95)Marietta Kesting, Affective Images: Post-apartheid Documentary Perspectives (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2017). vi +278pp. ISBN: 9781438467856 (hardback, $95); ISBN: 9781438467849 (paperback, $29.95)
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Angiolillo, Dominick J., Marco Roffi, and Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz. "Tackling the thrombotic burden in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes mellitus." Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 9, no. 6 (June 2011): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erc.11.76.

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Vyse, Andrew, Andrea Anonychuk, Anne Jäkel, Heather Wieffer, and Simon Nadel. "The burden and impact of severe and long-term sequelae of meningococcal disease." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 11, no. 6 (June 2013): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.13.42.

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Gewurtz, Sarah B., and Miriam L. Diamond. "Distribution and burdens of bioaccumulative contaminants in the Lake Erie food web: A review." Environmental Reviews 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a03-014.

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The bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in the Lake Erie food web is reviewed in context of the numerous changes experienced by the system. In the late 1960s, internal lake processes, related to the eutrophic status of the lake, minimized contaminant bioaccumulation despite high contaminant loadings. From the 1970s to 1980s contaminant concentrations decreased at different rates in many species of different trophic levels, coincident with decreased loadings to the lake. Since the early 1980s contaminant concentrations in biota have not changed consistently. Several factors have been proposed to account for these patterns, including reduced nutrient loadings and productivity, and the invasion of several exotic species such as zebra mussels. These factors have altered the food web structure and the internal distribution of contaminants in the lake. Emerging and continuing issues, such as climate change, invasions of additional exotic species, new chemical contaminants of concern, and algal toxins will likely impact contaminant dynamics in the future.Key words: Lake Erie, bioaccumulative contaminants, food web.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Burdon, Eric"

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Täljedal, Inge-Bert. "Kunskap och verklighet i Erik Olof Burmans doktorsavhandling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172667.

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Erik Olof Burman, professor i praktisk filosofi i Uppsala 1896–1910, disputerade 1872 påavhandlingen Om kunskapens möjlighet. I en filosofihistorisk översikt finner disputanden enfortgående förskjutning i synen på verkligheten och kunskapens grund, från antikens fokus påen yttre, från medvetandet skild verklighet till en inre, helt igenom själslig sådan. Hansidealistiska ståndpunkt reser tre huvudproblem för texttolkningen: förhållandet mellanmedvetande och förnimmelser; de yttre tingens verklighet; förhållandet mellan subjekt ochkunskapsobjekt. Subjektet framträder hos Burman som sinne, medvetande ochsjälvmedvetande. Mot dessa nivåer svarar graderade förnimmelser: sensationer,föreställningar och begrepp. Förnimmelserna har medfött ursprung, och själen bärverkligheten inom sig. På sin högsta nivå är subjektet bestämt av oföränderligaallmänbegrepp. Föreliggande studie av den unge Burmans filosofi diskuterar eventuellamotsägelser i hans text och söker tolkningar som undviker dem.
Erik Olof Burman was professor of practical philosophy in Uppsala 1896–1910. In 1872, hedefended his doctoral thesis, On the possibility of knowledge. In a largely historical overviewBurman describes a continuous shift in the view of reality and the grounds of knowledge,from antiquity’s focus on an outer reality, separate from the mind, to an inner, thoroughlyspiritual world. His idealistic standpoint raises three main problems for the interpretation ofthe text: the relation between mind and perceptions; the reality of external objects; the relationbetween subject and objects of knowledge. According to Burman, the subject appears assense, mind, and the self-aware mind. Corresponding graded perceptions are sensations,ideas, and concepts. The origin of the perceptions is innate, and the soul has the reality withinitself. At the highest level, the subject is determined by unchanging concepts. In the presentstudy of young Burman’s philosophy, apparent contradictions are discussed andinterpretations proposed to avoid them.
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Schott, Benedikt [Verfasser], Wolfgang A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wall, and Erik [Gutachter] Burman. "Stabilized Cut Finite Element Methods for Complex Interface Coupled Flow Problems / Benedikt Schott ; Gutachter: Wolfgang A. Wall, Erik Burman ; Betreuer: Wolfgang A. Wall." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132248620/34.

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Books on the topic "Burdon, Eric"

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Kent, Jeff. The lastpoet: The story of Eric Burdon. Alsager: Witan, 1989.

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Kent, Jeff. The last poet: The story of Eric Burdon. Alsager, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire: Witan, 1989.

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Marshall, Craig J., ed. Don't let me be misunderstood. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2001.

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Psychedelic World of Eric Burdon. Demon - Phantom Sound, 2001.

