Academic literature on the topic 'Buried pipe detection'
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Journal articles on the topic "Buried pipe detection"
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Kavi, Jonas, and Udaya B. Halabe. "Detection of Buried Pipelines Transporting Hot Fluids Using Infrared Thermography." Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology 5, no. 11 (2018): 9060–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2597610.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong>— Detection of buried utilities such as pipelines is essential for infrastructure asset management operations. Pipeline locating operations are carried out during construction, rehabilitation, or farming activities in order to avoid digging into the buried pipeline; or to locate the pipe for maintenance work. Several techniques exist for locating buried pipelines, including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and tracer wires. GPR is less effective in locating non-metallic pipes or pipes buried in very wet and electrically conductive soils, while the tracer wire technique can only be used if the wires are buried with the pipe. A method of locating buried pipelines transporting hot fluids using Infrared Thermography (IRT) is presented in this paper. Additionally, IR cameras come in portable and compact form factors, which make it possible for it to be mounted on UAVs or to be integrated into UAV inspection systems. A 3 inch diameter Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite pipe buried at 14 inch depth and transporting hot water was easily detected in the laboratory using IRT. A 6 inch diameter pipe buried at 3 ft. depth and transporting steam in the field environment was also detected all year round in different weather conditions with IRT. The laboratory and field results offer a great potential for detecting pipelines transporting hot petroleum from production wells and refineries, as well as pipes transporting fluids with significantly higher or lower temperatures with respective to the surrounding soil.
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Inoue, Koki, Shuichiro Ogake, Kazuma Kobayashi, et al. "An AR Application for the Efficient Construction of Water Pipes Buried Underground." Electronics 12, no. 12 (2023): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122634.
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Unlike other civil engineering works, water pipe works require digging out before construction because the construction site is buried. The AR application is a system that displays buried objects in the ground in three dimensions when users hold a device such as a smartphone over the ground, using images from the smartphone. The system also registers new buried objects when they are updated. The target of this project is water pipes, which are the most familiar of all buried structures. The system has the following functions: “registration and display of new water pipe information” and “acquisition and display of current location coordinate information.” By applying the plane detection function to data acquired from a camera mounted on a smartphone, the system can easily register and display a water pipe model horizontally to the ground. The system does not require a reference marker because it uses GPS and the plane detection function. In the future, the system will support the visualization and registration of not only water pipes but also other underground infrastructures and will play an active role in the rapid restoration of infrastructure after a large-scale disaster through the realization of a buried-object 3D MAP platform.
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Liu, Habibi, Chai, Wang, and Chen. "A Numerical Study of Axisymmetric Wave Propagation in Buried Fluid-Filled Pipes for Optimizing the Vibro-Acoustic Technique when Locating Gas Pipelines." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193707.
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Buried pipeline systems play a vital role in energy storage and transportation, especially for fluid energies like water and gas. The ability to locate buried pipes is of great importance since it is fundamental for leakage detection, pipeline maintenance, and pipeline repair. The vibro-acoustic locating method, as one of the most effective detection technologies, has been studied by many researchers. However, previous studies have mainly focused on vibro-acoustic propagation in buried water pipes. Limited research has been conducted on buried gas pipes. In this paper, the behavior of gas-dominated wave motion will be investigated and compared against water-dominated wave motion by adapting an established analytical model of axisymmetric wave motion in buried fluid-filled pipes. Furthermore, displacement profiles in spatial domain resulting from gas-dominated wave in buried gas pipeline systems will be analyzed, and the effects of pipe material, soil property, as well as mode wave type will be discussed in detail. An effective radiation coefficient (ERC) is proposed to measure the effective radiation ability of gas-dominated wave and water-dominated wave. It is observed that the gas-dominated wave in gas pipes cannot radiate into surrounded soil as effectively as water-dominated wave in water pipes because of the weak coupling between gas and pipe-soil. In this case, gas-dominated wave may not be the best choice as the target wave for locating buried gas pipes. Therefore, the soil displacements result from the shell-dominated wave are also investigated and compared with those from gas-dominated wave. The results show that for buried gas pipes, the soil displacements due to radiation of shell-dominated wave are stronger than gas-dominated wave, which differs from buried water pipe. Hence, an effectively exciting shell-dominated wave is beneficial for generating stronger vibration signals and obtaining the location information. The findings of this study provide theoretical insight for optimizing the current vibro-acoustic method when locating buried gas pipes.
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Wasa, Y., Y. Kondo, F. Yamauchi, and Y. Miyamoto. "Magnetic Field Analysis in Buried Pipe Detection." IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan 2, no. 12 (1987): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tjmj.1987.4549710.
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Thiesson, Julien, Alain Tabbagh, Michel Dabas, and Antoine Chevalier. "Characterization of buried cables and pipes using electromagnetic induction loop-loop frequency-domain devices." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 1 (2018): E1—E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0476.1.
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The detection and characterization of buried cables and metal pipes has become a key component of field surveys carried out prior to excavation work on construction sites. The very high conductivity and magnetic permeability contrast between any buried cables/pipes compared with the soil makes electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments very useful for their detection. We have developed a seminumerical method that can be used to model the responses of this type of target. A straight horizontal conductor is equivalent to a series of magnetic dipoles, the magnitude of which can be determined in the spectral domain and then converted back into the spatial domain through the use of an inverse fast Fourier transform. Simulations and case studies allow to establish rules of thumb for the estimation of (1) the nature of the metal: the in-phase response of magnetic cables is of the opposite sign from the conducting ones, (2) the sensitivity to the target characteristic: the influence of the cable/pipe diameter is greater than that of the metal properties, and (3) the depth of the cables. The simulations also underline the role of the coil configuration: Vertical coplanar and perpendicular responses allow a more precise location of the cable/pipe, whereas the horizontal coplanar response is less dependent on the orientation. As ground truth, a known electric cable buried at a depth of 0.5 and 0.002 m in diameter is determined at 0.56 m. The first field test is related to the detection of a buried military cable from World War I, between 2.5 and 3 m below the original ground level. The second field test is related to the detection of a water pipe 0.35 m deep. The modeling technique can be applied to all EMI prospecting methods, and thus it opens the way to the correction of the disturbances generated by cables and pipes.
