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1
Řehková, Lenka. "Syndrom vyhoření u studentů Fakulty podnikohospodářské Vysoké školy ekonomické v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193177.
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The main essence of this Master's thesis is to examine students of the Faculty of Business Administration (FBA) at the University of Economics, Prague and then determine whether students are at risk of burnout or already suffering from it. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the terms - particularly burnout syndrome, its risk factors, symptoms and stages. Then there is the section dedicated to the prevention and treatment of burnout syndrome. Also noteworthy is the comparison of relations between burnout syndrome and stress, depression, and time management. The next chapter is about the characteristics of people who may be at risk of burnout, and a description of professions, which are most affected by burnout. The end of this part is about the University of Economics, Prague, the Faculty of Business Administration and its students. The theoretical part is followed by the practical part, which is based on questionnaire survey, which shows whether students of the Faculty of Business Administration (FBA) at the University of Economics, Prague are at risk of burnout syndrome or already suffering from it. After evaluation of the questionnaires and evaluate hypotheses at the end of the work a few recommendations for students.
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Broström, Sanna, and Elin Brännmark. "Att drabbas och leva med utmattningssyndrom : En kvalitativ studie om de konsekvenser som kan upplevas till följd av utmattningssyndrom samt vägen tillbaka." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85602.
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Psykisk ohälsa är ett problem som ständigt ökar i samhället. Begreppet psykisk ohälsa innefattar en mängd olika psykiska och psykiatriska problem, däribland utmattningssyndromet, vilket är denna studies fokus. Syftet med studien var att undersöka de egna upplevelserna hos personer som själva drabbats av utmattningssyndrom gällande; insjuknandet, symtom, riskfaktorer och konsekvenser till följd av syndromet, samt friskfaktorer. Studien innefattar sex kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har varit drabbade av utmattningssyndrom, samt kvalitativ data från en enkät som sedan tidigare var utformad tillsammans med en kvantitativ pilotstudie. Resultatet visar att personerna upplevde att vardagen förändrades avsevärt till följd av syndromet, och att en kognitiv och fysisk trötthet upplevdes av samtliga. Resultatet påvisar även att många av intervjupersonerna och enkätdeltagarna upplevde att självuppfattningen förändrades under tiden som sjuk och att bilden över hur en vill vara krockade med den faktiska bilden. Det framkom även att vissa risk- och friskfaktorer bara upplevdes av enskilda eller ett fåtal deltagare, vilket tyder på att syndromet uppkomst och hur det artar sig är en komplex process med en individuell prägel på samtliga aspekter.Mental illness is a problem that is constantly increasing in society, and burnout syndrome is a relevant part of the mental illness that the society is struggling with. Burnout syndrome is the type of mental illness that this study is focused on. The purpose of this study was to examine people's experience regarding the sickening and diagnostic of burnout syndrome, factors that affect the syndrome negatively and positively but also social and personal consequences that can occur. This study presents six qualitative interviews with people who have been sick with burnout syndrome, together with qualitative survey data that was collected previously. The result of the study shows that the subjects experienced a drastic change of everyday life because of the burnout syndrome. A cognitive and physical fatigue was experienced by all studied subjects. The result also shows that both the interview and survey subjects reported negative changes in the self-perception that affected their mental picture of themselves. The result does also report some affecting factors that are both positive and negative, and a big part of these factors differ between the subjects. This suggests that the burnout syndrome is a complex process that is highly affected by personal and individual factors.
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Navarro, Moya Maria Pau. "Factores psicosociales de riesgo y protección de la salud y bienestar entre los profesionales del transporte sanitario." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668797.
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Several studies highlight the fact that ambulance personnel are exposed to multiple psychosocial risk factors that can lead, among others, to burnout syndrome. There are few studies that provide information on protective factors and even fewer comparative studies between the professionals of the two large models existing in pre-hospital care, the Anglo-American (AA) and the Franco-German (FA), from the perspective of the professionals themselves. Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to deepen the knowledge of psychosocial risk and health protection factors for medical transport professionals, comparing both models of pre-hospital care and differentiating between EMT and non-EMT workers for the FG model. Two different, albeit related, studies have been carried out for this, combining quantitative and qualitative methodology.Diversos estudios destacan que los profesionales del transporte sanitario están expuestos a sufrir distintos factores de riesgo psicosocial que pueden conllevar, entre otros, el síndrome de desgaste profesional (SDP). Son escasos los estudios que aportan información sobre factores de protección y más escasos aún los estudios comparativos entre los profesionales de los dos grandes modelos de atención extra hospitalaria existente, el anglo-americano (AA) y el franco-alemán (FA), desde la perspectiva de los propios profesionales. La presente tesis tiene el propósito de profundizar en el conocimiento de los factores psicosociales de riesgo y protección de la salud y bienestar de los profesionales de ambulancias, también a sufrir el SDP, diferenciando entre los dos modelos de atención extra hospitalaria (FA/AA), tipo de servicio (para el modelo FA) y sexo. Para ello se han llevado a cabo dos estudios distintos, aunque relacionados, en los que se combinan la metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa.
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Burger, Marilize Cornelle. "Genetic risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12714.
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Includes bibliographical references.Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common occupational injury that is caused by an increase in pressure within the carpal tunnel structure which, in turn, causes compression of the median nerve. Although several factors are believed to be associated with increased risk of CTS, the direct causes of this injury remain unknown and it is generally accepted that CTS, with the exception of acutely caused CTS, is a multifactorial condition. Although it is generally accepted that an increase in pressure within the carpal tunnel structure, which contains nine flexor tendons, causes compression of the median nerve, the involvement of these tendons and other connective tissue structures in the aetiology of CTS cannot be excluded. In support of this, pathology of these connective structures have been proposed as being comorbid conditions or a precursor of CTS, cause CTS and/or can lead to an increase in carpal tunnel pressure. Several studies have suggested that specific non-occupational risk factors, such as anatomical, systemic and chronic factors as well as mostly repetition- and force-related occupational risk factors are associated with CTS. Although genetic influences in the aetiology of CTS have been proposed, this area has received little attention. Common DNA sequence variants on the other hand have previously been reported to associate with common exercise-associated tendon, such as chronic Achilles tendinopathy, and ligament injuries. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether common DNA sequence variants within several genes that have been associated or implicated in the aetiology of exercise-related musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries, are associated with altered risk of CTS by using a genetic association case-control study approach.
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Jacobsson, Annelie. "Comparing NR Expression among Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-814.
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The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors such as diabetes type II, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, microalbuminurea and insulin resistance, which in the recent years has increased greatly in many parts of the world. In this thesis decision trees were applied to the BioExpress database, including both clinical data about donors and gene expression data, to investigate nuclear receptors ability to serve as markers for the metabolic syndrome. Decision trees were created and the classification performance for each individual risk factor were then analysed. The rules generated from the risk factor trees were compared in order to search for similarities and dissimilarities. The comparisons of rules were performed in pairs of risk factors, in groups of three and on all risk factors and they resulted in the discovery of a set of genes where the most interesting were the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor - Alpha, the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor - Gamma and the Glucocorticoid Receptor. These genes existed in pathways associated with the metabolic syndrome and in the recent scientific literature.
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Sjögren, Per. "Cardiovascular risk factors, diet and the metabolic syndrome /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-894-0/.
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Prowse, Tracy. "Intrinsic risk factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2992.
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Blair, S. A. "Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527660.
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Aeberli, Isabelle. "Nutritional risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in overweight children." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17791.
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Peterson, Jonathan M., W. Andrew Clark, Jo-Ann Marrs, and Arsham Alamian. "Serum Adipokines and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Hispanic Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1387.
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Epperson, Daniel W., and Stephen B. MD FAAEM Blankenship. "Spontaneous Esophageal Rupture without Risk Factors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/44.
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Boerhaave syndrome is a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. It results from a sudden increase in esophageal pressure combined with negative intrathoracic pressure as seen with severe straining or vomiting. Esophageal perforation is extremely rare with an incidence of approximately 3.1 per 1,000,000 per year with a mortality rate estimated to be 20-50%. The rare occurrence and fatal nature of an esophageal perforation makes this syndrome a difficult yet important diagnosis to consider in the clinical setting.
This case presents a previously healthy 47-year-old gentleman who presented to a local emergency department with syncope, vomiting, and chest pain sequentially. He reported a 24-hour history of dark stools followed by syncope, and when he regained consciousness he had three bouts of retching and expulsion of coffee-ground vomitus. Shortly after emesis, the patient developed severe and continuous pain located in his central chest that radiated to his back. Upon arrival to the hospital he was tachycardic. Blood tests revealed metabolic acidosis, increased white blood cell count, elevated lactate, and significant anemia. The patient’s hemoglobin was 7.7 gm/dL, a significant drop from the patient’s baseline level of 14. The patient received 1 unit of packed red blood cells and was sent for imaging studies. Chest X-ray and CT imaging revealed free air in the mediastinum, and a subsequent Gastrografin esophagogram study revealed a lower esophageal perforation proximal to gastroesophageal junction. The patient was rushed to the operating room for emergency surgery. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed no active bleeds and confirmed a distal mucosal defect suggestive of perforation. The surgery team then performed a left thoracotomy with intercostal muscle harvest and esophageal repair, with the patient needing an additional 4 units of packed red blood cells during surgery. He tolerated the surgery well and received appropriate post-op care in the ICU. A repeat Gastrografin and barium swallow esophagogram revealed no evidence of leak, strictures, or complications from the operation. A follow up CT image of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis was performed one month after hospital discharge, and results showed complete resolution of mediastinal air without evidence of esophageal leak.
This case demonstrates how a spontaneous esophageal perforation can occur in previously healthy, middle aged patients with no significant GI history or identifiable risk factors. Given this information, clinicians should consider Boerhaave Syndrome when a patient of any age presents with chest pain after an episode of emesis.