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Siegfried, Schmidt-Joos, ed. Weg von meiner wolke: Alexis Korner, Mick Taylor, Eric Burdon, Ray Davis. Frankfurt/M: Ullstein, 1987.

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Burin, Eric, ed. Protesting on Bended Knee: Race, Dissent and Patriotism in 21st Century America. The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31356/dpb013.

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Protesting on Bended Knee eyes the modern crusade for racial equality through the prism of the demonstrations associated with Colin Kaepernick, a professional football player who in 2016 began kneeling during the national anthem to draw attention to discrimination and injustice. A diverse array of thirty-one authors explain in brief essays what they see in the protests; collectively, they describe where the demonstrations fit within Americans’ quest to form “a more perfect union”; the legal landscape of dissent; the revival of athlete-activists; the tactics of protesters and counter-tactics of their opponents; and the perspective of others—reporters, coaches, players, and fans—“in the arena.” Their observations, along with an extensive Introduction by historian Eric Burin, provide a nearly contemporaneous account of the latest chapter in a freedom struggle as old as America itself. Eric Burin is Professor of History at the University of North Dakota, and author of Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (2005) and editor of Picking the President: Understanding the Electoral College (2016).
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Burdon, Eric, Jeff Craig, and Jeff Marshall Craig. Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood: A Memoir. Thunder's Mouth Press, 2001.

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Pasnau, Robert, ed. Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy Volume 9. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844637.001.0001.

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Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy annually collects the best current work in the field of medieval philosophy. The various volumes print original essays, reviews, critical discussions, and editions of texts. The aim is to contribute to an understanding of the full range of themes and problems in all aspects of the field, from late antiquity into the Renaissance, and extending over the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian traditions. Volume 9 ranges widely over this terrain, including Mark Kalderon on Augustine’s theory of perception, Alexander Lamprakis on belief in miracles among Baghdad Christian philosophers, Andreas Lammer on Avicenna on time, Ana María Mora-Márquez on logical methodology, Franziska van Buren on Bonaventure’s theory of universals, Eric Hagedorn on Ockham’s divine-command theory, and Dominik Perler on exemplar causes in Suárez.
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Book chapters on the topic "Burdon, Eric"

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Witkowski, Tomasz. "Erica Burman: Developmental Psychology, Feminist Research and Methodology." In Shaping Psychology, 217–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50003-0_12.

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Smith, Carmel, and Sheila Greene. "Erica Burman." In Key thinkers in childhood studies, 39–48. Policy Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447308072.003.0004.

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LoBrutto, Vincent. "The Burden of Men." In Ridley Scott, 133–38. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177083.003.0016.

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This film is based on true deadly events encountered by US troops in Somalia in 1993 that began when a rebel army shot down an American helicopter. Scott was interested in the story because of the theme of people caught on the edge of society, revealing human behavior stretched and challenged. The production was staged in Morocco. It took four months of diplomacy to bring this to a reality and even involved Colin Powell, then US secretary of state. Two thousand extras from twenty-four African communities were employed as well as a large cast of American actors, including Sam Shepard, Josh Harnett, Ewan McGregor, Tom Sizemore, and Eric Bana. As many as eleven cameras were used to shoot the intricately choreographed battle sequences. This highly respected film won the Academy Award for Best Editing and Best Sound.
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"Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture." In Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture, edited by Martin A. Stapanian, Charles P. Madenjian, Charles R. Bronte, Mark P. Ebener, Brian F. Lantry, and Jason D. Stockwell. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569988.ch7.

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Abstract.—Burbot <em>Lota lota </em>populations collapsed in four of the five Laurentian Great Lakes between 1930 and the early 1960s. Collapses in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario were associated with sea lamprey <em>Petromyzon marinus </em>predation, whereas the collapse in Lake Erie was likely due to a combination of overexploitation, decreased water quality, and habitat degradation. We examined time series for burbot population density in all five lakes extending as far back as the early 1970s to present time and characterized the long-term trends after the initial collapses. Burbot population density in Lake Superior has remained relatively low and stable since 1978. Recovery of the burbot populations occurred in Lakes Michigan and Huron during the 1980s and in Lake Erie during the 1990s. Control of sea lampreys was a requirement for recovery of burbot populations in these three lakes. Declines in alewife <em>Alosa pseudoharengus </em>abundance appeared to be a second requirement for burbot recovery in Lakes Michigan and Huron. Alewives have been implicated in the decline of certain Great Lakes fish stocks that have pelagic larvae (e.g., burbot) by consuming the pelagic fry and possibly by outcompeting the fry for food. Relatively high populations of adult lake trout <em>Salvelinus namaycush </em>compared to burbot served as a buffer against predation by sea lampreys in Lakes Huron and Erie, which facilitated recovery of the burbot populations there. Although sea lampreys have been controlled in Lake Ontario, alewives are probably still too abundant to permit burbot recovery.
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M. Baloyi, Shisana, and Kebogile Mokwena. "Metabolic Syndrome in Reproductive Health: Urgent Call for Screening." In Lifestyle and Epidemiology - Poverty and Cardiovascular Diseases a Double Burden in African Populations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95971.

