Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Burkina Faso / holistic care'
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Drabo, Koiné Maxime. "Offrir une réponse aux besoins médicaux et psychosociaux des patients tuberculeux au Burkina Faso: quelles stratégies adopter ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210412.
Full textIntroduction.
La prise en charge (PEC) des malades de tuberculose a été confiée à des institutions spécialisées et réduite aux seuls aspects biomédicaux du problème. En associant une revue de littérature sur les dimensions du problème posé par la tuberculose et un état des lieux sur la prise de charge de la tuberculose, les besoins non couverts par les centres de diagnostic et de traitement (CDTs) ont été identifiés dans trois districts sanitaires (DS) ruraux du Burkina Faso. Le recueil des évidences sur les interventions à même de corriger ces insuffisances (dans la littérature), associé à l’expérience des acteurs sur le terrain ont conduit à la mise en place d’un dispositif de soins. Ce dispositif intègre i) la décentralisation de la prise en charge des malades des CDTs vers les centres de santé de 1er échelon (CS), ii) l’organisation d’un soutien psychosocial au profit des malades en traitement et iii) la mise en contribution de personnes ressources pour offrir un soutien socioéconomique aux malades. Le présent travail s’intéresse à la conception et le test du dispositif au cours d’une phase pilote.
La question générale de recherche était de savoir si un tel dispositif pouvait améliorer significativement non seulement les résultats biomédicaux, mais aussi le confort physique, psychologique et matériel des malades pendant leur traitement. Trois hypothèses, faisant référence aux interventions clé du dispositif de soins, ont guidé l’investigation de cette question :
i) Une décentralisation du diagnostic, de l’administration des médicaments et du suivi du traitement de la tuberculose, des CDT vers les CS va contribuer à réduire pour les malades la distance à parcourir et accroitre de ce fait le taux de dépistage.
ii) Un soutien psychosocial va renforcer l’estime de soi des patients tuberculeux et réduire la stigmatisation ressentie par eux. Elle contribuera à améliorer le confort psychologique des malades ainsi que les résultats de traitement.
iii) Un soutien socioéconomique bien coordonné va résoudre les besoins de base des patients tuberculeux (transport, nourriture, habillement, etc.). Il va contribuer à améliorer les conditions de vie des malades ainsi que les résultats de traitement.
Le contenu du présent document comprend cinq parties. La première propose une introduction, la démarche générale et le contexte où le test du dispositif a été mis en place. La seconde présente les dimensions du problème posé par la tuberculose, un état des lieux sur l’offre actuelle de soins et les interventions potentiellement efficaces pour combler les besoins non couverts. La troisième partie décrit comment le dispositif de soin a été conçu et modélisé. La quatrième partie décrit le processus d’implantation et le fonctionnement du dispositif. Enfin, la dernière partie propose une discussion générale et quelques leçons apprises.
Première partie :Introduction, contexte et approche méthodologique générale.
Dans un chapitre introductif, nous mettons en exergue les défis que représente la promotion de la santé, le centre d’intérêt de la thèse, l’énoncé de la question de recherche et le cheminement méthodologique. Le cheminement utilisé est emprunté au modèle proposé par Campbell et Loeb pour la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation des interventions complexes. Il comporte quatre phases :i) la phase de modélisation, ii) la phase pilote, iii) la phase d’expérimentation définitive et iv) la phase d’implantation à long terme. La conception-modélisation et le test du dispositif de soins au cours d’une phase pilote ont fait l’objet du présent travail.
Le second chapitre présente le site de l’expérience. Six districts sanitaires ruraux sont répartis en un site d’intervention (3 districts couvrant un total de 8 453 km2 avec une population de 726 651 habitants en 2005) et en un site contrôle (3 autres districts couvrant un total de 9636 km2 avec une population de 719946). Les 2 sites partagent les mêmes réalités concernant l’organisation des soins en deux échelons (centres de santé de 1er échelon et hôpitaux de référence), la couverture en infrastructures (avec un rayon moyen de couverture par CS d’environ 6 kilomètres), l’organisation de la prise en charge de la tuberculose et les résultats du contrôle de cette maladie. La fréquentation des services de soins curatifs est considérée faible dans les 2 sites, comme dans les autres DS ruraux du pays. Elle se justifierait par les barrières financières, les pesanteurs socioculturelles, les perceptions négatives des populations vis à vis des services de santé et l’absence de système performant pour la prise en charge des urgences et des indigents.
Dans le troisième chapitre, un cadre général d’analyse de l’implantation du dispositif et de l’évaluation de son efficacité est proposé. Des précisions sont données à propos des centres d’intérêt, du but final de l’expérience et des méthodes utilisées pour vérifier les hypothèses de recherche. Une étude du processus d’implantation sert à analyser les interactions entre les acteurs et à identifier les obstacles rencontrés de même que les insuffisances du dispositif. Une étude quasi expérimentale sert à évaluer l’efficacité du dispositif.
Deuxième partie :Phase théorique.
Dans le quatrième chapitre, les insuffisances de l’offre de soins par les CDTs sont décrites et une revue de littérature sur les dimensions du problème posé par la tuberculose est présentée. Les 3 interventions susceptibles de couvrir les lacunes de l’offre actuelle de soins sont alors identifiées.