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Xu, Chuandi, Wanze Li, and Fei Lv. "Study on the Relationship Between Thickness Measurement and Strength Defect of Buried Pipeline." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2428, no. 1 (2023): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2428/1/012033.
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Abstract Based on the principle of electromagnetic eddy current testing, aiming at the problems of heavy workload and difficult location of defects in the periodic inspection of buried pipelines, the eddy current distribution of pipelines, probes, and defects is modeled and simulated by using ANSYS EM simulation software, the correlation model between pipeline parameters, excitation signals, and received signals is established, and the quantitative relationship between pipeline wall thickness parameters and eddy current distribution is clarified. Based on the accuracy and engineering application ability, the through pipe wall thickness detection device is optimized, and the structure of the eddy current probe is improved. The experimental results show that the improved eddy current probe can improve the detection accuracy of 6.9% in detecting the induced eddy rheology in the workpiece and effectively improve the efficiency of pipe wall thickness defect location and pipe radius detection, which can provide a new reference for the regular detection and troubleshooting of buried pipelines.
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Chen, Bo, Jiao Lan, Liang Ge, et al. "Simulation Research on Acoustic Detection Technology of Buried PE Pipes." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (April 23, 2021): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.44.
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Polyethylene (PE) pipe has been widely used in gas transportation pipeline system because it overcomes the shortcomings of non-corrosion resistance of metal pipelines. However, the stiffness and strength of PE pipe are small, and it is easy to be destroyed in the third-party construction process. Moreover, PE pipe is not electrically or magnetically conductive, and it is unable to use the developed metal pipe detection method, which has brought great security risks. Urban gas pipeline accidents occur frequently, and the situation during the production is complex and severe. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to effectively realize the detection of underground PE pipe. This paper verifies the feasibility of the acoustic method from the perspective of simulation. Firstly, it studies the influence of buried pipe depth on the received signal of geophone. Secondly, it studies the influence of buried pipe size on the received signal of PE geophone with a certain depth Finally, it studies the received signal of geophone when PE pipe is in mixed soil. The simulation results show that the method based on acoustic wave is suitable, the signal source emits a sweeping frequency single tone sine wave, which propagates to the target and is reflected. A string of geophones on the ground measure the velocity of the surface vibration. Given the propagation rate of wave in the material, time delay can be used between signal sent and received on the ground to obtain the estimated distance to the target.
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Jazayeri, Sajad, Anja Klotzsche, and Sarah Kruse. "Improving estimates of buried pipe diameter and infilling material from ground-penetrating radar profiles with full-waveform inversion." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 4 (2018): H27—H41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0617.1.
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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a widely used tool for the detection and location of buried utilities. Buried pipes generate characteristic diffraction hyperbolas in raw GPR data. Current methods for analyzing the shapes and timing of the diffraction hyperbolas are very effective for locating pipes, but they are less effective for determining the diameter of the pipes, particularly when the pipes are smaller than the radar wavelengths, typically a few tens of centimeters. A full-waveform inversion (FWI) method is described for improving estimates of the diameter of a pipe and confirming the infilling material (air/water/etc.) for the simple case of an isolated diffraction hyperbola on a profile run perpendicular to a pipe with antennas in broadside mode (parallel to the pipe). The technique described here can improve a good initial guess of the pipe diameter (within 30%–50% of the true value) to a better estimate (less than approximately 8% misfit). This method is developed by combining two freely available software packages with a deconvolution method for GPR effective source wavelet estimation. The FWI process is run with the PEST algorithm (model-independent parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis). PEST iteratively calls the gprMax software package for forward modeling of the GPR signal as the model for the pipe and surrounding soil is refined.
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Lin, Ting, Zhichi Wang, Bin Hu, Yubo Ji, and Xiaoyu Liang. "Simulation and experimental study of buried natural gas pipeline leak detection based on sound source characteristics." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230313102l.
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Buried pipeline leakage will affect the thermal characteristics of the soil environment, leading to a poor soil environment. In addition, leakage of natural gas possibly produces an explosion and subsequent fire, which has fatal harm. Sustainable detection of underground gas pipeline leaks is a significant part of current research. In this study, a method for leak detection of buried natural gas PE pipelines based on sound source characteristics is investigated. The simulation software was applied in analyzing the variation of leakage rate and sound source in buried pipes under different leakage conditions including mainly different leakage apertures and pipe pressures. Also, an experiment platform was built to verify the simulation results. These results can provide help for gas pipeline leakage detection and safety protection.
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KaziTani, Nabil. "A Combined Probabilistic Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment of Soil-Sewer Pipes (S-SP) Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 150 (2020): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015003019.
