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1
Baumann, Franz Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "The Bureaucratic state and economic development in Nigeria." Ottawa, 1992.
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2
Dauda, Z. A. "Representative bureaucracy and public policy-making in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234542.
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Auwal, Nuraddeen M. "Society, bureaucracy and corruption : a case study of Kano State Civil Service, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317766.
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Willott, Christopher. "Refashioning neopatrimonialism in an interface bureaucracy : Nigerian higher education." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524060.
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The African state has received numerous analyses in academic literature. The vast majority of these studies focus on the essence of the state rather than how it is experienced and lived by its citizens and therefore sacrifice empirical knowledge of state function in favour of abstract conceptualisation. Much academic literature, especially the neopatrimonial approach dominant in political science, examines African states through the prism of Weberian logic and suggests that, because states do not conform to a rational-legal ideal, they must therefore be deficient. These analyses also frequently downplay the impact of colonial rule and postcolonial state formation and politics on the character of contemporary African states, instead stressing the continuities between pre-colonial and modern patterns of rule. This thesis eschews a normative understanding of the state in favour of an approach grounded in everyday action through analysis of the workings of the Nigerian higher education sector. I argue that this sector is a microcosm of broader state-society relations. The thesis draws on primary data collected through ethnographic methods to analyse how providers and users of a university in south-eastern Nigeria negotiate their passage into, and through, a highly complex and flexible institution. The thesis argues that, among both students and staff, achieving success in Nigerian higher education is dependent on a combination of merit, personal connections and money. The importance of these three elements suggests a system in which norms rooted in bureaucracy (merit), patron-clientism (personal connections) and financial corruption (money) intersect. My empirical research suggests that characterisations of African states as wholly captured by society and functioning as little more than vehicles for particularistic advancement, both central elements of much neopatrimonial state literature, are therefore inaccurate. The thesis also places the Nigerian state in historical context, arguing that, while some patterns of pre-colonial behaviour remain important in contemporary Nigeria, they have been fundamentally altered by colonialism and its aftermath. This thesis offers an important corrective to the rather abstract and normative ideas that underpin the theory of the African neopatrimonial state. It argues that a better understanding of the state requires a stronger focus on the routine and real experiences of service providers and users and their daily interactions.
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Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, Rosamund Naduvi Ibiyemi. "Governance and bureaucracy: leadership in Nigeria's public service the case of the Lagos State Civil Service (1967-2005) /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5663.
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Mbanaso, Michael Udochukwu. "Urban Service Delivery System and Federal Government Bureaucracy: A Structural Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Water Supply in a Suburban Community of Metropolitan Lagos." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1234.
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This study identifies the prevailing scarcity of urban public services and the conceptual relations among service delivery, patronage, bureaucratic activities and structural factors in the Lagos Metropolitan region. It examines the extent to which clientelism, bureaucratic decision rules and structural theoretical models explain water service delivery patterns in Festival Town (Festac), a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria.
The unprecedented pace of growth of the Lagos Metropolis since the mid-twentieth century gave rise to the spectacular spatial expansion of the continuous built up region. Urban industrial and governmental institutions have not kept pace with the population growth rate of Lagos. This demographic trend also continues to tax the urban service delivery system. The federal government policy proscription entailed the planning and creation of a new town, Festival Town (Festac), as a response to addressing the urban public service problem in the Greater Lagos.
Festac is well serviced with modern urban infrastructural facilities for the delivery of water supply and water related services. In recent years, however, the local residents of Festac have been faced with a similar problem in water supply which is not different from that experienced by urban residents in other parts of Lagos. The painstaking efforts that detailed a pre-planned, designed and carefully considered development of a new urban community have not succeeded in creating a regularly functioning delivery of water supply and water related services. Various analytical tools were utilyzed in conducting the study.
The study concludes that the central factors in the prevailing scarcity of water supply in Festac are technology and infrastructural dependence and dwindling federal state revenues, all of which exacerbate the internal production of essential urban public services and thereby making delivery problematic. The findings presented in this study demonstrate the significance of the specific articulation expressed in the link between the Nigerian export sector, the fiscal capacity of the federal state and public service financing.
This study recommends that if the Nigerian public service delivery system is to overcome its contemporary problems, policies should be adopted which largely depend on existing internal resources.
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Thovoethin, Paul-Sewa. "Techno-bureaucratic governance in a neo-patrimonial society : one-party dominance and the developmental state in Nigeria (1999-2014)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4967.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDMost African states today are facing the serious challenge of socio-economic development. This is a problem not generated by the paucity of material and natural resources, but rather by challenges arising from mismanagement of these resources. Nigeria is in fact, a good example of a country in Africa facing socio-economic development challenges not as a result of lack of resources, but rather the mismanagement of abundant resources at its disposal. This mismanagement is associated with the culture of prebendal, clientelist and neo-patrimonial politics which have made it extremely difficult for technocrats and bureaucrats to contribute adequately to the development of the country. In fact, as will be demonstrated in this thesis, technocrats in Nigeria are not allowed to occupy sensitive economic development positions for a sustained period of time and are never the driving forces in the formulation of socio-economic development policies and initiatives. In this country bureaucrats and technocrats have not been a stable force for development- given the constant changes of these groups by the political leadership and the splitting of sensitive ministerial portfolios for political reasons. Instead, political offices are captured and used for the benefits of office holders and those of their associated factions, class and ethnic groups. This negatively affects the insulation of appointed technocrats and bureaucrats from vested political interests. Therefore, instead of appointing or employing technocrats and seasoned bureaucrats to occupy relevant positions, appointments and employments are done in order for people to share from what is commonly referred to as ‘national cake’ in the parlance of Nigerian politics. Central to the argument of this thesis is that one-party dominance and authoritarianism does not necessarily undermines techno-bureaucratic governance, as the cases of countries like Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore in Asia as well as Botswana and South Africa in Africa suggest, but when such system is associated with politics of prebendalism, clientelism and neo-patrimonialism techno-bureaucratic governance becomes difficult and the achievement of state’s led development becomes more daunting. This work therefore investigates why attempts at promoting prebendalism, clientelism and neo-patrimonialism under Nigeria’s one-party dominant system undermines techno-bureaucratic governance. It also unravels how these have impacted negatively on socio-economic development of the country from 1999 to 2014. This study will contribute to the understanding of how the insulation of technocrats and bureaucrats from vested political interests can contribute to the development of the underdeveloped countries, using the developmental state argument as a basis of analysis.
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Daniel, Maren Mallo. "Enabling access to housing in Jos, Nigeria : implementation and the new bureaucrats." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19532/.
