Academic literature on the topic 'Bureau of Correction'

CCM.M-K4 is a key international comparison organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) to verify the measurement ability of 1kg stainless weights. This paper reports the process analysis of mass determination of CCM.M-K4 during the measurement in NIM, China. The gravity correction and air bouncy correction are discussed, and the measuring uncertainties of measurement process are evaluated. Mass difference between the test standards is 0.0015 mg, and average mass of both test standards is 0.013 mg. The standard uncertainty of test weights is 0.013 mg.

Introduction The D-dimer (DD) assay represents a major biological test for the diagnosis and monitoring of thrombotic conditions. DD testing is usually not performed as part of the routine laboratory management of patients with hemophilia (PWH). There is an increasing concern about the risk of thrombotic complications in PWH, whether related to age, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, invasive thrombogenic procedures, over-correction of FVIII or FIX, or the administration of new therapeutic agents in particular rebalancing agents such as TFPI-inhibiting molecules or Fitusiran. Arterial and venous thrombotic events have indeed recently been reported in PWH treated with these agents. It is therefore important to have simple, easily accessible biological tests available to detect and monitor the development of any prothrombotic condition in PWH with these agents and at increased risk of thrombosis. Baseline DD concentrations in PWH have not been extensively studied yet. Patients and methods We prospectively measured over a 18 months period the DD level in all consecutive PWH with hemophilia A (PWHA) in routine clinics outside bleeding episode, invasive procedure or acute medical or surgical problems. A total of 65 adult PWHA (17-76 yr) with severe (58) to moderate (n=7) disease without inhibitor on replacement therapy with FVIII were included. CRP, fibrinogen, FVIII and VWF levels were also measured at time of DD assay. Results Thirty-three patients had not measurable DD (< 250 ng/ml), 15 had levels below 500 ng/ml, 10 had levels between 500-1000 ng/ml and 7 > 1000 ng/ml. Age>70 (3), smoking (7), arterial vascular disease (2), liver cancer (2) could explain DD > 500 ng/ml in 15/17 patients. Conclusions Most PWHA on replacement therapy with FVIII had low or unmeasurable DD levels. The reasons for high DD level in PWHA do not differ from the general population. In most PWAH, the DD assay could be a useful tool to detect prothrombotic state, potentially related to hemophilia therapies. Disclosures Hermans: Bayer:Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau;Pfizer:Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau;Shire, a Takeda company:Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau;Sobi:Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau;Biogen:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;CAF-DCF:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;CSL Behring:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;LFB:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;Novo Nordisk:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;Roche:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;Octapharma:Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;Kedrion:Speakers Bureau;EAHAD:Other;WFH:Other.

This research analyzes the short- and long-term influence of rice prices on the welfare of Indonesian farmers using an error correction model. Drawing upon data from Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics, it reveals that rice prices exert significant positive short-run effects and no significant long-run influence on farmers' welfare. These findings extend or refine results from earlier studies that lack the time series perspective of our research. They also support policy intervention by the Indonesian government to increase farmers' welfare and assure food supply.

Abstract Introduction:Hemophilia causes recurrent bleeds into 'target joints' despite clotting factor replacement. Vascular remodeling associated with hemarthrosis is thought to contribute to vessel "leakiness" and perpetuated bleeding, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we studied the effects of joint blood volume and timing of hemostasis correction on vascular changes after induced hemarthrosis in FVIII-deficient mice, and in BALB/c mice treated temporarily with warfarin and anti-FVIII to create reversible hemostasis suppression. Methods: Mice were injured by sub-patellar puncture of the right knee to induce hemarthrosis. FVIII-deficient mice were treated with two doses of recombinant human FVIII (rhFVIII) or saline with an 8-12 hour interval. The first dose of rhFVIII was given i) 2 hours before injury (prophylaxis), ii) 2 hours after injury (early), iii) 8 hours after injury (intermediate), or iv) 16 hours after injury (late). BALB/c mice were administered 10 µg/ml warfarin in drinking water for 1 week plus 0.25 mg/kg anti-FVIII 2 hours prior to injury. This dose of warfarin yielded a ~4-fold increase in prothrombin time that was reversed with 100 IU/kg 4-Factor prothrombin complex concentrate on day 2 post-injury in one group of mice, and maintained in another. Clearance of anti-FVIII within 4 days was indicated by normalization of blood loss in tail clip experiments. On day 2 after injury, the hematocrit was determined as a measure of joint bleeding and incapacitance was monitored by left:right weight bearing. Vascularity was assessed at baseline and 1-2 weeks post-injury by high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound with Power Doppler (MSKUS/PD) and histology with Safranin-O-Fast Green staining. Statistical analyses were conducted by Mann-Whitney test. Results: In FVIII-deficient mice, knee injury significantly reduced the mean hematocrit from 47 % to ~25 % for mice receiving late or no rhFVIII treatment (p<0.001). Hematocrit remained at 47 % with prophylaxis, and decreased to 40 % (p=0.01) and 37 % (p<0.0001) with early and intermediate rhFVIII treatment, respectively. In the saline-only group, hemarthrosis caused a 3.1-fold increase in left:right weight bearing of the hind legs (p=0.008). Earlier treatments with rhFVIII alleviated this incapacitance and mice receiving rhFVIII prophylaxis had no deficit. In contrast, vascular changes were similar across treatment groups, regardless of hematoma size. Mean vessel number increased ~3-fold compared to baseline for all groups (p<0.05). This was accompanied by moderate increases in mean vessel diameter and percentage of vessels with a diameter ≥ 20 µm. Vascular perfusion measured by MSKUS/PD increased significantly (~2.5-fold) with early (p=0.01), intermediate, late or no rhFVIII treatment (p<0.001), but not with prophylaxis. Bleeding tendency and weight bearing deficits of the injured leg in BALB/c mice treated with warfarin and anti-FVIII were comparable to those observed in FVIII-deficient mice. Mean hematocrit decreased to 28 % (p<0.0001) and left:right weight bearing ratio increased to 2.6 (p=0.003). Mean vessel number in injured knees increased to a similar extent in the warfarin continuation and warfarin reversal groups (~1.5-fold; p=0.02). In contrast, mean vessel diameter and percentage of vessels with a diameter ≥ 20 µm were elevated only in mice continued on warfarin (p=0.008 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: FVIII prophylaxis or early treatment reduced blood loss into joints of FVIII-deficient mice and preserved joint function. However, neovascularization and vascular changes consistent with remodeling were not proportional to joint blood volume and were mostly unresponsive to short-term FVIII replacement, regardless of timing. Similarly, neovascularization in joints of hemostatically compromised BALB/c mice after induced hemarthrosis persisted despite normalization of hemostasis. Changes in vessel architecture, however, could be abrogated. This suggests that long-term hemostasis correction may protect against irreversible vascular remodeling in the joint, thought to underlie re-bleeding and development of hemophilic arthropathy. Further investigations are required to determine the effects of prolonged hemostasis correction on re-bleeding tendencies and joint health in hemophilia. Disclosures Mosnier: The Scripps Research Institute: Patents & Royalties; Hematherix LLC: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Baxalta: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. von Drygalski:Hematherix LLC: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; CSL-Behring: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Biogen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Baxalta/Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.