Relevant bibliographies by topics / Burnt bones

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Burnt bones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Burnt bones"

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Uzair, Anum, Nouman Rasool, and Muhammad Wasim. "Evaluation of different methods for DNA extraction from human burnt bones and the generation of genetic profiles for identification." Medicine, Science and the Law 57, no. 4 (August 18, 2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802417723808.

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Bone exposure to heat in the presence of moisture breaks the phosphodiester bonds of the backbone, leaving sheared DNA in bone cells. This also limits the possibility of generating a complete profile of the victim. With the increasing incidence of fire outbreaks over the past few years, a paradigm shift to establish identity has been observed, from morphological identification of victims to STR profiling. For this study, 10 bone samples were taken from burnt human bodies that were recovered from different fire outbreak scenes. The DNA from these burnt human tissues was isolated using four different extraction methods: the organic extraction method, the total demineralisation method, the Qiagen kit method, and the Chelex extraction method. STR profiles of victims were generated on a genetic analyser using an AmpFlSTR Identifiler® Plus Kit and analysed on Gene Mapper ID-X. DNA isolated from bones using the total demineralisation extraction method and organic extraction method was of the highest quality due to the efficient removal of inhibitors. DNA obtained using these two methods successfully generated the STR profiles of the victims. The quality of isolated DNA obtained through the Qiagen kit was comparatively low, but STR profiles of the victims were successfully generated. The Chelex kit failed to extract good quality DNA of high quantity from the burnt bones, encountering inhibition in all samples at varying degrees. This study concludes that total demineralisation and the Qiagen kit are sophisticated and reliable methods to obtain a good yield of DNA from burnt human bones, which can be used for the identification of victims.
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Gillespie, Richard. "Burnt and Unburnt Carbon: Dating Charcoal and Burnt Bone from the Willandra Lakes, Australia." Radiocarbon 39, no. 3 (1997): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200053236.

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A new analysis of previous results on conflicts between shell and charcoal dates and on burnt human bones, with new data presented here, suggests that alternative interpretations are possible for the archaeology and environmental history of the Willandra Lakes region. Black sediment samples from archaeological sites at Lake Outer Arumpo exhibit wide variation in burnt and unburnt carbon content; high humic acid concentrations in midden layers and in one group of hearth/ovens are absent in another, older, group of hearth/ovens. There are no acceptable results on charcoal from hearth/ovens older than ca. 31 ka bp, and no evidence that these samples are associated with numerous midden shell dates at 34–37 ka bp. Similar logic applied to humic-free residue dates on burnt human bones places five gracile skeletons (including Mungo 1) as post–Last Glacial Maximum.
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Fernández-Jalvo, Yolanda, Laura Tormo, Peter Andrews, and M. Dolores Marin-Monfort. "Taphonomy of burnt bones from Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa)." Quaternary International 495 (November 2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.028.

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Isaakidou, Valasia, Paul Halstead, Jack Davis, and Sharon Stocker. "Burnt animal sacrifice at the Mycenaean ‘Palace of Nestor’, Pylos." Antiquity 76, no. 291 (March 2002): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089833.

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The burnt sacrifice of bare (defleshed) bones, described in Homer's Odyssey and well documented from Archaic and Classical Greece, is now clearly attested by burnt faunal remains from the ‘Palace of Nestor’ at Mycenaean Pylos. This evidance is of great importance for understanding both the historical role of sacrifice in Greek religion and the significance of fensting in Mycenaean palatial society.
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Noy, David. "‘Half-burnt on an Emergency Pyre‘: Roman Cremations which Went Wrong." Greece and Rome 47, no. 2 (October 2000): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gr/47.2.186.

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In an ideal Roman cremation, the body was carried in procession from the house of the deceased to a place outside the city, where it was burnt on a pyre until it was reduced to bones and ashes (cineres or favilla). The pyre should be built specifically for the deceased; having to use someone else's pyre was a sign of poverty, or an emergency procedure. The cremated remains might be buried where they had been burnt, usually in a ditch which was filled in and covered or marked; in this case the tomb was called a bustum. More usually, the cremation was carried out somewhere other than the final resting place, at a spot designated ustrina in Latin literature. This might be within the same tomb-precinct or columbarium, as in many tombs at Ostia, or at a separate public site. The bones and ashes therefore had to be collected up and placed in a container, preferably a specially made and ornamented one (cinerarium, oss(u)arium, olla, urna), to be placed in the tomb. The force of the fire, the raking and collapse of the pyre during burning, and eventual quenching with cold liquid would together normally be sufficient to reduce the bones to small fragments which would fit easily into the container. This sort of burial of the remains is assumed in such wishes for the dead as:I pray that you rest quiet and safe in the urn, bones,And that the earth is not burdensome to your ashes.
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Wolska, Bogumiła. "Applying isotope analyses of cremated human bones in archaeological research – a review." Ana­lecta Archa­eolo­gica Res­so­viensia 15 (2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/anarres.2020.15.1.