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Metabolic syndrome (MetSy) is a compilation of interrelated pathologic conditions characterized by central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of MetSy is rising globally. There is growing evidence which linked the individual components of MetSy to the increasing prevalence of poor reproductive health in both the male and female community. This text reviews the recent evidence associating MetSy to poor reproductive health as well as the underlying pathophysiology. The aims to study the relationship between MetSy and reproductive health. The effects of MetSy on fertility were examined and supporting evidence explaining the pathophysiology of dysfunction with each MetSy component extracted from the following medical databases, including CINAHL, MED- LINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and ERIC were described. Noncommunicable disease is rising at an alarming rate globally. Metabolic disorders like hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and insulin resistance can directly or indirectly affect the reproductive health and fertility in both men and women through the interruption of hypothalamic – pituitary – gonadal axis functions. Metabolic syndrome’s adverse effects are likely transgenerational (Barker hypothesis), where children born to obese mothers are at increased risk for obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Therefore MetSy deserves attention and screening should be upscaled at all contacts for all age group of patients to save the future generations.
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Tietz, Christiane. "“The Need for Thinking Further”." In Karl Barth, 153–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852469.003.0008.

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Barth moved to the theological faculty of Münster in 1925 where he had an easier relationship with his colleagues than in Göttingen. While at the beginning he again suffered under the burdens of teaching, he gradually came to enjoy it. In Münster, Barth began work on a new cycle on dogmatics and published it in 1927 as “Christian Dogmatics in Outline” considering it as “the attempt of a beginner in this area.” He made friends with many Catholics and met the Catholic philosopher of religion Erich Przywara for the first time. Barth traveled nationally and internationally for lectures which gave him a large following, which would subsequently become important for his role as a leading figure in the German Church Struggle.
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Taber, Douglass. "Transition Metal-Mediated Ring Construction: The Yu Synthesis of 1-Desoxyhypnophilin." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0075.

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Both 1 and 3 are inexpensive prochiral starting materials. Tae-Jong Kim of Kyungpook National University devised (Organomet. 2008, 27, 1026) a chiral Cu catalyst that efficiently converted 1 (other ring sizes worked as well) to the enantiomerically pure ester 2. Alexandre Alexakis of the University of Geneva found (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2008, 350, 1090) a chiral Cu catalyst that mediated the enantioselective coupling of 3 with Grignard reagents such as 4 . The π-allyl Pd complex derived from 6 is also prochiral. Barry M. Trost of Stanford University showed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3759) that with appropriate ligand substitution, coupling with the phthalimide 7 proceeded to give 8, readily convertible to (-)-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) 9, in high ee. Jonathan W. Burton of the University of Oxford found (Chem Commun. 2008, 2559) that Mn(OAc)3 -mediated cyclization of 10 delivered the lactone 12 with high diastereocontrol. John Montgomery of the University of Michigan observed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 811) that the Ni-catalyzed cyclization of 12 also proceeded with high diastereocontrol. Ken Tanaka of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology combined (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1312) Rh-catalyzed ene-yne cyclization of 14 with catalytic ortho C-H functionalization, leading to 16 in high ee. Eric N. Jacobsen of Harvard University designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1469) a chiral Cr catalyst for the intramolecular carbonyl ene reaction, that converted 17 to 18 in high ee. Using a stoichiometric prochiral Cr carbene complex 20 and the enantiomerically-pure secondary propargylic ether 19, Willam D. Wulff of Michigan State University prepared (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2898) a facially-selective Cr-complexed o -quinone methide intermediate, that cyclized to 21 with high ee. A variety of methods have been put forward for the transition metal-mediated construction of polycarbocyclic systems. One of the more powerful is the enantioselective Rh-catalyzed stitching of the simple substrate 22 into the tricycle 23 devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3451) by Takanori Shibata of Waseda University. Inter alia, ozonolysis of 23 delivered the cyclopentane 24 containing two all-carbon quaternary centers.
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Walczynski, Mark. "1685–1691: Trade and the Beaver." In The History of Starved Rock, 58–86. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748240.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at how the new governor of Canada, Marquis de Denonville, summoned military man Henri Tonti to Quebec to discuss plans to attack the problematic Iroquois, who continued to attack French settlements. After returning to Starved Rock, Tonti dispatched agents to the Illinois, Miami, Shawnee, and other local allies telling them to “declare war against the Iroquois” and inviting them to “assemble in good season at the fort.” Later, the French and Indian army led by the governor himself marched into Iroquois territory. This campaign was indecisive. The Iroquois, who were aware that the French and their allies were coming, scattered before their enemies arrived. However, Denonville did burn several Seneca villages and destroyed their crops, cutting the tribe's winter food supply. One notable French success during this campaign, one in which Tonti was a participant, was the capture on Lake Erie of two English flotillas led by several Canadian “renegades” who were en route to Michilimackinac to trade with the Indians in lands claimed by the French. The chapter then considers the death of Sieur de La Salle. It also explores trade at Fort St. Louis.
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Raza, Gauhar. "Precariat: narrow definition, discourse and reality." In Savoirs de la Précarité / knowledge from precarity, 249–57. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3342.