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This thesis examines the notion of the enabling approach within the context of housing provision in Jos, Nigeria. The research analyses how the notion of enabling has been deployed and why it has failed to provide solutions to formal housing problems in Nigeria and other developing economies. This study takes the form of a three-step analysis; it follows the sequence of the policyimplementations. Firstly, it examined the notion of enabling in respect to the debt crisis that occurred during the 1980s and the measures taken (SAPs) by the IMF to aid Nigeria's recovery. This aspect was scrutinised and findings agreed with previous research in showing that the conditionality imposed by the IMF further crippled the economy of Nigeria thereby interfering with social services systems. This study also concurs with previous studies in confirming that the implementation of SAPs in countries affected by debt crisis, rather than bringing about recovery, was instead the beginning of a transition to neoliberalism, which obstructed attempts to provide formal housing. Secondly, the notion of enabling was scrutinised in respect to the rise of neoliberalism and the reforms implemented in Nigeria as a consequence. Primary and secondary source material was employed to examine theunderlying premises of neoliberalism. The findings show that the neoliberal policy reforms prescribed by the IMF and the World Bank for Nigeria did not deliver their promise - economic growth and national development. For the Nigerian housing sub-sector, the neoliberal reform programme left fewer results than it had promised for the subsidised mortgage system. Thirdly, the notion of enabling was examined in relation to the transfer of administrative techniques from the World Bank, the UNDP and the UNHABITAT, to Nigeria. The assumptions of this policy transfer were empirically examined in respect to the provision of new housing and the improvement of slum conditions in Jos. The study reveals that the strategy emanating was unsuitable for addressing the issues affecting the provision of new housing. It was, however, suitable for the administration of slum improvement projects. But this had the consequence of side-lining the existing bureaucratic system in Jos and of limiting the participation of domestic financial institutions in Nigeria. For Nigeria, the novelty of this research lies in the approach adopted to investigate the overall effect of the socioeconomic and political development process on housing policy outcomes in Jos. Through this, the complexities surrounding housing provision were uncovered and the variables influencing housing provision in Jos were identified. A distinction was drawn between the variables: those that result from enduring legacies of national development process and those that originate from the local setting in Jos. Overall therefore, this study demonstrates that the implementation of public policy founded on foreign ideas that are coercively imposed leads to unsustainable policy strategies. This was confirmed in respect to housing policy and practice in Jos: ambiguities in the city's housing provision strategy created difficulty for implementers, uncertainties and risk for local private investors and mistrust on the part of beneficiaries.
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Ihekweme, Fabian C. "State making, nation building, and the civil society Nigeria, 1960-1999 /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/322948541.pdf.
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Ayanruoh, Kris Odafe. "THE NIGERIA DIASPORA AND INVESTING IN NIGERIA: MOTIVATORS & PERCEIVED INHIBITORS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/506673.
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Business Administration/Strategic ManagementD.B.A.
This dissertation investigates the motivating factors as well as the perceived inhibitors to the Nigeria diaspora investing in Nigeria. Two studies address (1) the motivation for the Nigeria diaspora to invest in their country of origin (2) the perceived factors inhibiting them. Not much is known about what motivates diaspora to invest in their country of origin or why investment intensity varies among diaspora communities. To this end, the relationship between the causal factors and Nigerian born diaspora investment interest is examined using Nielsen & Riddle (2007) investment motivation framework. Using this interdisciplinary approach, an individual level conceptual model of diaspora homeland investment is generated. The study shows that members of the Nigeria diaspora community do not invest in their homeland for financial reward. They invest for perceived emotional returns and this is positively moderated by the degree of their social embeddedness in their country of origin as well as in their country of residence. They also invest for perceived social rewards. This is also moderated by their social embeddedness. The second study examined the perceived inhibitors to diasporic investment using the Galetto conceptual framework (Galetto, 2011). According to Galletto, investment is contingent on four main proximate factors; a minimum amount of money remitted or saved; minimum level of local development; the presence of suitable investment opportunities and the existence of specific household arrangement. The study shows that the perceived inhibitors to diasporic investment are: poor physical infrastructure; weak financial system and political instability and risk and that the dominant inhibitor is political instability and risk. Collectively, these two studies examine why the Nigeria diaspora would want to invest in their homeland and what prevents them from doing so. They seek to identify ways to turn diaspora investment and entrepreneurship interest into meaningful investment in the country-of-origin. Understanding why the nascent Nigeria diaspora investor or entrepreneur invest in their homeland and the obstacles they face is an important first step to identifying ways that governments can attract diasporic investment and entrepreneurship through marketing and other promotional efforts. Finally, this research lays a foundation for a stream of future research, building on the findings and data generated in the process of addressing the research questions.
Temple University--Theses
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Olayiwola, Rahman Olalekan. "Political communications in Nigeria." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1089/.
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This study of the Nigerian Political Communications examines the patterns of mass media ownership and their impact on the coverage of selected national issues - the census controversy, ethnic problems and the general elections of 1979 and 1983. The contents of 21 newspapers of variegated ownership pattern involving governments, partisan and private interests are analysed and "live" illustrations of stories are given. This is to demonstrate empirically the thesis argument that the criterion of ownership is the key factor which determines how the Nigerian mass media are used for moulding the citizens' perception of political reality. The thesis seeks to answer questions such as: (a) what role have the Nigerian mass media played in promoting and/or compounding the problems of national integration in the Nigerian society since independence. (b) what role should the Nigerian mass media play to promote national integration and political stability. (c) what changes are necessary and desirable with the present situation to allow the mass media perform such integrative and stabilizing functions. Located within a comparative political communication approach to the study of mass media and politics in developing countries, this thesis seeks to contribute to knowledge in the areas of the theory, methodology and practice of political communications in Africa - with Nigeria as a case study. The question of media ownership has remained central to the Nigerian political communications with the attendant intrigues, ethnic violence, character assassination, political vilification, personal vendetta, coups and counter coups, general violent political disagreement and perennial problems of political instability culminating in fragmentation and disintegration that threaten the continued existence of Nigeria. The thesis also highlights a host of other factors which work in collaboration with media ownership to influence the Nigerian political communications - ethnicity, economic position, religion, legal limitations, circulation, transportation, audience reach, freedom of the press or lack of it, linguistic barriers and literacy. The thesis argues, in conclusion, that as Nigeria approaches a third attempt at democratic rule in socio-economic conditions which are less propitious than on past occasions, there is a need for the Nigerian mass media to operate in a way which contributes to national integration. It questions the existing pattern which is elitist and urban in orientation, ignores the rural majority and divides the Nigerian people rather than unites them. To achieve integration through political communications, the thesis suggests the need to restructure the media ownership pattern and to establish a Nigerian Media Advisory Council with some regulatory powers and authority to impose punitive sanctions on media practitioners and institutions for any professional misconduct.