Troisième partie :Phase de modélisation du dispositif de soins.
Dans un cinquième chapitre, le processus de modélisation du dispositif est décrit. Une simulation du fonctionnement du dispositif permet de prévoir les effets directs et indirects. Les outils de documentation et d’évaluation du dispositif sont présentés.
Quatrième partie :Développement de la phase pilote.
Cette partie se compose de 4 chapitres qui sont: la présentation des interventions, des résultats intermédiaires, des interactions entre ces interventions et le système de santé. L’évaluation des effets observés termine cette partie.
Le sixième chapitre présente la manière dont le dispositif a été mis en place et son fonctionnement. En partant d’une démarche standardisée, obtenue après une concertation entre les différents acteurs (professionnels de santé et personnes issues du milieu de vie des malades), trois interventions ont été implantées dans les districts d’intervention. Il s’agit de la décentralisation du diagnostic et du traitement de la tuberculose dans 24 CS (8 / district), la mise en place de sessions de groupes de parole dans chaque CDT au profit des malades et la mise en place d’un comité de soutien dont les membres sont issus de l’environnement socioculturel des malades.
Le septième chapitre présente les résultats intermédiaires de chaque intervention.
Le huitième chapitre an\
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Daniele, M. "Involving men in maternity care in Burkina Faso : an intervention study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4645532/.
Full textYaya, Bocoum Fadima I. K. "Feasibility of introducing an onsite test for syphilis in the package of antenatal care at the rural primary health care level in Burkina Faso." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5007.
Full textBackground: Syphilis transmission remains a global problem with an estimated 12 million people infected each year. Ninety percent of syphilis cases occur in low income countries. Syphilis is a serious source of adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and infant. Ideally, syphilis screening should be provided as part of a package of maternal and newborn health-care services. This thesis reports on a pilot intervention study to develop, implement and evaluate a point of care test for syphilis in antenatal care services in rural Burkina Faso. Methods: This study used a pre post intervention mixed methods quasi-experimental design with a group of health facilities offering ANC services (primary health centers in rural area) as the sampling units. This study was conducted in three phases, which consisted of a situational analysis using qualitative methods (Phase 1), selecting an appropriate test through evaluating 4 candidate tests and the participatory design and implementation of an intervention that included onsite training, provision of supplies and medicines, quality control and supervision (Phase 2), and an evaluation combining review of record tools, interviews, time motion study and estimating incremental costs (Phase 3). The conceptual framework draws on multilevel assessment (MLA), policy triangle framework, MRC framework for designing complex interventions and the Normalization Process Model (NPM). Methods included document review, seventy five interviews were conducted with health providers, district managers, facility managers, traditional healers, pregnant women, community health workers, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) managers in phase I and fourteen in phase III, non-participant observation, time-motion study, incremental cost analysis, and sensitivity, specificity and ease of use analysis of four candidate point-of care tests. Data were collected between 2012 and 2014. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis supported by Nvivo software. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and median supported by SPSS. Findings: Phase I identified barriers to implementation and uptake of syphilis testing at health provider and community levels. The most important barriers at provider level included fragmentation of services, poor communication between health workers and clients, failure to prescribe syphilis test, and low awareness of syphilis burden. Cost of testing, distance to laboratory and lack of knowledge about syphilis were identified as barriers at community level. Phase II: Alere DetermineTM Syphilis was the most sensitive of the four point-of-care tests evaluated. The components of the intervention were successfully implemented in the selected health facilities. Overall, phase III showed that it is feasible and acceptable to introduce a point of care test for syphilis in antenatal care services at primary health care level using the available staff. The intervention was reported as acceptable, but of 812 pregnant women who came for their first visit 39% were screened during the study period. Rural facilities had higher coverage (66.8%) than the urban ones (25.6%). Quality control found no discordance between the rapid test and TPHA results. The average cost of ANC per unscreened pregnant woman was 3.11 USD (±0.14) vs 5.06 USD (±0.16) per screened woman. The main cost driver was the material costs notably the test itself. The test’s cost is comparable to HIV test costs, but funder support for integrating this additional test is less readily available than for HIV tests. Conclusions: The findings suggested that an intervention that introduces point of care test for syphilis at antenatal care services is feasible, acceptable, and of comparable costs to HIV screening in pregnancy. Nonetheless, instructions and supervision need to be clearer to achieve optimal levels of screening and quality control, and barriers identified by health workers need to be overcome. The point-of care test for syphilis is likely to be acceptable by health workers as a routine service and incorporated as a normal practice in Burkina Faso context.
This research was made financially possible by the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); and the African Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship (ADDRF 2012) award offered by the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) in partnership with the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
Rouamba, George. "« Yaab-rãmba » : une anthropologie du care des personnes vieillissantes à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0397/document.
Full textThe political, family, religious, economic and spatial lead to break with evidence maintained on African societies like those in care for the elderly in the name of social respect of ages. This work deconstructs social representations of old age by showing both on the on hand, that the categories of old age are the product of public policies and on the other the old ages are heterogeneous, dynamic and contextual. From a broader the case studies, this thesis explores the experiences from old forms of care for elderly in the capital, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). An ethnography within families, in a special care unit in a university hospital and a reception center for women accused of witchcraft allows to decrypt the complex relationships of care between the micro and macro social level. This thesis is a contribution to the anthropology of care in old age
Richard, Fabienne. "La césarienne de qualité au Burkina Faso: comment penser et agir au delà de l'acte technique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209716.
