Academic literature on the topic 'Burnt Clay Bricks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Burnt Clay Bricks"
1
Baiden, Bernard K., Kofi Agyekum, and Joseph K. Ofori-Kuragu. "Perceptions on Barriers to the Use of Burnt Clay Bricks for Housing Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering 2014 (July 21, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/502961.
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Burnt clay bricks can be readily manufactured in Ghana as all ten regions have significant clay deposits with the Ashanti region having the highest estimated deposit of 37.1 million metric tonnes. In recent times, burnt clay bricks have been regarded as old fashioned and replaced by other perceived modern walling units within Kumasi, the metropolitan capital of Ashanti Region, despite its availability, unique advantages (aesthetics, low maintenance cost, etc.), and structural and nonstructural properties. This study involved a questionnaire survey of 85 respondents made up of architects, brick manufacturing firms, and brick house owners or occupants in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana and sought to examine their perceptions on barriers to the use of burnt clay bricks for housing construction. The findings revealed that the key factors inhibiting the use of burnt clay bricks for housing construction are low material demand, excessive cost implications, inappropriate use in construction, noncompatibility of burnt clay bricks with other materials, unreliable production, and transportation problems. The findings however provide a platform for stakeholders to address the barriers to enable the extensive use of clay bricks in housing constructions.
2
Hussain, Zahid, and Shamshad Ali. "Comparative Study on Breaking Strength of Burnt Clay Bricks Using Novel Based Completely Randomized Design (CRD)." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 5 (2019): 1162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091320.
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The aim of this study is to present the results of breaking strength tests for burnt clay bricks from various historical deposits. The native clay bricks production technique is the known method of brick making, particularly in South Asian countries. Numerous studies have been conducted on hand-molded formed bricks. The clay bricks that were considered for the comparative study, were made from four different clays sources. Their breaking strength was determined using for examining the maximum load at failure and the effects were investigated subsequently. The basic objective of this experimental study was to compare the breaking strength of locally fired clay bricks using a novel based completely randomized design via a single factor with four levels of clay sources representing the factors. For this purpose, 24 brick samples were made from four different clay sources while the breaking strength of each sample was measured. Pairwise comparison trials, including Duncan’s multiple range, Newman–keuls, Fisher’s least and Tukey’s tests were conducted. Based on experimental investigations, the results revealed that using analysis of variance at 95% CI, the difference in breaking strength between clay source of Hyderabad (A) and Rawalpindi (B), followed by Kohat (C) and Peshawar (D) was significant and also the difference among the means of these clay courses was significant which clearly exposed that the clay site and chemical composition has a great impression of the breaking strength of the burnt bricks.
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Azam, Rizwan, Muhammad Rizwan Riaz, Ehtasham Ul Haq, Ayman Shihata, and Mohamed Zawam. "Development of Quality Assessment Criteria for Burnt Clay Bricks of Different Ages Based on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test." Buildings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081069.
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Burnt clay bricks are widely used as a construction material in Pakistan, and their testing for quality confirmation is frequently needed for new and old bricks used in existing structures. The destructive testing methods are time-consuming and not always feasible for testing the bricks used in existing structures. The current study investigated the feasibility of using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test as a non-destructive technique to assess the quality of both new and old bricks in masonry structures. A relationship was developed after performing the UPV test followed by a compression test on burnt clay brick samples of five different ages acquired from different sources. The acquired brick samples ranged from new to a century old. Consequently, as a novel contribution, brick quality assessment criteria based on UPV were proposed according to which a UPV value greater than 3000 m/s represents an excellent first-class brick whereas a UPV value lower than 2000 m/s shows a second-class brick. Further, the effectiveness of the UPV test to assess the compressive strength of old bricks was demonstrated with a case study of a 100-year-old masonry structure. The research concluded with the remarks that the compressive strength of bricks can be assessed with reasonable accuracy using the UPV test. The developed quality assessment criteria can be used to quickly check the quality of new and old burnt clay bricks.