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Liman, Bala Mohammed. "Conflict and identity in Nigeria : an emerging culture of conflict in northern Nigeria." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23674/.
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Conflicts remain a major issue in many parts of the world, with many African countries still embroiled in one form of conflict or the other. The nature of conflicts have changed from the civil wars that preceded independence in these countries and are now smaller conflicts that are termed identity conflicts. Understanding the reasons behind these conflicts has become a major area of research with the discourse focusing on the instrumentalist and economic reasons behind them. The focus has been that instrumentalist factors are the main motivators in conflicts largely ignoring the effect of identities and how they affect the dynamics of conflicts. This research attempts to bridge this understanding by examining the nexus between identity and conflict. It adopts a socio-psychological approach to comprehend how groups see their roles in these conflicts. To do this, it examines the factors behind identity formation and how identities are used as mobilising tools during times of intense inter group competition. It then goes beyond understanding the reasons behind conflicts by focusing on why some conflicts become intractable. It argues that we should understand group narratives and the role these play in conflict dynamics through how groups selectively focus on narratives that emphasize their strengths and threats. During periods of intense competition, these are used in the process of mutual delegitimisation to create stereotypes that increase the suspicions between groups, making conflict resolution difficult. Finally it argues that for conflict resolution efforts to be successful, we must go beyond just implementing policies that are aimed at reducing political, social and economic inequalities and include those that change negative group narratives that currently exist in plural countries. This should enable groups to better understand each other so as to create a space for the peaceful resolution of conflicts and the reduction of inter-group competitions.
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Igah, Emmanuel. "Kaduna dans le réseau urbain nigérian." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040080.
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"Kaduna dans le réseau urbain nigérian", est un thème d'étude significatif et d'actualité à un moment où les impacts de l'urbanisation rapide et mal maitrisée, préoccupent de plus en plus les citadins et les pouvoirs publics au Nigéria. Ce travail se situe dans le cadre de la recherche d'un système d'outils d'analyse permettant de mieux comprendre le processus complexe du développement urbain au Nigéria. Il s'articule sur trois axes d'étude majeurs, à savoir, -l'étude de la formation et du fonctionnement du réseau urbain national. -l'analyse des facteurs et des paramètres qui entrent en jeu dans l'urbanisation au Nigéria à travers une étude spécifique portant sur une ville typique de la situation urbaine présente. Kaduna, ville dont la population s'élevait à 1,2 millions d'habitants en 1989, a été choisie pour son rôle particulier dans le réseau urbain national. -des réflexions sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour maitriser le développement urbain au Nigéria et à Kaduna en particulier. Des propositions ont été faites pour améliorer le fonctionnement du réseau urbain et pour remédier aux problèmes auxquels Kaduna est actuellement confrontée. ""Kaduna in the Nigerian urban network" is a significant and current theme of study at a time when the impacts of rapid and uncontrolled urbanization are increasingly preoccupying urban dwellers and public authorities in Nigeria. This work is aimed at finding a system of instruments of analysis that would help to understand the complex process of urban development in Nigeria. It is articulated on three major axis of study, namely: -the study of the formation and functioning of the national urban system. - analysis of the factors and parameters that come into play in urbanization in Nigeria, through the case study of a city that epitomizes the present urban situation. Kaduna, a city which had a population of 1, 2 million inhabitants in 1989, was chosen for its peculiar role in the national urban network. - reflexions on the means of controlling urban development in Nigeria and particularly in Kaduna. Propositions were made about how to improve the functioning of the urban network and solve the problems with which Kaduna is confronted
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Inamete, Ufot Bassey. "The concept of nonalignment and the Nigerian foreign policy 1960-1983 /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1985.
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Ugwoegbu, Edmund Ugochukwu. "Revitalization of Nigeria - equal access: A case study on people with disabilities in Nigeria." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106930.
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Déléris, Jacqueline. "Plutonisme bimodal en contexte décrochant panafricain : étude pétro-structurale du complexe de Toro (Nigeria)." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30212.
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Le complexe de toro, situe dans la province nord du nigeria, est un pluton bimodal calco-alcalin faisant partie des older granites panafricains. Il est constitue d'un corps principal de granite porphyroide (75 km2), entourant un corps basique de diorite a hyperstene (25 km2). Le contact entre ces deux magmas est complexe ; roches hybrides tonalitiques temoignant de melanges complets (mixing) ou partiels (mingling), roches provenant de l'encaissant, refusion partielle du granite porphyroide en un granite equigranulaire, bordure microgenus de la diorite. La technique de l'anisotropie de la susceptibilite magnetique, fournissant l'intensite et l'orientation de la fabrique des mineraux magnetiques de la roche, a permis d'acceder a la fabrique interne des plutons, reflet de leur mise en place. Les donnees structurales mettent en evidence deux stades majeurs: (i) mise en place du granite de toro, a l'etat magmatique, le long d'un plan moyennement pente vers l'ouest et selon une direction ouest-est et, (ii) mise en place de la diorite a l'etat magmatique, accompagnee d'hybrides et d'enclaves d'encaissant, lors d'un cisaillement dextre submeridien d'echelle regionale. Enfin, un episode plus tardif de cisaillement dextre n30 echarpe la bordure nord-ouest du complexe de toro. Ainsi, le granite s'est mis en place dans une croute deja fortement structurees et ductile. Il est ensuite poinconne par la diorite qui ramonne l'encaissant et emporte du magma hybride. Les deux signatures structurales, reflet de deux cinematiques differentes mais rapprochees dans le temps, sont reunies dans un meme modele, qui combine decrochement et transpression ou transtension, expression de la tectonique cisaillante nord-sud dextre caracteristique des temps fini-panafricains
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Rider, Kelly Elizabeth. "Shelf circulation patterns off Nigeria." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2252.
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Little has been published about the shelf circulation off the coast of Nigeria. Due to increased activity and associated incidents in the shallow waters offshore Nigeria, there is a need to more clearly define the near-shore circulation patterns. An oil spill occurred in January of 1998, the slick drifted in the opposite direction at twice the speed as was anticipated. It was believed that the heavy discharge from the Niger River Delta would have a strong influence on the near-shore circulation patterns and was the reason for this unexpected drift. This thesis investigates the river discharge by examining hydrographic data taken along the coastline. Using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, this thesis also investigates other possible forcing factors to gain an overall understanding of Nigeria??s shallow water circulation. Indeed river discharge plays an important role in the near-shore circulation as the coastal waters are highly stratified; however, the coastal waters are also strongly influenced by a cross-shelf semidiurnal tide, weather events and seasonal events, such as eddies and coastal upwelling. The resulting currents are a combination of a strong bi-directional cross-shelf tidal current with a strong bi-directional alongshelf current. The waters off Nigeria are highly stratified; they have spatial coherence and a uniform vertical structure along the coastline. These coastal waters may also be influenced by a remotely forced upwelling event and by northerly drift from the Congo River. The shelf circulation is clearly a complicated system and will require further investigation to be fully defined.