Full textL’objectif de notre thèse est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des déterminants d’une césarienne de qualité et de montrer comment en situation réelle (cas d’un district urbain au Burkina Faso) on peut agir sur ces déterminants pour améliorer la qualité des césariennes.
Dans le cadre d’un projet multidisciplinaire (santé publique, mobilisation politique et sociale, anthropologie) d’Amélioration de la QUalité et de l’Accès aux Soins Obstétricaux d’Urgence - le projet AQUASOU (2003-2006) - nous avons pu mettre en œuvre des activités visant à améliorer l’accès à une césarienne de qualité dans le district du Secteur 30) à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Nous avons mené une étude Avant-Après et utilisé des méthodes d’évaluation mixtes quantitatives et qualitatives pour comprendre dans quelle mesure et comment ce type d’approche globale améliore la qualité de la césarienne. Nous avons utilisé le cadre d’analyse de Dujardin et Delvaux (1998) qui présente les différents déterminants de la césarienne pour organiser et structurer nos résultats. Cette expérience s’étant déroulée dans le cadre d’un projet pilote nous avons également évalué le degré de pérennité du projet AQUASOU quatre ans après sa clôture officielle et analysé sa diffusion au niveau région et national.
Le cadre d’analyse de la césarienne de qualité avec ses quatre piliers (Accès, Diagnostic, Procédure, Soins postopératoires) a permis d’aller au-delà de la simple évaluation de la qualité technique de l’acte césarienne. Il a structuré l’analyse des différentes barrières à l’accès à la césarienne comme par exemple l’acceptabilité des services par la population et le coût de la prise en charge.
L’analyse des discours des femmes césarisées a mis en lumière le sentiment de culpabilité des femmes d’avoir eu une césarienne - ne pas avoir été « une bonne mère » capable d’accoucher normalement. Les questionnements sur la récurrence de la césarienne pour les prochaines grossesses, les dépenses élevées à la charge du ménage, la fatigue physique et les complications médicales possibles après l’opération mettent la femme dans une situation de vulnérabilités plurielles au sein de son couple et de sa famille.
L’évaluation du système de partage des coûts pour les urgences obstétricales mis en place en 2005 dans le district du Secteur 30 a montré qu’il était possible de mobiliser les collectivités locales de la ville et des communes rurales pour la santé des femmes. La levée des barrières financières a pu bénéficier à la fois aux femmes du milieu urbain et rural mais l’écart d’utilisation des services entre le milieu de résidence n’a pas été comblé et cela confirme l’importance des barrières géographiques (distance, route impraticable pendant la saison des pluies, manque de moyen de transport) et socioculturelles.
L’étude sur le rôle des audits cliniques ou revues de cas dans l’amélioration de la qualité des soins a montré que les soignants avaient une bonne connaissance du but de l'audit et qu’ils classaient l'audit comme le premier facteur de changement dans leur pratique, comparé aux staffs matinaux, aux formations et aux guides cliniques. Cependant, l’institutionnalisation des audits se révèle difficile dans un contexte de manque de ressources qui affecte les conditions de travail et dans un environnement peu favorable à la remise en question de sa pratique professionnelle.
L’évaluation de la pérennité du projet pilote quatre ans après la fin du soutien financier et technique montre que les bénéfices pour la population sont toujours là en terme d’accessibilité à la césarienne :coûts directs pour les ménages de 5000 FCFA (US $ 9.8), qualité des soins maintenue avec une diminution de la mortalité périnatale précoce pour les accouchements par césarienne de 3,6% en 2004 à 1,8% en 2008.
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Yugbaré, Belemsaga Danielle, Anne Goujon, Aristide Bado, Seni Kouanda, Els Duysburgh, Marleen Temmerman, and Olivier Degomme. "Integration of postpartum care into child health and immunization services in Burkina Faso: findings from a cross-sectional study." BMC, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6734/1/document.pdf.
Full textZongo, Sylvie. "Procréer en temps d'infection à VIH : offre de soins et expériences de femmes en milieu urbain (Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3071/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the procreation in the context of HIV infection based on remarkable therapeutic progress nowadays in caring people. It's based on three big parts which show at the same time global ranges and elements based on HIV positive women's experience in Burkina Faso. In associations fighting against HIV and health centers, people receive more information on the possibility to have children when they are HIV positive but under the condition of essential medicines, furthermore the therapeutic and nutritional supply is sometimes supported by some agencies. These information and supply are got back by people namely women who once organize direct and build not only their behavior but also their choice of procreation and their distance of caring. This treatment of procreation in the context of HIV in Burkina Faso explains a process of recomposition and taking in charge HIV in health centers. A recomposition characterized by an evolution of speeches, representations and birth of new activities which requires new practices for care givers, a strengthening of interference of medicines in people's sexual and reproductive life. Besides for women, the emergency of new maternity which is written in the report in “maternity-femininity” make more place in the figure of the topic about the family and couple's relationship
Nikiema, Dayangnewende Edwige. "Prise en charge thérapeutique des personnes vivant avec le VIH et territorialités : exemple du Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462158.
