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Savadogo, Sommaila. "Du pays Mossi aux zônes d'aménagement des vallées du Burkina migration et mutation sociale au Burkina Fasso /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601066j.
Full textOuedraogo, Hermann. "Anémie chez les jeunes enfants: situation et stratégies de prévention en milieu rural du Burkina Fasso." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210436.
Full textLa prévalence (IC à 95%) de l’anémie était de 98,8% (97,6 ;99,9) parmi ces enfants, et la prévalence (IC à 95%) de l’anémie sévère de 29,5% (23,9 ;35,0). Parmi les enfants présentant une anémie, 65,1% avaient une anémie hypochrome.
Les enfants ne présentant pas de retard de croissance avaient un taux moyen (ES) d’hémoglobine plus élevé que les enfants présentant un retard de croissance :81,1 (2,6) contre 77,2 (2,8) g/L, (p=0,026). La prévalence (IC à 95%) du retard de croissance était de 35,8% (29,4 ;41,1). Le retard de croissance était associé aux pratiques d’alimentation de complément chez les enfants âgés de 12-23 mois. L’indice z-score de la taille pour l’âge était en moyenne (DS) de -1,33 (0,63), -1,61 (0,30), et -2,11 (0,32) chez les enfants pour lesquels étaient utilisées des céréales fortifiées, chez les enfants pour lesquels étaient utilisées des céréales non fortifiées, et chez les enfants qui ne recevaient pas d’aliments de complément, respectivement (p=0,018).
L’infection à Plasmodium falciparum était présente chez 52,6% des enfants, 25,6% étant non fébrile et 27,0% fébrile. En comparaison aux enfants non infectés, les enfants ayant une infection fébrile, mais aussi ceux ayant une infection non fébrile avaient un taux d’hémoglobine plus faible, les différences (ES) étant de 7,86 (1,75) g/L avec p<0,001 et de 3,52 (1,74) g/L avec p=0,044, respectivement.
Dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthases, la supplémentation en fer pendant 6 mois a conduit à une augmentation moyenne (DS) du taux d’hémoglobine de 16,3 (13,6) g/L (p<0,001), alors que cette augmentation a été de 22,8 (14,6) g/L (p<0,001) pour la supplémentation en micronutriments multiples, soit une différence (IC à 95%) de 6,5 (2,0 ;11,1) avec p=0,003. La supplémentation en fer conduisait à une réduction de la prévalence de l’anémie de 40,6%, alors que cette réduction était de 62,0% avec la supplémentation en micronutriments multiples, soit un ratio ajusté de prévalences de guérison [PRR (IC à 95%)] de 1,62 (1,22 ;2,15), p<0,001.
Une farine améliorée à été produite à partir d’ingrédients disponibles localement ;elle se composait de petit mil (51,7%), haricots (8,8%), arachide (7,8%), malt de sorgho rouge (9,0%), soumbala (9,3%), sucre (12,7%), et de sel iodé (0,8%). La bouillie améliorée préparée avec cette farine avec une consistance de 120 mm/30 s (distance d’écoulement dans un consistomètre de Bostwick) avait une densité énergétique de 103 kcal/100 g, une teneur en fer de 2,6 mg/100 kcal, et une teneur en zinc de 1,2 mg/100 kcal. La production de la farine et la préparation de la bouillie étaient reproductibles par les ménagères.
La consommation de bouillie à chaque session était en moyenne de 29 ou 28 g/kg de poids corporel/repas, correspondant à 108 ou 105% de la consommation souhaitée, alors que la présence au centre de nutrition ouvert dans le village n’était que de 68 ou 58%, dans le groupe consommant la bouillie sans supplément de micronutriments et le groupe consommant la bouillie avec un supplément de micronutriment multiples, respectivement.
Dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des geohelminthases la consommation de la bouillie améliorée sans supplément de micronutriments conduisait à une augmentation du taux d’hémoglobine de 14,8 (11,8) g/L (p<0,001), et la consommation de la bouillie améliorée avec des suppléments de micronutriments multiples entraînait une augmentation de 17,3 (15,8) g/L (p<0,001), soit une différence (IC à 95%) de 3,5 (-1,0 ;8,1) g/L (p=0,13). La prévalence de l’anémie en fin d’intervention était de 67,9% et de 55,6% dans les groupes BA et BAM, respectivement (p=0,13)
Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de mesures permettant de réduire rapidement la prévalence de l’anémie chez les enfants âgés de 6-23 mois de ce district. La stratégie de supplémentation en micronutriments multiples combinée à la prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthiases est la stratégie à préférer.
La supplémentation en micronutriments multiples pourrait être relayée progressivement par la stratégie basée sur une alimentation de complément améliorée au niveau des ménages, toujours dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthases. Intégrés dans la routine des ménages et soutenus par une formation et une éducation nutritionnelles, les procédés de production de farine puis de bouillie améliorée devraient avoir une plus grande portée sur la prévention de l’anémie à moyen et long termes.
Anaemia is a widespread public health problem with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. Pregnant women and young children are the most affected. This work aimed at 1) analysing the anaemia situation among children aged 6-23 months of the rural district of Kongoussi (Burkina Faso), and 2) assessing the efficacy of integrated strategies. Two cross-sectional and two randomised, population-based studies were conducted over the January 2004-June 2006 period.
The prevalence (95% CI) of anaemia was 98.8% (97.6 ;99.9); that of severe anaemia was 29.5 (23.9 ;35.0). Hypochromia was retrieved in 65.1% of anaemic children.
Mean (SE) haemoglobin concentration was higher in non-stunted children [81.1 (2.6) g/L] than in their stunted counterparts [77.2 (2.8) g/L], p=0.026. The prevalence (95% CI) of stunting was 35.8% (29.4 ;41.1). After adjustment for children, mothers and household characteristics, and for current and past breastfeeding patterns, the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) remained associated with the mode of complementary feeding among children aged 12-23 months. The adjusted mean HAZ (SE) was –1.33 (0.63), -1.61 (0.30), and –2.11 (0.32) among children consuming fortified cereals, unfortified cereals, or no complementary food, respectively (p=0.018)
Plasmodium falciparum infection was noted in 52.6% of children with 25.6% being afebrile and 27.0% being febrile. Compared to uninfected children, children with febrile infection and those with afebrile infection had lower haemoglobin concentration, the differences (ES) being 7.86 (1.75) g/L (p<0.001) and 3.52 (1.74) g/L (p=0.044), respectively.
Combined with malaria and geohelminths preventive and curative care, daily iron supplementation for 6 months led to a mean increase (SD) of haemoglobin concentration of 16.3 (13.6) g/L (p<0.001), whereas the increase was 22.8 (14.6) g/L (p<0.001) with daily multiple micronutrients supplementation. The difference (95% CI) of haemoglobin concentration at the end of intervention was of 6.5 (2.0 ;11.1), p=0.003. Iron supplementation reduced the prevalence of anaemia by 40.6%, while the reduction was of 62.0% with the multiple micronutrients supplementation. The prevalence rate ratio [PRR (95% CI)] of children who were cured from anaemia at the end of intervention was 1.62 (1.22 ;2.15), p<0.001.
A new, local-ingredient-based flour was developed to prepare an improved mush for children. It was composed of pearl millet (51.7%), beans (8.8%), peanuts (7.8%), malted red sorghum (9.0%), soumbala (9.3%), sugar (12.7%) and iodized salt (0.8%). When this improved mush was prepared with a consistency of 120 mm/30 s (Bostwick flow distance), its volumetric mass, energy density, iron content and zinc content are 103 g/100 ml, 103 kcal/100 g, 2.6 mg/100 kcal, and 1.2 mg/100 kcal respectively. The flour production and mush preparation were reproducible by rural housewives.