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Trojan, Daria A. (Daria Anna). "A Case-control study of risk factors for post-poliomyelitis syndrome /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56985.
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Post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) is a clinical syndrome of new weakness, fatigue, and pain in individuals who have previously recovered from acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The primary objective of this study was to identify factors which predict subsequent PPS. Among patients with prior polio, cases were those with new weakness and fatigue, and controls were those without these complaints. A chart review of 353 patients evaluated at the Montreal Neurological Institute post-polio clinic identified 127 cases and 39 controls. In univariate analyses, significant risk factors for PPS were a greater current age (odds ratio of 1.8 per decade, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.6), a longer time since acute polio (odds ratio of 1.6 per decade, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.3), more weakness at acute polio (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.0), a recent weight gain (odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 9.4), muscle pain with exercise (odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 9.5), muscle pain (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 5.5), and joint pain (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.3). The multivariate analyses revealed that a model containing current age (odds ratio 1.7 per decade, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.6), weakness at acute polio (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.5), muscle pain with exercise (odds ratio 4.9, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 15.6), recent weight gain (odds ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 2.02 to 20.3), and joint pain (odds ratio 2.33, 95% confidence interval 0.8 to 7.1) was the most effective in predicting who would develop PPS. Age at acute polio, degree of recovery after polio, weakness at best point after polio, physical activity, and sex were not contributing factors.
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Becerra, Tomás Nerea. "Dietary factors associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes risk." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460757.
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S’ha observat que els patrons dietètics s’associen de forma diferent al risc de desenvolupar la síndrome metabòlica (SM) i la diabetis tipus 2 (DT2). Amb l’objectiu d’entendre millor els diferents efectes dels patrons dietètics sobre el risc de desenvolupar aquestes malalties, és important analitzar el paper que juguen determinats grups d’aliments sobre el risc de desenvolupar el SM i la DT2.
L’objectiu de la present tesis ha estat avaluar l’associació entre el consum de carn, productes làctics i el risc d’incidència de SM o alguns dels seus components, així com avaluar l’associació entre el consum de llegums i el risc de desenvolupar DT2.
Els resultats van mostrar una associació inversa no significativa entre el consum total de productes làctics i el risc d’incidència de SM. El consum de productes làctics baixos en greix, llet descremada i iogurt (total, baix en greix i sencer) es va associar a un menor risc de SM i algun dels seus components. Contràriament, el consum de formatge es va associar a un major risc. De la mateixa manera, el consum de carn total també es va associar amb el risc de patir SM i algun dels seus components. Mentre que la carn vermella i la carn vermella processada es van associar a un menor risc de SM, el consum de carn blanca es va associar a un menor risc. Finalment, el consum de llegums totals, i en particular de llenties, es va associar a un menor risc d’incidència de DT2.
En conclusió, un consum elevat de productes làctics baixos en greix i iogurt (independentment el seu contingut en greix), conjuntament amb el consum preferent de carn blanques en lloc de carns vermelles o carns vermelles processades, i una alta freqüència de llegums podria ser beneficiós per a la prevenció del SM i la DT2 en individus Mediterranis amb alt risc cardiovascular.Se ha observado que los patrones dietéticos se asocian de manera distinta al riesgo de desarrollar síndrome metabólico (SM) y la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). Con el objetivo de entender mejor los distintos efectos de los patrones dietéticos sobre el riesgo de desarrollar estas enfermedades, es importante analizar el papel que juegan determinados grupos de alimentos sobre el riesgo de desarrollar el SM y la DT2. El principal objetivo de la presente tesis ha sido evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de carne, productos lácteos y el riesgo de incidencia SM o alguno de sus componentes, así como evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de legumbres y el riesgo de desarrollar DT2. Los resultados mostraron una asociación inversa no significativa entre el consumo total de productos lácteos y el riesgo de incidencia de SM. El consumo de productos lácteos bajos en grasa, leche desnatada y yogur (total, bajo en grasa y entero) se asoció a un menor riesgo de SM y algunos de sus componentes. Contrariamente, el consumo de queso se asoció a un mayor riesgo. Del mismo modo, el consumo de carne total también se asoció con el riesgo de padecer SM y alguno de sus componentes. Mientras que la carne roja y la carne roja procesada se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de SM, el consumo de carne blanca se asoció a un menor riesgo. Finalmente, el consumo de legumbres totales, y en particular las lentejas, se asoció a un mejor riesgo de incidencia de DT2. En conclusión, un consumo elevado de productos lácteos bajos en grasa y yogur (independientemente del contenido en grasa), conjuntamente con consumo preferente de carnes blancas en lugar de carnes rojas o carnes rojas procesadas, y una alta frecuencia de legumbres, podría ser beneficioso para la prevención del SM y la DT2 en individuos Mediterráneos con alto riesgo cardiovascular.
It has been shown that dietary patterns are differently associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whereas the Western diet seems to increase the risk of these chronic diseases, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), seem to decrease the risk. In order to better understand the different effects on disease risk among dietary patterns, it is important to analyze the role that specific food groups play on the risk of developing MetS and T2D. The main aim of the present dissertation was to evaluate the association between the consumption of meat and dairy products with the risk of MetS or the incidence of some of its individual components, as well as to assess the association between legumes consumption and T2D development risk. The results showed a non-significant inverse association between total dairy consumption and the risk of MetS incidence. The consumption of low-fat dairy products, low-fat milk and yogurt (total, low-fat and whole-fat yogurt) was associated with a lower risk of MetS and some of its individual components. Contrary, the consumption of cheese was positively associated with the MetS risk. Likewise, total meat intake was also associated with the risk of MetS and the development of some of its components. Whereas red meat and processed red meat were associated with a higher risk of MetS, poultry was associated with a lower risk. Finally, total legume consumption, particularly lentils, was associated with a lower risk of T2D incidence. In conclusion, high consumption of low-fat dairy products and yogurt (regardless the fat content), together with the preference for poultry rather than red meat or processed red meat, and high frequency consumption of legumes, would be beneficial for the prevention of MetS and T2D among Mediterranean individuals at high CVD risk.
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Scott, Andrew. "The influence of walking on risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2008. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12120/.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, characterised by the presence of 3 or more of 1) abdominal obesity, 2) insulin resistance, 3) hypertension, 4) dyslipidaemia, and 5) emerging risk factors, such as pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory states, which are each independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This clustering of risk factors is reported to increase the odds ratio for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality above the risk associated with the individual components (Wilson, 2004). The precise aetiology of MetS is currently unknown, however an energy-dense diet, particularly high in carbohydrate, and an inactive lifestyle or low fitness may interact with a genetic susceptibility to contribute to the pathophysiology of MetS (Bouchard, 2007). Therefore the purpose of the studies included in this thesis were to determine whether accumulative brisk walking may improve risk factors associated with MetS and whether one single session of brisk walking at a moderate intensity may improve risk factors associated with MetS in middle-aged men at risk of MetS. Study one recruited 85 males aged 38-73 onto a 24-week randomised controlled trial with participants allocated to control (CON), single 30 minute daily brisk walking (SBW) or accumulative 30 minutes of daily brisk walking (ABW; 3×10 min or 2×15 min) groups. Measures included aerobic fitness (OO2max), body composition and selected blood variables. The main findings were that 24 weeks of accumulating 150 min·wk-1 of brisk walking at ~65% HRmax significantly improved insulin sensitivity, which was associated with decreased abdominal adiposity, assessed by waist circumference, and was at least as effective as a single daily session of equal volume in middle-aged men at risk of MetS. Study two investigated the 24-hour effect of walking for 30 minutes at 50% OO2max (30×50%), 30 minutes at 65% OO2max (30×65%) and 60 minutes at 50% OO2max (60×50%) compared to rest (CON) on cardiovascular control, resting metabolism and selected blood variables. The main findings were that a single 30 minute walking session at 50% OO2max favourably improved cardiovascular control, indicated by decreased heart rate and systolic blood pressure, thus decreasing the workload of the heart, whereas increasing the intensity of the walk to 65% OO2max attenuated this effect, while increasing the duration to 60 minutes had no additional effect compared to 30 minutes at 50% OO2max in men at risk of MetS.
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Blair, Peter Sinclair Paul. "Assessing the changing risk factors associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/275cdd77-5f8e-487d-8e8d-3aa62eea16e8.
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Bana, Tasnim Mohammed. "Prolonged tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: characteristics and risk factors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16480.
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Includes bibliographical referencesBackground: In a proportion of patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis who develop paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), the clinical course of IRIS is prolonged necessitating substantial health care utilization for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This phenomenon has not been systematically studied to date. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients with prolonged TB-IRIS, as well as the clinical characteristics and risk factors for prolonged TB-IRIS. Methods: We pooled data from two prospective observational studies and a randomized controlled trial that enrolled patients with paradoxical TB-IRIS using the same diagnostic approach and clinical case definitions in Cape Town, South Africa. Prolonged TB-IRIS was defined as TB-IRIS symptoms lasting > 90 days. Risk factors for TB-IRIS were analysed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model. In a separate set of analyses, risk factors for relapsing after a 4-week course of prednisone for treatment of TB-IRIS were analysed. Results: Two-hundred and sixteen patients with TB-IRIS were included. The median duration of TB-IRIS symptoms was 71.0 days (IQR=41.0-113.2). In 73/181 patients with sufficient follow-up (40.3%) IRIS duration was > 90 days. Six patients (3.3%) had IRIS duration > 1 year, mainly with nodal involvement. In univariate logistic regression analysis, the following were significantly associated with IRIS duration > 90 days: lymph node involvement at initial TB diagnosis (p=0.02), drug-resistant TB (p=0.02), lymph node TB-IRIS (p=0.0005) and not being hospitalized at time of TB-IRIS diagnosis (p=0.004). The association with lymph node TB-IRIS (p=0.02) and hospitalization status (p=0.05) remained significant in the multivariate logistic regression model. In the Cox proportional hazards model, IRIS lymph node involvement was independently associated with lower hazards of IRIS resolution (HR 0.55, 95%CI=0.38-0.78). In univariate analysis those patients with lesser reductions in liver function abnormalities during prednisone treatment had a higher risk of relapse after stopping prednisone, but no significant associations remained in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Around 40% of patients with TB-IRIS have symptoms for more than 90 days. Lymph node IRIS involvement is an independent risk factor for a prolonged course and in the small proportion of patients (3%) with symptoms more than one year this usually manifests with lymph node involvement. Whether earlier recognition and treatment of lymph node TB-IRIS could reduce the risk of prolonged TB-IRIS needs to be evaluated. Trial registration: The randomized controlled trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21322548.