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Oluwole, O. S. A. "Endemic ataxic polyneuropathy in Nigeria /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-165-9/.
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Jaja, Amelia Nwadiogwa Odini. "Labour union education in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235805.
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Balarabe, S. Y. K. "Political party institutionalisation in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528435.
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Political parties remain the most instrumental institution of modern representative democracy. However, the capability of parties to perform these functions depends on the extent to which they are institutionalised. Institutionalised parties are a condition sine qua non to the development of stable and sustainable democratic governance. This research is not about institutionalised or un-institutionallsed parties. It is about examining and assessing the processes and patterns of party institution allocation in Nigeria. The study argues that understanding the process of political party institutionalisation should not be divorced from the nature and character of political, socio-cultural and economic context under which parties emerge and operate. The stud), employs interpretivist philosophical approach and qualitative methodology and uses party institution alisation framework of analysis pioneered by Randall and Svasand (2002). Based on its findings, the study argues that the major problems affecting party institutionalisation in Nigeria arc noted in entrenched chentelistic and nco-patrimonial politics in Nigeria. Although, other factors, , such as ethno-rcligious chauvinism, sectional divisions, poverty and weakness of institutional designs for the formation and activitics of partics affect part) institutionalisation, the study maintaincs that these problems arc often clouded in clientclism and patronage politics. Despite these problerns, the stud), strongly maintains that clientelism and nco-patrimonial politics have transformed party politics, to the extent that today there are political parties whose activities transcend cthno-sccuonal and religious politics. The trans formation of clieritelism has also led to the emergence of powerful political clites known as godfathers (godfatherism) who control both party organisations and institutions of governance. Thcsc problems have weakened tile autonomy of parties and personallsed tile institutions of political parties. CIvcn the nature of the activities of political parties and the seeming uncontrollable influence of godfathers, there was general public cynicism about party in sfitutionalisation in Nigeria. The study however, concludes that the transformation of clientellsi-n and neopatrimonialism could perhaps be the beginning of political party development in the country, especially if Influence of godfathers is institutionally curtailed and economic wellbeing of citizens improved.
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Azuine, Magnus A. "Cancer and Ethnobotany of Nigeria /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388730857.
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Shonola, Shaibu A. "Mobile learning security in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98529/.
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Innovation in learning technologies is driven by demands to meet students’ needs and make knowledge delivery easier by Higher Education Institutions. The technologies could play an important role in extending the possibilities for teaching, learning, and research in higher educational institutions (HEIs). Mobile learning emerged from this innovation as a result of massive use in the number of mobile devices due to availability and affordability among students. The lightweight nature of mobile devices in comparison to textbooks is also a source of attraction for students. Competition in the mobile device industry is encouraging mobile developers to be innovative and constantly striving to introduce new features in the devices. Consequently, newer sources of risks are being introduced in mobile computing paradigm at production level. Similarly, many m-learning developers are interested in developing learning content and instruction without adequate consideration for security of stakeholders’ data, whereas mobile devices used in m-learning can potentially become vulnerable if the security aspects are neglected. The purpose of this research is to identify the security concerns in mobile learning from the users’ perspective based on studies conducted in HEIs in Nigeria. While the challenges of adopting mobile learning in Nigerian universities are enormous, this study identifies the critical security challenges that learners and other users may face when using mobile devices for educational purposes. It examines the effects on the users if their privacy is breached and provides recommendations for alleviating the security threats. This research also, after considering users’ opinions and evaluating relevant literature, proposes security frameworks for m-learning as bedrocks for designing or implementing a secured environment. In identifying the security threats, the study investigates components of mobile learning systems that are prone to security threats and the common attack routes in m-learning, most especially among students in Nigerian universities. In order to reduce the security threats, the research presents a mobile security enhancement app, designed and developed for android smart mobile devices to promote security awareness among students. The app can also identify some significant security weaknesses by scanning/checking for vulnerabilities in m-learning devices as well as reporting any security threat. The responsibilities of the stakeholders in ensuring risk free mobile learning environments are also examined.
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Nkomadu, Obinna Emmanuel. "Maritime piracy legislation for Nigeria." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14046.
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As a result of maritime piracy attacks in the Gulf of Guinea, especially in the West Africa sub-region, off the coast of Nigeria the researcher started carrying out research in 2014 on the laws pertaining to piracy. In this regard Nigeria does not have the legal framework to effectively address the threat of piracy off its coast but a Bill entitled: “Piracy and Other Unlawful Acts at Sea (and Other Related Offences) Act” has been forwarded to the Nigerian National Assembly in order to criminalise ‘piracy and other unlawful acts at sea’. For this reason, the researcher deems it necessary to examine the provisions of the Bill to determine whether it is adequate to address the threat of piracy or whether there is a need to reform or improve it. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the Bill will never achieve the purpose for which it was drafted as the legal framework on piracy of the Bill has many limitations which makes it easier for perpetrators to escape punishment. In order to achieve the goal of this Bill, the researcher deemed it necessary to contribute by drafting maritime piracy legislation for Nigeria that effectively addresses the threat of piracy off its coast, relying on the preparatory work for UNCLOS and other global, continental and regional instruments relevant to maritime piracy. Relied upon also are comparative analyses of piracy legal system of Anglophone African States and Nigerian legislation. This draft legislation amends the limitations of the Bill and is in accordance with legal notions of piracy which emerge from the combination of the principles of criminal and international law.
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Chimere-Dan, Orieji. "Patterns of fertility in Nigeria." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1152/.
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Estimates of recent fertility were produced for all Nigeria and for the four broad geographical regions using data from the Nigeria Fertility Survey (NFS) of 1981/1982. The results indicated that fertility was quite high in the decade of the 1970s at an average total fertility rate of 6.8. Analysis of differentials by demographic and other background characteristics, and of determinants, did not show evidence of large shifts in fertility trend in any specific direction, especially when the quality of the data is considered alongside the estimates. It was suggested that, the influence of reporting errors in the NFS notwithstanding, fertility for all of Nigeria appeared to have remained roughly stable at very high levels in the 1970s. Chapter 1 introduced the project, its aim, scope and methodology, and highlighted some features which should be put into consideration in any analysis using the NFS data. Chapter 2 drew attention to possible effects of the quality of the information collected in the NFS on estimates and analysis of fertility. In Chapter 3, the estimated results were presented and, with additional data from other sources, used to examine whether fertility was stable, rising or falling in the recent past in Nigeria. Chapter 4 examined any variations in fertility due to age, age at marriage and age at motherhood with measures estimated when analysis was indexed by age at survey and durations of marriage and motherhood as further search for possible sources of any early fertility change. Chapter 5 carried out an integrated examination of the socioeconomic and proximate determinants of fertility with the same aim as in Chapter 4. Chapter 6 presented a summary of the major findings with a brief discussion of their implications for further research in Nigerian fertility and for the fertility target of the 1988 government policy on population.