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Amin, Faisal, Safeer Abbas, Wasim Abbass, et al. "Potential Use of Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge in Fabrication of Burnt Clay Bricks." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116711.
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Water treatment plants produce a huge amount of sludge, which are ultimately disposed to the nearest water channel, leading to harmful effects. This unmanaged wastewater treatment plant sludge (WTS) results in social and environmental concerns. Therefore, the utilization of WTS in construction activities can be a viable option for the management of waste sludge, leading to sustainable infrastructures. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of WTS in the manufacturing of clay bricks at an industrial scale. WTS was procured from the Rawal Lake water treatment plant, Pakistan. Clay was collected from a local industrial brick kiln site. Brick specimens with varying percentages of WTS (i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were casted and their mechanical and durability characteristics were evaluated. It was observed that the bricks incorporating WTS showed higher compressive and flexural strengths compared to that of the normal clay bricks. For instance, brick specimens incorporating 5% WTS by weight of clay showed a 10% increase in compressive strength. Furthermore, brick specimens incorporating 20% of WTS by clay weight satisfied the strength requirements as per local building codes for masonry construction. Scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) images confirm the porous microstructure of brick specimens manufactured with WTS, which results in 12% lighter clay bricks as compared to conventional clay bricks. Moreover, the durability characteristics of brick specimens incorporating WTS showed better performance. It can be concluded that bricks fabricated with a high proportion of WTS (i.e., 20%) will minimize the environmental overburden and lead to more durable and economical masonry construction.
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Biradar, Sangmesh V., A. Srujan Kumar, T. Vijaya Gowri, and Shaik Subhan Alisha. "Comparative Study on Properties of Plastic Bricks with Conventional Bricks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2779, no. 1 (2024): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2779/1/012088.
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Abstract Plastic brick is one of the innovative types of brick which is made up of plastic waste. Plastic bricks reduce pollution problem from garbage plastic. Since plastic bricks don’t require brick kilns, it’s possible to stop the pollution caused by these bricks and create them easily. So, to create a balance between environmental protection and pollution we made plastic bricks possible to suit this environment. This study uses plastic trash from plastic bottles composed of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Poly Propylene (PP) in same proportions (1:1) called as fully plastic brick. After that, tests will be conducted on the bricks to examine compressive strengths, water absorption, thermal shrinkage, fire ignition, efflorescence, impact and to compare these properties with burnt clay bricks. The result found that plastic bricks has more compressive strength than clay bricks and with negligible water absorption. Thermal shrinkage and cost of the plastic brick less than the clay brick. Fire ignition value of plastic brick covered with aluminium sheet more than the normal clay brick.
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Mehta, Vikas, Sandip Mondal, Naresh Kumar, and Sushil Kumar. "Use of wood sawdust ash as effective raw material for clay bricks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (2023): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012081.
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Abstract The world is gradually looking for waste material properties and finding a way out of using it as secondary raw materials for other industrial purposes because of increasing environmental understanding and guidelines on controlling industrial waste. In the present world, the researcher’s primary aim is to enhance the usage of environmentally friendly materials and protect the environment. This research proves the possibility of using wood sawdust ash (WSDA) partially replace clay and sand manufacturing bricks. This paper used WSDA obtained from controlled combustion to replace other construction materials for bricks. The feasibility study used WSDA as an admixture with five distinct replacement levels, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, for non-modular bricks (230×110×70) mm. The brick was evaluated for various strength parameters to authenticate clay bricks’ compressive strength, efflorescence, and water absorption properties. The findings revealed that the compressive strength of WSDA bricks (11.01 N/mm2) is higher than fly ash-cement-based and burnt clay bricks, which are 6.93 N/mm2 and 9.56 N/mm2. Also, the water absorption is (31%) lower than clay burnt bricks.
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Abbass, Wasim, Safeer Abbas, Fahid Aslam, et al. "Manufacturing of Sustainable Untreated Coal Ash Masonry Units for Structural Applications." Materials 15, no. 11 (2022): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15114003.