The average mush consumption was 29 and 28 g/kg body weight/meal, corresponding to 108 and 105% of the desired consumption, whereas the child’s presence at the nutrition centre that was opened in his village was 68 and 58%, in the group consuming the mush without micronutrient supplement (MG) and that consuming the mush with a multiple micronutrients supplement (MMG). Mean (SD) haemoglobin concentration increased of [14.8 (11.8) g/L, p<0.001] in the MG and [17.3 (15.8) g/L, p<0.001] in the MMG. The between group difference (95% CI) of 3.5 (-1.0 ;8.1) g/L in mean (SD) endpoint haemoglobin concentration was not significant (p=0.13). The prevalence of anemia at the end of intervention was 67.9% and 55.6% in the MG and MMG, respectively (p=0.13)
These results underline the need of urgent actions to rapidly reduce the prevalence of anemia. The multiple micronutrients supplementation combined with malaria and geohelminths preventive and curative care is the strategy to prefer. However, this strategy could be progressively replaced by that including complementary feeding improvement. To increase the mush consumption and better meet the needs of young children, flour and mush production must enter the routines of individual households. If this integration is to succeed, it should be supported by a large-scale program of training and nutrition education.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dembelé, Sary Mathurin. "Programmes nationaux de lutte contre la tuberculose: partir des propositions des acteurs pour améliorer les résultats du Programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210411.
Full textHypothèse
Le présent travail repose sur l’hypothèse qu’une organisation de la lutte contre la tuberculose prenant en compte les préoccupations et les propositions des acteurs (tuberculeux, membres de leurs familles, professionnels de santé, guérisseurs traditionnels, et membres des comité de gestion des services de santé) peut contribuer à améliorer les résultats du programme National Tuberculose (Détection des cas ;Taux de succès au traitement) et (Meilleure adhésion des professionnels de santé, des patients et de leur proches aux stratégies de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux).
Éléments de méthodologie
Figure 1 :Schématisation de notre travail
Les travaux ont été réalisés au Burkina Faso. La pauvreté et les conditions de vies difficiles (logement, nutrition, climat chaux et sec) favorisent l’installation de la tuberculose.
Dans le cadre de l’analyse de base de la lutte antituberculeuse avant l’intervention nous avons réalisé deux études:
• Une enquête rétrospective dans six districts sur la période du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2001. Cette étude visait à identifier les difficultés du système de santé à diagnostiquer et mettre sous traitement les malades atteints de tuberculose.
• Une étude rétrospective de cohortes. Elle a couvert la période 1995- 2003. Cette étude a porté sur le suivi du traitement des tuberculeux pendant 9 ans de mise en œuvre du Programme National de lutte contre la Tuberculose au Burkina Faso.
Dans le cadre de notre intervention nous avons réalisé quatre études :
• Une étude qualitative :vingt-huit groupes focalisés et 68 entrevues approfondies avec (des patients tuberculeux, des représentants de la communauté, des membres du comité de gestion du centre de santé, des guérisseurs traditionnels et des professionnels de la santé) pour savoir leurs perceptions de la stratégie de prise en charge des cas de tuberculose appliquée par le Programme National de lutte contre la Tuberculose.
• Trois études descriptives à visée analytique en vue d’évaluer les résultats de deux ans d’intervention (Les résultats de la décentralisation de la prise en charge des tuberculeux de l’hôpital de district vers le centre de santé périphérique. Les effets de l’intervention sur les étapes de la détection des cas de tuberculose. Et la contribution des guérisseurs traditionnels au contrôle de la tuberculose au Burkina Faso).
• Nous avons fait une analyse de situation deux ans après la fin de l’intervention pour voir ce qu’il reste du processus et des résultats dans les districts d’intervention et aussi ce qui se passait dans les districts témoins.
Principaux résultats de ces études :
Avant intervention
• La première étude dans le cadre de l’analyse de base de la lutte antituberculeuse au Burkina Faso a montré que le niveau de dépistage des cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive est faible, du fait de la déperdition des cas dans chacune des étapes qui conduisent au diagnostic de la tuberculose. Le dépistage est dépendant de l’efficacité opérationnelle des personnels des services de santé, ainsi que du recourt au CDT (centre de diagnostic et de traitement de la tuberculose) par les patients suspects référés.
• La deuxième étude a analysé neuf ans de suivi des tuberculeux par le programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose et a trouvé que le taux de négativation des examens de crachats de contrôle du deuxième mois de traitement a baissé de façon régulière depuis 1997. Cela pourrait être du à certaines caractéristiques des patients telles que des affections associées ou surtout à un traitement incorrect (irrégularité dans la prise des médicaments, doses insuffisantes, apparition de résistances ?)
Les résultats de l’intervention
• L’intervention a commencé par l’étude de l’accessibilité et de l’adhésion au traitement de la tuberculose. Elle révèle que les patients tuberculeux expérimentent trois groupes interdépendants de difficultés pour terminer avec succès leur traitement (difficultés pour arriver au centre de santé, difficultés pour aller régulièrement au centre de traitement, difficultés à l’intérieur du centre de santé). Ces difficultés sont compliquées par des facteurs d’accessibilité géographique, de pauvreté et de genre.
La mise en œuvre pendant deux ans du paquet d’activités défini de façon consensuel par les acteurs (Patients tuberculeux, professionnels de santé, guérisseurs traditionnels, membres de la communauté) a apporté plusieurs résultats :
• Pendant les premiers ateliers qui réunissaient les représentants des malades, des professionnels de santé et des guérisseurs traditionnels, les échanges étaient quasiment impossibles. Les malades ne voulaient pas s’exprimer devant les professionnels de santé, les guérisseurs traditionnels se méfiaient des professionnels de santé et ceux-ci monopolisaient la parole comme s'ils étaient les détenteurs de tout le savoir. A partir du quatrième atelier, les échanges sont devenus vraiment interactifs et chaque type de participant disait vraiment ce qu’il pensait et abordait tous les sujets de la réunion sans se faire d’auto censure).
• L’identification des tousseurs et des tousseurs chroniques parmi les patients adultes de la consultation générale s’est améliorée (respectivement de 10,6% à 14% et de 1,1% à 1,8%). La référence des patients suspects de tuberculose vers le laboratoire pour les examens de crachats s’est aussi améliorée (de 66% à 78,3%). Cependant notre étude a mis en exergue un problème important et à résoudre qui est la faible accessibilité du laboratoire pour les patients suspects de tuberculose).
• En milieu rural plus de 46% des patients suspects ont opté pour la collecte de crachats sur place plutôt que de se rendre au laboratoire de l’hôpital pour les examens de crachats. La détection des cas de tuberculose a augmenté de (14 cas pour 100.000 habitants à 15) dans les districts témoins contre une augmentation de (14 cas pour 100.000 habitants à 26) pour les districts d’intervention. Nous n’avons pas noté de différence significative entre les taux de succès de traitement en comparant les districts d’intervention avec les districts témoins.
• Les associations des guérisseurs traditionnels ont identifié 248 patients suspects de tuberculose dont 44 (17,74%) ont été confirmés positifs. Ils ont ramené 87 malades absents au traitement. Justifiant ainsi de l’utilité de leur implication).
Nous avons fait une sortie de collecte de données et d’analyse de la situation dans les districts sites d’intervention en août 2008, soit plus de deux ans après la fin de l’intervention pour savoir ce qu’il en restait :
• La décentralisation de la prise en charge des cas de tuberculose de l’hôpital de district vers les centres de santé périphériques est reprise dans les plans d’action des districts concernés.