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Adetiba, Toyin Cotties. "Ethnic conflict in Nigeria: a challenge to inclusive social and political development." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006955.
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The question of ethnicity has been one of the most topical subjects of study by social scientists. The controversies around this phenomenon seem to have been heated up by the high visibility of mobilized and politicized ethnic groups in most multi-ethnic states. Therefore, the extent to which ethnic nationalities are able to effectively manage the interplay of ethnic differences determines to what extent a multi-ethnic nation develops without crisis. Historically Nigeria has come a long way from multi-ethnic entity with political differences and background to the amalgamation of 1914 till the present structure of thirty-six states. Ethnicity, no doubt has contributed immensely to ethnic conflicts in Nigeria because of long standing revulsion or resentments towards ethnic groups different from one’s own or fear of domination which can as well lead ethnic groups to resort to violence as a means to protect and preserve the existing ethnic groups. Significantly ethnicity in Nigeria, is a product inequality among the various ethnic groups orchestrated by a long period of colonialism; a period which witnessed the ascendancy of three major ethnic groups to the socio-political domination of other ethnic groups and a period when the three major ethnic groups were used as a pedestal for the distribution of socio-political goods, resulting in the inability of other ethnic groups to access these socio-political goods. This situation has continued to impact negatively on the forces of national integration and cohesion in ethnically divided Nigeria. Considering the relationship between ethnicity and development; socio-political exclusion is not only ethically dangerous to development but also economically unproductive. It deprives groups and individuals of the opportunity for the necessary development that can be beneficial to the society. Thus, it is important to develop an integrative socio-political frame-work that explicitly recognizes the participatory role of every ethnic group in governance. Hence, there is a need for the adoption of inclusive governance to manage ethnicity in Nigeria. Notwithstanding, ethnic conflict still persists and an attempt will be made in this study to identify the reasons. Central to socio-political sustainability in Nigeria is a system that should recognize that differences are important to development and encompass notions of equality. Such a system should acknowledge the socio-political and economic power of every ethnic group and promote a system devoid of ethnocentric and exclusionary socio-political and economic policies.
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Brown, John R. T. R. "British capitalism and the development of Nigeria : the case of Guinness in Nigeria, 1960-1985." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280518.
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Danjuma, Benjamin Angyu. "House form in the Nigerian savanna : an analysis of housing and city structure in the Housa tradition." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61691.
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Brunner, Markus. "The unfinished state : Demokratie und Ethnizität in Nigeria /." Hamburg : Inst. für Afrika-Kunde, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/363856218.pdf.
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Gleria, Assunta. "La mise en œuvre d'un dispositif technique d'assainissement (eaux usées) approprié à Ile Ife, Nigéria." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120059.
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Parmi les causes des retards de developpement dans les pvd il peut y avoir la contradiction entre persistance des anciens systemes de production et le mode de production industrielle. En ce qui concerne l'assainissement des eaux usees, la culture yoruba, dont ile ife etait le centre spirituel, prevoyait des dispositifs specifiques au niveau de l'unite d'habitation et le dispositif institutionnel garantissait la mise en oeuvre et l'entretien des dispositifs de drainage au niveau de la ville-etat. Aujourd'hui a ile ife les pratiques traditionnelles survivent partiellement seulement dans le centre ville ou existe encore l'ancienne organisation sociale; dans les habitats neufs, l'initiative des particuliers est limitee et celle du dispositif institutionnel moderne est presque absente. L'etat federal nigerian, malgre les demarches de formulation de politique en matiere d'assainissement, n'a pas reussi a rendre operantes les indications relatives aux programmes. Les gouvernements des etats, sauf quelques exceptions, montrent un vide d'organisation encore plus grand et les gouvernements locaux, qui sont charges de la mise en oeuvre des dispositifs d'assainissement dans leurs territoires, n'ont pas les moyens ni les techniques pour accomplir ces taches. .Contradictions between traditional and modern system of production seem to be the most important cause of the delay in the implementation, of technical devices for sanitation of wastes water in ile ife, nigeria. Traditionally the yoruba culture dealed with specific devices for waste water sanitation, centered in the housing unit (compound). The public power of the city -state was charged of the implementation and maintenance of drainage devices at the town level presently in ile ife, traditional practices still exist, in the ancient core of the town, where still survives the traditional social organisation. In the new urbanized areas of the town, only the private initiative operates, beeing the role of the local gover nement quite absent. The implementation of sanitation policies by the federal governement of nigeria has been, up to now, almost a failure. The states governements, with some exceptions, failed to organize sanitation services; the local councils, charged of the implementation of sanitation devices in their area of governement have not financial and technical tools to reach their tasks. .
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Harneit-Sievers, Axel. "Zwischen Depression und Dekolonisation : afrikanische Händler und Politik in Süd-Nigeria, 1935-1954 /." Saarbrücken ; Fort Lauderdale : Breitenbach, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37018292h.
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Motaze, Dorothy. "Utilisation du français dans les écoles et universités du Nigéria : un point de vue sociolinguistique sur la notion de compétence." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H066.
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L’étude sociolinguistique du Nigeria révèle que le français est utilisé non seulement comme langue d'enseignement dans les écoles et universités, mais aussi comme une langue de culture et d'interactions quotidiennes dans les universités. L’auteur se pose la question de savoir quel est le contenu culturel du "français nigérian" et comment peut-il être lie aux locuteurs du français à l'extérieur du Nigeria afin de pouvoir servir de moyen de communication entre ces groupes. Après un examen des situations d'utilisation de la langue, l'auteur propose une étude par l'approche intégrationniste globale des unités sociales et linguistiques dans des interactions de face-à-face. Selon cette démarche, une connaissance technique et conceptuelle d'interprétation est requise pour permettre d'y mobiliser les lois universelles d'implication qui gouvernent la structure des languesSociolinguistic research in Nigeria reveals that French is not only taught and used in schools and universities for academic purposes, but also used in university centers for everyday conversations. One wonders what the cultural content of "Nigerian French" would be, and how related it is to speakers of the language outside Nigeria for communication purposes. According to the author's point of view, analysis of speech relations requires an integrative approach of social and linguistic features. This needs technical and conceptual skills so as to bring into play universal cultural normes of language by which particular sociolinguistic units could be interpreted and understood
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Omitogun, Ayotunde Allen. "Métamorphisme et structure de la zone mobile pan-africaine centrale du Nigéria ("Schist belt" d'Igarra)." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30275.