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The structural failure prediction of underground sewer pipes systems seems very complicated due to the natural hazards of soils in which these elements are buried. The apparition of first cracks and notches in sewer pipes parts is governed by the interaction model of soil-sewer pipes system (S-SP)parameters mainly, the constitutive material laws of soil and sewer pipe materials. The detection of critical sections where the structural damages are highly probable is the focus point of this present study. Based on probabilistic analysis of stochastic modelling results (Monte Carlo Method) of random soil properties, the mechanical behaviour of a part of sewer pipe is analysed in terms of settlements and flexural stress distribution fluctuations. A parametric study is performed to quantify the effect of correlation length (Lc) and soils types on the structural reliability of underground sewer pipes. This current structural analysis offers to engineers and researchers a useful numerical tool in order to allow them the well understanding of the structural behaviour of buried sewer pipes by considering the spatial variability of soil geo-mechanical characteristics which reflects the soil natural process of formation, its aggregation and heterogeneity. The obtained numerical results show that the probabilistic analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties into structure numerical modelling of sewer pipes presents an accurate approach for the prediction of structural responses of waste water transportation infrastructures particularly, if the sewer pipe lengths are relatively significant and buried into several classes of soils along sewer pipe networks.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buried pipe detection"
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Iwanaga, Mauricio Kiotsune. "Development of a virtual pipe test rig for testing acoustic correlators for leak detection in buried water pipes /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183466.
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Orientador: Michael John Brennan<br>Resumo: Vazamentos em tubulações de água enterradas são considerados um importante problema já que uma grande quantidade de água é desperdiçada entre a planta de tratamento e os consumidores. Para lidar com tal problema, companhias de saneamento utilizam dispostivos para localizar vazamentos nas tubulações. Dispositivos de escuta e correlacionadores de ruídos são os equipamentos mais utilizados em campo pelas companhias de sanemaneto ao redor do mundo. Correlacionadores de ruídos são dispositivos usados na localização de vazamentos em tubulações enterradas através da estimativa do tempo de atraso entre os sinais medidos pelos sensores posicionados em ambos os lados de um suposto vazamento. Uma vez que as companhias de saneamento devem decidir qual tipo de correlacionador é o mais compatível com a sua rede de tubulações, elas devem realizar alguns testes para ajudar em tal decisão e para treinar os funcionários que operam estes dispositivos, os quais devem ser expostos a diferentes condições, tais como tubos de diferentes materiais e geometrias, diferentes tipos de solo, vazamentos com diferentes intensidades, etc. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é contribuir com esta necessidade através da elaboração de um dispositivo de bancada capaz de reproduzir as vibrações de um tubo causadas por um vazamento. O dispositivo, chamado de simulador virtual de vazamentos, é composto por um computador, um amplificador de potência com dois canais e dois shakers. Ruídos de vazamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Leakage in buried water pipes is an important problem since a large amount of water is wasted between the treatment plant and the consumers. To deal with such a problem, water companies have used some devices to localize leaks in the pipe network. Listening devices and leak noise correlators are the most popular equipment used in the field by the water companies around the world. Leak noise correlators are important devices used to localize leaks in buried pipes by calculating the time delay between the signals measured by the sensors positioned either side of a suspected leak. Since water companies have to decide which leak noise correlator is more suitable for each pipe network, they have to carry out some field tests to assist in this decision and to train the personnel that handles such a device, which ideally must be exposed to different conditions, such as pipes with different materials and geometries, different types of soil, different leak strengths, etc. The main objective of this research project is to contribute with the necessity of the water companies by designing an indoor bench-top device capable to reproduce the pipe vibrations generated by a leak in the field. The device, called virtual pipe test rig, comprises a computer and a dual-channel power amplifier supplying two shakers. In the computer, leak noise is synthesized by using a model of a buried leaking pipe implemented using the software Matlab®. Since the systems, composed by the power amplifiers and th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Ibrahim, M. K. "Algorithms for spectrum estimation and detection of buried plastic pipes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382869.
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Lobato, de Almeida Fabrício César. "Improved acoustic methods for leak detection in buried plastic water distribution pipes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355964/.
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This thesis is concerned with a theoretical and experimental investigation into the enhancement of acoustic methods used to detect leaks in buried plastic water distribution pipes. Although acoustic methods have been successfully used for leak detection in metallic pipes, they are less effective in plastic pipes due, for example, to the high attenuation of leak noise signals. Two specific problems investigated in this thesis. They are the uncertainty involved in the calculation of the time delay in arrival times between two leak signals, and the variation of speed at which the leak noise propagates in the pipe. This is done in both the time and frequency domains. A new way to estimate the wave speed from measurements made in the presence of a leak is also proposed, together with a way of estimating the attenuation of leak noise as it propagates in the pipe. A bespoke test-rig was designed and built specifically for this project by South Staffs Water plc, so that leaks could be simulated and investigated in controlled conditions. Following the characterisation of the test rig, two specific correlators were investigated, one using the basic cross-correlation (BCC) function and other using the phase transform (PHAT). It is shown that the BCC is more suitable for leak detection, when the pipe exhibits resonance behaviour. It is further shown that the bandwidth over which the analysis is conducted is crucial to locate the leak accurately. To determine this bandwidth a procedure is developed to determine automatically low and high frequency cut-off frequencies of a band-pass filter. This method uses both the coherence and the modulus of the cross-spectral density (CSD) function between two leak noise signals. A new technique is also proposed to calculate the time delay estimate using both the modulus and phase of the CSD function, and this is validated using a wide range of data from the bespoke test-rig and also from a Canadian test-rig. Moreover, an expression for the variance of the time delay estimate is determined based on frequency domain data, and this is shown to give the same result as that previously determined in the time domain. Using the variance and statistical analysis a range of values that the time delay estimate can assume is calculated. This range of values is related to the 95% confidence interval of the time delay estimate calculated using the weighted least squares fit. The confidence interval can also be applied to the wave-speed estimate. The time delay and wavespeed estimates can be combined to determine a region where a leak is likely to be located in a pipe rather than giving an exact position as provided by commercial correlators. Measured data is used to validate the approach using the bespoke test-rig.