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Hodge, William G. "Risk factors for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82894.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common and most devastating ocular opportunistic infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The lifetime cumulative incidence of this infection in patients with AIDS ranges from 25% to 40%. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in 1996, the incidence of CMV retinitis is declining in industrialized nations. However, at least 20% of patients do not respond to HAART. Furthermore, it is possible that more resistance to HAART may develop in the not too distant future, with an explosive increase in the incidence of CMV retinitis. In developing and mixed-economy countries, the incidence is actually increasing. No other ocular opportunistic infection among patients with AIDS has a lifetime cumulative incidence over 1--2%. Without treatment, blindness occurs in 100% of patients within 6 months. When treatment is undertaken; it is expensive, not always effective and exhausting for the patient.Among the clinical risk factors, flashing lights and floaters (OR 11.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.43--38.01), retinal microinfarction (cotton-wool spots) (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.01--8.29), number of previous opportunistic infections (OR I.81, 95% CI 1.24--2.64), nonocular CMV infections (OR 82.99, 95% CI 6.86--1004.58) and homosexual acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.13--7.12) were significant predictors of CMV retinitis. From the laboratory model, a high CMV viral load was a significant predictor of CMV retinitis (OR 33.03, 95% CI 2.32--469.39), as was a low hemoglobin concentration (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94--0.98). Among the HLA types, HLA-Bw4 (OR 11.68,95% CI 1.29--105.82) and HLA-DRBI15 (OR 9.34,95% CI 1.14--76.41) were significant predictors of CMV retinitis, whereas HLA-Cw7 was protective against CMV retinitis (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01--0.67). From the iatrogenic model, steroid use was predictive of CMV retinitis (OR 6.41, 95% CI 2.35--17.51).
Based on this study, the use of steroids systemically elevated the risk of CMV retinitis. Other clinical and laboratory variables were found to elevate the risk of (or protect against) this disease. These findings may be useful to clinicians and health policy experts in developing rational guidelines for screening, examination frequency and targeted prophylaxis for patients with AIDS.
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Diaz, Sara Diana Garduno. "Diet and ethnicity associated risk factors for metabolic syndrome in South Asians." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578657.
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The South Asian population in the United Kingdom has been reported to be at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. These two chronic diseases are the end result of a condition known as the metabolic syndrome (MS). Although MS and its association to dietary patterns has been reported in various studies, most research has focused on western countries and minority group populations have been overlooked to a great extent. The identification of dietary patterns and other ethnicity associated risk factors is especially relevant to the South Asian population due to their high prevalence of diet-related diseases and their susceptibility to increased risk of co-morbidities. In addition, South Asians present a distinctive metabolic phenotype as well as unique dietary intakes both at home and abroad. Using detailed dietary information collected from a sample of the local South Asian community in Leeds, UK, the objective of this work was to describe the dietary patterns of South Asians and to investigate their association with metabolic syndrome risk factors. Anthropometric data was collected to identify existing MS components. Further, the study aimed to recognize lifestyle risk factors associated to ethnicity including religion, culturally-acceptable physical activity practices and the process of acculturation as time of residency in the UK increases. Related aspects such as education level and income and their link to diet quality were also explored. Finally, comparison was made between the diet and ethnicity associated risk factors for MS in South Asians and the mainstream population in the UK. Although results were in accordance with the existing literature in terms of diet composition, the examination of additional risk factors demonstrates the importance of developing public health prevention strategies tailored to the different minority ethnic groups in the UK's heterogeneous population.
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Kofler, Bettina Maria. "The impact of dietary fat on risk factors on the metabolic syndrome." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501355.
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Cell studies and human cohort interventions have tried to elucidate underlying causes of the metabolic syndrome (MS); however exact molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Dietary fatty acids have emerged as major factors influencing the development of MS and have been examined through cellular and human investigations in this thesis. A functional marker for insulin sensitivity was developed in a human adipose cell line (SGBS cells) based on suppression of stimulated lipolysis through insulin (P< 0.001). Reduction of lipolysis was evident with arachidonic acid (AA), linoleic acid (LA) at lOOμM with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at lOμaM (P< 0.001). Sensitivity to insulin was accompanied by increased peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene expression in EPA (P= 0.001) and AA (P= 0.05) treated cells. Significant decreases in insulin receptor substrate-l (lRS-1) (P= O.OOl) and reduced PPAR-γ gene expression was evident with palmitic acid (PA) at 25μiM. Fatty acid mixtures (saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) mixtures with / without EPA + DHA) significantly decreased noradrenaline stimulated lipolysis (P< 0.001) but PPAR-y expression was reduced with the SFA mixture (P< 0.05).
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Stone, Hillarey. "Enrichment of Transcriptional Regulators at Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome Genetic Risk Loci." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin160199291391191.
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Goodson, Jason Talley. "Occupational and Bio \psychosocial Risk Factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Case-Control Study." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6219.
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The present study was designed to assess the risk factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Toward this end, a wide range of putative occupational, biological , and psychosocial correlates of CTS was investigated using a case-control methodology. Cases were 87 patients from an orthopedic clinic with clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic testing results suggestive of CTS. Controls were 74 gender-matched patients from the same orthopedic clinic, without clinical symptoms of CTS and normal electrodiagnostic testing results. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire that included eight potential occupational correlates (i.e., repetition, force, vibration, typing, lifting heavy loads, and standing on feet), 10 potential personological correlates (i.e., obesity, advocational exercise levels, diabetes, thyroid problems, arthritis, gynecological surgery, and menstrual complications), and 11 potential psychosocial correlates (i.e., depression, anxiety, somatization, health locus of control job satisfaction, and physical and mental health indices). Results of multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that occupational repetition , vigorous exercise, physical activities with wrist strain, physical health, and job satisfaction were significant predictors of CTS. In addition, obesity was a borderline significant predictor of CTS. Plausible explanations for the current findings, along with implications, are discussed .
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Klyza, James Philip. "Ancestor and Descendant Gender-Stratified Analysis Concerning the Heritability of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1285688451.
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Metzger, Jesse S. Siega-Riz Anna Maria. "Classes of physical activity associations with sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for the metabolic syndrome /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1385.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Al, Hajri Ahlam Saleh A. "Impact of physical activity and dietary programme on metabolic syndrome risk factors in Saudi women." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51477/.
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This thesis explores the impact of lifestyle factors on the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Saudi Arabian women. A survey of a snowball sample was used to recruit 258 female and explored factors influencing physical activity (PA) and food intake and their effects on BMI in women living in the KSA and the UK. Participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire relating to knowledge, attitudes, barriers and levels of PA, sedentary activity and eating habits. Excessive energy intake, physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle were all prevalent in Saudi women, resulting in 80%, over the age of 35y, being overweight or obese. BMI was associated with both energy intake and PA, though the relationship with the former was stronger. The most common barriers to regular exercise were transportation and lack of time. Findings were generally similar between women living in Saudi Arabia and the UK. The efficacy of reducing energy intake, with or without increased PA, on risk factors associated with MS in overweight Saudi women was investigated in a pilot study. After a four-week program, incorporating dietary modification alone (D) or in combination with regular vigorous aerobic exercise (D+E), improvements were seen in body composition and a range of metabolic risk factors. Both groups lost weight, but, paradoxically, those in D lost significantly more than those in D+E (5.3 vs. 3.3%, p=0.016). Moreover, significant reductions were also found in blood pressure, plasma triacylglycerol, insulin, total and LDL cholesterol, with no significant differences between the two groups. Plasma glucose and HDL cholesterol remained unaltered. Overall, these changes led to a decline in the prevalence of MS from 20% to 5% and 21% to 7% for the D and D+E groups, respectively. Thus, reducing energy intake appears, at least in the short term, more important than increasing PA in reducing body weight and associated metabolic risk factors. These studies confirm that excessive dietary intake and physical inactivity both contribute to overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabian women. With appropriate support, it is possible to both reduce energy intake and increase PA, although, in the short -term, the former appears to be most important. It remains to be established whether longer-term improvements in PA would further improve metabolic health.