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La zone mobile du nigeria comprend dans la partie occidentale, des formations supracristales regroupees en entites bien definies au sein d'un complexe de gneiss et de migmatites: les schist-belts ou ceintures schisteuses. Par l'etude de la ceinture d'igarra s. C. Situee dans la partie centrale de la zone mobile, le metamorphisme pan-africain a ete defini. Dans les formations supracrustales du schist belt c'est un metamorphisme de facies amphibolite caracterise par l'association grenat-andalousite-staurotide dans les metapelites. Les conditions p/t definies par le geothermometre gt-bi et les domaines de stabilite de l'andalousite et de ma staurotide sont estimees a 550c et 3 kb. Dans le complexe gneissique adjacent c'est un metamorphisme de facies granulite avec dans les roche alumineuses les associations grenat-cordierite et cordierite-silloninonite-plagioclase-biotite. Les conditions p/t sont estimees a 700c et 5 kb. Le metamorphisme ht/bp du schist belt d'igarra s. L. , different de celui (hp) des bordures occidentales et orientales de la zone mobile, traduit des conditions geodynamiques specifiques pour la partie mediane de la chaine pan-africaine du nigeria
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Amaitari-Niger, Michaël. "Les problèmes d'extension des villes nigérianes dans le delta littoral du Niger." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040199.
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Le delta littoral du Niger est une plaine de basse altitude (20 m maximum) et de grande étendu par rapport aux autres deltas en Afrique. Il couvre 36. 269 kilomètres carré mais faiblement peuple, environ 5. 069. 00 h (projection 1989) avec une densité d'environ 140h au kilomètre carré. Il occupe la majeure partie du plateau bas continental nigérian qui plonge de Lagos au Cameroun. Il se situe entre les longitudes 5 et 6 04' e et les latitudes 8 48' n et 4 7' s et limite par les fleuves Bénin à l'ouest et Bonny à l'est. Les problèmes principaux qui se posent au développement, à l'extension, à la planification et à l'aménagement des villes deltaïques sont topographiques, géographiques et humains. Cependant, notre recherche est de mettre en évidence les possibilités d'extension des villes deltaïques sur les axes d'aménagement (qui tiendra compte des réalités économiques locales) et de l'organisation administrative du deltaThe coastal Niger delta is a low-altitude plain (20 meters above sea level at the most), widely spread out as compared to the other deltas in Africa it covers 36,269 square kilometers, but scantily populated, about 5,069,00 (1989 estimate) ie 140 inhabitants per square kilometers. The delta spreads over the main part of the low Nigerian continental shelf which runs from Lagos to Cameroon. It is situated between longitudes 5w and 6 04' e and the latitudes 8 48' n and 4 7' s and is bounded by the Benin river (to the west) and the Bonny river (to the east). The main problems of development, expansion, planning and equipping the delta towns concern the topography, the geography as well as the human aspect. However, our research aims to throw light on the expansion possibilities of the delta towns according to the planning guidelines (which will take into account the local economic situations) and to the delta's administrative organization
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Adediji, Banji Oyeniran. "Politisation et corruption : problèmes actuels de l'administration du développement au Nigeria." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D315.
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Mbachirin, Abraham T. Davis Derek. "The responses of the church in Nigeria to socio-economic, political, and religious problems in Nigeria a case study of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4874.
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Umeh, Emmanuel Chukwuemeka. "The promotion of human rights and social justice : a call to liberation theology for the Church in Nigeria /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/373892179.pdf.
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Duman, Leyla Mehtap, and Dafe Eghagha. "Networking and knowledge creation in Nigeria : A case study of a Swedish company’s establishment in Nigeria." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176065.
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In this study the authors wanted to find out what role networking and knowledge play for a Swedish company that wants to enter the Nigerian market. This was done by using a qualitative approach and conducting interviews with HQS AB a Swedish company that entered Nigeria, the Swedish Trade Council and the Nigerian Embassy. No studies have previously been done about the internationalization process for a Swedish firm entering Nigeria therefore this essay provides empirical findings that can be useful for Swedish firms that want to enter Nigeria and for researchers within international business. The result from this study indicate that HQS AB had a successful market entry to Nigeria mainly because networking help them get in touch with partners that could add value by providing valuable connections that eventually helped HQS AB to start their business in Nigeria. Moreover, by attaining tacit knowledge in Nigeria, HQS AB managed to handle challenges in Nigeria such as the complex bureaucracy system and the business culture in the country.
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Oyewo, Ayanfeoluwa Olutosin. "Tug of war : a critical discourse analysis of Punch and Daily Trust newspapers' coverage of polio eradication in Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017787.
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The resurgence of the polio virus in Nigeria following vaccine rejections poses a severe threat to the total worldwide eradication of polio. Vaccine refusals are a huge problem in Nigeria, especially in the North, which accounts for about 60 percent of polio cases in 2013. These refusals were informed by claims that polio vaccines contained anti-fertility properties that were designed by the ‘West’ to reduce the Muslim population. These claims and subsequent vaccine rejections culminated in the killing of health workers during an immunisation exercise in February 2013. This study is an analysis of the coverage of the polio eradication controversy by two newspapers- Punch and Daily Trust, following the killings of the health workers. Daily Trust is situated in Northern Nigeria, while Punch is situated in the South. The choice of these newspapers is based on the argument by Ayodele (1988) and Omenugha (2004) that the Nigerian press has been accused of escalating tension in the country because they view many aspects of the Nigerian reality from the lenses of religious, political and cultural prejudices. Because it is a text-based study, the chosen research method is Fairclough’s (1995) model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), following a preliminary thematic content analysis. In addition to Fairclough’s model, the study employs textual analytic tools such as narrative analysis and rhetoric/argumentative analysis. The selected texts, which comprise editorials and news stories are analysed based on the themes identified during the thematic content analysis. The study concludes that while the two newspapers differ in their locations and stylistic approach to news, they are similar in their coverage of the polio eradication crisis. They both side with the Federal Government and help perpetuate the South versus North animosity thereby ignoring the intricacies involved in the polio eradication controversy.
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Gandu, Yohanna Kagoro. "Oil enclave economy and sexual liaisons in Nigeria's Niger Delta region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003106.