Full textOuedraogo, Ramatou. "« L'avortement, ses pratiques et ses soins ». une anthropologie des jeunes au prisme des normes sociales et des politiques publiques de santé au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0036/document.
Full textInduced abortion without medical or legal request in countries where it is prohibitedsuch as Burkina Faso poses both a public health and social problems. It is this doubleproblematic that this thesis explored in order to understand the causes of the difficultiesfacing the country to fight against unsafe abortions, and the factors that increased thispractice among young people. Immersion in abortion universe (health facilities andlives of women and men who have experienced abortion) and interviews with variousactors, have shown that the way abortion is thought and treated in public space combineto create insurmountable obstacles to its constitution as a real public health problem andits efficient management. It is designed as a deviance and it is highly reprobated.Consecutive stigmata due to this deviance and its moral and symbolic issues mark theirseals to the process leading to social and political recognition of the problem. Therefore,abortion is partially on the public health policies agenda, and access to abortion servicesin health structures are accordingly influenced. The occurrence of abortion among youthrefers to practices among “young people” in a context marked by a mutation of the wayof accessing social adulthood status, as well as economic and statutory precariousness.This work shows that pregnancies that lead to abortions are the combination of aheteronomy and individuation impulses within young women in their resourcefulness tobecome adult and succeed socially and economically in the city of Ouagadougou. Thisresearch therefore contributes to studies in the fields of anthropology of the subject andthe anthropology of health
Ouedraogo, Manhamady. "Accidents de la route et recours aux soins chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans à Ouagadougou." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC042.
Full textRoad traffic injuries among children are now a major public health problem worldwide. Very little research has been done on this subject in Africa. In Burkina Faso, there is a lack of research on the population of children under 15 years of age to our knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to contribute, on the one hand, to a better knowledge of children's road accidents and their consequences and, on the other hand, to analyse the use of victims' care according to the supply and demand for care. The methodology is based on a mixed approach, using a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results made it possible to highlight the residential areas linked to children's accidents in their daily activities, the different traumas and the care circuit according to the supply and demand for care. The results also reveal all the socio-economic and health difficulties during and after the changeover at the Centre Hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle
Traore, Isidore Tiandiogo. "Prise en charge des travailleuses du sexe confrontées au VIH/sida au Burkina Faso : évaluation d’un paquet d’intervention offert aux jeunes travailleuses du sexe dans la ville de Ouagadougou." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT036.
Full textBackground: In West Africa, interventions targeting female sex workers (FSW) are crucial to impact on the HIV dynamics. However, the contents and efficacy of these interventions are unclear, and identifying the most at risk FSW in order to adapt these interventions remain challenging, partly because of the limitations of self-reported sexual behaviours. We therefore designed a comprehensive dedicated intervention targeting young female sex workers, and assessed its impact on HIV incidence in Burkina Faso and the reliability of interview data. Methods: From September 2009 to September 2010 we conducted a cross sectional study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Then HIV-uninfected FSW aged 18-25 years were enrolled in a prospective interventional cohort. The participants were followed quarterly for a maximum of 21 months. The intervention group received a package which combined prevention and care within the same setting, and consisting of peer-led education sessions, psychological support, sexually transmitted infections and HIV care, general routine health care, and reproductive health services. At each visit, behavioural characteristics were collected and HIV, HSV-2 and pregnancy were tested. High-risk behaviour was defined as the first occurrence of any biological event resulting from unsafe sex, including unexpected pregnancy or HSV-2 or T. vaginalis infection. We used random logistic models to assess the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the residual high risk behaviours during the intervention.We compared the cohort HIV incidence with a Bernoulli modelled expected incidence in the absence of intervention, using data collected at the same time from FSW clients and key parameters from the litterature. Results: We screened 609 FSW including 188 (30.9%) professionals. Their median age was 21 years [IQR, 19-23], and the prevalence of HIV was 10.3% among professionals and 6.5% among non-professionals. Overall, 277 (45.6%) women reported high-risk behaviours (41.2% among professionals and 47.5% among non-professionals), which were driven mainly by non-consistent condom use with regular partners. In multivariable analysis, before the intervention, HIV infection was associated with older age (AOR=1.44; 95%CI: 1.22-1.71), with being married/cohabiting (AOR=2.70; 95%CI: 1.21-6.04), and with T. vaginalis infection (AOR=9.63; 95%CI: 2.93-31.59), while previous HIV testing was associated with a decreased risk (AOR=0.18; 95%CI: 0.08-0.40).The 321 HIV-uninfected FSW enrolled in the cohort completed 409 person-years of follow-up. No participant seroconverted for HIV during the study while the expected modelled number of HIV infections were 5.05 (95%CI, 5.01-5.08) during the same follow-up (409 person-years) or 1.23 infection per 100 person-years (p=0.005). This null incidence was related to a reduction in the number of regular partners and regular clients, and to an increase in consistent condom use with casual clients (AOR =2.19; 95%CI, 1.16-4.14, p=0.01) and with regular clients (AOR=2.18; 95%CI, 1.26-3.76, p=0.005). However, the incidence of residual risk was high, at 26.7/100 person-years (95% CI, 24.1-33.7). The residual risk was higher among FSW living in couple (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] =7.47, 95% CI, 1.70-30.80) and among those for whom sex work was not the main source of income (AOR =5.53, 95% CI, 1.75-16.84). The latter also tended not to report high-risk behaviours during face –to–face interview. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for targeted interventions among young FSW focusing particularly on non-professionals, sexual behaviours with regular partners and regular HIV testing. The ANRS 1222 study intervention package which combined peer-based prevention and care within the same setting markedly reduced HIV incidence among young female sex workers in Burkina Faso, through reduced risky behaviours
Ouedraogo, Mady. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la morbidité et mortalité liées au paludisme chez les enfants au Burkina Faso :apport de la modélisation bayésienne dans la compréhension de l’effet des mesures de contrôle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/314449/3/Thesis.pdf.