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Zukley, Linda. "THE EFFECTS OF A STRUCTURED LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION PROGRAM IN CONJUNCTION WITH DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION ON WEIGHT LOSS AND RISK F." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3687.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a structured weight loss program that included hypocaloric diet, exercise and dietary supplementation, on weight loss, metabolic syndrome risk factors and antioxidant levels in healthy overweight and obese females. Thirty-seven healthy overweight and obese women (BMI 29.5 ± 2.3 kg/m2, 41.1 ± 7.1 yrs) participated in this study. The subjects were randomized into one of two groups: an exercise, hypocaloric diet and antioxidant supplement (LifePak®; LSANT group, n=20) or an exercise, hypocaloric diet and appetite suppression supplement (HTP Complex® and TēGreen®; LSAS group, n=17). A significant weight loss occurred in both groups after 12 weeks (LSANT: -2.8 ± 2.8 kg and LSAS: -4.3 ± 2.7 kg, p<0.001). Body fat mass, percent body fat, and waist circumference significantly improved in both groups (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups for weight loss (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was found between the groups for body fat mass (LSANT: -1.8 ± 2.6 kg; LSAS: -3.4 ± 2.4 kg, p ≤ 0.05). Glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased in the LSAS group (glucose: -5.0 ± 6.8 mg/dl, p=0.008; insulin: -2.6 ± 3.8 uIU/dl, p=0.013; and HOMA-IR: -0.7 ± 1.0, p=0.012) but not in the LSANT group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) observed within or between the groups for cholesterol, triglycerides or LDL-c. HDL-c decreased significantly in the LSANT group (-2.9 ± 5.3 mg/dl, p=0.024) but not in the LSAS group (p>0.05). Skin carotenoid scores (SCS) increased significantly within the LSANT group (LSANT: 10950 ± 8395 SCS, p<0.001) but not the LSAS group (p>0.05). Lifestyle intervention that involves a structured hypocaloric diet and increased physical activity results in weight loss and improvements in body composition. However, supplementation with an appetite suppressant (HTP Complex®) did not enhance weight loss beyond what was achieved with a structured lifestyle intervention. Antioxidant supplementation may be of benefit during a weight loss program that incorporates physical activity and a low energy diet.Ph.D.
Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences
Education
Education PhD
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Harris, Ricci, and n/a. "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome : symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in Aotearoa." University of Otago. Weelington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2003. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.112047.
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More is becoming known about the importance of sleep to health, with inadequate sleep recognised as a significant public health issue. Sleep clinics have reported disproportionate numbers of Māori and Pacific peoples with more severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), raising concerns about accessibility of services and possible differences in prevalence between ethnic groups.
Prevalence information on sleep disorders in Aotearoa is needed to assess its public health impact and plan for population health care needs. This thesis presents a national study examining the prevalence of OSAS symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in Aotearoa.
This project is also situated within the wider scope of ethnic inequalities in health between Maori and non-Maori and is concerned with making a positive contribution to Maori health and the elimination of disparities. Kaupapa Maori Research (KMR) is the underlying methodology that drives this study. As such, it assumes a Maori norm, and prioritises Maori needs. A Maori/non-Maori analytical framework is used that distinguishes Maori as tangata whenua, addresses Maori health needs as well as non-Maori, and enables the monitoring of guarantees as outlined by the Treaty of Waitangi.
The goals of this thesis were to estimate the prevalence of OSAS symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in New Zealand, and to examine independent predictive variables for specific OSAS symptoms. An objective was also to contribute to KMR through designing and undertaking a KMR project using a quantitative method, with the development of concepts for use in other areas of research.
In April 1999, a short questionnaire was sent to a sample of 10000 New Zealands (5500 of Maori descent and 4500 non-Maori participants to enable research questions to be examined with equal statistical power for both groups.
The results demonstrate that the prevalence of OSAS symptoms and risk factors, particularly among non-Maori, are comparable to other international studies, indicating that OSAS is likely to be a common problem among adults in Aotearoa. Furthermore, the results suggest that Maori are significantly more likely to suffer from OSAS than non-Maori, with higher rates of symptoms and risk factors of OSAS among both men and women. As an area of medicine that is under-serviced in Aotearoa, the results provide important information with which to plan for population needs.
There are a number of health implications from this study, relating specifically to the diagnosis and management of OSAS in Aotearoa, and to Maori health and the elimination of disparities. These are multi-levelled and include health service implications across the continuum of care, from specialist sleep services to primary care; public health implications that involve preventive measures and broader determinants of health; and KMR principles that can be applied to interventions and health research in general. As a KMR project the implications and recommendations focus on Maori health research in general. As a KMR project the implications and recommendations focus on Maori health gain and addressing disparities in health. This is consistent with Maori health rights, and a population approach that considers health inequalities and the role of wider determinants of health and health services.
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Muno, Jill D. "Prevalence, risk factors and seasonality of plasma insulin concentrations in normal horses in central ohio." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243895254.
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Xu, Lin, and 徐琳. "Subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolicsyndrome in older Chinese people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4451430X.
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Sipola-Leppänen, M. (Marika). "Preterm birth and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and early adulthood." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207957.
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Abstract About 11% of infants are born preterm (before 37 weeks of gestation) worldwide. Adults born preterm with very low birth weight show enhancement of cardiometabolic risk factors such as elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation compared with their peers born at term. Not all the cardiometabolic risk factors related to preterm birth are known, or whether they apply to those born less preterm, although about 80% of premature infants are born late preterm. The association between preterm birth and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood was investigated in three cohort studies: The Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, and the ESTER study. Preterm birth over its whole range has a long-term impact on a child’s health in later life: adults born preterm with very low birth weight had lower resting energy expenditure, but higher resting energy expenditure per unit lean body mass than their peers born at term. Adolescent girls born before 34 weeks of gestation had higher blood pressure and boys have elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Adults born preterm were more likely to be obese and to have hypertension or metabolic syndrome than their peers born at term. In addition to conventional biomarkers of cardiometabolic disorders, they had alterations in other cardiometabolic biomarkers, such as uric acid and liver transaminases. Adolescents and adults born preterm are at greater risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders than their peers born at term. Most of the cardiometabolic risk factors related to preterm birth are modifiable. Favorable early life circumstances of premature infants, such as optimal nutrition and reduction of stress in neonatal intensive care units, might reduce the risk of later cardiometabolic disorders. In addition, children and adults born preterm might particularly benefit from primary prevention such as screening for additional risk factors and promotion of healthy lifestylesTiivistelmä Noin joka yhdeksäs lapsi maailmassa syntyy ennenaikaisesti, ennen 37. raskausviikkoa. Keskosena syntyneillä aikuisilla on todettu enemmän joitakin sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöitä kuin heidän täysaikaisena syntyneillä ikätovereillaan. Näistä eniten on tutkittu etenkin kohonneen verenpaineen ja heikentyneen sokerin siedon esiintyvyyttä, mutta kaikkia myöhempien sairauksien riskitekijöitä ei tunneta. Suurin osa aiemmista keskostutkimuksista on tehty hyvin tai erittäin ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä, vaikka yli 80% keskosista syntyy lievästi ennenaikaisena. Ei ole juurikaan tutkimuksia siitä, ovatko sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskitekijät lisääntyneet myös tässä suuressa lievemmin ennenaikaisesti syntyneiden joukossa. Eriasteisen ennenaikaisen syntymän vaikutuksia nuoruus- ja aikuisiän sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskitekijöihin tutkittiin kolmessa kohorttitutkimuksessa: Helsingin Pikku-K -tutkimuksessa, Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986 -tutkimuksessa sekä ESTER-tutkimuksessa. Ennenaikaisella syntymällä sinänsä on pitkäaikaiset vaikutuksen syntyneen lapsen terveyteen myös nuoruudessa ja aikuisuudessa: Hyvin pienipainoisena ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä on korkeampi lepoenergian kulutus rasvatonta painoyksikköä kohden kuin täysiaikaisena syntyneillä ikätovereilla. Hyvin ennenaikaisena (ennen 34. raskausviikkoa) syntyneillä tytöillä on 16-vuotiaina korkeampi verenpaine, ja pojilla suuremmat LDL-kolesterolin ja apolipoproteiini B:n pitoisuudet. Keskosena syntyneet puolestaan täyttivät aikuisina todennäköisemmin lihavuuden, verenpainetaudin ja metabolisen oireyhtymän kriteerit. Perinteisten sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskitekijöiden lisäksi heillä oli muutoksia myös monissa muissa sydän- ja verisuonitautien merkkiaineissa, kuten uraatin ja maksa-arvojen pitoisuuksissa. Ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä nuorilla ja aikuisilla on suurentunut riski sairastua sydän- ja verisuonitauteihin myöhemmällä iällä. Näitä riskejä on mahdollista ennaltaehkäistä, minkä vuoksi ennenaikaisesti syntyneet nuoret ja aikuiset voivat hyötyä terveellisistä elämäntavoista erityisen paljon
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Esparza-Romero, Julian. "RISK FACTORS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN MEXICAN AND U.S. PIMA INDIANS: ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195732.
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Introduction. Pima Indians living in the United States (U.S.) have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the world. Their Mexican counterparts, living a traditional lifestyle in the mountain of Sonora, Mexico, have at least five times less diabetes than the U.S. Pima Indians. The effects of a traditional lifestyle in reducing type 2 diabetes risk factors and the association of factors to type 2 diabetes were evaluated in a sample of 1211 genetically related Pima Indians living different lifestyles (224 from Mexico and 887 from U.S.). Subsets of these populations were used to address specific questions. First, differences in insulin resistance between subjects with normal glucose tolerance (194 Mexican versus 449 U.S. Pima) were evaluated. Second, the effect of physical activity and obesity explaining differences in metabolic syndrome prevalence were evaluated in 224 and 447 Mexican and U.S. Pima Indians. Third, factors associated with type 2 diabetes were evaluated in each Pima Indian population (224 from Mexico and 887 from U.S.).Methods. Demographic, physical, biochemical, and lifestyle factors were measured in 1996 in a cross-sectional study of Pima Indians 20 years of age or older living in Maycoba, Sonora Mexico and contrasted to results from a sample of U.S. Pima Indians participating in an ongoing epidemiological study that used similar methods and selection criteria. Insulin resistance was estimated by both fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Metabolic syndrome was defined using the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP III) criteria. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weigh in kilograms by the square of height in meters (Kg/m2). Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire developed for the U.S. Pima Indians and adapted to the Mexican Pima Indian population. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the 1999 WHO criteria after an oral glucose tolerance test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to answer the first question (related to differences in insulin resistance) and multiple logistic regressions analysis to answer the second (related with differences in metabolic syndrome) and third questions (related to factors associated with type 2 diabetes).Results. Insulin resistance was much lower in the Mexican Pima Indians than in genetically related U.S. counterparts, even after controlling for differences in obesity, age and sex. In addition, the unadjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24.1% and 56.6 % in the Mexican and U.S. Pima Indians, respectively. However, most of the difference in metabolic syndrome prevalence was explained by differences in obesity and physical activity. Furthermore, in Mexican Pima Indians, type 2 diabetes was independently associated with age, fasting insulin, and waist circumference. In the U.S. Pima Indians, type 2 diabetes was associated with with age, sex, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, blood pressure and physical activity.Conclusion. The findings underscore the importance of lifestyle in the prevention of type 2 diabetes risk factors, such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, even in individuals with high propensity to develop diabetes.