• Nous avons constaté que les outils de gestions des cas (fiche et carte de traitement du CSPS du tuberculeux, bulletin d’examen de crachats, fiche de rapport d’activités tuberculose du CSPS, registre transitoire de la tuberculose du CSPS) sont toujours là et utilisés par les professionnels de santé.
• Les associations d’anciens malades sont encore là. Elles tiennent leurs réunions périodiques même si elles sont irrégulières.
• Les associations de guérisseurs traditionnels mènent encore des activités de référence de patients suspects de tuberculose aux centres de santé dans le district de Gorom.
• La supervision croisée ne se fait plus entre les trois districts d’intervention. Elle a été jugée difficile à organiser par insuffisance de ressources humaines et matérielles selon les médecins chefs de district.
• Au Burkina Faso les directions régionales de la santé et les districts ont une certaine autonomie pour le choix des activités à inclure dans les plans d’action annuels. Dès 2006 les districts témoins ont planifié les activités suivantes (décentralisation de la collecte des crachats et du traitement des tuberculeux, implication des associations à base communautaire, utilisation des outils de gestion de la tuberculose dans les centres de santé périphériques. Ils ont aussi utilisé le module de formations des professionnels de santé de l’intervention dès 2006). La détection des cas de tuberculose était de 26 cas pour 100.000 habitants dans les districts sites de l’intervention contre 15 cas pour 100.000 habitants pour les témoins en fin de l’intervention. Deux ans environ après l’intervention, la détection est devenue 24,5 cas pour 100.000 habitants dans les districts d’intervention contre 23,9 cas pour 100.000 habitants dans les districts témoins pour une moyenne nationale de 20,5 cas. Le taux de succès au traitement était de 75% dans les districts témoins et de 74,3% dans les districts d’intervention pour une moyenne nationale de 72,8%.
Conclusion générale
Pour finir on peut dire que les éléments du paquet d’activités qui sont restés deux ans après la fin de l’intervention méritent d’être repris, organisés et intégrés dans la démarche de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux dans le Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose.
Ce qui a manqué le plus, deux ans après l’intervention c’est la supervision des acteurs par une équipe de santé technique compétente et à effectif suffisant.
La tuberculose est une maladie et la prise en charge des cas est une activité d’abord médicale. Les activités peuvent être renforcées et les résultats améliorés par une collaboration de divers acteurs autour de l’équipe de santé. Le registre de la tuberculose du centre de santé qui se situe à l’hôpital de district doit rester la pièce principale du processus de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux. C’est dans ce registre que toutes les données de tous les tuberculeux pris en charge dans le district doivent figurer. L’équipe médicale responsable de ce registre est responsable du devenir de tous les patients tuberculeux dans le district. La décentralisation de la prise en charge des cas de l’hôpital de district vers le centre de santé périphérique implique des devoirs de l’équipe médicale du CDT à l’endroit des prestataires de soins des CSPS. A ce titre l’équipe médicale du CDT doit superviser et aider les CSPS dans une mise en œuvre efficace des taches qui leurs sont confiées.
Les membres organisés de la communauté peuvent apporter beaucoup dans l’information de la population sur la tuberculose, à condition que les contenus des messages soient élaborés sur une base d’informations techniques médicales vraies. La visite à domicile et l’accompagnement des malades graves par les associations seront utiles quand ils seront faits dans une synergie et une complémentarité de l’équipe médicale responsable du registre de la tuberculose. L’identification de plus de patients suspects de tuberculose et leur orientation vers les centres de santé par les associations n’aura de résultats que quand il existera un dispositif efficace de réponse dans le centre de santé ( laboratoires équipés animés par des techniciens de laboratoires motivés, compétents, en nombre suffisant et régulièrement supervisés par des superviseurs eux même compétents) ;(prestataires de soins formés à l’écoute des patients, motivés et supervisés régulièrement par des superviseurs compétents).
Notre étude nous enseigne qu’il est utile de prendre le temps nécessaire d’avoir les propositions des acteurs pour élaborer des stratégies qui rencontreront le plus possible leur adhésion. Notre étude nous enseigne aussi que plus il y a d’acteurs plus nous devons mettre en place des efforts de suivi, de supervision et d’accompagnement.
Le renforcement du système de santé (agents de santé compétents, motivés, équipés, supervisés et en nombre suffisant) est nécessaire pour la pérennisation de toute initiative et résultats de santé.
Since January in 2001, I am the National Tuberculosis Programme Manager in Burkina Faso. I thought it would be helpful to analyze TB cases detection and the outcomes of their treatment after a few years of tuberculosis control. Because of low results and looking how to improve them we made a research with the following hypothesis.
Hypothesis
This research is based on the hypothesis that organizing tuberculosis control buy taking into consideration the concerns and the propositions of the stakeholders (TB patients, members of their family, health workers, traditional healers, and members of the health centre Management committee) we can contribute to improving the results of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (TB cases detection, treatment success) and (good adherence of health workers ,TB patients and their relatives to the strategies of health care to tuberculosis patients).
Figure 1 :Our work plan
The research was conducted in Burkina Faso. Poverty and difficult living conditions (accommodation, nutrition, hot and dry climate) are favorable for the spread of tuberculosis
As part of the basic analysis of tuberculosis control before the intervention, we carried out two researches:
• A retrospective research in six districts between 1st January and 31st December 2001. This research was aimed at analyzing the health system capacity to diagnose and to put patients infected with tuberculosis on treatment.
• A retrospective study of groups. It covered the period 1995- 2003. This study bordered on monitoring the treatment during the 9 years of implementation of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Burkina Faso.
As part of our intervention we carried out four studies:
• A qualitative study :twenty eight focused groups and 68 detailed discussions sessions with (tuberculosis patients, representatives of the community, members of the Health Centre Management Committee, traditional healers and health professionals) to sample their views on the tuberculosis treatment strategy applied by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme.
• Three analytic and descriptive studies, to evaluate the results of the two years of intervention. (Results of decentralisation of tuberculosis care, from district hospital to peripheral health centre’s. The effects of the intervention on the stages of detection of tuberculosis cases. And the contribution of traditional healers to tuberculosis control in Burkina Faso).
• We also looked for what was remaining from the process and the results of the intervention two years after the end of the intervention in the intervention district and what was happing in the witness districts.
Principal results of these studies
Before intervention
• The first study into the basic analysis of tuberculosis control in Burkina Faso showed that there is a low rate of positive microscopic pulmonary tuberculosis, because of losses in cases in each of the stages leading to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Cases detection is dependent on the operational efficiency of health services staff, as well as the using of the CDT (Tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment centre’s) by the suspected tuberculosis patients.
• The second study before intervention which analyzed nine years of tuberculosis control by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme, discovered that the rate of negativation at the 2 month follow- up sputum examination has fallen steadily since 1997. This could be due to certain characteristics of patients due to an incorrect treatment (irregularity in taking medicines, insufficient dosages, and appearance of resistance?).
Results of the Intervention
• The intervention began with a study of accessibility and adherence to treatment of tuberculosis. It reveals that Tuberculosis patients experiment with three interdependent groups of difficulties for a successful treatment (difficulty in arriving at health centre’s, difficulties in regularly visiting treatment centre’s, difficulties within the health centre). These difficulties are further compounded by geographical accessibility factors, poverty and gender.