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This thesis examines the intersection of oil enclave economy and the phenomenon of sexual liaisons in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. The particular focus of this thesis is on the extent to which oil enclavity contributes to the emergence of sexual liaisons between local women and expatriate oil workers. Despite the fact that the Nigerian oil industry has been subjected to considerable scholarly debate for over five decades, this aspect of the social dimension of oil has not received adequate scholarly attention. Gender-specific discourse has tended to focus more on women protest. Other aspects, such as gender-specific violence that women in the region have had to live with, are either ignored or poorly articulated. Picketing of oil platforms by protesting women is celebrated as signs that women are active in the struggle against oil Transnational Companies (TNCs). While women protest is a significant struggle against oil TNCs, it has the potential of blurring our intellectual focus on the specific challenges confronting women in the Niger Delta. This study shows that since the inauguration of the Willink Commission in 1957, national palliatives meant to alleviate poverty in the Niger Delta region have not been gender sensitive. A review of the 1957 Willink Commission and others that came after it shows that the Nigerian state is yet to address the peculiar problems that the oil industry has brought to the women folk in the region. The paradox is that while oil provides enormous wealth and means of patronage to the Nigerian state elite, the oil TNCs, and better paid expatriate oil workers, a large section of the local Oil Bearing Communities (OBCs), especially women and unemployed youth, are not only dispossessed but survive in an environment characterised by anxiety and misery. With limited survival alternatives, youths resort to violent protest including oil thefts and bunkering. Local women are also immersed in this debacle because some of them resort to sexual liaisons with economically empowered expatriate oil workers as an alternative means of survival. This study therefore shifts the focus to women by exploring the extent to which sexual liaison reflects the contradictions in the enclave oil economy. The study employed an enclave economy conceptual framework to demonstrate that oil extractive activities compromise and distort the local economies of OBCs. This situation compels local women to seek for alternative means of survival by entering into sexual liaisons with more financially privileged expatriate oil workers. The study reviewed relevant secondary documentary sources of data. Further, it employed primary data collection techniques which include in-depth interviews/life histories, ethnographic observations, focus group discussions, and visual sociology. Besides obtaining the social profile and challenges facing the women involved in sexual liaisons with expatriate oil workers, the study provides an outline of participants’ narratives on the different social and economic dimensions of the intersection of oil enclave economy and sexual liaisons. The study found that some of the women involved in sexual liaisons with expatriate oil workers have been abandoned with ‘fatherless’ children. Some of them have also been rejected by their immediate family members and, in some cases, by their community. The study also found that the phenomenon of sexual liaisons and the incidents of abandoned ‘fatherless’ children that result from the practice, has over the years been played out through local resentment against oil TNCs and their expatriate employees. This finding helps to fill the gap in narratives and to make sense of the civic revolt and deepening instability in the Niger Delta region.
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Malmgren, Erik. "Ekonomisk utveckling : Nigeria och FN:s millennieutvecklingsmål." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8437.
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LeVan, Arthur Carl. "Dictators, democrats, and development in Nigeria." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3283913.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 3, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 318-343).
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Gimba, Diana I. "Budget and poverty reduction in Nigeria." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516574.
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Mailafiya, Madu Garga. "Nigeria and the open university system." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4138/.
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concept and its application in various parts of the world; and (ii) investigate the problems and prospects for an open university in Nigeria. The term "open university" is defined as distance teaching university systems created to offer programmes of study exclusively to external students. The concepts of "distance education" and "open learning" are examined and their precise usage in this thesis clarified. A distinction is also drawn between Western, indigenous and Koranic education. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3), examines the concepts and the methodologies chosen for the study and provides a political, economic and educational background to Nigeria, with emphasis on the problems of higher education. Part two (Chapters 4, 5 and 6), provides a general illumination to the particular problems of the open university system and current trends in established open university institutions. In Chapter 4, a review is made of the distance education provision in Nigeria while Chapter 5 is devoted to a review of the literature. Chapter 6 is concerned with the Open University of the United Kingdom (aU-UK), especially its original concept, practices in the institution and the implications of applying the British experience elsewhere. (xi) The third part of the thesis (Chapters 7 and 8), investigates the particular problems and prospects for an open university system in Nigeria, through a study of the perceptions of a cross-section of the country's policy-makers and potential open university candidates. Chapter 7 focuses principally on the analysis of the collected empirical data on policy-makers while Chapter 8 is concerned with the personal characteristics of potential open university candidates, interpretations of their personal circumstances, their perceptions and the implications for university level home-study. The last Chapter (9) is concerned with conclusions on the findings of the thesis, their policy implications, suggested open university models for Nigeria and fruitful areas for further research.
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Agbonika, John Alewo Musa. "Federalism and military rule in Nigeria." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273266.
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FEDERALISM AND MILITARY RULE IN NIGERIA This thesis examines the practice of federalism under military rule in Nigeria. The primary objective is to determine to what extent federalism is practicable under military governance. The argument is that military rule and federalism are two fundamentally different concepts of political organisations, and that it is a misnomer to call a military government federal because of the inherent contradictions between the two. The thesis is divided into twelve chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the introduction. Chapter 2 provides the theoretical framework. It examines the concept of federalism. Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 provide the empirical background to the study. They trace the development, basis, as well as the status of Nigerian federalism under civil rule. They also examine the contradictions between federal ism and mil i tary rule. Chapter 7 discusses the advent and legality of military government in Nigeria. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 look at the machinery of the military administration, while Chapter 11 analyses the federal-state fiscal and financial relations. The concluding Chapter 12 summarises the broad issues of the preceding chapters and highlights the effects of military rule on the Nigerian Federation in particular and on the study of federalism in general. The conclusion that emerges from this study is that federalism and military rule are incompatible. Nigeria's 5 military government has in practice subverted the federal principle. It has been operating a quasi-federal rather than a truly federal system of government. It is argued that a return to a civilian federal system, adjusted to meet the country's needs is essential if Nigeria is to have an accountable, stable democratic government and respect for human rights.
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Eze, Jude Ikechukwu. "Modelling HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/642/.