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Baker, Frank W. Jr. "Mental Toughness: Effect on Factors Associated with Injury and Illness in Adolescent Athletes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407271208.
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Farstad, Ingunn. "Association of chronic pain and fibromyalgia with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome: the Norwegian HUNT study." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bevegelsesvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13163.
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Background: Chronic pain is a common condition, affecting a high percentage of the population. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue and tenderness at specific anatomical locations (tender points), which affects more women than men. Chronic widespread pain has recently been associated with increased risk of mortality, and especially to death from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore if people who reported chronic pain or FM had more unfavourable levels of cardiovascular risk factors compared to people without pain, and thus a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The effect of number of pain sites and physical activity level was also explored. Methods: The study was based on cross-sectional data from 53 469 persons, 25 392 men and 28 077 women, who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study from 1995 to 1997 (HUNT 2). Levels of cardiovascular risk factors were compared using linear regression, and OR for metabolic syndrome (defined by the ATP III criteria) and the various components were calculated by logistic regression. Results: Men and women with chronic pain and FM had higher waist circumference, body mass index, and triglyceride level, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to those with no pain. Lower values on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed in the pain groups. The odds ratio (OR) for metabolic syndrome among those with chronic pain was 1.05 (95 % confidence interval, 0.98-1.12) in men and 1.18 (1.10-1.26) in women, and among those with FM it was 1.53 (1.14-2.04) in men and 1.66 (1.47-1.88) in women. There was a dose-response association between number of pain sites and the continuous measures of all outcome variables (all p-trends <0.01), except glucose (p-trend= 0.437 for men and 0.209 for women). Physically active persons had more favourable levels on most variables compared to the inactive within each pain group. The combination of FM and inactivity showed the strongest association with metabolic syndrome, with an OR of 2.05 (1.29-3.27) in men and 2.34 (1.95-2.81) in women. Conclusion: In this population-based study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher among women with chronic pain, and among men and women with FM, compared to people without pain. There was a dose-response association between number of pain sites and metabolic syndrome and its components. Physical activity modified some of the observed association between chronic pain/FM and cardiovascular risk factors, resulting in more favourable risk factor levels.
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Engvall, Karin. "A Sociological Approach to Indoor Environment in Dwellings : Risk factors for Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Discomfort." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3506.
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Aderem, Jodi. "The biomechanical risk factors associated with preventing and managing iliotibial band syndrome in runners : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96803.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), an overuse injury, is the second most common running injury and the main cause of lateral knee pain in runners. Due to the increasing number of runners worldwide there has been an increase in its occurrence. Runners with ITBS typically experience symptoms just after heel strike at approximately 20°-30° of knee flexion (impingement zone) during the stance phase of running. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors may be responsible for why some runners are more prone to developing symptoms during the impingement zone as opposed to others. Abnormalities in running biomechanics is an intrinsic risk factor which has been most extensively described in literature but little is known about its exact relationship to ITBS. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an up to date evidence synthesis of the biomechanical risk factors associated with ITBS. These risk factors may need to be considered in the prevention or management of ITBS in runners. A clinical algorithm is also presented. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, PEDro, SPORTSDisc and Scopus of literature published up-until May 2014. Cross-sectional and cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the lower limb biomechanics of runners with ITBS or those who went onto developing it. All studies included in the review were methodologically appraised. Evidence was graded according to the level of evidence, consistency of evidence and the clinical impact. Data was described narratively using tables or narrative summaries where appropriate. A meta-analysis was conducted for biomechanical risk factors which were reported in at least two studies, provided that homogeneity in the outcomes and samples were present. Results: A total of 11 studies were included (1 prospective and 10 cross-sectional). Overall the methodological score of the studies was moderate. Increased peak hip adduction and knee internal rotation during the stance phase may predict the development of ITBS in female runners. These biomechanical risk factors may need to be screened for ITBS prevention, despite the evidence base being limited to a single study. Currently there is no conclusive evidence that any of the biomechanical parameters need to be considered when managing runners with ITBS. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii Conclusion: Biomechanical differences may exist between runners with ITBS and those who may develop ITBS compared to healthy runners. Although a large variety of biomechanical risk factors were evaluated, the evidence base for screening or managing these risk factors for runners with ITBS is limited. This is due to a small evidence base, small clinical effect and heterogeneity between study outcomes and findings. Further prospective and cross-sectional research is required to ascertain if abnormalities in running biomechanics may be related to why runners develop ITBS or to ascertain which risk factors may be involved when managing these runners.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Iliotibiale-band-sindroom (ITBS), ’n besering vanweë oormatige gebruik, is die tweede algemeenste hardloopbesering en die hoofoorsaak van laterale kniepyn by hardlopers. Namate die getal hardlopers wêreldwyd toeneem, neem die voorkoms van hierdie toestand ook toe. Hardlopers met ITBS ervaar tipies simptome ná die hakslag met die knie ongeveer 20-30° gebuig (die wrywingsone of “impingement zone”) gedurende die staanfase van hardloop. Verskeie intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke risikofaktore kan ’n rol speel in waarom sommige hardlopers meer geneig is as ander om gedurende die wrywingsone simptome te ervaar. Abnormaliteite in hardloopbiomeganika is ’n intrinsieke risikofaktor wat reeds omvattend in die literatuur beskryf is. Tog is weinig bekend oor presies hoe dit met ITBS verband hou. Oogmerke: Die doel van hierdie stelselmatige ondersoek was om ’n sintese te bied van die jongste bewyse van die biomeganiese risikofaktore van ITBS. Hierdie risikofaktore kan dalk oorweeg word om ITBS by hardlopers te voorkom of te bestuur. ’n Kliniese algoritme word ook aangebied. Metodes: ’n Stelselmatige ondersoek is met behulp van meta-ontleding onderneem. PubMed, PEDro, SPORTSDisc en Scopus is elektronies deurgesoek vir literatuur wat tot en met Mei 2014 verskyn het. Deursnee en kohortstudies is ingesluit indien dit gehandel het oor die biomeganika in die onderste ledemate van hardlopers wat ITBS het of later ontwikkel het. Alle studies wat deel was van die ondersoek is metodologies geëvalueer. Bewyse is aan die hand van bewysvlak, bewyskonsekwentheid en kliniese impak beoordeel. Data is narratief beskryf met behulp van tabelle of narratiewe opsommings waar dit toepaslik was. ’n Meta-ontleding is onderneem waar biomeganiese risikofaktore in minstens twee studies aangemeld is, mits daar homogeniteit in die uitkomste sowel as die steekproewe was. Resultate: Altesaam 11 studies is ingesluit (een prospektief en tien deursnee). Die metodologiese telling van die studies was oorwegend gemiddeld. Verhoogde spitsheupadduksie en interne knierotasie gedurende die staanfase kan op die ontwikkeling van ITBS by vrouehardlopers dui. Hierdie biomeganiese risikofaktore kan dalk nagegaan word vir ITBS-voorkoming, al was die bewysbasis beperk tot ’n enkele studie. Daar is tans geen afdoende bewys dat enige van die biomeganiese parameters oorweeg behoort te word in die bestuur van langafstandatlete met ITBS nie. Gevolgtrekking: Daar bestaan dalk biomeganiese verskille tussen hardlopers wat ITBS het of kan ontwikkel en gesonde hardlopers. Hoewel ’n groot verskeidenheid biomeganiese risikofaktore beoordeel is, is die bewysbasis vir die toets of bestuur daarvan by atlete met ITBS beperk. Dít is vanweë die klein hoeveelheid bewyse, die klein kliniese impak, en heterogeniteit tussen studie-uitkomste en bevindinge. Verdere prospektiewe en deursneenavorsing word vereis om te bepaal of abnormaliteite in hardloopbiomeganika ’n rol kan speel in waarom langafstandhardlopers ITBS ontwikkel, of om vas te stel watter risikofaktore ter sprake kan wees in die bestuur van hierdie hardlopers.
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McCarthy, Jane Mary. "The mental health of young people with Down syndrome : adult outcome, early risk factors and specialist services." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423024.
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Pöykkö, S. (Seppo). "Ghrelin, metabolic risk factors and carotid artery atherosclerosis." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514276566.