The two years of implementation of the packet of activities collectively defined by stakeholders (Tuberculosis patients, health services providers, and community members) has yield a lot of results:
• During the earlier workshops which brought together representatives of the patients, health services providers and traditional healers, deliberations were almost impossible. Patients did not want to talk in front of health service providers, traditional healer’s mistrusted health services providers and the latter monopolised all discussions, as if they were the only repository of all knowledge. From the fourth workshop however, discussions became really interactive and each type of participant expressed his thought and tackled all topics at the meeting without any ill-feeling.
• Identification of coughers and chronic coughers among adult patients of general consultation improved (respectively from 10.6% to 14% and from 1.1% to 1.8%). Reference of suspected tuberculosis patients to laboratories for sputum smear examination also improved (from 66% to 78.3%). However, our study highlighted an important problem which needs immediate solution. This problem is the low utilization of laboratories by suspected tuberculosis patients.
• In the rural areas more than 46% of suspected patients opted for the collection of sputum samples on the spot instead of going to the hospital laboratory for the sputum smear examination. Detection of tuberculosis cases increased from (14 cases per 100 000 inhabitants to 15) in pilot districts and it increase from (14 cases per 100 000 inhabitants to 26) in intervention districts. There was no significant difference between the two successful treatment rates, when we compared the intervention districts with the pilot districts.
• Traditional healers associations identified 248 suspected tuberculosis patients, out of whom 44 (17. 74%) were confirmed positive. They brought 87 absentee patients for treatment, thereby justifying the usefulness of their involvement.
We made the analysis of the situation in the intervention districts in august 2008, two years after the end of the intervention in order to know what was remaining:
• The decentralization of taking care of TB cases from the district hospital to the peripheral health center was written in the concerned districts year planning.
• We have noticed that the tools of cases management (CSPS therapy form and card of the TB patients, expectorations exams bulletin, CSPS TB activities report form, transitory register of the CSPS TB) are still there and used by the health care providers of this level.
• Associations of TB patients still exist. They hold their periodic meeting even if it is not regular.
• Associations of traditional healers are still holding activities to send patients suspected of TB to health center in the district of Gorom.
• Crossed supervision is not more done between the three districts of intervention. It has been judged difficult to organize because of insufficient human resources and material according to the chief’s doctors of the district.
• At the end of the intervention detection of TB cases was of 26 cases for 100 000 inhabitants in the districts of intervention against 15 cases for 100 000 inhabitants for the witnesses. Almost two years after the intervention the detection became 24, 5 cases for 100 000 inhabitants in the intervention district against 23, 9 case for 100 000 inhabitants in the witness districts. The significant difference that was existing between witnesses and intervention districts disappeared two years after the intervention.
General conclusion
As conclusion we can say that elements of activities that remained two years after the end of intervention are good to be taken, organized and integrated in the National Tuberculosis Program approach of taking care of TB Patients.
What lacked the most, two years after the intervention is the supervision of the stakeholders’ by a competent health technical team.
TB is a disease and taking care of the cases is first a medical activity. Activities can be reinforced and the results improved by a collaboration of various stakeholders around the health team. TB register of the health center that is located at the district hospital must remain the key piece of the TB patients managing process. It is in this register that all the data of all the TB patients cared in the district must be. The medical team responsible of this register is responsible of the becoming of all the TB patients in the district. The decentralization of taking care of TB cases from the district hospital to the peripheral health centers implies duties of the CDT medical team towards CSPS’ health care providers. Because of that the CDT medical team must monitor and help CSPS in the efficient implementation of the tasks assigned to them.
Members of organized community can bring a lot in the information of the population on TB, at the condition that the contents of messages are elaborated on a base of true technical medical information. Home visit and support to the patient seriously sick by the association will be useful when they will be done in a synergy and complementarily of the medical team responsible for the TB register. Identification of more patients suspected of TB and their orientation to health centers by the associations will only have results when there will be an efficient response in the health system (equipped laboratories animated by motivated, competent, and regularly monitored laboratories technicians by monitors who are also competent); (health care providers trained to listen to the patients, motivated and regularly monitored by competent monitors).
Our study teaches us how useful it is to take necessary time to have stakeholders’ proposals in order to elaborate strategies that will meet the most their adhesion. Our study teaches us also that the more there are players the more we must put in place follow up, monitoring and support efforts,
The building of a strong health system (competent, motivated, equipped, monitored health staffs) is necessary for the durability of all health initiative and results.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guingané, Jean-Pierre. "Théâtre et développement culturel en Afrique : le cas du Burkina Faso." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30009.
Full textMost of the projects carried out by african countries in the field of economics, politics and culture, since independence, are ended in failure with, as a consequence, a situation of a generalized social crisis engendering misery and suffering far the populations. The question here then, is to show, from the example of burkina faso, the place and the role of theatre in the implemented policies. The study of the social, economic and political conditions, as well as that of the development policy conceived from critera unknown to the social and physical environments, allows us to conclude that the maladjustment of that conception of development to the local realities constitutes the main cause of "under-developement", because it doses not adequately associate the populations to the realization of the projects and does not take into consideration their actual needs. The theatre appears as a means of social communication capable of helping the populations to be more aware politically and of aiding the social integration. For that reason, the theatre, more than the other arts, is a means of development. If one does not limit development to the production and accumulation of material goods as it is the case now, it is possible to envisage a policy, different from that which exists based on local realities and access to the world outside. The results of such policy would be less spectacular but more relevant to the advancement of the populations
Sory, Issa. ""Ouaga la belle !" gestion des déchets solides à Ouagadougou : enjeux politiques, jeux d'acteurs et inégalités environnementales." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010523.
Full textBiehler, Alexandra. "Enjeux et modes de constitution des espaces publics à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010513.
Full textFriderich, Marie Lorraine Aubrège Alain. "La relation soignant-soigné au Burkina Faso en 2008 Comment les professionnels et les patients la perçoivent-elles ? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2009_FRIDERICH_MARIE_LORRAINE.pdf.
Full textRevault, Pascal. "Serpents, savoirs et santé chez les Mossi : prise en charge des envenimations par Echis ocellatus en Afrique soudano-sahélienne à travers l'exemple du plateau ouagalais." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA130034.
Full textSawadogo, Ram Christophe. "Bâani : étude d'une collectivité intervillageoise des marches septentrionales du pays moogli au Burkina." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H047.
Full textYaogo, Maurice. "Pratiques de soins et faits de développement : le cas des itinéraires thérapeutiques dans la région de Bagré (Burkina Faso)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0131.
Full textSévédé-Bardem, Isabelle. "Précarités juvéniles et individualisme à Ouadougou : étude des pratiques et des représentations des jeunes adultes en situation de précarité." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010503.
Full textIndividialization processes are inderscored through the study of pratices and representations of ouagadougou young adults in precariouss situation. These processes appear to be one of the basic elements of african urban modernity. Tho social fields are favoured : realations between sexes and smartness professional intinenaries
Sanon, Yacouba. "Politiques publiques et développement de l'élevage au Burkina Faso : politique de sédentarisation et évolution de l'organisation sociale et productive des fulbè burkinabè." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100083.
Full textOuedraogo, Boureima. "Productivité des forages sur socle cristallin et cristallophyllien en région sub-sahélienne : exemple du bassin versant de la Bomboré (Burkina Faso)." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1013.
Full textGuillaud, Dominique. "L'espace d'une chefferie : contribution et gestion d'un territoire sahélien : le pays d'Aribinda Burkina-Faso." Paris 10, 1989. http://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/14921.