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Shakmak, B. H. "Condition monitoring of water leakage detection in buried pipes using sensor fusion systems." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2016. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/31336/.
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Water is significantly lost within water networks in most countries with an estimates of 30% would be lost due to leaks in water pipelines. Water leaks are one of the major factors facing the world, from waste water for no appropriate reason other than a lack of sustainable management programmes. This research work will investigates several sensor techniques and image/signal processing methods to detect water leaks within buried pipeline system. A sensor fusion method for the detection of water leakage in pipes, which consists of two or more sensory systems, is proposed in this research work. The suggested sensor fusion system will investigate a combination of transient signals of several direct types, such as flow and pressure, and non-direct types such as acoustic signals and infrared images. The sensors will identify signals inside the pipeline system and will detect any acoustic or transient signals. This might happen as a result of a leakage while the thermal imager will look outside the pipeline system for any leakage signs. This is by way of detecting the contrast in temperature and humidity of the soil surrounding the leakage point. The data has been collected using software that can read and store the required signal data with the infrared image data as required. The collected data is subjected to processing using the Matlab software and based on the results a computer algorithm which has been developed to be used in detection, locating and identifying the leaks using artificial intelligence techniques. The methodology of this research work includes constructing a test rig of a pipeline equipped with necessary instrumentations for data acquiring purposes. As such, data acquisition device, pressure sensors, acoustic sensors, temperature sensors, infrared camera, normal visual camera and any other necessary equipment for water flow control. A series of experiments have been conducted with the test rig in the laboratory and a field experimental work has been conducted in Libya with the results having been highlighted within this report. The expected contribution to knowledge would include significant technical and theoretical aspects of the experimental work and analysis. The contribution includes the comparison between the high and low-resolution infrared cameras. Additionally, an application of a novel approach to using a combination of infrared technology and visual images with a sensory fusion system of acoustic emission and transient signal to detect water leaks in pipeline systems. The work requires building a test rig to develop the experimental work as well as carrying out field works. The contribution to knowledge also includes the developing of an artificial intelligence algorithm for detecting water leakage in pipelines, which would determine the best times of detection when estimating and quantifying the leakage amount.
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Ayala, Castillo Pedro Christian. "An investigation into some signal processing techniques for the development of a low-cost acoustic correlator to detect and locate leaks in buried water pipes /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183474.
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Orientador: Michael John Brennan<br>Resumo: O principal problema em companhias de água são os vazamentos em tubulações subterrâneas, devido a sua limitada fonte de recursos hídricos. Correlacionadores de ruídos de vazamentos são usados frequentemente para localizar vazamentos. A detecção de sinais de ruídos de vazamentos ocorre por meio da coleta de dados por sensores, aos quais estão inseridos em lugares extremos ao da localização de um suposto vazamento. Estes dados são correlacionados, obtendo o atraso do tempo entre estes sinais de vazamento. Para converter o atraso do tempo em distância, a velocidade de onda do ruído de vazamento necessita ser conhecida, frequentemente, este tempo é estimado por meio de dados históricos de velocidade ou por tabelas. Usualmente a velocidade não é medida diretamente pelo tempo, sendo uma potencial fonte de erro. Esta tese estuda os fatores que afetam a velocidade de propagação do ruído de vazamento em tubulações de água subterrâneas. Eles envolvem as caraterísticas do filtrado do sistema sensor-tubulação e a potencial faixa de frequência onde o ruído de vazamento possa estar presente, e o efeito da banda de frequência na estimação do atraso do tempo. Os efeitos de distorção na precisão da estimativa do atraso do tempo, são também estudados com foco na quantização e corte dos sinais de vazamento. O efeito de quantização é devido a um convertedor analógico digital. O corte dos sinais de vazamento acontece quando a amplitude do sinal excede os limites do intervalo dinâmico da instrumen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Doutor
Book chapters on the topic "Buried pipe detection"
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Qing, Chun, XiuMing Zhang, Hong Pan, et al. "Simulation Study of the Magnetic Gradient Method for Signal Detection Outside Buried Bimetallic Pipes." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_93.
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Abstract Pipeline transportation is one of the most crucial methods for oil transportation, and in recent years, bimetallic pipelines have found increasing applications in the oil industry. However, buried pipeline operations over extended periods have brought about numerous issues that urgently need to be addressed. The magnetic gradient method utilizes the natural geomagnetic field as the excitation magnetic field source for pipelines. By employing a specially arranged array of magnetic flux gates, it enables non-excavation detection of corrosion defects in the active pipeline body, swiftly identifying the defect’s location. This paper focuses on the issue of corrosion leakage in buried bimetallic pipelines and validates the feasibility of weak magnetic detection technology based on the magnetic gradient method in the non-excavation detection of bimetallic pipelines. According to the simulation results analysis, the magnetic signal in the magnetic gradient detection method exhibits a peak-and-valley pattern at the defect location, consistent with the results obtained from the magnetic gradient method detection.
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Allred, Barry, and Triven Koganti. "Using ground-penetrating radar to map agricultural subsurface drainage systems for economic and environmental benefit." In Advances in sensor technology for sustainable crop production. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0107.21.