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Abstract The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the consequent cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerotic diseases and type 2 diabetes, are a cause of public concern worldwide. This development has stimulated an active search for novel risk factors and new candidate genes. The hormones regulating energy balance and the polymorphisms associated with them are of special interest as potential risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Ghrelin is a novel peptide hormone from stomach with strong growth hormone releasing activity. It is also able to modify glucose and insulin metabolism, blood pressure levels, cardiac function, adipogenesis and inflammatory processes in experimental conditions. Whether ghrelin and ghrelin gene variations have a role in the development of metabolic syndrome and the associated diseases, is not known. In the present study, the associations between fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations, ghrelin gene mutations (Arg51Gln and Leu72Met), features of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and carotid artery atherosclerosis were analysed. In addition, the relationship between ghrelin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations was studied. The study population consisted of 1045 middle-aged subjects of the hypertensive and the control cohorts of the OPERA project from the City of Oulu, Finland. Low ghrelin concentrations were found to be associated with several components of metabolic syndrome: adiposity, low HDL cholesterol levels, high insulin concentrations and high blood pressure levels. The prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes was increased amongst the subjects with low ghrelin concentrations. Out of the individual factors tested, IGF-I concentration was the most significant predictor of ghrelin concentrations. This negative association was strongest in the subjects with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which suggests that changes in ghrelin/IGF-I interactions might be involved in the development of these conditions. The subjects with the Gln51 allele of the ghrelin gene had lower ghrelin concentrations and, consistent with the findings mentioned above, higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension compared with the subjects homozygous for the Arg51 allele. No correlation between ghrelin and C-reactive protein concentrations was seen. However, there was a positive association between ghrelin concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness. This association was independent of the commonly recognised risk factors of atherosclerosis and was only seen in men, who also had more advanced atherosclerosis than women. These observations call for further studies to clarify the potential causative role of ghrelin in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasesTiivistelmä Metaboliseen oireyhtymään liittyy kohonnut riski sairastua sydän- ja verisuonisairauksiin kuten tyypin 2 diabetekseen ja sepelvaltimotautiin. Metabolisen oireyhtymän nopea esiintyvyyden kasvu on johtanut aktiiviseen uusien riskitekijöiden etsintään. Erityisen kiinnostuksen kohteena ovat olleet energia-aineenvaihduntaa säätelevät hormonit ja niihin liittyvät polymorfiat. Greliini on ensisijaisesti vatsalaukusta erittyvä hormoni, joka lisää voimakkaasti kasvuhormonin eritystä. Koeolosuhteissa sillä on myös vaikutuksia sokeriaineenvaihduntaan, verenpaineeseen, sydämen toimintaan, rasvakudoksen kehittymiseen ja tulehduksellisiin tapahtumiin, minkä perusteella on syytä epäillä greliinillä olevan osuutta metabolisen oireyhtymän ja siihen liittyvien sairauksien synnyssä. Tässä tutkimuksessa selviteltiin greliinin paastoplasmapitoisuuksien ja greliinipolymorfioiden (Arg51Gln ja Leu72Met) yhteyksiä metabolisen oireyhtymän piirteisiin, tyypin 2 diabetekseen ja kaulavaltimoiden ateroskleroosiin. Lisäksi tutkittiin greliinin ja insuliinin kaltaisen kasvutekijän (IGF-I) pitoisuuksien yhteyksiä. Tutkimusväestö koostui 1045 oululaisesta keski-ikäisestä OPERA tutkimukseen kuuluvasta henkilöstä. Tutkimuksessa matalien greliinipitoisuuksien havaittiin olevan yhteydessä useisiin metabolisen oireyhtymän piirteisiin: lihavuuteen, alhaisiin HDL kolesterolin pitoisuuksiin, korkeisiin insuliinipitoisuuksiin ja kohonneeseen verenpaineeseen. Matala greliinipitoisuus yhdistyi myös tyypin 2 diabeteksen ja verenpainetaudin esiintyvyyteen. Tutkituista tekijöistä IGF-I -pitoisuudet selittivät parhaiten greliinipitoisuuksia. Tämä käänteinen yhteys oli erityisen vahva tyypin 2 diabeetikoilla ja insuliiniresistenteillä henkilöillä viitaten greliinin ja IGF-I:n mahdollisen vuorovaikutukseen liittyvän näiden tilojen kehittymiseen. Lisäksi havaittiin, että greliinigeenin Gln51-alleelia kantavien henkilöiden greliinipitoisuudet olivat alhaiset, ja että he sairastivat enemmän diabetesta ja verenpainetautia kuin henkilöt jotka olivat homotsygootteja Arg51-alleelin suhteen. Greliinipitoisuudet ja C-reaktiivisen proteiinin pitoisuudet eivät korreloineet keskenään. Kaulavaltimon seinämäpaksuus korreloi positiivisesti greliinipitoisuuksien kanssa miehillä riippumatta perinteisistä ateroskleroosin riskitekijöistä. Tutkimustulokset tukevat olettamusta, että greliinillä saattaa olla merkitystä metabolisen oireyhtymän, tyypin 2 diabeteksen ja ateroskleroosin kehittymisessä. Jatkotutkimukset ovat tarpeen tämän yhteyden osoittamiseksi
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Hjälm, Sören. "Utbrändhet och återhämtning bland elitfotbollstränare." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-33835.
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Only a small number of studies dealing with burnout among coaches have been published, and none of these have dealt with burnout among elite soccer coaches in a European context. This thesis – investigating both the burnout and recovery process – includes a longitudinal design spanning ten years. Out of 53 head coaches, from elite soccer teams in Sweden, 47 participated in study 1. Results showed that burnout scores assessed by Maslachs Burnout Inventory (MBI) were generally low, but coaches in women’s premier league showed significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion than coaches in men’s soccer teams. A sub-sample of these 47 coaches was interviewed for study 2, namely those 8 reporting the highest MBI scores. Characteristics of the elite coach professions personality traits and the allover life situation of the coach were identified as risk factors for developing burnout, as well as some retention factors, risking to create detention effects which might worsen the stress levels of the coach. In study 3 and 4, the burnout and recovery processes were examined, respectively. On the basis of descriptions from the coaches, three separate phases are discerned from the burnout process: a phase of restlessness and annoyance, a fatigue phase and finally a phase of exhaustion and burnout, while it is possible to make out four phases in the recovery process: a wake-up process, a phase removing one-self, a phase of reflection and evaluation, and finally a phase of new-orienting one-self. Study 5 revealed that both energy cost reducing strategies and energy boosting activities, were used by the coaches to prevent burnout. Study 6 showed that lack of sufficient recovery periods inhibited a lowering of the burnout levels, but also that lack of adequate coping strategies slowed the recovery process and also that coaches who have experienced burnout have an impaired professional efficiency. Finally, the focus in study 7 was on longterm consequences of burning out. Increased fatigue, diseases, cognitive impairment and a lower stress tolerance were examples of negative consequences, whereas an improved ability to identify stress causes and an enhanced awareness about one’s stress reactions, as well as to reflect and prioritize health, were examples of positive and favourable consequences. It is also urgent that elite clubs strive to create a good psycho-social work environment, which will function as a buffer against stress.
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Ussery, Christopher Lee. "Impact of Family Focused Diabetes Intervention on Metabolic Risk Factors in 9 to 12 Year Old Youth." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613416.
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In the United States, approximately 1 in 3 children are overweight, and 1 in 5 obese, conditions associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. Treatment of type 2 diabetes is costly and not always effective, thus, prevention offers the best course of "treatment." However, few diabetes prevention programs are accessible to at-risk children, or involve their caregivers. The E.P.I.C. Kids study is a family-focused community-based diabetes prevention program developed in partnership with the YMCA of Southern Arizona, targeting 9-12-yr-olds at risk of diabetes, and led by YMCA lifestyle coaches. In this 12-week pilot study, we assessed the metabolic risk of participants and investigated changes in metabolic biomarkers following the intervention.