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Burnt clay bricks are one of the most important building units worldwide, are easy and cheap to make, and are readily available. However, the utilization of fertile clay in the production of burnt clay bricks is also one of the causes of environmental pollution because of the emission of greenhouse gases from industrial kilns during the large-scale burning process. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new class of building units (bricks) incorporating recycled industrial waste, leading toward sustainable construction by a reduction in the environmental overburden. This research aimed to explore the potential of untreated coal ash for the manufacturing of building units (coal ash unburnt bricks). Coal ash unburnt bricks were manufactured at an industrial brick plant by applying a pre-form pressure of 3 MPa and later curing them via water sprinkling in a control shed. Various proportions of coal ash (i.e., 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55%) were employed to investigate the mechanical and durability-related properties of the resulting bricks, then they were compared with conventional burnt clay bricks. Compressive strength, flexural strength, an initial rate of water absorption, efflorescence, microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy, and cost analysis were conducted. The results of the compressive strength tests revealed that the compressive strength of coal ash unburnt brick decreased with an increase in the content of coal ash; however, up to a 45% proportion of coal ash, the minimum required compressive strength specified by ASTM C62 and local building codes was satisfied. Furthermore, bricks incorporating up to 45% of coal ash also satisfied the ASTM C62 requirements for water absorption. Coal ash unburnt bricks are lighter in weight owing to their porous developed microstructure. The cost analysis showed that the utilization of untreated, locally available coal ash in brick production leads us on the path toward more economical and sustainable building units.
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Elhusna, Elhusna, Abdullah Abdullah, Sofyan Saleh, Muttaqin Hasan, Nelly Astriani, and Bimo Prakoso. "Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash Utilization to Enlarge Clay Brick Dimension." Proceeding of the International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research for Sustainable Innovation 1 (August 12, 2024): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/icmrsi.v1i.831.
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Burnt clay bricks, mostly used as non-structural wall unit materials in Indonesia, contain only clay in Bengkulu Province. A large amount of clay is used during clay brick production as a shrinkage effect of burning, while clay is a limited natural resource. Available non-plastic materials that can withstand combustion contraction are required to reduce the use of clay. Ash materials like fly ash and rice husk ash are non-plastic materials. The purposes of this research are to reduce clay usage, enlarge dimensions, and improve brick performance at the same time by adding coal fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA). This research is an experimental study of FA clay brick (FCB) and a combination of 50% FA and 50% RHA clay brick (FRCB). The ash was added to the mixture at weights of 10%, 20%, and 30% of clay. The factory-specified production method was used to create bricks. After the materials and water meltdown process to produce plastic material, bricks were molded, dried, and burned. Green and burnt brick measurements and weights were gathered. The Brick Indonesian Standard Code (SNI 15-2094-2000) was used while determining the bricks' compression strength and absorption. The mean values of the quantitative data were used after being analyzed through coefficient of variation values less than 10%. The result shows that the compressive strengths and absorption of 10% and 20% of the ash content of FCB meet the Indonesian code. Both brick volumes expand as the ash content increases. FRCB volume weight is 11%, 7.8%, and 8.1% lighter than FCB for 10%, 20%, and 30% ash content, respectively. Both brick varieties meet the ASTM code for nonload-bearing concrete masonry units. The use of FA and a mixture of FA and RHA enhances shrinkage, increases brick dimensions, and simultaneously lowers brick weight. Using lighter and larger bricks for the walls helps to recycle waste, reduce the mass of the building, and reduce the use of clay resources. Application 10% and 20% fly ash is recommended for increasing the size of clay bricks in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia.
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A.Y., Iorliam, Chenge R.A., and Kuhwa D.S. "Treatment of Clay with Oil Palm Fibre Ash and Rice Husk Ash Mixture for Burnt Clay Bricks Production." International Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 5, no. 1 (2022): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijmce-qqxkew59.