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Numerous experiments have recently been conducted on burnt bones in order to develop methods of isotope analysis which would be useful in archaeological research. Since the results of these studies are not yet widely known, this review presents their potential applications in investigations of human remains from cremation burials. Radiocarbon dating of burnt osteological materials is discussed, including problems related to the “old wood effect”. Also considered is the analysis of light stable isotopes, i.e. δ13C, δ15N and δ18O, which is unsuitable for palaeodietary determinations, but useful as a source of information about certain parameters of funeral pyres. Tracing geographical origins and human mobility is possible by means of the analysis of strontium isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr. Since an understanding of high-temperature-induced transformations of bone structure and chemical composition is important for these considerations, a detailed account of the processes is given as an introduction.
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Cleary, Kerri. "Broken Bones and Broken Stones: Exploring Fragmentation in Middle and Late Bronze Age Settlement Contexts in Ireland." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 3 (November 2, 2017): 336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.61.

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This article examines the evidence for fragmentation practices on Middle–Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–700bc) settlement sites in Ireland by looking at two kinds of material: human remains, both burnt and non-burnt, and quern stones. It highlights evidence for the manipulation of non-burnt skulls through ‘de-facing’ and the potential retention of cranial and other fragments for ‘burial’ in settlements. It also explores the more difficult task of determining whether incomplete skeletal representation in cremated remains can be interpreted as deliberate fragmentation, and how the context of deposition must be considered. Human agency in relation to the fragmentation patterns of querns is also examined to understand whether the act of breaking these objects was intentional or unintended and if depositing them was symbolic or simply fortuitous. By discussing this evidence, I hope to contribute to the argument that the funerary and settlement spheres in later prehistoric Ireland were becoming increasingly intertwined.
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Chattopadhyay, Prabal. "Analysis of Burnt Bones by DNA Fluorescent Technology: A Case Study." Genome Letters 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/gl.2003.031.

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Ripper, Susan, Matthew Beamish, A. Bayliss, C. Bronk Ramsey, A. Brown, M. Collins, N. J. Cooper, et al. "Bogs, Bodies and Burnt Mounds: Visits to the Soar Wetlands in the Neolithic and Bronze Age." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78 (2012): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027158.

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The recording and analysis of a burnt mound and adjacent palaeochannel deposits on the floodplain of the River Soar in Leicestershire revealed that the burnt mound was in use, possibly for a number of different purposes, at the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. An extensive radiocarbon dating programme indicated that the site was revisited. Human remains from the palaeochannel comprised the remains of three individuals, two of whom pre-dated the burnt mound by several centuries while the partial remains of a third, dating from the Late Bronze Age, provided evidence that this individual had met a violent death. These finds, along with animal bones dating to the Iron Age, and the remains of a bridge from the early medieval period, suggest that people were drawn to this location over a long period of time.
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Petersson, Maria. "Ett röjningsröseområde i Farstorp – odling, begravning och ritual." AmS-Varia, no. 61 (August 20, 2020): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-varia.vi61.340.

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This paper problematises the categories grave and clearance cairn, based on source-material from Farstorp, Småland. A central point of departure for the analysis is landuse in a long-term perspective. Parts of a clearance-cairn site, comprising clearance-cairns, graves and constructions similar to graves although less well–built, were excavated. The latter were termed complex cairns. Exterior elements were kerbs and surface layers of fire-cracked stones. Interior features resembled cremation layers with fire-cracked stones. Inside and adjacent to these, burnt animal bones and other objects, including intact pots containing food, had been deposited. The main building material was clearance stones, plausibly from surrounding arable land. Features mainly date to Late Roman Iron Age and Migration Period. Fire-cracked stones and burnt animal bones are interpreted as waste from ritual meals, consumed during spring and autumn farm work. Depositions of grinding stones support the assumption that fertility of the land was an important ritual theme. Participants of these meals might be members of the household that held the land rights. A few human bones were deposited in each grave, possibly from deceased members of the owner family who might be expected to act in favour of their living descendants, to enhance fertility in general. Such deposits may also have demonstrated and consolidated land rights.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Burnt bones"

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Stocking, Charles Heiko. "Bones, smoke and lies Hellenizing burnt sacrifice /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1925751631&sid=17&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wolf, Aaron B. "Determining Whether Spectrophotometer CIE L*a*b* Color Analysis is an Effective Alternative to Munsell Soil Color Charts for the Study of Burnt Bones: Insights From Analysis of Bab edh-Dhra EB II-III Burnt Bones." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1305140303.