Full textDespite progress in the fight against malaria in Burkina Faso, malaria remains the most important vector-borne disease in the country, and P. falciparum is the most widespread and deadly pathogen in the area. The factors linked to this high burden are the inaccessibility (financial and geographical) to health care, insufficient diagnoses, and inadequate/late management of malaria cases. The achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 in Burkina Faso is based on the successful implementation of a set of interventions for the prevention, case management, and epidemiological surveillance of malaria. The objective of reducing the case fatality rate linked to malaria to 1% by 2020 has not been reached. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out an evaluation of the effectiveness of malaria control programs (the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets, the use of Artemisinin-based combination therapy, and free health care policies), especially at the sub-national level, which will be useful for guiding decision-making at smaller geographic scales. Routinely collected clinical data on malaria can provide essential information for the assessment of inter- and intra-monthly/annual variation in the effects of malaria control interventions and the risk of malaria at the national and subnational levels among children under five. In Burkina Faso, a significant amount of data is regularly collected through the online data transmission system via the “District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2)”. However, the use of these data to assess the effects of control interventions on the spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria risk at the local (district) level remains limited in Burkina Faso. In this research, we developed spatial and spatio-temporal models implemented in a Bayesian hierarchical framework to (i) assess the effects of control interventions on the spatio-temporal dynamics of morbidity and lethality due to malaria in the period of 2013–2018 in children under 5 in Burkina Faso and (ii) detect health districts (spatio-temporal) that fail to achieve the PNLP objectives in terms of morbidity/lethality. These models use Laplace Integrated Approximation (INLA), a deterministic algorithm that provides an appropriate method for analyzing routine malaria data correlated in both space and time. We observed that the implementation of the free health care policy was significantly associated with an increase in the number of reported cases of malaria tested and confirmed compared to the period before its implementation. This effect was, however, heterogeneous in the health districts. In addition, we found that the monthly malaria case fatality rate declined during the period of 2013–2018. This reduction was significantly associated with the availability of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and treatments. We also observed that the risk of dying from malaria in children under 5 years old was lower during the period following the implementation of this policy compared to the previous period and identified health districts with a high case fatality rate from malaria in the northern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of the country. Our results call for a sustained and strengthened effort to test all suspected cases so that, along with improving early case management, the burden of malaria in children under five can be known with precision. In addition, our results highlight the health districts in greatest need of targeted interventions, as well as the need to maintain and strengthen ongoing health programs to further reduce malaria deaths in Burkina Faso.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Ilboudo, Tegawendé Pierre, and 伊畢天. "Compliance and appropriateness of referral for curative care in rural Burkina Faso." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51302779936374714870.
Full text國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
97
Background: The goal of this study was to contribute to improving the functioning of the referral system in rural Burkina Faso. The main objectives were to ascertain the compliance rate of referral and to identify factors associated with, and to ascertain appropriateness of provider’s referral decision from health center (HC) to first level referral hospital for two indicator conditions (severe malaria in children and pneumonia in adults). Methods: A record review of twelve months curative consultations in eight randomly selected HCs was conducted to identify referral cases, severe malaria (SM) in children under five and pneumonia in adults. To assess referral compliance, all patient documents at referral hospitals from the day the referral was made up to seven days later were checked to verify whether the referred case arrived or not. The correctness of diagnosis and the appropriateness of provider’s referral decision were determined using national clinical guidebook as the ‘gold standard’. Descriptive statistics were performed to compute the compliance rate and the appropriateness rate. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with referral compliance. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to explore difference between referred and non-referred cases with regard to appropriateness of provider’s decision. SPSS 15.0 package was used for the analysis. Results: The number of HC visits per patient per year was 0.6 and the referral rate was 2.0%. Of those who were referred the compliance rate was 41.5% (364/878). After adjustment, children between 5 and 14 years old (OR= 0.5; 95% CI=0.3-0.9), females (OR=0.7; 95% CI=0.5-0.95), patients referred during the rainy seasons (OR=0.6; 95% CI=0.4-0.8), non-emergency referrals (OR=0.5; 95% CI=0.4-0.7), referrals without a referral slip (OR=0.3, 95%; CI=0.2-0.4), patients referred directly to a regional hospital (OR=0.3; 95% CI=0.2-0.6) and referrals from HCs located 10 km or more from the District Hospital (OR=0.5; 95% CI=0.3-0.7) were significantly less likely to comply. Patients referred by a provider of above 30 years (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.4-3.3) were more likely to comply with the referral. For SM cases in children under five, 14.4% (66/457) of diagnoses were correct according to the guidebook. The appropriateness rate of the provider’s referral decision was 60.6% (40/66). Of those who were actually referred (31 cases), 74.2% should not be referred (over-referral). Of those who were actually not referred (35 cases), 8.6% should be referred (under-referral). For pneumonia cases in adults, 5.9% (79/1331) of diagnoses were correct according to the guidebook. The appropriateness rate of the provider’s referral decision was 98.7% (78/79). There was only one case which should not be referred but referred (over-referral). Conclusions: In a rural district of Burkina Faso, we found a relatively low compliance with referral and that multiple factors were associated with a failure to comply. The adherence to the National guideline among health center providers in making diagnosis was low for severe malaria or pneumonia. The appropriateness of referral decision varied by condition. Interventions to improving compliance with referral should target cost concerns, potential geographical barriers, seasonal/climate factors, reinforcement of the District Hospital (DH) and improvement in the providers’ communication skills. Providers should be better trained in the diagnostic process and the management of SM cases. Evaluation of the validity and the reliability of the clinical guidelines and further qualitative studies regarding poor compliance of staff with clinical guidelines may contribute to improving the performance of referral system.