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The current study examines the use of oil palm fibre ash (OPFA) and rice husk ash (RHA) mixture in the treatment of A-6 Makurdi clay for burnt brick production. The results show that the compressive strength of 9.4 MN/m2 for burnt untreated brick increased to 10.86 MN/m2 for burnt 2%OPFA+2%RHA treated brick. The corresponding water absorption of 14.9% for the burnt untreated brick increased to 16.2% for burnt 2%OPFA+2%RHA treated brick. The strength value of 10.86 MN/m2 is greater than 10.3 MN/m^2 which is the minimum strength value for negligible weather (NW) conditions. The water absorption of 16.2% is less than 17%, 22% and ‘no limit’ which are the maximum values for severe weather (SW), moderate weather (MW) and NW respectively. Based on combined strength and water absorption criteria, burnt bricks production with 2%OPFA+2%RHA treated A-6 Makurdi clay is adequate for use as a load-bearing brick in wall areas of NW condition.
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Mishra, Renu, and Praveen Kumar. "Behaviour of Masonry with Flyash Bricks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (2024): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012083.
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Abstract Bricks will always be needed for construction, but as land use intensifies, soil for making bricks will become scarcer. Though fly ash bricks are available from last few years, but the experimental data regarding behaviour of masonry made with such bricks are limited. In the realm of structural design, the compressive strength of masonry stands as a crucial property, while the modulus of elasticity under uniaxial compression assumes equal importance, particularly when addressing concerns related to the deformation of masonry structures. The aim of the experimental investigation reported in this paper is to determine modulus of Elasticity (E) for fly ash brick masonry under axial compression through testing prisms with height to the least lateral dimension ratio of prisms between 2 to 4. Comparison of the same is reported with that of the masonry with conventional burnt clay bricks. The test results revealed that the strength and E of masonry with the alternative bricks (flyash) are in almost similar range to those with burnt clay bricks.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Burnt Clay Bricks"
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Nekesa, Solophina. "Policy responses to the escalating environmental impacts of the construction materials sector in Uganda. Case studies of burnt clay bricks and cement." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26771.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Architecture in Sustainable and Energy Efficient Cities, 2018<br>The last two decades have witnessed the steady growth of the construction industry in Uganda and with it the increase in demand and supply of construction materials to support the industry. However, this trend in the two industries has been marred with escalating environmental impacts and high embodied energy along their life cycle processes. In addition, effective policies have not co-evolved fast enough towards facilitating the sustainable growth of the two sectors. This study aimed to investigate this scenario based on a qualitative study approach focusing on cement and burnt clay bricks as the two most extensively used and locally produced construction materials in Uganda. The study applies the concept of life cycle impact analysis based on the systems and processes adopted by two case study producers (Hima Cement Limited for cement and Butende Brick Works for burnt clay bricks) in order to assess the environmental impacts of the materials. This is followed by an assessment of how the respective policies have evolved towards ensuring the sustainable cradle to gate processes for the sector. Primary data from interviews and direct field observations were complemented with secondary data from statistics archives, policy documents, print media, and published academic articles on both sectors.
The study finds that the construction industry’s contribution to the GDP grew from 800 million to 41 billion shillings over the 2001 to 2016 period while the respective production of brick and cement products grew by 94% over the same period. The accompanying environmental impacts findings indicate high GHG and particulate matter emissions, wastes and ecological habitat degradation as the critical ones for cement and high levels of deforestation as well as ecological habitat degradation for the bricks. Additionally, the data did not reveal any coordinated efforts towards incentivising the emergence and promotion of alternative materials. On the co-evolution of responsive policies, the study finds a pattern of fragmented and incoherently executed policy frameworks in spite of the reported evidence of the escalating negative impacts. The key recommendations include more systematic reporting and tracking of related growth and impacts, co-evolution of more coherent and systematic policy response, incentivising emergence of alternative materials as well as improved efficiencies across both production and use-disposal stages of both materials.