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Labuschagne, Lizl. "The use of histological examination methods to distinguish between the burnt remains of human and non-human bones." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32470.

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Distinguishing between burnt human and non-human bone fragments using macroscopic methods has proved challenging and it was seen in the literature review that the previous research did not all come to the same conclusions. The aim of the research was to determine if, using histological methods, it was possible to distinguish between burned human and nonhuman bone fragments. A literature review was compiled to provide an overview of the anatomy of bones, morphological characteristics of bone, general bone histology, a comparison between human and non-human bones and the effect of temperature on bones. Bones of five different species (human, baboon, wildebeest, pig and cow) were burned in a muffle furnace for twenty minutes at either 600ᵒC or 800ᵒC. Following the burning procedure, thin ground bone sections of the burned and unburned bone specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis and the minimum canal diameter, maximum canal diameter, minimum Haversian system diameter, maximum Haversian system diameter, area of canal, and area of the Haversian system were measured. A comparative analysis was then done across species and temperature. A total of 523 osteons in unburned bone and 147 in the burned bone samples were analysed. ANOVA testing found overall significance (p < 0.0001) for all parameters measured, which suggests that temperature does affect the size of microstructures. Most parameter sizes increased with an increase in temperature. A greater increase was seen at 600 degrees than 800 degrees. Qualitatively, carbonation within the burned bone, made the measurement of parameters difficult in some samples. Human bone can easily be differentiated from pig, cow or wildebeest bone due to no or very few osteons present. Pig bone consisted almost entirely of plexiform bone, while the cow and wildebeest presented with only a few osteons in some parts of the bone. Human and baboon bone appeared similar on a microscopic level. The study revealed that temperature did not, in general, hamper the ability to differentiate between burned human and non-human bone, but it did impact on the number of measurable data points for each parameter.
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Navarro, Sigourney Nina. "The Crematorium of Hanga Hahave on Rapa Nui (Easter Island): What stories can the skeletal remains reveal." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325498.

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This paper uses an osteological approach and applies the study of entanglement in an attempt to understand the crematoria on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), which represent a unique tradition within the ceremonial spheres of the Polynesian area. Skeletal remains from the crematorium of ahu Hanga Hahave, which consist of both cremated - and unburned remains, have been analysed to reveal the different practices that took part in the cremation process and to identify the individuals that were deposited in such structure. Ethnohistorical records were applied to interpret the osteological evidence and to discuss the circumstances surrounding the possible use of the crematorium, as either a site for sacrificial offerings or a site for burials.  This paper aims at creating an underlying basis for the study of crematoria on Rapa Nui and provides an overview of the processes central to the disposal of the dead and the usage and significance of this structure. The results of this study showed that the ancient Rapanui through the practice of cremation, followed an internalised structure within their society to complete each cultural act that constituted the crematorium, and these were divided in the construction of the crematorium, the making of fire, and the treatment of the dead. The complexity of each cultural act presents the possibility that an organised society, with at least one designated head, may have been in charge of the practice of cremation physically and spiritually. The skeletal remains could not be applied to determine whether the crematorium of Hanga Hahave was used for sacrificial offering or for burial since the analysed remains only represented one-fifth of the entire bone collection from the crematorium. However, the findings of this study have pointed towards a burial practice rather than a sacrificial one.
Denna uppsats använder ett osteologiskt tillvägagångssätt och Hodders’’entanglement’ studie i tolkningen av krematorierna på Rapa Nui (Påskön), som representerar en unik tradition inom Polynesien. Skelettmaterialet från krematoriet i ahu Hanga Hahave har analyserats för att upptäcka de olika metoder som deltog i kremeringsprocessen och identifiera vilka individer som deponerades här. Etnohistoriska källor användes också i tolkningen av det osteologiska materialet och för att behandla frågorna kring krematoriernas användning: antigen som en plats för offring eller en plats för begravning. Syftet är att skapa en underliggande grund för studiet av krematorierna på Rapa Nui för att ge en överblick på de centrala processerna. Resultatet visade att den forntida Rapanui följde en internaliserad struktur inom sitt samhälle för att slutföra varje kulturell handling som utgjorde kremerings praktik och var uppdelade i konstruktionen av krematoriet, bruken av eld och hantering av de döda. Komplexiteten hos varje handling möjliggör att ett organiserat samhälle, där minst en ledare har varit ansvarig i fysisk eller andlig form. Skelettmaterialet från krematoriet i ahu Hanga Hahave kunde inte användas för att bestämma krematoriets användning eftersom det analyserade materialet endast representerade en femtedel av den totala bensamlingen, dock pekar studiet på en begravningsritual snarare än en offer.
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Farrugio, Sandrine. "Le traitement des défunts au IIe millénaire avant J-C (Helladique Moyen et Helladique Récent) en Attique et en Argolide." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010609/document.