Full textThe present inhabitants of aribinda who, in the 18th century, settled in this small sahelian "no man's land", were refugees from different origins (songhay, kurumba and mossi). Because of the insecurity, they remained within the limits of a small area protected by large granit hills until the end of the 19th century. They established there a community, and laid the foundation of a system of land sharing, thus conditioning the future occupancy of the region. At first the social political groups were allotted territorial sectors within the limits of the village of aribinda itself. These sectors were progressively extended to the entire land. This thesis deals with their system of land rights, as well as with the development of their agricultural and pastoral activities. Nowadays, there is a danger of reaching a saturation point due to an important increase in population and their acquiring of extensive agrarian skills. There are, however, in the past history of the people of aribinda, reasons to hope for a solution of these problems
Mietton, Michel. "Dynamique de l'interface lithosphère-atmosphère au Burkina Faso : contribution géomorphologique à l'étude de l'érosion en zone tropicale de savane." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE19005.
Full textBook i deals with weathering agents. The climatic extremes are statistically analysed with long data series and studed in relation to their agressivity and frequency, whether it be maximum rainfall (daily annual, daily at the beginning of the rainy season or rainy periods of 2 to 30 consecutive days), strong winds, thermal amplitude in rock and soil, or variations in soil moisture. The passive factors, that is the plant and pedological covers, influenced by climate and especially by the presence of man are illustrated in their spatio-temporal variability, mainly at the experiment sites. Detailed maps (1 10. 000) have been drawn up to show vegetation cover, geosystems and the constraints of the imiga catchment. Book ii deals with the measurements, the processes and the forms of erosion on different spatial scales. A summary of the measurements of runoff and erosion made on the experimental plots at the eight stations is presented. The results obtained at po are examined in detail (water balance, multiple linear regression). The hydrological observations made over four years (1982-1985) at imiga, on small catchments, provide the first information on the erosion at this scale. The results are then compared to the silting of dams and solid loads. The importance of gullying is emphasized, as is the non-continuous nature in space of erosion. The study concludes with an attempt to summarise the fight against erosion at burkina faso over the last 20 years
Langewiesche, Katrin. "Mobilité religieuse : changements religieux au Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES2023.
Full textMbairodbbee, Njegollimi. "L'école et la production au Burkina Faso." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H118.
Full textBeing introduces and managed in the good and serious conditions of the preparation, the planning, the administration and the liability for pupils (who are the most concerned) the practice of the productive actions at school is one of certain means to increase the intellectual attainments in by the pupils. This sure means favors playing back of school profits and promotes school's integration and the adaptation of its products (the pupils in their last term) to the environment. The conditions of success are deep changes in the social structures and the general call (mobilization) of the society on the ordinated pulse of state
Miningou, Mariette. "Genèse des indices polymétallifères des formations néoprotérozoïques (1000 – 543 Ma) dans la région du Béli (Nord du Burkina Faso) : contrôle structural, nature des fluides, rôle de la silice." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30068.
Full textAs in Taoudeni and Volta basins sedimentary formations, whose in the Beli region include a triad (tillite-limestone-chert) and a molassic formation. These stratigraphic markers have permitted the vertical subdivision of these western african basins sedimentary set in three supergroups. The triad overlay quartzitic sandstone and is overlaid with shale and dolomite. As in the carbonated formations, some rocks of the cherty complex contain stromatolites, as well as micro-organisms. In the Beli region all four pan-african orogeny tectonic episods are recognized except the second one. Their features permit to distinguish two structural units. The structural unit of the North-Beli (allochthonous), characterized by a ductile type distortion and an anchimetamorphism, is carried along the structural unit of the South-Beli (para-autochthonous). This one is marked by a dominant brittle distortion, it is non metamorphic and overlaps the birimian basement. The network of fractures in the Beli region favored fluids circulation of varied temperatures and various origins (meteoric, marine, brackish, epithermal). These fluids are responsible of the abundant silica expressions presence, that put in place in at least two phases. The hydrothermal fluids, by leaching of cherty and slaty formations, and probably of birimian basement, led to many metals deposit, preferentially as sulphides, in cherty brecciated zones. These include essential of the ferruginous outcrops of which most have been recognized as being gossans
Cuomo, Anna. "La fabrique d'un rap africain : création, engagement et cosmopolitisme à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH103.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the world of rap in Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina Faso. It examines the conditions of access to recognition for Burkinabe rappers engaged in a professional career, both locally and internationally. Drawing on two years of multi-sited ethnography centred on the practices and “ways of doing”, promoting, performing, and disseminating rap, I show how these artists choose to “manufacture” an authentic and exportable African rap from a consciousness permanently connected to a global world, both lived and/or imagined. Living in a country where the music industry is underdeveloped, Burkinabe rappers have recourse to various sources of funding (Ministry of Culture, European Institutions, NGOs, local private support) that condition the creative processes. Authenticity is a relational notion, shaped by power relations: on the one hand, rappers become recognized locally for their ability to appropriate a globalized modernity, and on the other, they gain international recognition through their propensity to embody the “Burkinabe nation”, understood as an imagined community. This thesis ultimately develops a reflection on the category of “engaged artist”; I analyse the processes of political subjectivation among Burkinabe rappers, often considered to be spokespersons for the “conscious” and rebellious youth of the continent. They inscribe their endeavour within a moral space built by the Burkinabe postcolonial state, seeking visibility abroad in order to exist individually in the world, while gaining the status of representatives of a nation
Bamas, Stanislas Marie Maximilien. "Deux roues et transports collectifs à Ouagadougou : à la recherche d'une articulation." Bordeaux 3, 1995. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1995BOR30026.
Full textThe transportion system in ouagadougou shows various specificities which make it different from what exists in other african capitals : walking represents a very small part of it, bikes and motorbikes are a majority, and the collective transportation knows a crisis. The fact that bikes and motorbikes were generalized, as they became more and more socially valuable while their number grew, induced a rather important rate of equipment in personnal transportation means within families, which allows a high global mobility, probably the highest mobility that can be noted in the whole of subsaharan africa. Nevertheless, this mobility shows differenciations according to socio-demographic (gender, age, matrimonial status) and socio-economic (studies level, socio-professionnel status, income level) factors. It is also affected with the spatial characterisation of the city through the fact that the since of the town favours the choices of users for cycles, and adversely the means of transportation are differently space-consuming, and favour specific types of urbanization. Granted to their easy use, the cycles are present as well in plotted housing zones as in non-organized ones, on the asphalted road as well as on those which are not. While this phenomenon made easier the crossing of the urban space, this mode of transportation has allowed a short of generalized accessibility to urban functions, and favoured (in a synergy with the land ownership practices). .
Saint-Lary-Maïga, Maud. "Les chefs peuls du Yatenga à l'épreuve du changement (Burkina Faso)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0176.
Full textIn the Yatenga kingdom, Fulbe people established as of the XVIIIth century, and submitted to the moose authorities. The colonial period brought them an important chage because five groupes became "canton" and their chiefs were allotted a power they could never have hoped. This thesis aims to understand first the place of fulbe chiefdoms in the sight of their history and transformations, but also how today they deal with the management of goods and services considered as collective. We can see through the comparison of two chiefdoms that chiefs know how to achieve their projects. They have adopted the same strategy : they rely on the past to legitimate their position in the society. However, their approach is different : one relies on Islam, the other one on development projects
Sanou, Lassina. "Les sanctuaires boisés de savanes de Bondoukuy (pays Bwa, Burkina Faso) : biodiversité végétale et capacité de régénération." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0002.