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The discourse initiated by Guy Standing, on the ‘Precariat’, a few years back, was embedded in economic debates on ‘class’. He, in the preface of his book ‘The Precariate: The new Dangerous Class’, wrote that Precariat is a class in making (Standing G, 2011). He uses the word ‘Class’ in the Marxian sense. He suggests that the neoliberalism agenda embraced by almost all countries, to a greater or lesser extent, deliberately shifted the burden of ‘risk’ and ‘insecurity’ on to the ‘working class and their families’. As a result millions of workers were pushed into the brutal market without ‘an anchor of stability’. Standing goes on to, dramatically, warn politicians and civil society that ‘There is a danger that, unless the precariat is understood, its emergence could lead society towards a politics of inferno.’ He further adds that this class is global, angry and anxious, and ‘prone to listen to ugly voices, and use their vote and money to give those voices a political platform of increasing influence’.Marxist scholars reacted sharply. For example Eric Olin Wright, presented ‘a Marxist critique of this reconceptualization on two principle grounds: first, that the material interests of people in the precariat and in the working class are not sufficiently opposed to each other for these to constitute two distinct classes; and second, that across the various segments of the precariat the optimal strategies for securing a livelihood are not sufficiently unified for the precariat as a whole to constitute a class. ----In the case of the precariat, the different segments identified by Standing have sharply different strategies of survival and advancement.’ And thus, he concluded, there is no separate class, which can be categorized as ‘Precariate’. Those who have faced the burden of recent global economic disasters, and were pushed towards the base of a pecuniary pyramid can be designated as ‘proletariat class’, at the best, depending upon their class consciousness and interest. The debate plunged into a terrain which focused on whether there is an emerging class, that too global in nature, which has common interest and enough cementing factors to represent common and universal class interest and consciousness, or not. Though the debate is yet to resolve major issues hovering around economic categories and their relationship with social and cultural factors, it cannot be denied that manmade and natural disasters often put sections of humanity into ‘precarious’ condition. Citizens, collectively and individually respond to a given ‘precarity’ in varied ways.This paper, while scanning the debate on ‘precariat’ attempts to develop a broad framework for examining the causes and nature of precarity, enlarges its definition, discusses sources, target populations, modes of operation through which precarity is introduced in any society and levels at which precarity operates. The article aims to scrutinize as to how, when the power balance is disturbed in society, ruling classes use physical force as an instrument of spreading fear among the agents of change. The article also makes an attempt to reflect on how the intellectuals, scientists, science communicators and journalist under the shadow of ‘fascistic regimes’ are pushed to the realm of ‘precarity’ and freedom of expression is threatened. The last section of the article gives some concrete examples of how ‘precariat’ responds to situations of precarity and tries to build broad alliances to resist the causal forces
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Slemrod, Joel, and Shlomo Yitzhaki. "Tax Avoidance, Evasion, and Administration**We are grateful to Wojciech Kopczuk for valuable research assistance. Helpful comments on an earlier draft were received from Jim Alm, Alan Auerbach, Len Burman, Brian Erard, Martin Feldstein, Firouz Gahvari, Roger Gordon, Jim Hines, Jonathan Kesselman, Louis Kaplow, Jim Poterba, Agnar Sandmo, Dan Shaviro, Eric Toder, Gideon Yaniv, the participants at the NYU Law School Colloquium on Tax Policy and Public Finance and the handbook conference held at the University of California at Berkeley." In Handbook of Public Economics, 1423–70. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1573-4420(02)80026-x.

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