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Due to economic and environmental considerations, there exists a need for effective, efficient, and nondestructive methods for locating buried agricultural drainage pipes. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), a proximal soil sensing method, can potentially provide a means for drain line detection. This chapter details the evolution of research, through a series of studies conducted over the past twenty years, which focused on farm field mapping of subsurface drainage systems using GPR. The chapter first describes the evaluation of GPR against other proximal soil sensing methods. It then considers the factors potentially impacting GPR drainage pipe detection, goes on to examine GPR assessment of agricultural drainage pipe conditions and associated functionality implications, the effects of GPR antenna orientation relative to drain line directional trends and the integration of GPR with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology. A section on drainage mapping with a multichannel, stepped-frequency, continuous wave 3D-GPR system is also provided which is then followed by a review of complementary employment of GPR and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery for drainage system characterization. The chapter concludes with a summary and recommendations for future research.
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Michael, Henry N., and Roger S. Vickers. "Subsurface Radar Probing for Detection of Buried Bristlecone Pine Wood." In Radiocarbon Dating. University of California Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.13083389.49.
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Savin Adriana, Grimberg Raimond, Steigmann Rozina, and Iftimie Nicoleta. "GPR – induction electromagnetic sensor data fusion." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-968-4-327.
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This paper proposes the possibility of applying the data fusion provided by two distinct electromagnetic methods for evaluation of soil condition, detection and localization of buried objects - Ground Penetrating Radar and Electromagnetic Induction, based on the evidence theory. The data fusion is made using data provided by a real inspection of a region where are pipes for hot water, placed into a concrete duct bank, at depths over 1.5m under different layers. By performing data fusion the results are much more close to their real values rather than the separate utilization of the information.
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Cho S.H., Yoo H.Y., Kim D.K., et al. "Development of Strong Magnetizer and Robust Sensor Mount System to Increase Performance in Detecting Defects on Pipeline." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-023-0-337.
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In-Line Inspection (ILI) with MFL tool and Ultrasonics tool is the best and prevailed technology to inspect integrity of buried pipelines. KOGAS developed MFL tool named KogasMFL (ver 1.0) consists of MFC (Magnetic Flux Circuit) module, DAS (Data Acquisition System) module connected by universal joint in 2004, and data analysis system through the field experiments using artificial defects to implement ILI on pipeline owned by KOGAS. But we decided to develop an alternative design to increase performance in piggability and robustness, grow up magnetic flux strength applied to pipe wall, and made a robust sensor mount system against pig rolling before doing field application in 2007. In this paper, we will describe the structure of advanced magnetizer, which introduces magnetic flux stronger than previous version by adopting card type brushes and circular array of permanent magnets and compare results of field experiments and FEM analysis of the different types magnetizer respectively. As a conclusion, we could see that developed magnetizer and urethane sensor mount system worked very well when pig ran through the pipeline for long itinerary and a very high speed more than 6[m/sec]. This system showed more enhanced performance in detecting defects than the previous system.
Conference papers on the topic "Buried pipe detection"
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Imai, Takanori, Tsukasa Mizutani, Tatsuya Iguchi, and Toshihiro Haneda. "Subsurface Damage and Pipe Detection of Bridge Decks and Roads by Deep-Learning Based GPR Inversion with Unsupervised Domain Adaptation." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3200.
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<p>This study focuses on complete restoration of subsurface physical properties by inverse analysis of on-vehicle Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) images. While deep learning-based inversion methods trained by simulated GPR images have shown promising results, they struggle with real-world data due to domain discrepancies. Therefore, this study applies Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA). Adversarial training of an additionally integrated domain classifier and the main inversion network enables the main network to extract domain-independent features, enhancing performance on real GPR images. Testing on a bridge deck specimen demonstrated improved stability in permittivity estimation and detection of damages and rebars. When applied to earthwork field, the model successfully detected buried concrete culvert. Proposed approach showcases the novel application of UDA to on-vehicle GPR systems for infrastructure inspection.</p>
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Shankar, Vignesh, and Emer Flounders. "Case Studies on Application of Indirect Inspection Technology and Methodology in Municipal Water and Wastewater Systems." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-21056.
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Abstract Indirect inspection surveys have successfully inspected piggable and difficult to pig buried onshore Oil and Gas steel pipelines for decades. Indirect inspection methodologies such as ACVG, DCVG, CIS, GPS, leak detection, and DOC have aided oil and gas pipeline operators to monitor the health of their assets and completing mitigation to ensure their assets are functioning as per design, standards, and code. There has been extensive continuous improvement in monitoring oil and gas pipelines using indirect inspection technology. The water and wastewater pipelines have varying pipe materials. These pipelines are not regulated and do not have extensive literature, and dedicated teams to support maintaining assets in relation to external corrosion prevention, maintenance, and monitoring. This paper focuses on the application of demonstrated indirect inspection technology and methodology in municipal water and wastewater pipelines. The paper will discuss different pipe materials: coated steel pipeline, BWP, and PCCP inspected using indirect inspection technology, and present case studies.
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Beggs, Joel, and John H. Fitzgerald. "Preparing Gas Distribution Piping for the Construction of a Light Rail Transit System." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03711.
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Abstract The light rail transit (LRT) system in Minneapolis, Minnesota is being constructed in response to the need to ease freeway congestion and move more people. To prepare the gas distribution piping for detection, monitoring and control of any stray current that might occur, the gas company has isolated the piping and installed various testing and measurement facilities. Stray current provisions include buried permanent reference electrodes in strategic locations, current measuring hoops on the piping to detect magnitude and direction of current, special piping construction for pipe crossing the tracks in the downtown area and judicious use of electrical isolating joints in various lines. Baseline surveys and future testing programs are being developed. This paper describes the LRT system and the preparations being made on the gas distribution piping.