Full textGiven the erosion of biodiversity and the extinction of plant species, wooded shrines are often portrayed in the literature as high places of plant conservation and as relics of pristine vegetation. But do the related beliefs really include specific ideas of prudence, respect or nature conservation? To verify this statement and to answer this question, wooded shrines of Bondoukuy Department of (1100 km ²) in the savannas of western Burkina Faso have been object of a census as comprehensive as possible. They were identified and their ritual leaders were asked about their role. Their spatial distribution was recorded and integrated into GIS. For botanical and ecological surveys, sampling was based on three major physiographic units and surveys on 1600 m², considered the minimum area for phytosociological survey, groves of smaller surface having been fully inventoried. The shrines were compared with their immediate surroundings (whatever their appearance), as well as with randomly selected control sites in the same physiographic units as shrines. Floristic groups were identified through hierarchical clustering (Ward's method), and their differential and diagnostic species were identified using the index INDVAL. Alpha and gamma diversity of ligneous and regeneration of each group were studied. A total of 219 shrines, including 191 with a tree cover (162 groves and 29 sites with only some trees), has been listed. The majority of sacred groves (80% of cases) are located in villages and or within 500 m around them and their surface is less than 1 ha. These shrines show the identity of Bwaba; they allow social cohesion around various cults, good harvests, procreation, rain in drought, health, general protection of villages, success, the fight against adultery etc. . In addition, some of them were used to protect against enemies in the past because the Bwaba have a warrior past. Nine shrines floristic groups, and of 7 control sites groups were isolated. A set of four groups of glaze is characterized by Guiera senegalensis and Azadirachta indica, another two groups of lower slope is characterized and dominated by Anogeissus leiocarpa and Diospyros mespiliformis, the latter being clearly akin to the Sudanian dry forests. Some shrines are invaded by the exotic species Azadirachta indica that defines by itself two groups. One of the groups, characterized by Detarium microcarpum and Burkea africana has a savanna affinity; others rather have a forest affinity. The shrines are floristically related to their immediate surroundings but they better keep their ligneous flora as these ones because they are protected against fire and logging. Shrines located in the most humid environments contain some "endangered" and "near-threatened" species according to IUCN (1. 1% vs. 2. 1%). These shrines of the wettest environments, however, appear floristically close to the control forest sites that are the most man-modified. Diversity a of shrines is lower than that of the savannah controls, but their overall wealth and diversity g is equal to or higher than that of forest shrines. The invasion of Azadirachta indica has a very negative effect on species richness. Thea richness is all the more high than the area of the sanctuary is great. Regarding regeneration, seventeen woody species contribute significantly to the maintenance of stands of shrines. However, their generation is very low in shrines invaded by Azadirachta indica. We show that these shrines are mostly very close to the villages, that they are small, located in highly fragmented and man-modified places, and that some of them are invaded by A. Indica, which is not in accordance with the generally accepted idea of a preservative effect important in terms of richness of biodiversity. , However, in the current context of environmental degradation, as gallery forests are now disappearing into the study area whereas wooded shrines retain a seed potential that could be used in reforestation activities in Burkina Faso
Ouattara, Nobéré. "L’évolution des activités agricoles dans les zones ouest du Burkina faso : la confrontation des espaces ruraux avec des sollicitations nationales concurrentes : l'exemple des hauts-bassins." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN1043.
Full textMagnini, Seindira. "Culture commerciale du coton et changement social dans les communautes villageoises bwa du burkina faso etude dans le departement de bereba." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20100.
Full textAs it takes place in the context of bwa village communities of burkina faso who practise self-subsistence and self-sufficiency, the dynamic of social change reveals is importance when put in the context of commercial cultivation of cotton. The starting hypothesis is that cotton acts in traditional structures as a new dynamic, the effects of which partakes of the agricultural production as well as of the consumption, the social relationships and the whole social structures. In order to detect the changes occurring in these communities, it seemed necessary for us to redefine the image of the society as reconstructed by ethnologists, ands as the tradition presents us today. On the basis of these recallings, the analysis of the effects of cotton growing appeared as an overall view of the effects of introducing business relationships into the traditional structures and into the community relations. These effects are the individualization of production units, the weakening of social changes and community relationships. Cotton is also an element which opens the communities on to the external world. Through this, peasants henceforth take to public policies which attempt to curb the recent crisis of production. This crisis can be summed up in few words : fall of price of pruchase to the producer, rise of the price of fertilizers and more peasants running into debts
Ouedraogo, François de Charles. "Géographie de la vulnérabilité alimentaire dans l'Est du Burkina Faso : des potentialités aux ressources." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010521.
Full textToe, Roger. "Le role des banques dans le gouvernement d'entreprise en Afrique : le cas du Burkina Faso." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123004.
Full textSome, Léopold. "Diagnostic agropédoclimatique du risque de sécheresse au Burkina Faso : étude de quelques techniques agronomiques améliorant la résistance pour les cultures de sorgho, de mil et de mai͏̈s." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20251.
Full textBationo, Jean-Claude. "Literaturvermittlung im Deutschunterricht in Burkina Faso /." Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783631557938.
Full textOuedraogo, Edouard. "La politique criminelle du Burkina Faso." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10040.
Full textDramé, Seydou. "Les radios locales au Burkina Faso." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020014.
Full textSawadogo, Saidou Jean-Pierre. "L'imposition des revenus au burkina faso." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010283.
Full textTax was not an unknown phenomenon in the traditonal societies of burkina faso. However, modem taxation of burkina results from the french system of taxation such as it was before 1948. Since the independance (1960) this taxation has changed a lot as far as taxation of expenditure is concerned (institutionalization of v. A. T. In 1993) while income taxation has not been the subject of significant reform since 1970. In burkina faso, the scheduled system is applied; a tax per category-specific income. This mode of taxation wich has not failed, requires however important and urgent reforms, with regard firstly to profitability objectives, adaptability and equity secondly to the national economic and social evolution. So after a critic analysis of different systems of income taxation (scheduled, unit and mixed) from various income taxations in force in burkina faso and from national and international context (regional economic integration and globalization) we have proposed the maintaining of scheduled system but by introducing the essential following reforms : creation of a specific corporate tax, improvement of corporation taxation of individual firms (commercial, liberal or agricultural) the improvement of the extension of activities in the informal sector and the institutionalization of a tax on occasional gains. Finally, conditions of good implementation of these reforms have been suggested
COULIBALY, BERNARD. "Informatique et societe au burkina-faso." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20010.
Full textInformation technology and society in burkina-faso. This work is an attempt at understanding the obstacles and difficulties hindering the development of information technology (i t) in burkina-faso. The approach adopted is one of analyzing the role and position of those involved in the computerization of the country. Analysis of the role the state plays in this is preponderant as it controls implemention of the national i t policy. To understand the limits placed on the action of the state, this study considers the role played by actors outside burkina-faso, that is the industrialized countries, transnational firms, the computer industry and international organizations. This investigation also researches into practices of i t service and consulting companies as well as the behavior of users and non-users of i t. This approach makes it possible to highlight thiose stimulating or inhibiting the development of i t in burkina-faso
Masumbuko, Robert Karisa. "Analysis of Burkina Faso Electricity System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288685.