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Cette étude a pour sujet le traitement des défunts au IIe millénaire avant J –C (Helladique Moyen et Helladique Récent) en Attique et en Argolide , afin d’établir la répartition des modes de traitement des défunts et des gestes funéraires. Ainsi, en utilisant la méthode de l’archéothanatologie, nous avons observé la position originelle des défunts, étudié la récurrence et la divergence de certains gestes funéraires. Nous avons tenté d’aborder les questions liées aux traditions propres à chacune des deux régions ; mais aussi de distinguer les différentes modalités d’adoption, partielle ou totale ainsi que les modalités de transfert des coutumes funéraires et leur évolution dans le temps. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous avons analysé les données issues des publications et des rapports de fouilles et les photographies montrant l’intérieur de vingt-quatre tombes avec quarante-six squelettes en place. Ainsi, nous avons pu identifier les différentes faces d’apparition des diverses pièces osseuses : cela nous a permis de découvrir la présence jusqu’à la insoupçonnée, pour certains site, de contenants périssables et parfois de modifier la disposition des défunts déjà établie dans de nombreuses publications. Enfin, en parallèle, nous avons étudié, dans les musées grecs et suédois, les collections d’ossements des sites d’Asinè et de l’Ancienne Agora d’Athènes dans le but d’y découvrir des modifications osseuses d’origine anthropique volontaire ; mais nous n’avons identifié que des os sans modifications volontaires et brûlés
This study investigates the treatment of the deceased during the 2nd millennium BC (Middle Helladic and Helladic Recent), in order to establish treatment distributions and funeral gestures. Thus, by using the "archeothanatological" method, we observed the original position of the deceased, studies the recurrence and the divergence of some funeral gestures. We have tried to identify regional traditions, but also to distinguish between different adoption modalities, partial or total transfers of funeral customs through time. To carry out this work, we analyzed data from publications and excavation reports and photographs showing the interior of twenty-four tombs with forty-six skeletons in situ. Thus, were able to identify the different faces of appearance of the various bon parts: this has allowed us to discover the presence until now unsuspected, for some sites, perishable containers: sometimes were proposed new positions of the deceased different of those already established in many publications. Finally, in parallel, we have studied in Greek and Swedish museum collections of bones of the sites of Assine I and II and of the ancient Agora of Athens in order to discover bone voluntary anthropogenic changes. We thus showed the absence of voluntar changes and burnt bones
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Yilmaz, Yasemin. "Les pratiques funéraires des populations néolithiques d’Anatolie : le cas de Cayönü." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14013/document.

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Cette étude porte sur le «Skull Building» de Çayönü (Sud-Est anatolien, Néolithiqueprécéramique), qui est l’un des plus anciens bâtiments à usage funéraire au Proche-Orient. Les restes humains provenant des différents dépôts osseux (110.460fragments) du «Skull Building» ont été étudiés au travers d’une approche archéoantropologiqueet taphonomique qui n’avait encore jamais été appliquée à un sitepréhistorique anatolien. Nous avons mis au point un logiciel de dénombrement,estimé le nombre minimum d’individus inhumés lors de chacune des deux phasesd’utilisation (NMI = 97 pour le bâtiment ovalaire, NMI = 231 pour le bâtimentrectangulaire) et mis en évidence un changement des pratiques entre le bâtimentovalaire (le plus ancien) et le bâtiment rectangulaire (le plus récent). Les résultatsobtenus permettent de proposer une nouvelle interprétation du fonctionnement de cebâtiment, dans la mesure où les analyses ont montré que les différents dépôts de laseconde phase d’utilisation (bâtiment rectangulaire) étaient liés entre eux
This study focuses on the "Skull Building" of Çayönü (Southeast Anatolian PrepotteryNeolithic), which is one of the oldest buildings for burial use in the MiddleEast. Human remains from different bone deposits (110,460 fragments) of the "SkullBuilding" have been studied through an archaeo-anthropological and taphonomicapproach which had never been applied to a prehistoric site in Anatolia. We havedeveloped a software for counting, estimated the minimum number of individualsburied in each of the two phases of use (NMI = 97 for the Oval Building, NMI = 231for the Rectangular Building) and highlighted a change in practices between the ovalbuilding (the oldest) and the rectangular building (most recent). The results obtainedallow proposing a new interpretation for the functions of this building, insofar as theanalysis showed that different deposits of the second phase of use (RectangularBuilding) were interrelated
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Olson, Carina. "Neolithic Fisheries : Osteoarchaeology of Fish Remains in the Baltic Sea Region." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8215.