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Galbraith, Joe M. "A New Inspection Technology for Detecting Corrosion under Insulation." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00101.
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Abstract The characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating down steel piping are modified when these waves encounter corrosion on the external surface of pipe. This fact forms the basis for a new non-destructive testing technique that has been developed to provide a method of rapidly evaluating insulated or buried piping for external corrosion. Broad-band electromagnetic waves are introduced to excite the pipe. As these waves travel along the pipe they are altered in predictable ways when encountering corrosion. The waves can travel hundreds of feet down piping and provide full-body inspection without the need to access the pipe’s surface. For this reason this new electromagnetic inspection of piping offers a unique advantage over conventional non-destructive inspection methods for evaluating the integrity of piping whose surface is not directly accessible.
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Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, George T. Bayer, and Anil Kumar Chikkam. "Cathodic Protection, Coatings That Shield Cathodic Protection, Stress Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion Assessment in Aging Coated Pipe Lines and Buried Utility Structures." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10544.
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Abstract Underground coated structures such as pipelines, transmission towers & poles, galvanized guy anchors, tanks and coated galvanized anchors are aging and are at risk of corrosion failure due to coating shielding cathodic protection, localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Those tasked with maintaining these structures require an in-depth understanding of the locations where these aging pipelines are at risk of localized corrosion due to cathodic protection shielding. Corrosion failures in aging pipelines are either sudden catastrophic ruptures or gradual leaks due to localized corrosion. Corrosion failures in transmission structures or galvanized anchors are also at risk of loss in thickness and catastrophic ruptures. Major factors associated with these corrosion areas are coating dis-bondment, blistering/delamination, the presence of moisture, corrosive soils, inadequate cathodic protection and cathodic protection shielding. These areas have a much higher statistical probability of catastrophic failure and rupture. In pipelines, most of the time initiation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and pitting corrosion are detected by coincidence in excavation and digs and is not targeted or predicted by analysis of corrosion performance parameters. Internal or In-line inspection (ILI) tools have limited capability for detecting or identifying stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion initiation. Here we would like to elaborate on corrosion risk associated with coatings that shield cathodic protection.
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Choi, Yoon-Seok, and Jung-Gu Kim. "A Galvanic Sensor for Monitoring the Corrosion Damage of Buried Pipelines: Part. 2. Laboratory Electrochemical Testing of Sensors in Soil." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04436.
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Abstract In order to develop a new corrosion sensor for detecting and monitoring the corrosion of buried pipeline, the correlation of sensor output to corrosion rate of steel pipe, and its sensitivity and durability, were evaluated by electrochemical methods in two soils of varying resistivity (5,000 ohm-cm, 10,000 ohm-cm). In this paper, two types of electrochemical probes were used: galvanic cells containing of pipeline steel-copper and pipeline steel-stainless steel (Type 304). The galvanic corrosion test was accomplished by a zero resistance ammeter technique. Weight loss, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to obtain the corrosion rates of pipeline steel in soil. The correlation between galvanic current and corrosion rate was evaluated in terms of the total charge passed. The results of weight loss, linear polarization resistance, and EIS measurements are presented along with the sensitivity and durability of the sensor system. The comparison of the sensor output and corrosion rates revealed that a linear relationship was found between the probe current and the corrosion rates. Especially, a good linear quantitative relationship was found between the Cu-CS probe current and the corrosion rate of the pipeline steel coupons. In addition, the Cu-CS probe is more suitable for high resistance soil than SS-CS probe, due to the high current output.
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Choi, Yoon-Seok, Min-Kyung Chung, and Jung-Gu Kim. "A Galvanic Sensor for Monitoring the Corrosion Damage of Buried Pipelines: Part. 1. Laboratory Tests to Determine the Correlation of Probe Current to Actual Corrosion Damage." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03438.
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Abstract In order to develop a new corrosion sensor for detecting and monitoring the corrosion of buried pipeline, sensor element design and the correlation of its output to corrosion rate of steel pipe, were evaluated by laboratory test methods in synthetic groundwater. The sensor uses well-known principles of galvanic corrosion and consists of two dissimilar metals (anode and cathode) installed in the soil on the pipeline. In this paper, two types of electrochemical probes were used: pipeline steel-copper, and pipeline steel-stainless steel (Type 304) galvanic cells. The corrosion behavior in synthetic groundwater for the different electrodes was investigated by potentiodynamic test. Weight loss and galvanic corrosion tests were conducted to obtain the correlation between galvanic current and corrosion rate. The results of the potentiodynamic test indicated that pipeline steel and copper exhibited active corrosion behavior, but stainless steel demonstrated spontaneous passivation. In galvanic corrosion tests, the galvanic current of copper-steel couple was higher than those of other couples. The comparison of the sensor output and corrosion rates revealed that a linear relationship was found between the probe current and the corrosion rates.
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Choi, Yoon-Seok, Dong-Ho Shin, Sang-Hyun Kim, and Jung-Gu Kim. "A Galvanic Sensor for Monitoring the Corrosion Damage of Buried Pipelines: Electrochemical Tests to Determine the Correlation of Probe Current to Internal Corrosion Damage in Synthetic Tap Water." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05383.