Key words: Uganda, construction materials sector, co-evolution of policies, burnt clay bricks, cement, life cycle impact assessment, embodied energy.<br>XL2019
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Pavan, G. S. "Behaviour Of FRP Strengthened Masonry In Compression And Shear." Thesis, 2012. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2292.
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Masonry structures constitute a significant portion of building stock worldwide. Seismic performance of unreinforced masonry has been far from satisfactory. Masonry is purported to be a major source of hazard during earthquakes by reconnaissance surveys conducted aftermath of an earthquake. Reasons for the poor performance of masonry structures are more than one namely lack of deformational capacity, poor tensile strength & lack of earthquake resistance features coupled with poor quality control and large variation in strength of materials employed. Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) composites have emerged as an efficient strengthening technique for reinforced concrete structures over the past two decades. Present thesis is focused towards analysing the behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) strengthened masonry under axial compression and in-plane shear loading. Determination of in-planes hear resistance of large masonry panels requires tremendous effort in terms of cost, labour and time. Masonry assemblages like prisms and triplets that represent the state of stress present in masonry walls and masonry in-fills when under the action of in-planes hear forces present an alternative option for research and analysis purposes. Hence, present research is focused towards analysing the performance of FRP strengthened masonry assemblages and unreinforced masonry assemblages.
Chapter1 provides a brief review on the behaviour of masonry shear walls and masonry in-fills under the action of in-plane shear forces in addition to the performance of masonry structures during past earthquakes. Review of available literature on FRP confinement of masonry prisms with bed joints inclined from 00 to 900 to the loading axis under axial compression, analytical models available for FRP confined concrete, shear strength of masonry triplets attached with FRP is presented.
Chapter 2 primarily focuses on determining the various properties of the materials involved in this research investigation. Test procedure and results of the tests conducted to determine the mechanical and related properties of the materials involved are presented. Elastic properties and stress-strain response of burnt clay brick, mortar and FRP laminates are presented.
Studies conducted on behaviour of GFRP confined masonry prisms under monotonic axial compression are included in Chapter 3. The study comprised of testing masonry prisms, both unconfined and FRP confined masonry prisms under axial compression. Stretcher bond and English bond prisms, with bed joints normal and parallel to loading axis are included in this study. Two grades of GFRP,360g/m2 and 600 g/m2 are employed to confine masonry prisms. The experimental program involved masonry prism types that accounted for variations in masonry bonding pattern, bed joint inclination to the loading axis and grade of GFRP. Review of the available analytical models predicting compressive strength of FRP confined masonry prism is presented. Available models for FRP confinement of masonry are re-calibrated using the present experimental data generating new coefficients for the already existing model to develop new expression for predicting the compressive strength of FRP confined prisms. In addition to the prism types mentioned earlier, behaviour of unconfined and GFRP confined stretcher bond prisms with bed joints inclined at 300, 450 & 600 to the loading axis are further investigated.
Chapter 4 primarily deals with the shear strength and deformational capacity of masonry triplets that represent joint shear failure in masonry. An experimental program involving masonry triplets attached with different types of FRP(GFRP and CFRP), grade of FRP, percentage area covered by FRP and reinforcement pattern is executed. This exercise determined the influence of these parameters over the enhancement achieved in terms of shear strength and ultimate displacement. Results of tests conducted on stretcher bond prisms presented in chapter 3 and results of tests on shear triplets presented in this chapter are combined to study the interaction between shear and normal stresses acting along the masonry bed joint at different angles of inclination.
The thesis culminated with chapter 5 as concluding remarks highlighting the salient
Information pertaining to the behaviour of FRP strengthened masonry under axial compression and in-plane shear loading obtained as an outcome of the research conducted as a part of this thesis.
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Pavan, G. S. "Behaviour Of FRP Strengthened Masonry In Compression And Shear." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2292.