Full textBurkina Faso har i likhet med många andra Minst Utvecklade Länder (MUL) i sin strävan efter hållbar utveckling insett att för att det ska bli meningsfulla ekonomiska och sociala framsteg är det viktigt att prioritera motståndskraft mot klimatförändringens effekter. I sin nationella anpassningsplan förutses en minskning av genomsnittlig nederbörd i storleksordningen 150 mm fram till 2025, jämfört med ett genomsnittligt årligt värde på 798 mm för perioden 1991 till 2016 och en ökning av medeltemperaturen mellan 1 ° C och 2,5 ° C. Även om Burkina Fasos utsläpp var relativt små, ratificerades Kyotoprotokollet 2005 och genom sina avsedda nationellt bestämda bidrag förbinder de sig att villkorslöst minska sina utsläpp med 6,6% till 2030 i enlighet med Parisavtalet. Elsektorn har identifierats som en av de mest sårbara för klimatförändringar. Efterfrågan förväntas växa exponentiellt på grund av ökade nedkylningsdagar medan utbudssidan, både förnyelsebar (vattenkraft och solceller) och fossilbränslebaserad termisk kraft, kommer att uppleva minskad produktion. Denna studie tillämpar en scenariobaserad analys nedifrån och upp genom att använda verktyget LEAP (Low Emission Analysis Platform) för att genomföra en omfattande analys av Burkina Fasos elsystem för perioden 2014-2030. Analysen berör nuvarande och framtida konsumtion, produktion, transmission och distribution med hänsyn till klimatförändringarnas potentiella effekter. En litteraturgenomgång över potentialen för förnybar energi och klimatförändringarnas effekt på framtida elinfrastruktur genomfördes. Modelleringssimuleringar baserade på nationella, regionala och globala policyer genomfördes därefter med LEAP-modellen utvecklad genom att beakta fyra scenarier: Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, Ideal Case Scenario (ICS), ECOWAS - WAPP Scenario (EWS) och Climate Smart Scenario (CSS) ). Den årliga elförbrukningen förväntas växa till 4,6TWh 2030 jämfört med 1,13TWh under basåret 2014 enligt ett BAU-scenario. Enligt CSS och ICS förväntas efterfrågan öka 43% respektive 93% jämfört med BAU. El genererad från förnyelsebara energikällor var högst i CSS med 36,2% och lägst i BAU-scenariot med 28% under hela perioden fram till 2030. Universell tillgång till el uppnås under CSS genom solenergi utanför elnätet som bidrar till 8,3% av den totala elproduktionen, medan det i EWS uppnås genom omfattande nationella elnätanslutningar. Elproduktion från decentraliserade system under CSS är 300% högre jämfört med de andra tre scenarierna för modelleringsperioden. Förväntade besparingar på cirka 10,5% från import av petroleumprodukter kan uppnås enligt antagandena i EWS-scenariot, jämfört med ICS. Detta beror på införlivandet av jatropha-biodieselblandning på 20% för värmegenerering. Utsläppen av växthusgaser beräknas minska med cirka 19% under CSS och öka med mer än 65% i både EWS och ICS jämfört med BAU-scenariot 2030. Utifrån analysen framkom CSS som ett bättre alternativ till en BAU-framtid och även med hänsyn till de andra scenarierna, eftersom det formas av perspektivet av klimatförändringarnas potentiella inverkan på det sårbara elsystemet. CCS möjliggör den högsta andelen decentraliserad elproduktion genom förnyelsebara solceller, minst elimport jämfört med BAU, och möjliggör den största minskningen av växthusgasutsläpp.
Croguennoc, Corinne, and Françoise Lanièce. "La surveillance de la grossesse et de l'accouchement dans la province de la Gnagna (Burkina Faso) : enquête prospective dans trois maternités." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3022.
Full textNéya, Sihé. ""Burkina Faso - Côte d'Ivoire, c'est chambre-salon" : retour au pays d'origine et reconfiguration d'un espace migratoire transnational." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H009.
Full textThe emigration of Burkinabè from Burkina Faso to Côte d'Ivoire, for over half a century, has led to significant migratory flows between the two countries. Burkinabè and their descendants living in Côte d'Ivoire have multifaceted ties with their country of origin, Burkina Faso. Of course, the transnational links oriented from Côte d'Ivoire to Burkina Faso have been widely documented. But these links deserve to be re-examined with the advent of return and settlement migrations of migrants and their families in Burkina Faso, which have intensified due to the Ivorian crises of the past two decades. This thesis interrogates the ways in which international return migrations to Burkina Faso are participating in the reorganization of transnational living spaces in the ivoiro-burkinabe migratory space (Burkina Faso-Côte d’Ivoire) produced by Burkinabè immigration in Côte d'Ivoire. In this space, it is the actors and the places involved that are questioned. Return migrants also remain transnational actors whose social mobility and transnational practices lead one to rethink the country of origin and the resource within a transnational migratory space. In other words, in the ivoiro-burkinabè transnational migratory space, the resource is localized in the host country and in the country of origin. Burkina Faso becomes a resource that generates an interdependent rather than a dependent relationship between the two countries. The migrants and their families create capital out of spatial dispersion
Harang, Maud. "Système de soins et croissance urbaine dans une ville en mutation : le cas de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100207.
Full textOuagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso, has been experiencing an unprecedented urban, demographic and spatial growth for free decades. This rapid change is not without repercussions on the organisation of the city because the urban planning authorities have not always been able to provide new urban spaces with timely urban services and to integrate new citizens. These changes also have detrimental effects on health system. This thesis specifically addresses the relationship between the city and its health system. The changes experienced by the city make it posssible to study several aspects of the health care system using the analysis of social and spatial disparities in health care supply, the activity of health facilities and urban pratices regarding health care seeking. The health care system must now fit the urban specificities of health, i. E. The health care supply is abundant and varied but unequally accessible, health care needs are more and more numerous and diversified (with the persistence of wellknown infectious diseases and the emergence of chronic and degenerative diseases due to this urban way of life) and alternative practices can be observed regarding health care seeking
Jaglin, Sylvy. "Pouvoirs urbains et gestion partagée à Ouagadougou : équipements et services de proximité dans les périphéries." Paris 8, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080608.
Full textThe advent of a revolutionary state in burkina faso, in 1983, has changed the management conditions of the capital city, ouagadougou. The running of the neighborhood services such as the supply of drinking water at public standposts and the building of basic educational and health facilities being transfered to grassroots organizations (revolutionary committees), elected by the inhabitants of local urban districts, the neighborhood management proceeds from a complex system of shared responsabilities. This study analyses the original practices which come out of this overall context and the new modes of cooperatio established by public authorities and urban populations to bring basic facilities in the outskirts of ouagadougou, which were recently allotted. Emphasizing on the official settings of urban management, the first part of this work analyses the texts and the institutions as well as the means of financing the capital development. The seocnd part is devoted to the social protagonists of urban peripheries, city dwellers and crs'leaders, and to their function in the construction of a shared management specific field of action. The third part studies the articulations and interactions between the "top" and the "bottom" of the social fabric, through the analyse and local management practices. Stress is laid on the contradictions and the discrepancies which arise from the conflicting scales at which the local management is determined
Attané, Anne. "Cérémonies familiales et mutations des rapports sociaux de sexe, d'âge et de génération : Ouahigouya et sa région, Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0143.
Full textBamony, Pierre. "Structure apparente, structure invisible : l'ambivalence des pouvoirs chez les Lyéla du Burkina Faso." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20011.
Full textCheyns, Emmanuelle. "Identification et construction sociale de la qualité de produits agro-alimentaires : Le cas de l'alimentation urbaine au Burkina Faso." Montpellier, ENSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENSA0022.
Full textOuandaogo-Yameogo, Suzanne. "Ressources en eau souterraine du centre urbain de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso, qualité et vulnérabilité." Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG0040.