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Abstract In order to develop a new corrosion sensor for detecting and monitoring the internal corrosion of water distribution pipeline, the selection of sensor elements and the correlation of sensor output to corrosion rate of steel pipe were evaluated by laboratory test methods in synthetic tap water. In this paper, two types of electrochemical probes were used: galvanic cells containing of pipeline steel-copper and pipeline steel-stainless steel (UNS S30400). The electrochemical behavior in synthetic tap water for the sensor elements was investigated by potentiodynamic test. Linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to obtain the corrosion rates of pipeline steel in synthetic tap water. The galvanic current density was measured by a zero resistance ammeter for Cu-CS and SS-CS probes. The correlation between the galvanic current of sensor and the corrosion rate of pipeline was evaluated in terms of the cumulative charge value. The results of the potentiodynamic test indicated that copper and pipeline steel exhibited active corrosion behavior, whereas stainless steel demonstrated spontaneous passivation. A good correlation was obtained by LPR and EIS measurements for corrosion rates of pipeline steel. In galvanic corrosion tests, the galvanic current of Cu-CS probe was higher than that of SS-CS probe. A comparison of the sensor output and pipeline corrosion rate revealed that Cu-CS probe showed a more reliable linear relationship than SS-CS probe. Consequently, it is proved that the copper was suitable for corrosion sensor element to detect the internal corrosion damage of water pipeline.
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Kim, Eui Youl, Min Soo Kim, and Sang Kwon Lee. "Analysis of Acoustic Wave Due to Gas Leakage in Buried Gas Pipe." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86743.
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A time frequency technique for locating leaks in buried gas distribution pipes involves the use of the cross-correlation on two measured acoustic signals on either side of a leak. This technique can be problematic for locating leaks in steel pipes, as the acoustic signals in these pipes are generally narrowband and low frequency. The effectiveness of the time-frequency technique for detecting leaks in steel pipes was investigated experimentally in an earlier study. The object of this paper is to identify the characteristics of this dispersive acoustic wave through analysis of the cut-off frequency by using the time-frequency method experimentally and BEM (boundary element method) theoretically for the development of an experimental tool to analyze the leak signals in steel pipe. The tool is based on experimental work and theoretical formulation of wave propagation in a fluid-filled pipe. This tool uses the time-frequency method to explain some of the features of wave propagation measurements made in gas pipes. Leak noise signals are generally passed through a time-frequency filter for detection of impulse signal related leakage.
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Patterson, Oliver D., Hyoung H. Kang, Jay Strane, et al. "Detection and Verification of Silicide Pipe Defects on SOI Technology Using Voltage Contrast Inspection." In ISTFA 2007. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0270.
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Abstract A methodology for detecting silicide pipes on SOI technology in-line soon after their formation is described. Techniques currently exist to detect pipes in-line, but only much later in the process. This methodology, which is based on voltage contrast inspection of test structures, allows experiments to be completed more quickly providing much faster cycles of learning. Two different test structures are described. The first one was designed for other purposes but was adopted for silicide pipe detection at M1. The second was specially designed and allows pipe detection at silicide anneal, W CMP and M1. A procedure for determining the cause of buried shorts detected by the eS32 is also described. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the benefit of this technique.
Reports on the topic "Buried pipe detection"
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Kumar. L52002 Man-Portable Magnetic Gradiometer for Buried Pipe Detection and Location. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011154.
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The detection and location of buried underground or submerged underwater pipes is of importance to the utility, natural gas, and petroleum industries. Current detection and location methods include ground penetrating radar (GPR), ground conductivity measurements, and magnetometers. GPR presents numerous problems, including signal attenuation in the ground and the presence of ground clutter. Ground conductivity measurements require that electrodes be planted in the ground and results may be affected by ground conditions. Magnetometers can detect ferrous pipes, or pipes with ferrous taggants, since ferrous material will distort the earth�s magnetic field. In addition magnetometers can detect buried conductors by measuring the magnetic field generated by the current in the conductor. However, presently used magnetometers cannot provide information about the exact location and depth of the pipe or conductor since they do not measure all the independent components of the magnetic field gradient at a given spatial location above ground.
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Bruce. L51613 Ultrasonic Vehicle for the Detection of SCC in Buried Gas Pipelines.pdf. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010582.
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This report describes the present state of development of the ultrasonic pipe inspection vehicle being jointly developed by C.W. Pope and Associates and the Centre for Industrial Control Sciences at the University of Newcastle, Australia. The present aim is the evaluation of unpressurised pipelines to record areas of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at relatively low cost and with minimum sophistication.The report addresses the suitability of ultrasonics in detecting stress corrosion cracking, outlines the system developed to date, and presents results and discussion from the laboratory trials in which the vehicle has been run in four samples of pipeline containing SCC.
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Dawalibi. L51925 Detection of Anomalies in Coated Pipelines Using Long Range Ultrasonics. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010644.
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Long-range guided wave pipeline inspection is claimed to be able to inspect ranges of well over 30 meters (100 Feet) in either direction (i.e. total inspection greater than 60 Meters or 200 Ft.) from a single position. In terms of inspected meters per measurement and cost per meter this technique can be a fundamental improvement from conventional methods for pipeline inspection. For inspection of hard-to-access locations it offers a good on-stream screening alternative by being able to image the pipe section from an easier-access location. Examples of inaccessible locations are road-, railway-, river-, dike- and other crossings. Excavating the pipeline for inspection at these locations is expensive and the potential cost savings of a technique like long-range pipeline inspection are attractive. The objective of this project was to combine theory, modeling and experimental/operational elements in order to be able to handle the more complex situations as found at buried sections of pipelines, more specifically bitumen coating. Laboratory and field experiments supported by modeling and developing an approach to inspect a coated pipe configuration are parts of this work in order to get both reliable and practical knowledge. Another important part was the evaluation of the different transducer and equipment concepts available and establish their merits. In the project the propagation and reflection of guided waves was modeled and simulated for relevant situations. Two suppliers, SwRI and PiL, were involved in laboratory trials and field trials both to confirm the modeling and obtain a clear view of the practical aspects in operation and the actual capabilities of their systems. Modeling resulted in a formula providing estimates for the reflectivity of defects. Using scaling rules these were compared to data obtained in the laboratory trials.