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Persson, Karin Cecilia. "Biomechanical modelling of spinal cord and bone fragment interactions during a vertebral burst fracture." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511172.

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Fox, Andreas. "The role of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in the acute human burn wound." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490721.

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Ratte, Kelly. "Representations of gothic children in contemporary irish literature: a search for identity in Patrick McCabe's The Butcher Boy, Seamus Deane's Reading in the Dark, and Anna Burns' No Bones." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/937.

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Ireland is not a country unfamiliar with trauma. It is an island widely known for its history with Vikings, famine, and as a colony of the English empire. Inevitably, then, these traumas surface in the literature from the nation. Much of the literature that was produced, especially after the decline in the Irish language after the Great Famine of the 1840s, focused on national identity. In the nineteenth century, there was a growing movement for Irish cultural identity, illustrated by authors John Millington Synge and William Butler Yeats; this movement was identified as the Gaelic Revival. Another movement in literature began in the nineteenth century and it reflected the social and political anxieties of the Anglo-Irish middle class in Ireland. This movement is the beginning of the Gothic genre in Irish literature. Dominated by authors such as Sheridan Le Fanu and Bram Stoker, Gothic novels used aspects of the sublime and the uncanny to express the fears and apprehensions that existed in Anglo-Irish identity in the nineteenth century. My goal in writing this thesis is to examine Gothic aspects of contemporary Irish fiction in order to address the anxieties of Irish identity after the Irish War of Independence that began in 1919 and the resulting division of Ireland into two countries. I will be examining Patrick McCabe's The Butcher Boy, Seamus Deane's Reading in the Dark, and Anna Burns' No Bones in order to evaluate their use of children amidst the trouble surrounding the formation of identity, both personal and national, in Northern Ireland. All three novels use gothic elements in order to produce an atmosphere of the uncanny (Freud); this effect is used to enlighten the theme of arrested development in national identity through the children protagonists, who are inescapably haunted by Ireland's repressed traumatic history.; Specifically, I will be focusing on the use of ghosts, violence, and hauntings to illuminate the social anxieties felt by Northern Ireland after the Irish War of Independence.
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Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
English
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Books on the topic "Burnt bones"

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Burnt bones. Toronto: Viking, 1999.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Burnt bones. New York: Signet, 2000.

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Cobb, Stephen Euin. Bones Burnt Black. August Press, 2004.

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C Diaz, Eva, Celeste C Finnerty, and David N. Herndon. Severe Burn Injuries and Their Long-Term Implications. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0016.

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Burn injury is notable for the degree and duration of pathophysiological alterations that it induces. Burn triggers profound changes in metabolism, immune function, and endocrine function, leading to a host of negative effects, including catabolism of muscle and bone and insulin resistance. These changes may persist or evolve for years after the injury has occurred, delaying recovery. This chapter discusses all of these consequences of burn injury, along with other adverse outcomes, specifically growth delay in children and hypertrophic scarring. Particular attention is placed on what is known about the mechanisms underlying each of these pathological changes and, in some cases, current practice in their management. A description is also provided of some of the pharmacologic (i.e. oxandrolone and recombinant human growth hormone) and non-pharmacologic (i.e. exercise therapy) approaches that hold promise in the treatment of burn injury and its consequences.
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Emergency!: What to Do and Who to Call : Burns, Shock, Bleeding, Choking, Poison, Broken Bones (Cader Flips Title). Andrews McMeel Pub, 1997.

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Lim, Joanna C., Catherine Goodhue, Elizabeth Cleek, Erik R. Barthel, Barbara Gaines, and Jeffrey S. Upperman. Pediatric Trauma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0019.

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Pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death in children 1 through 14 years old. This chapter includes key information focusing on initial evaluation, triage, and stabilization of children with blunt and penetrating trauma as well as burns (and the “rule of 9s”). The authors discuss specific injuries, including those to the head (traumatic brain injury), thorax, and abdomen; genitourinary area; and orthopedic/long-bone and nonaccidental trauma. Caring for injured children is best performed using advanced trauma life support protocols during the initial assessment. Protocol-driven examination, regardless of injury mechanism, ensures clinicians consider life-threatening injuries in an orderly fashion, starting with the primary survey and moving on to the secondary survey and definitive care. After injuries are identified, priorities shift toward involving the necessary specialists. Key mnemonics in trauma care are explained: the ABCDE initial evaluation, the AMPLE history, and the AVPU categorization of neurologic status.
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Rogers, Thomas R., and Elizabeth M. Johnson. Mucoraceous moulds. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0018.