Beogo, Idrissa, and 貝艾薩. "Health-Care-Seeking Patterns in the Emerging Private Sector in Burkina Faso: A Population-based Study of Urban Residents in Ouagadougou." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70308085326909252245.
Full text國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
102
Background: The private medical care sector is expanding in urban cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, people’s health-care-seeking behavior in this new landscape remains poorly understood. Distinguishing between public and private providers and among various types of private providers is critical in this investigation. The dissertation aimed to investigate people’s choice of provider and medical expenditures in urban areas in Burkina Faso by disease severity and its associated factors. Method: We conducted a population-based household survey of a representative sample of 1,600 households in Ouagadougou from July to November 2011, consisting of 5,820 adults and 2411 children fewer than 15 years old. We assessed the types of providers people typically sought for emergency, severe and non-severe conditions. We further investigated the financial burden (and its determinants) borne by the 1666 participants who experienced a morbid event over the past 30 days. We applied generalized estimating equations in this dissertation. Results: Both adults and children overwhelmingly (at least 96.6%) patronized formal healthcare providers, except for nonsevere health condition. The formal provider seekers are roughly equally distributed between for-profit (FP) and not for-profit (NFP) providers. Of the adults, possessing insurance was the strongest predictor for seeking FP, for both severe (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.28), and non-severe conditions (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07–1.39). Other predictors included being a formal jobholder and holding a higher level education. Similar pattern was observed from children population across the assessed conditions. The insured children, higher educated household head and good job position of the household head’s significantly predict the utilization of FP providers. By contrast, for both adults and children we observed no significant difference in predisposing, enabling, or need characteristics between not-for-profit (NFP) provider seekers and public provider seekers. The average expenditure of the people who had experienced a disease episode was 8404.02 CFA (SD = 14418.53, median = 3750; p<0.0001). Of all patients, private provider seekers (mean = 14613.34, SD = 18919.88, median = 8750 CFA; p<0.0001) and insurance possessors (mean = 22537.42, SD = 25916.23, median = 13600CFA; p<0.0001) had significantly higher expenditures than their counterparts. Conclusion: The dissertation empirically demonstrates that urban residents overwhelmingly patronized formal healthcare, particularly for emergency or severe conditions. The findings also reflect the increasingly important role of private sector, FP specifically. Therefore, more understanding and attentions shall be placed on quality of and expenditure incurred in private sector of healthcare.
Samb, Oumar Mallé. "La gratuité des soins et ses effets sociaux : entre renforcement des capabilités et du pouvoir d’agir (empowerment) au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11925.
Full textThe present evidence on free selective assistance of health care is still insufficient and mostly focused on their effects on the use of health services or the reductions of catastrophic expenses. Most times, their social dimension is often hidden. The originality of this thesis lies on the fact that it is the first research that focused on the social effects of the free selective health care interventions. The results are structured under four articles. The first article shows that free selective health care interventions are well accepted since it is seen as a contributor to reinforce social connection. However, the choice of the target recipients is questioned. For moral and humanitarian reasons, communities prefer the inclusion of older people in the target population in place of the poor. Yet, targeting the poor did not lead to stigmatization. The second article showed that providing free health care to the population by the management committee members of the health centers contributed to strengthening their ability to act as well as that of their organization. Yet, for an effective involvement of the community, the study shows that their services must be followed by a reinforcement of their competence. The third article supports the evidence that the removal of health fees has enabled women to no longer have the need to borrow or negotiate the approval of their husbands to have money for antenatal and deliveries care. As a result, it contributed to their empowerment and helped them to reach other health (increased of assisted childbirth) and social goals (elevating their social status.) The fourth article explores the sustainability of free selective health care interventions. The results estimate that the sustainability level of free healthcare for indigent (Ouargaye) is medium corresponding to the highest level in an organization whereas the gratuity of childbirth and health care for children (Dori and Sebba) is precarious. This disparity is mainly caused by a scale difference (size of the population involved) and the magnitude (inequality of the resources involved) between these interventions. Other factors such as the modalities of implementations of these interventions (project strategy in Dori and Sebba vs communal strategy in Ouargaye) played a role. The study has lead to several outcomes such as: 1) The significance of taking into account the values of the population when planning reforms; 2) The efficiency and social significance of common targeting of the needy; 3) The ability of communities to get involved and take care of their health problems assuming that they are provided with financial resources and minimum training; 4) The importance of the process of sustainability especially the stabilization of financial resources necessary for the continuity of the intervention and the adoption of organizational risks in its management; 5) The importance of removing financial barriers to services in order to enhance women’s empowerment and its corollary , their use of social services.