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Meloy, John D. L51702 Precision Gas Pipeline Location-A Technology Study. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010417.
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A review of currently used pipe-locating techniques and technologies shows a universally conservative approach to system design. Tested and proven sensors and data processors have been integrated into systems that optimize performance specifically for the pipeline-location problem. Although these systems perform well, they could be improved and augmented (that is, performance could be enhanced) by incorporating a broader sensor mix. Emerging technologies also hold promise for upgrading performance by improving, rather than changing the basic sensors. This study was undertaken to survey and evaluate the technology available to determine accurately the position of submerged or buried gas transmission pipelines, and to assess the applicability of some of the emerging technologies. The objectives are to increase accuracy and reliability while reducing the cost of surveys. This report is organized to provide an overview of the elements applicable to the problem of pipe detection, identification, and location. These elements include basic sensors and pipe-location systems made up of sensors, computers, peripherals, and data links. The report includes a qualitative comparison of both sensors and systems using a number of performance criteria. A brief description of relevant technologies that have been developed for uses other than pipeline location, as well as new and emerging technologies, is also included.
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Gangrao, Hota V. S., Udaya B. Halabe, John Zondlo, et al. DTPH56-16-HCAP-02 Glass-Polymer Composite High Pressure Pipes and Joints-Design, Manufacture. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011841.
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The project focuses on developing glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite pipes including a range of joining systems. A few of the many advantages of GFRP composite pipes are their non-corrosiveness, magnetic transparency, and high strength-to-weight ratio. As a part of this project, GFRP pipes and joints were designed, manufactured, and evaluated under static loads. Emphasis was placed in the evaluation of stress-rupture (burst pressure) of GFRP composite pipes that could withstand internal pressures as high as 5000 psi. The report also includes the design and testing of high-pressure composite joints for these pipes. In addition, the report discusses the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for successfully detecting the FRP pipes under buried conditions. The report also includes the detection of gas leakage from buried pipes using mass spectroscopy.
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Stulen, Foster. PR-3-722-R01 Acoustic Emissions Monitoring and Evaluation. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011414.
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Evaluates pipeline acoustic emission data gathered with the intent of detecting the development of pipe cracking. The primary objectives being to acquire data to verify the usefulness and accuracy of an analytical model of the acoustic emission process in buried pipelines an to demonstrate the capabilities of advanced analysis techniques.
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Krause, Thomas, Mehrdad Keshefi, Ross Underhill, and Lynann Clapham. PR652-203801-R02 Magnetic Object Model for Large Standoff Magnetometry Measurement. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012151.
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Ferromagnetic pipeline steel may exhibit magnetization, even in the absence of applied magnetic fields, due to remnant fields or the presence of pipe wall stress. Remnant magnetization may be present from previous or existing exposure to a magnetic field, while pipe wall stress induced magnetization can result from line pressure, environmental stresses due to settling or geohazard conditions, and residual stresses due to nonuniform plastic deformation caused by manufacturing processes, installation or operating conditions. The local stress state of the pipeline may also be altered by corrosion or damage. The physical basis for magnetization in pipelines due to intrinsic and resident stresses is examined here using the magnetic object (MO) model. MOs are characterized as regions of relatively independent magnetic behaviour, typically about the size of a ferromagnetic steel grain, to which expressions for the magnetic energy of local domain structures can be applied. The lowest energy state for an MO is a flux-closed structure, but the presence of stress can modify the MO energy through inverse magnetostrictive effects on the domain structure and thereby, produce a state of magnetization. This magnetization may be altered by the introduction of additional stress sources including pressurization of the pipe, geological-environment effects, sources of magnetization that include the proximity of other ferromagnetic pipes, even those comprising sections of the same pipeline, and changes in the pipe structure that may be brought about by deformation, corrosion or cracking. This work shows that the fundamental building block of the MO, combined with considerations of overall changes in domain structure due to these factors, can be used to model the generation of magnetic fields measured outside of pipeline structures. This will have implications for understanding sources of pipeline magnetization that are passively measured above buried oil and gas pipelines with the objective of detecting anomalous conditions that may indicate compromised conditions for safe pipeline operation.
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Jarram, Paul, Phil Keogh, and Dave Tweddle. PR-478-143723-R01 Evaluation of Large Stand Off Magnetometry Techniques. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010841.
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Monitoring the integrity of buried ageing ferromagnetic pipelines is a significant problem for infrastructure operators. Typically inspection relies on pig surveys, lDCVG, CIPS and contact NDT methods that often require pipes to be uncovered and often at great expense. This report contains the results of trials carried out on a controlled test bed using a novel remote sensing technique known as Stress Concentration Tomography (SCT) which claims to be capable of detecting corrosion, metal defects and the effects of ground movement by mapping variations in the earth's magnetic field around pipelines. The physical law upon which SCT has been engineered is Magnetostriction which is the process by which internal domains inside the structure of ferromagnetic materials, such as carbon steel alloys, create magnetic fields when subjected to mechanical stress. This report contains the results of controlled trials of the technology which potentially offers pipeline operators, particularly those of non-piggable pipelines, the benefit of considerable inspection cost savings since it is a non-invasive technique and no modification to the line or its operational parameters is required.