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The mucoraceous moulds are members of the order Mucorales and comprise a number of genera within which are species that typically cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts, but are also pathogens of patients with diabetes mellitus or burns, or following traumatic injuries or near-drowning incidents, and in iron overload. Clinical presentations may be of rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, or disseminated disease. Once established at its initial focus, the infection can progress rapidly. Diagnosis is challenging because this is a relatively rare disease, cultures from sites of infection may be negative, and few biomarkers exist to aid laboratory diagnosis. Histopathological examination of infected tissue is useful in diagnosis. Clinicians should have a high level of suspicion when immunocompromised patients present with sinus infection, facial swelling, orbital bone erosion, nodular lung infiltration, or necrotic skin eschars. The only currently available antifungal agents with evidence of clinical utility in mucormycosis are amphotericin B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole.
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(Editor), Raoul Tubiana, and Gilbert Alain (Editor), eds. Surgery of the Skin and Skeleton of the Hand and of Disorders of the Upper Limb Affecting the Hand (Surgery of Disorders of the Hand and Upper Extremity Series). Informa Healthcare, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Burnt bones"

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Piga, Giampaolo, Maria Dolors Baró, Irati Golvano Escobal, David Gonçalves, Calil Makhoul, Ana Amarante, Assumpció Malgosa, Stefano Enzo, and Sebastiano Garroni. "A structural approach in the study of bones: fossil and burnt bones at nanosize scale." In inArt 2016, 67–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55417-3_7.

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Klein, Gordon L. "Bisphosphonates in Pediatric Burn Injury." In Bone Drugs in Pediatrics, 101–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7436-5_7.

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Fadem, Maureen E. Ruprecht. "Specter and Doubt in Anna Burns’ No Bones." In The Literature of Northern Ireland, 137–79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137466235_5.

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Klein, Gordon L. "Abnormalities in Bone and Calcium Metabolism After Burns." In Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 531–34. Ames, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118453926.ch66.

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Gao, Jing-Heng, Zhen-Kuan Xu, Hua-Xiang Zheng, Yu-Ming Wang, Zain How, and Wei-Min Wang. "Medullary Cavity — A Substitute for Venous Return in Vascularized Bone Transplantation — An Experimental Study." In Recent Advances in Burns and Plastic Surgery — The Chinese Experience, 193–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4900-3_26.

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Wang, Jianping, Juping Gu, Jian Zhao, Xinsong Zhang, Liang Hua, and Chunfeng Zhou. "Technology of Cortical Bone Trajectory on the Influence of Stability in Fixation of Burst Fracture of Thoracolumbar Spine: A Finite Element Analysis." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 104–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6370-1_11.

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Münzel, Susanne, and Berrin Çep. "The Lithics and Fauna from Heidenschmiede, a Middle Paleolithic Rockshelter in Heidenheim an der Brenz (Swabian Jura)." In Tübingen Publications in Prehistory. Kerns Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51315/9783935751353.003.

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Heidenschmiede is a Middle Paleolithic rockshelter located in Heidenheim an der Brenz. The site was excavated in 1930 by Eduard Peters, but the archaeological remains were never completely analyzed. The lithic and faunal remains have recently been re-analyzed by the authors. The general features of the lithics are indicative of a Middle Paleolithic technology that includes a non-Levallois blade technology. The faunal remains reflect a Mammoth Steppe ecosystem and include mammoth, horse, woolly rhino and reindeer. Carnivore species play a minor role, although some carnivore gnawing is present. The archeological assemblage of this rockshelter demonstrates clear evidence of human activities, such as flint knapping, butchering of game animals, maintaining of hearths (burnt bones) and preparation of organic tools (retouchers).
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Jones, Amy Gray. "Cremation and the Use of Fire in Mesolithic Mortuary Practices in North-West Europe." In Cremation and the Archaeology of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798118.003.0009.