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Nigeria is one of the countries most affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, third only to India and South Africa. With about 10% of the global HIV/AIDS cases estimated to be in the country, the public health and socio-economic implications are enormous. This thesis has two broad aims: the first is to develop statistical models which adequately describe the spatial distribution of the Nigerian HIV/AIDS epidemic and its associated ecological risk factors; the second, to develop models that could reconstruct the HIV incidence curve, obtain an estimate of the hidden HIV/AIDS population and a short term projection for AIDS incidence and a measure of precision of the estimates. To achieve these objectives, we first examined data from various sources and selected three sets of data based on national coverage and minimal reporting delay. The data sets are the outcome of the National HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Survey conducted in 1999, 2001, 2003 and 2005 by the Federal Ministry of Health; the outcome of the survey of 1057 health and laboratory facilities conducted by the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research in 2000; and case by case HIV screening data collected from an HIV/AIDS centre of excellence. A thorough review of methods used by WHO/UNAIDS to produce estimates of the Nigerian HIV/AIDS scenario was carried out. The Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) currently being used for modelling the epidemic partitions the population into at-risk, not-at-risk and infected sub-populations. It also requires some parameter input representing the force of infection and behaviour or high risk adjustment parameter. It may be difficult to precisely ascertain the size of these population groups and parameters in countries as large and diverse as Nigeria. Also, the accuracy of vital rates used in the EPP and Spectrum program is doubtful. Literature on ordinary back-calculation, nonparametric back-calculation, and modified back-calculation methods was reviewed in detail. Also, an indepth review of disease mapping techniques including multilevel models and geostatistical methods was conducted. The existence of spatial clusters was investigated using cluster analysis and some measure of spatial autocorrelation (Moran I and Geary c coefficients, semivariogram and kriging) applied to the National HIV/AIDS Surveillance data. Results revealed the existence of spatial clusters with significant positive spatial autocorrelation coefficients that tended to get stronger as the epidemic developed through time. GAM and local regression fit on the data revealed spatial trends on the north-south and east - west axis. Analysis of hierarchical, spatial and ecological factor effects on the geographical variation of HIV prevalence using variance component and spatial multilevel models was performed using restricted maximum likelihood implemented in R and empirical and full Bayesian methods in WinBUGS. Results confirmed significant spatial effects and some ecological factors were significant in explaining the variation. Also, variation due to various levels of aggregation was prominent. Estimates of cumulative HIV infection in Nigeria were obtained from both parametric and nonparametric back-calculation methods. Step and spline functions were assumed for the HIV infection curve in the parametric case. Parameter estimates obtained using 3-step and 4-step models were similar but the standard errors of these parameters were higher in the 4-step model. Estimates obtained using linear, quadratic, cubic and natural splines differed and also depended on the number and positions of the knots. Cumulative HIV infection estimates obtained using the step function models were comparable with those obtained using nonparametric back-calculation methods. Estimates from nonparametric back-calculation were obtained using the EMS algorithm. The modified nonparametric back-calculation method makes use of HIV data instead of the AIDS incidence data that are used in parametric and ordinary nonparametric back-calculation methods. In this approach, the hazard of undergoing HIV test is different for routine and symptom-related tests. The constant hazard of routine testing and the proportionality coefficient of symptom-related tests were estimated from the data and incorporated into the HIV induction distribution function. Estimates of HIV prevalence differ widely (about three times higher) from those obtained using parametric and ordinary nonparametric back-calculation methods. Nonparametric bootstrap procedure was used to obtain point-wise confidence interval and the uncertainty in estimating or predicting precisely the most recent incidence of AIDS or HIV infection was noticeable in the models but greater when AIDS data was used in the back-projection model. Analysis of case by case HIV screening data indicate that of 33349 patients who attended the HIV laboratory of a centre of excellence for the treatment of HIV/AIDS between October 2000 and August 2006, 7646 (23%) were HIV positive with females constituting about 61% of the positive cases. The bulk of infection was found in patients aged 15-49 years, about 86 percent of infected females and 78 percent of males were in this age group. Attendance at the laboratory and the proportion of HIV positive tests witnessed a remarkable increase when screening became free of charge. Logistic regression analysis indicated a 3-way interaction between time period, age and sex. Removing the effect of time by stratifying by time period left 2-way interactions between age and sex. A Correction factor for underreporting was ascertained by studying attendance at the laboratory facility over two time periods defined by the cost of HIV screening. Estimates of HIV prevalence obtained from corrected data using the modified nonparametric back-calculation are comparable with UN estimates obtained by a different method. The Nigerian HIV/AIDS pandemic is made up of multiple epidemics spatially located in different parts of the country with most of them having the potential of being sustained into the future given information on some risk factors. It is hoped that the findings of this research will be a ready tool in the hands of policy makers in the formulation of policy and design of programs to combat the epidemic in the country. Access to data on HIV/AIDS are highly restricted in the country and this hampers more in-depth modelling of the epidemic. Subject to data availability, we recommend that further work be done on the construction of stratification models based on sex, age and the geopolitical zones in order to estimate the infection intensity in each of the population groups. Uncertainties surrounding assumptions of infection intensity and incubation distribution can be minimized using Bayesian methods in back-projection.
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Oparah, O. P. "The foreign policy process of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370878.
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Alabere, A. D. "Port planning and development in Nigeria." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371269.
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Eze-Uzomaka, Pamela Ifeoma. "Archaeology and the public in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339931.
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Bindir, Umar Buba. "A groundnut harvesting machine for Nigeria." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306114.
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Lawan, Umar. "Female entrepreneurship in Nigeria : an investigation." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2454.
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The significant contributions of female entrepreneurs to both the social and economic development of their various countries have been recognized over the past two decades. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) found that between 17 and 41 percent of the female adult population set up new businesses in developing economies. However, these females owning businesses in developing economies generally exhibit limited aspirations for growth, with 84.6 percent of the female entrepreneurs indicating that they expect to add fewer than five employees in the coming five years. Moreover, most of the literature on female entrepreneurs in developing economies has focused on the business start-up phase; limited knowledge exists on the post start-up phase. This study addresses this gap by using institutional theory to investigate the development of businesses run by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Qualitative interviews were used to collect data from Nigerian female entrepreneurs. The data gathered was analysed using the thematic method. The finding reveal ways in which Nigerian female entrepreneurs transform their creative ideas into products and services that have potential for growth. Nigerian female businesses exhibit growth characteristics through the concern they have for quality and reputation, organizational design, earlier preparation for business growth, response to changes in technology and strong commitment to business success. The major factors facilitating the development of businesses run by Nigerian female entrepreneurs are membership of clubs and societies, a supportive husband, operating from home as well as their network affiliation with their relatives, friends, professionals, religious groups and NGOs. The factors inhibiting the development of businesses run by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria include poor savings culture, inappropriate business practice, lack of qualified artisan workers, lack of honest and reliable staff, balancing business and family, high-based thinking and fear of pseudo growth. The thesis contributes to the institutional theory framework through the addition of components in three key areas: funding barriers (such as female entrepreneurs in polygamous home, lack of ethical mortgage arrangements, lack of inheritance right by women and loan officers’ perception on women lifestyle), profitability (such as high import and export taxes on raw materials, high cost of transportation and illegal fees charges by government officials), and networking (such as support from NGOs and religious bodies). Methodologically, the present study adds to the growing body of qualitative research in entrepreneurship notably to our understanding of the issues that female small business owners in Nigeria face in sustaining and growing their businesses. The current study has practical implications for policy makers and female entrepreneurs. Areas for further research are also identified.