Full textThe growth of Ouagadougou population, in the capital of Burkina-Faso (with more than 1 million inhabitants) results in drinking water shortage in peripheral areas of the city (Ouagadougou) which are confronted to drinking water problems in quality and mainly in quantity. This study aims the investigation of groundwater situation and the appreciation of its quality and its vulnerability. Ouagadougou is situated in the centre of Burkina-Faso, to an altitude comprised between 280 m and 300 m, laid on paleo proterozoic crystalline and foliated crystalline bedrock formations with cut by intrusions and high fractures oriented South North and East West. All is covered by thick weathered zone. One distinguishes in these formations more than less three aquifer levels but generally two groundwater table : the superficial water table captured of laterite when it is drowned, and the deep aquifer comprising granitic sand and fractured bedrock captured of boreholes. Hydrodynamic parameters of fractures water table are very interested because of the fractures which are in this bedrock environment the main access road to water resources but also and mainly the arrival road of pollutants. Hydrogeochemical tools enable to understand Ouagadougou bedrock aquifers complexity and to show the important pollution in water wells which have seen their conductivity increase with alkalinity (bicarbonate) mainly due to the mineralization of organic matter from anthropogenic charges. Nitrate cartography on 1800 wells indexed in Ouagadougou based on geostatistic approach by variogram analysis show three zones with nitrate excessive concentrate values approaching 150 mg/l. Water quality degradation accompanied by faecal streptococcus and coli forms presence is due to wells proximity from latrines and waste water. The vulnerability cartography test was carried according to two parameters : fracture density and weathered zone thickness. This first approach shows two most vulnerable zones on which a great attention must be paid for sol occupation and hydraulic urban
Coulibaly, Zouanso. "L'évolution de l'enseignement et de la formation des enseignants du primaire au Burkina Faso (1903-1935) : La qualité de l'enseignement primaire en question." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12009.
Full textOur approach in this study is both critical and historical. First of all, there has been a period of limitation of the academic standards compared with the mother country until the end of the second world war. The matter was to train less qualified temporary civil servants and middle executives to back the colonial rulers up. After the creation of the union francaise in 1946, there has been a gradual setting up of the same programmes, diplomas and school structures in west africa as in france since there was a need to train more middle and senior executives for the economic development of the colonial territory. After the independance in 1960, the same school policy has been implemented by the political leaders in upper volta before it has been questioned in the 1970s. From that time, budgets have been revised downwards for all the school department, particulary for the five school masters' training centres there were only two centres left until 1985. The present time school policy aims, first of all, at expanding the primary school teaching. But the shortage of the financial ressources leads to various strategies such as the reduction of the school masters' training period from two years to one (1985-91), the unofficial engagement of teachers without training. . . So that the quality of the primary school teaching has become very worrying. Added to that, many other difficulties have to be taken into account such as the programmes and the time tables, the overnumbering of the classes, the poor equipement of the classes and of the pupils, the lack of authership of the pupils when at home,. . . All things considered, the responsibilities of the political leaders, of the teachers, of the parents and of the pupils themselves are all committed in the quality of teaching
Zoma, André-Jules. "La diffusion des variétés améliorées de céréales au Burkina Faso : analyse du cadre institutionnel et des conditions d'adoption du progrès technique." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE015.
Full textTo face up to a short availability of agricultural land, because of the high increase in population, the cereal improved varieties have been introduced to increase food producing. Some varieties of millet, sorghum and maize (75% of the total agricultural surface) have been proposed to the farmers in Burkina Faso. The rate of adoption of these innovations is very low and their diffusion is impeded by both constraints dependent on institutional environment, and others, sprung from the characteristics of the farms. The agricultural policy, in the context of the structural adjustment involves a progressive disengagement of the state from rural support services (research and extension, farmers training and organization, inputs supply, system of credit. . . ). And does not create a safe and incitative environment, essential for the choice of high productive systems. Moreover, the characteristics of the farms, particularly their different ressources endowment (labor, materials, land) represent also some obstacles to the use of technical innovations by farmers. These two levels of constraints tend to be added and contribute to explain the refusal of some of the technical offers. The diversified responses of the producers to the innovations, show that they can adopt durably and deal with a technique if it is adapted, consistent with the means of production, and particularly benefit by a favourable institutional environment
Ky, Lawagon Barbara Rosine. "Contribution des femmes à la lutte contre la pauvreté au Burkina Faso : Essai de quantification du travail non-rémunéré féminin dans la commune de Koupela." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D011.
Full textWomen's work is widely underestimated in developing countries, particularly in rural areas. The present study quantifies women’s unpaid work in the commune of Koupéla, Burkina Faso. On the basis of time use surveys (n = 711), the study shows gender inequalities that exist in the allocation of time between economic production recorded in GDP and those excluded from GDP (domestic production). It is clear that women work more than men. Paradoxically, this is not shown by the activities recorded by GDP. Quantification of domestic production of women in rural Burkina Faso allows to see that their contribution to economic production is much more significant than figures from national accounts. On the other hand, it offers the opportunity of better policy for poverty reduction integrating gender approach
Ouedraogo, Innocents. "Didactique et enjeux de la professionnalisation des enseignants et encadreurs pédagogiques du secondaire au Burkina Faso : leurres et lueurs." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL044.
Full textThe question of a professionalization by training is fashionable and the discourses do not miss to evoke this professionalization of the teachers. The main question that can be asked is to know wether high school teachers in Burkina Faso are really involved in professionalization process today as discourses tend to say. Using three modes of investigation (semi-directed interviews in form of explanation interviews, document analysis and direct observations) and through a qualitative content analysis, this research shows that the increasing of number of trained teachers, the yearly recruiting of teachers to be trained at École Normale Supérieure (ENS), and at the Institut des Sciences (IDS), the activities of in-service training introduced by the educational picture framers, are sound approaches likely to contribute to the professionalization of teachers in Burkina Faso. Nevertheless, the current trainings are insufficient and inadequate as they don't always consider the didactic aspects liable to help both teachers and students to perceive « flavour of the knowledege ». In addition of the absence of reflective practice, the procedural commitments which teachers have to undergo especially in didactic transposition of contents, all constitute obstacles to their professionalization
Moulai, Ghislaine. "Nouvelle approche juridique du foncier au Bukina Faso en cours de décentralisation : la nomosynthèse." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010296.
Full textFourchard, Laurent. "De la ville coloniale à la cour africaine : espaces, pouvoirs et sociétés à Ouagadougou et à Bobo-Dioulasso, Haute-Volta, fin 19ème siècle-1960 /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38892200r.
Full textPiquemal, Didier. "Dynamique agraire et approche gestion de terroirs : l'agro-pastoralisme du département de Sebba (Burkina Faso)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX1A001.
Full textThe study gives an account of the workings of a rural area, the region of sebba (sahel burkinabe) in order to establish the constriants and the possibilities of an intervention in the management and the development of farmland areas. The interaction between space, society and technical resources helps define a system of production of the agro-pastoral type relatively homogeneous throughout the area. Intervention will revolve around three fundamental fields : agriculture, grazing, environment
Belemwidougou, Eliane Marie Esther. "La fécondité au Burkina Faso et ses relations avec l'activité des femmes : étude de cas dans la province du Boulkiemde." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100114.
Full textOuedraogo, Léonce Eric. "Le réseau politique, un espace de représentation du politique : le rôle de la chefferie traditionnelle au Burkina Faso." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0018.
Full textThe structuring of the political area in Burkina Faso is still characterized by the encounter, within this context, of different systems of political ideas and organisation. Consequently there are ways of specifics adaptations where traditional considerations drive to a large extent the mechanisms of the modern political game. The permanence of traditional structures playing a role in the current organisation thus show the syncretism of political ideas. In addition to this syncretism, there are other factors such as the differential gap related to the tools of political production (notably due to the unequal distribution of the culture capital giving access to these tools of political production) which represent one of the major characteristics of the political set up, that is to say the existence of an area of positioning, replacement in which power is delegated between constituents and elected people. Therefore, within the framework of delegation, a network theoretical structure begins to take shape and allows the traditional hierarchy to work generally as the expression of the political game requires a big mobilisation of the population