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Cremation is not widely recognized as a form of mortuary treatment amongst the hunter-gatherer communities of Mesolithic north-west Europe (broadly defined as c.9300 cal. BC to c.4000 cal. BC). Instead, the period is perhaps most well known for some of the earliest inhumation cemeteries in northern Europe, the most familiar being the Scandinavian sites of Skateholm I and II (Scania, Sweden) (Larsson 1988a) and Vedbæk-Bøgebakken (Zealand, Denmark) (Albrethsen and Brinch Petersen 1977) and those on the coast of northern France, Teviéc and Hoëdic (Morbihan, France) (Péquart et al. 1937; Péquart and Péquart 1954). As concentrations of well-furnished burials they have long provided the focus for discussions of Mesolithic mortuary practice as well as social status and group organization (e.g. Clark and Neeley 1987) and, more recently, cosmology (e.g. Zvelebil 2003), personhood (e.g. Fowler 2004), sexuality (e.g. Schmidt 2000) and the ritual practice of handling the body (e.g. Nilsson Stutz 2003). However, discoveries within the last two decades have increased the evidence for the practice of cremation (as well as other forms of treatment, such as secondary burial) amongst the huntergatherers of the Mesolithic, both in terms of the geographic distribution of the practice and its temporal spread throughout the period. Although rare in comparison to inhumation, cremation can now be seen to have been practiced throughout both the early and late Mesolithic and, whilst evidence is currently sparse within the modern areas of Germany and the British Isles, examples are known across Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Belgium, northern France, and the Republic of Ireland (totalling at least thirteen sites with cremated remains amongst over 100 sites with human bone in this area, see Fig. 2.1 and Table 2.1). Additionally, whilst preparing this chapter, a new discovery of cremated remains deposited in a large pit was made at Langford (Essex, England) and directly dated to the late Mesolithic, representing the first example from England (Gilmour and Loe 2015). It is worth noting here that there are also several more sites with human remains (usually disarticulated or ‘loose’ human bones) which are described as ‘charred’ or ‘burnt’ but for the purposes of this chapter I consider ‘cremated remains’ to refer to bone or a body that has undergone the mortuary rite of cremation (transformation of a corpse by burning) and burnt bone as the incidental or deliberate burning of dry and/or disarticulated bone (after McKinley 2013: 150).
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Saipio, Jarkko. "The Emergence of Cremations in Eastern Fennoscandia: Changing Uses of Fire in Ritual Contexts." In Cremation and the Archaeology of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798118.003.0020.

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Since the 1980s, a rapid increase in the number of Mesolithic and Neolithic cremation burials discovered has prompted a substantial re-evaluation of the position of cremation as a prehistoric mortuary ritual in northern Eurasia. Sporadic but persistent appearances of cremation in a wide variety of cultural contexts from early Mesolithic to late Neolithic have undermined the traditional models seeing cremation and inhumation as two radically different ways to treat the deceased. In studies of north-western Europe, from British Isles to southern Scandinavia, it is now widely recognized that inhumation and cremation co-existed in many Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures traditionally treated as textbook cases of mortuary practices emphasizing the corporeal integrity of the deceased. Importantly, the unexpected appearances of cremation are only one part of a wider challenge to the traditional assumption of dominance of primary burial in Mesolithic and non-megalithic Neolithic cultures of northern Europe. One important aspect of this challenge are finds of scattered burnt and unburned human bones in Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural layers, suggesting that articulated pit inhumations may actually represent exceptional cases (e.g. Hallgren 2008; Larsson 2009). North-eastern Europe still remains a white area in regional studies of pre- Bronze Age appearances of cremation in northern Europe. This border generally coincides with the language barrier between Germanic languages and various ‘eastern’ languages in terms of local archaeological research traditions. On the other hand, the border also roughly coincides with many genuine differences in archaeological record. Therefore, there is an obvious danger that differences in archaeological research histories and differences in archaeological phenomena become intermingled, creating ill-founded generalizations and assumptions. This chapter examines the earliest known cases of cremation in Eastern Fennoscandia, the area consisting of Finland, the Kola Peninsula, and Russian Karelia (Fig. 11.1). It is currently the easternmost part of northern Europe where confirmed cases of Mesolithic and Neolithic cremation have appeared so far. Such cases are currently few and little studied but they have a potential to redefine the whole study of prehistoric mortuary rituals in the area. In most of Eastern Fennoscandia acidic soil usually does not preserve any unburned bone material older than about a thousand years.
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Röst, Anna. "Building by Stone and Bone: Handling Cremated Remains in Late Bronze Age Sweden." In Cremation and the Archaeology of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798118.003.0016.