Full textAbstract:
Masonry structures constitute a significant portion of building stock worldwide. Seismic performance of unreinforced masonry has been far from satisfactory. Masonry is purported to be a major source of hazard during earthquakes by reconnaissance surveys conducted aftermath of an earthquake. Reasons for the poor performance of masonry structures are more than one namely lack of deformational capacity, poor tensile strength & lack of earthquake resistance features coupled with poor quality control and large variation in strength of materials employed. Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) composites have emerged as an efficient strengthening technique for reinforced concrete structures over the past two decades. Present thesis is focused towards analysing the behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) strengthened masonry under axial compression and in-plane shear loading. Determination of in-planes hear resistance of large masonry panels requires tremendous effort in terms of cost, labour and time. Masonry assemblages like prisms and triplets that represent the state of stress present in masonry walls and masonry in-fills when under the action of in-planes hear forces present an alternative option for research and analysis purposes. Hence, present research is focused towards analysing the performance of FRP strengthened masonry assemblages and unreinforced masonry assemblages.
Chapter1 provides a brief review on the behaviour of masonry shear walls and masonry in-fills under the action of in-plane shear forces in addition to the performance of masonry structures during past earthquakes. Review of available literature on FRP confinement of masonry prisms with bed joints inclined from 00 to 900 to the loading axis under axial compression, analytical models available for FRP confined concrete, shear strength of masonry triplets attached with FRP is presented.
Chapter 2 primarily focuses on determining the various properties of the materials involved in this research investigation. Test procedure and results of the tests conducted to determine the mechanical and related properties of the materials involved are presented. Elastic properties and stress-strain response of burnt clay brick, mortar and FRP laminates are presented.
Studies conducted on behaviour of GFRP confined masonry prisms under monotonic axial compression are included in Chapter 3. The study comprised of testing masonry prisms, both unconfined and FRP confined masonry prisms under axial compression. Stretcher bond and English bond prisms, with bed joints normal and parallel to loading axis are included in this study. Two grades of GFRP,360g/m2 and 600 g/m2 are employed to confine masonry prisms. The experimental program involved masonry prism types that accounted for variations in masonry bonding pattern, bed joint inclination to the loading axis and grade of GFRP. Review of the available analytical models predicting compressive strength of FRP confined masonry prism is presented. Available models for FRP confinement of masonry are re-calibrated using the present experimental data generating new coefficients for the already existing model to develop new expression for predicting the compressive strength of FRP confined prisms. In addition to the prism types mentioned earlier, behaviour of unconfined and GFRP confined stretcher bond prisms with bed joints inclined at 300, 450 & 600 to the loading axis are further investigated.
Chapter 4 primarily deals with the shear strength and deformational capacity of masonry triplets that represent joint shear failure in masonry. An experimental program involving masonry triplets attached with different types of FRP(GFRP and CFRP), grade of FRP, percentage area covered by FRP and reinforcement pattern is executed. This exercise determined the influence of these parameters over the enhancement achieved in terms of shear strength and ultimate displacement. Results of tests conducted on stretcher bond prisms presented in chapter 3 and results of tests on shear triplets presented in this chapter are combined to study the interaction between shear and normal stresses acting along the masonry bed joint at different angles of inclination.
The thesis culminated with chapter 5 as concluding remarks highlighting the salient
Information pertaining to the behaviour of FRP strengthened masonry under axial compression and in-plane shear loading obtained as an outcome of the research conducted as a part of this thesis.
Books on the topic "Burnt Clay Bricks"
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Ajay Singh Chauhan & Er. Avani Chopra. Incorporation of Textile Mill Sludge and Fly Ash in Burnt Clay Brick Manufacturing. Independently Published, 2017.
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Er. Ajay Singh Chauhan & Er. Avani Chopra. Incorporation of Textile Mill Sludge and Fly Ash in Burnt Clay Brick Manufacturing. Independently Published, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Burnt Clay Bricks"
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Nagaraju, T. Vamsi, and Alireza Bahrami. "Sustainable Geopolymer Bricks Manufacturing Using Rice Husk Ash: An Alternative to Fired Clay Bricks." In Sustainable Structures and Buildings. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46688-5_5.