Atchessi, Nicole. "L’exemption de paiement des soins associée à la supervision et à la formation au Burkina Faso : les effets sur la prescription de médicaments." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4971.
Full textThe limited financial access to health care has encouraged the creation of health policies for subsidizing care in Africa. In Burkina Faso, an NGO, in line with the national health policy has been subsidizing care and medicines for children under five years in the health district of Dori since September 2008. The program includes training of health workers, supervision and removal of fees for health care and medication. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of this free care program on the adequacy of drugs prescriptions. Nine health centers were taken into account. A total of 14,956 prescriptions of the target group of children under five years were collected from consultation records a year before and after the introduction of free care program. In addition, fourteen prescribers were interviewed. The prescriptions were analyzed in comparison to the WHO and the national reference. The prescribers’ responses were analyzed to understand their perception of their change in practice since the introduction of the free care program. The study showed that the free care program had an effect by decreasing the use of injections (Odds Ratio (OR) =0.28, p < 0.005) in acute respiratory infections (ARI) cases. It also led to decrease in inappropriate use of antibiotics in the case of malaria (OR=0.48, p<0.0005). The average number of drugs per prescription was also found to have decreased by 14% (p<0.0005) in ARI cases. Several prescribers asserted that their practices are maintained or improved. The program leads to an improvement in the adequacy of drugs prescriptions.
Soubeiga, Dieudonné. "Facteurs organisationnels associés à l’éducation prénatale et impact sur l’accouchement assisté dans deux contextes à risques maternels et néonatals élevés au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6991.
Full textMaternal and neonatal mortality remain high in developing countries. The magnitude of these phenomena is related to a constellation of factors. But a significant proportion of adverse pregnancy and birth outcome, in poor area, are attributable to preventable and behaviourally modifiable causes. Prenatal educational interventions have been developed in order to address the factors affecting the demand for effective maternal and neonatal care. Educational strategies targeting pregnant women include individual counselling, group sessions, and the combination of both strategies. These strategies aim to improve knowledge on issues related to maternal and newborn health and to promote the appropriate use of skilled care and hygiene practices at home. The World Health Organization (WHO) released practice guidelines in developing countries related to maternal and neonatal care including birth preparedness, during routine prenatal visits. However, few data are available about the effectiveness and implementation of effective prenatal education in these countries. This thesis aims to understand the impact of prenatal education programs in two contexts in Burkina Faso where maternal and neonatal risk are high. Written in the form of articles, the thesis addresses three specific objectives namely to: 1) examine the efficacy of prenatal education programs to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries, 2) assess the association between different organizational factors and women’s exposure to birth preparedness messages during routine antenatal care, and 3) determine the impact of receiving birth preparedness advice on the likelihood of institutional delivery. For the first objective, a meta-analysis of data from randomized trials was conducted. To achieve the two other objectives, data from a retrospective cohort study were used. This observational study, designed specifically for the thesis, was conducted in two districts (Dori and Koupela) in Burkina Faso. The meta-analysis showed that educational interventions are associated with a 24% reduction in neonatal mortality. This reduction reached 30% in areas with very high neonatal mortality. In routine situations, organizational factors may limit or facilitate the transmission of educational advice to women using prenatal care. In Burkina Faso, the data indicate significant disparities between the two districts in the study. Women from Koupela district were significantly more exposed to advice than those from Dori. Beyond this regional disparity, two other organizational factors were strongly associated with exposure of women to birth preparedness counselling during routine prenatal visits. The first factor was the availability of print materials and aids (e.g., posters, pictures…), used by health professionals as communication support to provide prenatal clients with advice. The second factor was a lower volume of daily consultations (i.e., less than 20 consultations versus 20 or more) which meant lower workload for staff. Finally, advice received by women concerning signs of obstetric complications and costs of care were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of institutional deliveries but only in the district of Dori where the initial rate of institutional deliveries was relatively low. In conclusion, prenatal education is beneficial for maternal and newborn health. However, implementation and effect heterogeneities exist across contexts. Others experimental and observational studies are required to strengthen the evidence and more thoroughly investigate success factors in order to support policies. Future experiments should focus on maternal outcomes (i.e., skilled birth attendance, postpartum care, and maternal mortality). Prospective cohort studies with large and representative samples would allow for examination of events and exposures to interventions during pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum.