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Van, Zyl Johet Engela. "Accuracy of risk prediction tools for acute coronary syndrome : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97069.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Coronary artery disease is a form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which manifests itself in three ways: angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome and cardiac death. Thirty-three people die daily of a myocardial infarction (cardiac death) and 7.5 million deaths annually are caused by CVD (51% from strokes and 45% from coronary artery disease) worldwide. Globally, the CVD death rate is a mere 4% compared to South Africa which has a 42% death rate. It is predicted that by the year 2030 there will be 25 million deaths annually from CVD, mainly in the form of strokes and heart disease. The WHO compared the death rates of high-income countries to those of low- and middle-income countries, like South Africa, and the results show that CVD deaths are declining in high-income countries but rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Although there are several risk prediction tools in use worldwide, to predict ischemic risk, South Africa does not use any of these tools. Current practice in South Africa to diagnose acute coronary syndrome is the use of a physical examination, ECG changes and positive serum cardiac maker levels. Internationally the same practice is used to diagnose acute coronary syndrome but risk assessment tools are used additionally to this practise because of limitations of the ECG and serum cardiac markers when it comes to NSTE-ACS. Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically appraise evidence on the accuracy of acute coronary syndrome risk prediction tools in adults. Methods: An extensive literature search of studies published in English was undertaken. Electronic databases searched were Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. Other sources were also searched, and cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials were reviewed. All articles were screened for methodological quality by two reviewers independently with the QUADAS-2 tool which is a standardised instrument. Data was extracted using an adapted Cochrane data extraction tool. Data was entered in Review Manager 5.2 software for analysis. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each risk score and an SROC curve was created. This curve was used to evaluate and compare the prediction accuracy of each test. Results: A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. Two HEART studies and three GRACE studies were included. In all, 9 092 patients participated in the selected studies. Estimates of sensitivity for the HEART risks score (two studies, 3268 participants) were 0,51 (95% CI 0,46 to 0,56) and 0,68 (95% CI 0,60 to 0,75); specificity for the HEART risks score was 0,90 (95% CI 0,88 to 0,91) and 0,92 (95% CI 0,90 to 0,94). Estimates of sensitivity for the GRACE risk score (three studies, 5824 participants) were 0,03 (95% CI0,01 to 0,05); 0,20 (95% CI 0,14 to 0,29) and 0,79 (95% CI 0,58 to 0,93). The specificity was 1,00 (95% CI 0,99 to 1,00); 0,97 (95% CI 0,95 to 0,98) and 0,78 (95% CI 0,73 to 0,82). On the SROC curve analysis, there was a trend for the GRACE risk score to perform better than the HEART risk score in predicting acute coronary syndrome in adults. Conclusion: Both risk scores showed that they had value in accurately predicting the presence of acute coronary syndrome in adults. The GRACE showed a positive trend towards better prediction ability than the HEART risk score.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Koronêre bloedvatsiekte is ‘n vorm van kardiovaskulêre siekte. Koronêre hartsiekte manifesteer in drie maniere: angina pectoris, akute koronêre sindroom en hartdood. Drie-en-dertig mense sterf daagliks aan ‘n miokardiale infarksie (hartdood). Daar is 7,5 miljoen sterftes jaarliks as gevolg van kardiovaskulêre siektes (51% deur beroertes en 45% as gevolg van koronêre hartsiektes) wêreldwyd. Globaal is die sterfte syfer as gevolg van koronêre vaskulêre siekte net 4% in vergelyking met Suid Afrika, wat ‘n 42% sterfte syfer het. Dit word voorspel dat teen die jaar 2030 daar 25 miljoen sterfgevalle jaarliks sal wees, meestal toegeskryf aan kardiovaskulêre siektes. Die hoof oorsaak van sterfgevalle sal toegeskryf word aan beroertes en hart siektes. Die WHO het die sterf gevalle van hoeinkoms lande vergelyk met die van lae- en middel-inkoms lande, soos Suid Afrika, en die resultate het bewys dat sterf gevalle as gevolg van kardiovaskulêre siekte is besig om te daal in hoe-inkoms lande maar dit is besig om skerp te styg in lae- en middel-inkoms lande. Daar is verskeie risiko-voorspelling instrumente wat wêreldwyd gebruik word om isgemiese risiko te voorspel, maar Suid Afrika gebruik geen van die risiko-voorspelling instrumente nie. Huidiglik word akute koronêre sindroom gediagnoseer met die gebruik van n fisiese ondersoek, EKG verandering en positiewe serum kardiale merkers. Internationaal word die selfde gebruik maar risiko-voorspelling instrumente word aditioneel by gebruik omdat daar limitasies is met EKG en serum kardiale merkers as dit by NSTE-ACS kom. Doelwit: Die doel van hierdie sisematiese literatuuroorsig was om stelselmatig die bewyse te evalueer oor die akkuraatheid van akute koronêre sindroom risiko-voorspelling instrumente vir volwassenes. Metodes: 'n Uitgebreide literatuursoektog van studies wat in Engels gepubliseer is was onderneem. Cochrane biblioteek, MEDLINE, Embase en CINAHL databases was deursoek. Ander bronne is ook deursoek. Die tiepe studies ingesluit was deurnsee-studies, kohortstudies en verewekansigde gekontroleerde studies. Alle artikels is onafhanklik vir die metodologiese kwaliteit gekeur deur twee beoordeelaars met die gebruik van die QUADAS-2 instrument, ‘n gestandaardiseerde instrument. ‘n Aangepaste Cochrane data instrument is gebruik om data te onttrek. Data is opgeneem in Review Manager 5.2 sagteware vir ontleding. Sensitiwiteit en spesifisiteit is bereken vir elke risiko instrument en ‘n SROC kurwe is geskep. Die SROC kurwe is gebruik om die akkuraatheid van voorspelling van elke instrument te evalueer en te toets. Resultate: Twee HEART studies en drie GRACE studies is ingesluit. In total was daar 9 092 patiente wat deelgeneeem het in die gekose studies. Skattings van sensitiwiteit vir die HEART risiko instrument (twee studies, 3268 deelnemers) was 0,51 (95% CI 0,47 to 0,56) en 0,68 (95% CI 0,60 to 0,75) spesifisiteit vir die HEART risiko instrument was 0,89 (95% CI 0,88 to 0,91) en 0,92 (95% CI 0,90 to 0,94). Skattings van sensitiwiteit vir die GRACE risiko instrument (drie studies, 5824 deelnemers) was 0,28 (95% CI 0,13 to 0,53); 0,20 (95% CI 0,14 to 0,29) en 0,79 (95% CI 0,58 to 0,93). Die spesifisiteit vir die GRACE risiko instrument was 0,97 (95% CI 0,95 to 0,99); 0,97 (95% CI 0,95 to 0,98) en 0,78 (95% CI 0,73 to 0,82). Met die SROC kurwe ontleding was daar ‘n tendens vir die GRACE risiko instrument om beter te vaar as die HEART risiko instrument in die voorspelling van akute koronêre sindroom in volwassenes. Gevolgtrekking: Altwee risiko instrumente toon aan dat albei instrumente van waarde is. Albei het die vermoë om die teenwoordigheid van akute koronêre sindroom in volwassenes te voorspel. Die GRACE toon ‘n positiewe tendens teenoor beter voorspelling vermoë as die HEART risiko instrument.
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McCook, Judy G., Stacey Williams, Sheeba Anand, Beth Bailey, and Samuel Thatcher. "Risk Factors for Psychological Distress and Impaired Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Nursing Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7185.
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Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multidimensional endocrine disorder and the leading female infertility. PCOS is characterized as a clustering of clinical concerns, which include hyperandrogenism, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities/infertility. These characteristics were examined with regard to their impact on women's psychosocial concerns and health related quality of life. Design: Cross-sectional, correlational Setting: Private endocrinology practice in the rural Southeastern U.S. Participants: The study sample consisted of 126 women with PCOS. Methods: Convenience sampling yielded 126 subjects who met the diagnosis for PCOS, underwent laboratory testing and physical assessment, completed psychological and quality of life survey instruments and were included in data analysis. Results: Results of multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic covariates, were completed on markers of hyperandrogenism, obesity and current fertility intent. Findings revealed hirsutism was significantly related to increased symptoms of anxiety and somatization and decreased quality of life among women with PCOS, while elevated androgen levels were significantly related to decreased quality of life. Current fertility intent significantly impacted symptoms related to interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, psychoticism, and the global symptom severity index. Specifically, women not currently trying to conceive had higher levels of these psychological symptom outcomes. Conclusion/Implications for nursing practice: Women with PCOS are at elevated risk for psychological distress, and psychological symptoms appear to increase with increasing severity of PCOS symptoms. Women not currently trying to conceive appear to be at higher risk for psychological distress and lower quality of life.
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Sherrock, Kaitlyn. "Analysis of Potential Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in a Pediatric Population Comparing Normal Weight and Overweight Subjects." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338495751.
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Mikkola, I. (Ilona). "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition, physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors during military service." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295577.
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Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors. It predicts the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, which are major public health concerns. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are the predominant underlying factors of MetS, other diagnostic components being elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol. The most important treatment of MetS is through lifestyle changes. There are limited data concerning the prevalence of MetS among young populations. Furthermore, even though the effects of physical activity on MetS components are well established at an individual basis and in some subpopulations, large population-based data about associations of young men’s fitness and MetS-related cardiometabolic risk factor changes are warranted. In Finland, military service is compulsory for males. In 2005, 1,160 young men (mean age 19.2 years, range 18–28 years) were followed throughout their military service (6–12 months) in the Sodankylä Jaeger Brigade. The military service period includes high amounts of physical exercise, but no dietary restrictions. Physical fitness, anthropometrics, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at the beginning and at the end of military service. Among the entire study population, the prevalence of MetS was 3.5–6.8 %, depending on the definition used, and increased in parallel with an increasing body mass index. On the average, the military training period resulted in a decrease in body weight and amount of fat tissue, especially visceral fat, and improved physical fitness. Body composition and fitness improvements were more pronounced in overweight and obese service men. Beneficial changes in body composition and related cardiovascular risk factor improvements were associated with increased physical fitness, especially aerobic fitness. This study indicates that an improvement in physical fitness is related to improvements in body fat distribution and cardiovascular health at population level in young men. This is an age when co-morbidities are usually as yet non-existing, but might be most efficiently prevented by lifestyle changes, such as becoming physically activeTiivistelmä Metabolinen oireyhtymä on tyypin 2 diabeteksen ja valtimosairauksien riskitekijäryväs. Sen osatekijöitä vyötärölihavuuden lisäksi ovat kohonnut verenpaine, insuliiniresistenssi, korkea veren triglyseridipitoisuus ja HDL-kolesterolin pitoisuus. Viime vuosina metabolinen oireyhtymä on yleistynyt lihavuuden lisääntymisen myötä. Lihavuuden ja sen liitännäissairauksien tärkeimpiä hoitokeinoja ovat laihtumiseen tähtäävät elintapamuutokset. Liikunnan tiedetään johtavan edullisiin kehonkoostumusmuutoksiin sekä kardiovaskulaaririskitekijöiden parantumiseen. Laajat väestötason tutkimukset nuorten aikuisten kunnon ja varhaisten valtimosairausriskitekijöitten muutosten välisistä yhteyksistä kuitenkin puuttuvat. Varusmiespalvelus tarjoaa ainutlaatuisen mahdollisuuden tarkastella nuoria miehiä laajassa, lähes valikoitumattomassa väestöotoksessa, sillä Suomessa varusmiespalvelus on pakollinen kaikille miehille. Vuonna 2005 1160 miestä (keski-ikä 19,2 vuotta, vaihteluväli 18–28 vuotta) astui palvelukseen Sodankylän jääkäriprikaatissa. Kehonkoostumus, fyysinen kunto, antropometria sekä veren rasva-arvot mitattiin varusmiespalveluksen (6–12 kk) alussa ja lopussa. Metabolisen oireyhtymän vallitsevuus oli 3,5–6,8 % käytetystä määritelmästä riippuen. Se oli yleisempi korkeimmissa painoindeksiluokissa. Keskimäärin koko aineistossa varusmiesten paino laski, kehon rasvan määrä väheni ja kunto parani palvelusaikana. Edulliset muutokset fyysisessä kunnossa ja kehon koostumuksessa korostuivat ylipainoisilla ja lihavilla varusmiehillä. Nämä muutokset, erityisesti painon ja sisälmysrasvan väheneminen, olivat yhteydessä kestävyyskunnon paranemiseen. Vastaavasti kardiovaskulaaririskitekijöiden edulliset muutokset olivat yhteydessä erityisesti kestävyyskunnon paranemiseen ja vyötärölihavuuden vähenemiseen. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että nuorten miesten valtimosairauksien riskitekijöiden muutos on yhteydessä fyysisen kunnon nousuun. Nuoret miehet tulee saada lisäämään vapaa-ajan liikuntaa myös siviilielämässä. Keski-iässä yleistyvät valtimosairaudet ja diabetes voisivat olla huomattavissa määrin torjuttavissa vaikuttamalla nuorten miesten liikuntatottumuksiin
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Shultz, Jennifer M. "Effects of sex steroids and diet on adipose distribution and cardiovascular disease risk factors /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6592.