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The practice of cremation is very familiar, and yet alien to us today. For roughly half a century it has been the predominant method of disposal of the dead in the Scandinavian countries. An increasingly secular society has embraced its hygienic and space-saving properties and as a result cremation lawn cemeteries and memory groves are now found in both cities and countryside. The process of acceptance of cremation has, since the late nineteenth century (when cremation was first introduced in the modern era into Scandinavia), been made possible by several factors, one of them being architectural references to antiquity. The spatiality of memory groves, citing pre-Christian cultural landscapes, places the modern cremated dead in a setting perfectly logical, in connection with a consoling eternity (Williams 2011a, 2012). However, the predeposition act of cremation itself is now, unlike in prehistoric times, completely hidden from the view of the bereaved. It is not spoken of; it is handled by professionals, in stark contrast to its prehistoric open-air equivalent where sensory experiences of cremations must have been common experiences, witnessed, heard, smelled, by many people (Williams 2004a; Bille and Sørensen 2008; Back Danielsson 2009). This paradoxical fact—the familiarity, and the distance from cremation practices—certainly affects our archaeological understanding of the remains of prehistoric cremations. The images of peaceful churchyards, with individual resting places and monuments all influence our preconceptions of what a grave is, and projects them onto interpretations of past burials. Archaeologists have tackled this problem by analogical reasoning and ethnographical examples, to bring to the surface the experience of cremation which now has become hidden. Key themes in recent studies include the search for prehistoric eschatological and cosmological beliefs, including discussions of the transformative properties of the cremation act (Bille and Sørensen 2008; Goldhahn 2007; Kaliff 1997, 2005a, 2007; Kaliff and Oestigaard 2013; Oestigaard 1999, 2000). What happens after cremation—the deposition of the burnt bones in sites that are archeologically labelled prehistoric burial grounds—is somewhat less frequently discussed (see however Arcini et al. 2007; Arcini and Lönn 2009). The burial ground as an archaeological category still suffers from lack of discussion, and the image of a peaceful resting place for the ancestors still lingers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Burnt bones"

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Tikhomirova, Y., A. Pozanenko, K. Hurley, Charles Meegan, Chryssa Kouveliotou, and Neil Gehrels. "A search for nearby galaxies in BATSE∕IPN short GRB error boxes." In GAMMA-RAY BURST: Sixth Huntsville Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3155902.

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Klose, S., B. Stecklum, J. Eislöffel, J. L. Hora, and R. Tuffs. "NIR imaging of gamma-ray burst error boxes." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55391.

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Greiner, Jochen. "Rapid ROSAT observations of small gamma-ray burst error boxes." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55359.

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Schaefer, Bradley E., Thomas L. Cline, and Kevin Hurley. "Hubble space telescope observations of four Gamma-ray Burst error boxes." In Gamma-ray bursts: 3rd Huntsville symposium. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51640.

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Pilla, Figueiredo, Nasser, Kaufman, and Siffert. "Pulse Burst Electric Fields Significantly Accelerate Bone Repair In An Animal Model." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589714.

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Pilla, A. A., M. Figueiredo, P. R. Nasser, J. J. Kaufman, and R. S. Siffert. "Pulse burst electric fields significantly accelerate bone repair in an animal model." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5760966.

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Boër, Michel, J. Greiner, P. Kahabka, C. Motch, and W. Voges. "The x-ray survey of the second catalog gamma-ray burst error boxes." In Gamma-ray bursts: Second workshop. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.45916.

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Boër, Michel, J. Greiner, P. Kahabka, C. Motch, W. Voges, M. Sommer, K. Hurley, et al. "Recent small gamma-ray burst error boxes in the ROSAT all-sky survey." In Gamma-ray bursts: Second workshop. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.45848.

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Volfson, Boris. "Failure Analysis of a High Pressure Air Cooled Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84801.

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The paper examines the causes of failure, which led to a major burst and a fire incident in a high pressure box-type air cooled heat exchanger. The material of the header boxes was duplex steel SA-240 S32205/S31803. Design pressure – 20.8 MPa. The strength calculation was performed in accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1, Appendix 13. Following on from the results of numerical calculations, examination and testing of samples, cut from the header boxes elements, the study demonstrates that the failure was due to the design and calculation errors, caused by the lack of precision in the ASME Section VIII Division 1, defective workmanship, and an inadequate control. The paper discusses additional requirements, which allow to avoid such failures for the future.
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Russell, David W. "On the Control of Dynamically Unstable Systems Using a Self Organizing Black Box Controller." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58290.

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Many systems are difficult to control by conventional means because of the complexity of the very fabric of their being. Some systems perform very well under some conditions and then burst into wild, maybe even chaotic, oscillations for no apparent reason. Such systems exist in bioreactors, electro-plating and other application domains. In these cases a model may not exist that can be trusted to accurately replicate the dynamics of the real-world system. BOXES is a well known methodology that learns to perform control maneuvers for dynamic systems with only cursory a priori knowledge of the mathematics of the system model. A limiting factor in the BOXES algorithm has always been the assignment of appropriate boundaries to subdivide each state variable into regions. In addition to suggesting a method of alleviating this weakness, the paper shows that the accumulated statistical data in near neighboring states may be a powerful agent in accelerating learning, and may eventually provide a possible evolution to self-organization.
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Reports on the topic "Burnt bones"

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Williams, G. Early-time observations of gamma-ray burst error boxes with the Livermore optical transient imaging system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007544.

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