D’Ostie-Racine, Léna. "Evaluation use within a humanitarian non-governmental organization’s health care user-fee exemption program in West Africa." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16044.
Full textEvaluation of humanitarian action (EHA) is increasingly deployed as a means to enhance accountability, transparency, and efficiency of humanitarian programs aimed at reducing health inequities and promoting global health. EHA has become a vital tool for program stakeholders, funding agencies, and policy-makers seeking to render practice and decision-making more evidence-based. However, considerable uncertainty remains about evaluation use (EU), as EHA is frequently conducted without being used. Moreover, conditions that influence EU vary across contexts and their applicability in humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) remains unclear. Program evaluators, stakeholders, and policy-makers in humanitarian contexts have little guidance to support long-term EU, given that few studies have documented EU and its conditions over time. The aim of the present qualitative thesis is to shed light on these issues by documenting EU and the conditions influencing it over a 29-month period within an evaluation strategy embedded into a humanitarian NGO’s health care user fee exemption program. To facilitate access to care, the exemption program subsidized the health service fees of mothers, children under five, and indigents in health districts of Niger and Burkina Faso—West African Sahel regions where food crises and poverty have engendered high rates of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. Initial evaluation of the exemption program in Niger led to development of the evaluation strategy subsequently integrated into the same program developed in 2008 in Burkina Faso. The thesis consists of three articles. The first presents an evaluability assessment (EA), a preliminary step undertaken to determine whether an EU evaluation was feasible. Results showed the evaluation strategy’s logic was coherent and plausible, data was accessible, and evaluation strategy stakeholders deemed an EU study to be useful. The second article documents how stakeholders engaged in EU and how it served them and advanced the NGO’s mission. Results showed that stakeholders used findings instrumentally, conceptually, and persuasively, but used evaluation processes only instrumentally and conceptually. The third article identifies the conditions stakeholders saw as influencing EU over time. Key influential conditions were users’ attitudes toward evaluation, stakeholders’ interactions and communications, and evaluators’ skill in producing and sharing evaluation-based knowledge tailored to users’ needs. This thesis furthers knowledge on EU in the humanitarian action context and provides practical recommendations for stakeholders of NGOs.
Zombré, David. "La gratuité des soins associée à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins est-elle efficace pour maintenir l’utilisation des services à long terme et améliorer la santé infantile au Burkina Faso ?" Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22580.
Full textIntroduction: Improving financial access to health care is believed to be essential for reducing the burden of child morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings, but the available evidence on the relationship between increased access and health remains scarce and the long-term issues are still unknown. In the specific context of the Sahel region in Burkina Faso where high levels of morbidity and malnutrition coincide with low health care use, a pilot intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was implemented in September 2008. Objectives: Using statistical and epidemiological approaches applied to cross-sectional and time series data, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of how the presence of intervention in communities can increase and maintain long-term use of health services and improve the health of children under five years. The specific objectives are: 1) to evaluate the long-term effects of the intervention on the use of health services in children under the age of five, 2) to estimate the contextual effect of intervention on the probability of occurrence of and the likelihood of health services being used by children under five, four years after the start of its implementation, and 3) to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on stunting in children under five, four years after the start of its implementation. Methods: The data for the analyses were provided from a variety of sources including the national health information system, a retrospective health services survey, and a household survey conducted four years after the intervention onset in 41 villages in the intervention district and 51 villages in the comparison district. We used a quasi-experimental controlled interrupted time-series design group to analyze the immediate and long-term effects of the intervention on the rate of health services utilization in children under five. Then, a quasi-experimental post-test-only design that included a control group allowed us to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on the probability of occurrence of a disease, on the probability of use of health services, and stunting in children under five. The analytic strategy combined the propensity score weighting method to balance the covariates between the two groups, two-level mixed-effects negative binomial, and linear and logistic regression models to account for the hierarchical structure of data. Results: The intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was associated with an increased and maintained use of health services beyond four years after the onset of intervention (incidence rate ratio = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.98–2.67). In addition, compared to children living in the comparison district, the probability of using health services was 17.2% higher among those living in the intervention district (95% CI = 15.0–26.6); and 20.7% higher when the illness episode was severe (95% CI = 9.9–31.5). These associations were significant regardless of the distance to health centers and the socio-economic status of households. In addition, inequalities in the use of care were less pronounced in the intervention villages compared to those in the control village. Finally, the results also showed that the residence context accounted for 9.36% of the variance in stunting (intra-class correlation = 9.36% ; 95% CI = 6.45–13.38), and only 2% of the variance in stunting was explained by the intervention. However, we could not demonstrate that the intervention in these communities was associated with a reduced probability of an illness occurring (AME=4.4 (95% CI: -1.0 – 9.8), nor with a significant improvement in the nutritional status among children under five (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.83–1.54). Conclusion: This thesis underlines the importance that affordable health care, including quality of care, as well as improving the management of malnutrition at the community level, are effective in increasing and maintaining the use of health services and reduce geographical inequalities in the use of care. However, this intervention was not associated with improved child health outcomes. Although rigorous longitudinal studies are necessary to fully understand the potential influence of this intervention on morbidity, this thesis highlights the need to simultaneously act on other social determinants of health and to synergistically integrate nutrition-specific interventions for greater impact on child health.