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Rao, Deepa Prema. "Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease in Canada: The Role of Material, Psychosocial, and Behavioural Factors." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34416.
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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk condition describing a clustering of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. A number of risk and protective factors have been associated with MetS, and individuals with MetS are at a higher risk for developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Objective: To contribute to the understanding of MetS in Canada, and to describe how it is a risk state through which material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors associate with chronic diseases. This was examined through three objectives: (i) to describe the prevalence and distribution of MetS; (ii) to examine potential pathways linking income and education with MetS; and (iii) to examine the interplay between non-movement behaviours (NMBs, namely sleep, screen time, and sedentary behaviour) and MetS.
Methods: The Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009, 2009-2011, ages 18 and older) was used for all analyses, which include logistic regression, multinomial regression, and calculation of standardized logit coefficients.
Results: MetS was prevalent among approximately 20% of Canadian adults. It was significantly associated with chronic diseases, such as diabetes (11.2% vs. 3.4% among those with MetS vs. the general population). A social gradient in MetS was identified, and the behavioural risk factors of alcohol use, smoking, physical inactivity, and screen time were suggested to be partial mediators of this pathway. Findings demonstrated that not adhering to physical activity guidelines (150 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) was associated with increased odds of MetS. A stepwise moderating effect of guideline adherence on screen time and sleep behaviours was demonstrated.
Conclusion: MetS is prevalent in Canadian adults, and a high proportion of individuals with MetS have chronic conditions. Addressing the modifiable determinants of physical inactivity, excess screen time, alcohol consumption, and smoking may reduce the social gradient in MetS. Furthermore, adhering to physical activity guidelines may mitigate the associations of NMBs with MetS. The current thesis suggests that healthy behaviours are associated with lower risk for MetS, and therefore, possibly for future chronic disease.
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Pease, Anna Susan. "Factors influencing infant care practices in the sleep environment among families at high risk of sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702488.
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Introduction. Advice for reducing the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) by modifying the infant sleep environment has led to significant reductions in the number of babies who die. The highest burden of SIDS now lies with the most deprived families in society, where rates remain higher than in the general population. This thesis employed a mixed methods approach to examine knowledge and attitudes to SIDS risk reduction advice and explore the factors that influence decision making for the infant sleep environment among families most at risk. Methods. The four parts to this programme of work included: 1) A systematic review of the literature to reveal how mothers' knowledge of SIDS risk reduction has been measured and provide a suitable tool for use in a quantitative survey. 2) An analysis of longitudinal postal questionnaires from birth to late infancy to assess whether a high risk scoring system for SIDS based on routine demographics identifies risky infant care practices. 3) A quantitative survey of mothers recruited from health visitor-led clinics in deprived areas of Bristol, UK to measure mothers' knowledge and attitudes to SIDS advice. 4) A qualitative survey using home interviews with mothers of infants at higher risk of SIDS to determine decision making processes for the infant sleep environment. Results. The systematic review screened over 3000 papers and uncovered a useful tool for measuring knowledge of SIDS risks. The analysis of 591 postal questionnaires found that a scoring system of demographic characteristics can pick up on differences in infant care for a higher risk group, especially sleeping position and breastfeeding. The face-to-face survey with 400 mothers found poorer knowledge of SIDS risks in a higher risk group using the same scoring system and home interviews with 20 mothers most at risk gave insights into the complex challenges of night time infant care for this group. The interviews suggested that mothers are influenced by family and friends, their own self-efficacy, beliefs they hold about infant safety and care and their perceived barriers to following the recommended advice. Conclusions. This work confirms that families at higher risk for SIDS have poorer knowledge of the risk factors and are more likely to engage in sleep practices that may put their infants at further risk of SIDS. It also confirms that decision-making for infant care is interconnected with social contexts and psychological constructs that can help or hinder when it comes to safe sleep. Where good reasons for following advice were lacking, mothers would fill in the blanks with their own interpretations that risk supporting unsafe sleep decisions. Interventions that target groups of parents where the risks of SIDS are higher, need to consider social influences, beliefs and understanding behind the safer sleep messages if they are to be effective and engage this group in change.
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Papíková, Zuzana. "Syndrom vyhoření." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324145.
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This master's thesis is concerned with the issue of burnout syndrome. Based on the survey of professional literature, its main aim is to clarify the essence of burnout syndrome and factors leading to its occurence. It focuses on the possibilities of diagnosis, prevention and active approach leading to the elimination of burnout syndrome. The empirical part of the thesis examines how employees in a particular company dealing with fast moving goods production and sale experience burnout syndrome. On the basis of the research findings, main risk factors of burnout syndrome emergence among company's employees were identified and preventive steps leading to the elimination of its occurence.
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ZICHOVÁ, Eliška. "Příznaky syndromu vyhoření u pracovníků přímé obslužné péče." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317936.
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This dissertation was focused on burnout syndrome among the staff of direct service care. The degree of burnout was estimated using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory questionnaire which was completed by the respondents from six Prague homes for seniors. The burnout incidence in this group was 30-45 %, whereas it was only 18-32 % among Czech Army employees who were studied for comparison. The staff of direct service care had significantly higher degree of personal, work-related, client-related and total burnout than army employees. Further aim was to verify whether supervision leads to lowered incidence of burnout symptoms. However, this study did not reveal any improvement of burnout degree in homes for seniors in which supervision was installed. When searching for most frequent reasons of profession change among the staff of direct service care, it was demonstrated that respondents with higher burnout degree were looking especially for less stressing work. Practice length was only of borderline importance for the severity of burnout syndrome, while age or education had no significant influence on this syndrome among the staff of direct service care. In conclusion, this study confirmed the importance of respondent relation to their job, which was inversely proportional to their burnout degree. The respondents looking for less stressing work had higher degree of burnout than those who searched for other qualities of their future job. This important difference was demonstrated in all groups examined. On the contrary, those who found their realization in their work were less burned out than those who did not consider work as their mission. These findings are in agreement with the idea that the pronounced job engagement represents a definite protection against work exhaustion and burnout.
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Huang, Lan-Ya, and 黃蘭雅. "Risk factors for Dementia in Down syndrome." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54225985401574473028.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
分子醫學研究所
104
Background Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common mental retardation chromosomal disorder in Taiwan. Even though our healthcare system encourages Down syndrome screen，there is still a number of babies with DS delivered. DS babies will have be problems congenital anomalies and need to be paid more attention in education. When turning into adulthoods, early degeneration is a major concern, such as dementia. The cause of dementia in DS is not well delineated. In this study, we would like to evaluate the role of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in DS with dementia. Method We compared the percentage of several SNPs in DS with and without dementia, including 12 SNPs in APOE、ESR2、CYP17 and CYP19 genes (rs405509, rs429358, rs7412, rs17766755,rs4365213, rs12435857, rs4986938, rs6163,rs3740397,rs10786712,rs743572, and rs1870049). ABDQ (Adaptive Behaviour Dementia Questionnaire) scores, age, sex, IQ, and behavior problems were also analyzed. Result Total 23 DS subjects and 49 healthy subjects were analyzed. The dementia in DS is positively correlated with behavioral problems, IQ, ABDQ scores (p<0.001). In addition, APOE
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PAN, YI-CHUN, and 潘怡君. "Occupational burnout and risk factors in a food manufacturing factory." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hzp44j.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
護理學系碩士班
106
Background: It is a significant issue about the negative effects of occupational burnout on workers’ health. The purpose of this study is to explore the occupational burnout and risk factors in a food manufacturing factory, and to provide information for reference. Method: It is a cross-sectional design. The study recruited 230 Taiwanese employees who had been employed for more than 3 months at a food manufacturing factory in Southern Taiwan. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Result: A total of 230 workers were invited to participate in our study, and 202 workers agreed to join the study. In total, 188 subjects completed the questionnaire (completed rate was 93.1%). Most of the subjects were female (53.7%), aged 30 or older (75.5%), with the educational level of junior college or higher (61.2%). 54.3% workers had married, and had no chronic diseases (84.6%). 77.1% workers whose salary was 20001 or higher NTS per month. 61.2% workers were technicians, 89.9% worked on a fixed shift, and 66.0% had more than 5 years work experience. 50.5% subjects worked overtime as an ordinary / occasional in current half year. The scores of overall occupational burnout, personal burnout, work-related burnout, client-related burnout, and over-commitment were 41.6, 48.7, 43.8, 31.6 and 45.1, respectively. High psychological demand and high physical demand were the risk factors of overall occupational burnout. Personal burnout was related to shift work, high psychological demand, low social support, and high physical demand. Shift work, high psychological demand, low workplace justice, and low social support were the risk factors of work-related burnout. Client-related burnout related to high physical demand. Over-commitment related to more than 5-years work experience, high job control, and high psychological demand. Conclusion: The occupational burnout of the study subjects was higher than the whole food manufacturing and non-specific industries. Furthermore, the personal burnout was the highest than other specific burnout. In a nutshell, working characteristics (such as shift work, overtime, high emotional and physical demand) but not personal characteristics were the risk factors of occupational burnout. However, there was variance in different filed of burnout. Hence, we should control the risk factors to reduce the negative effect of burnout in future.
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Oliveira, Cláudia Patrícia Lourenço. "Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - Risk Factors and Predictors of Severity." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105057.
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