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AbstractFired clay bricks and cement bricks are commonly used in the construction industry. However, the greenhouse gas emissions and high energy use involved in production of fired clay bricks and cement bricks favor the utilization of geopolymer bricks instead. A change to geopolymer bricks would significantly improve the present housing and agricultural biomass waste problems. Using agricultural biomass ash waste to create sustainable products is one alternative. Products that have been alkali-activated are said to be cost-efficient and sustainably produced and contain no Portland cement. In this chapter, geopolymer bricks were prepared with waste brick powder (passed through 300 μm sieve), rice husk ash, and alkaline solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) with different percentages of precursors. Geopolymer bricks were tested for the bulk density, water absorption, wet compressive strength, and dry compressive strength. This study also deals with the sustainability analysis of geopolymer bricks. Geopolymer bricks achieved a desirable range of the compressive strength, and they technically showed promising results and met the standard specifications for bricks. By utilizing geopolymer bricks as an alternative for burnt bricks in buildings, this recycling technique can have positive environmental benefits.
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Jahagirdar, Shrikant, Vinayak Patki, Nikhil More, et al. "Roadside Dust-Amended Novel Burnt Clay Brick." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4852-5_70.
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Gupta, Ankita, and Piyali Debnath. "Comparing the Emerging Walling Materials to the Burnt Clay Brick." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94514-5_20.
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Khuzwayo, Bonga. "Flexural Bond Strength Analysis of Dry vs. Water Saturated Burnt Clay Brick Prisms: Pilot Study." In Towards a Sustainable Construction Industry: The Role of Innovation and Digitalisation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22434-8_30.
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Krishna, P. UmaSai, K. Ramana Reddy, L. Indumathi Devi, V. RadhaKrishna, and D. Pavan Kumar. "Experimental Investigation on the Strengths of Cement Bricks Using Fly Ash and Rice Husk Wastes." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3398-3.ch004.
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Bricks have been a crucial component of building and construction for thousands of years. Burnt Clay brick production is a complex process that requires significant energy and resources, despite its consistent workability and accessibility. Recycling materials are being utilized in various projects to reduce the carbon footprint and organic clay used in the brick industry. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of recent brick studies, categorizing them based on materials and production techniques used to create innovative bricks, aiming to understand the modern context of sustainable and innovative bricks over the past few decades. The bricks are being strengthened using industry waste material flash and Agricultural waste Rice husk as cement replacements to achieve strength and environmental sustainability. The strength properties of cement bricks are assessed by comparing their performance with fly-ash and rice husk in different proportions. Future research should focus on improving mineral admixture reactivity in cement bricks at a reasonable cost.
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Raihan, Asif, Sarah Abdulsalam, Mohammad Al Masaied, and Md Maruf Mortula. "Life Cycle Assessment of Cementitious and Clay Bricks." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230781.
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Construction is a demanding sector, requiring substantial energy and non-renewable resources. Also, it causes detrimental environmental impact. Amongst all the building materials, traditional fire-burnt clay bricks are used exclusively in many developing countries. Although, significant efforts are put into encouraging the use of alternative bricks (e.g., cementitious bricks, clay bricks enhanced with organic matters, etc.) which are perceived to be viable environmentally and economically but to bring about true recognition of the exact level of effects on natural sphere, environmental offsets are not always quantified but conveyed orally when it comes to using conventional bricks, being largely unaware of the harmful effects it brings during all the stages of manufacture, transportation and installation of the stated product. Past scientific sources covered life cycle assessment of traditional bricks with suitable substitutes along with their comparative analysis. Also, the challenges of obtaining accurate data to conduct the evaluation were focused upon. But most of the previous works did not conduct an expanded examination of clay and other types of bricks by considering many environmental categories. This paper aimed at investigating the life cycle analysis of two 1m*1m walls made with clay and cement bricks respectively using SIMAPRO software. Seven impact classes were considered to carry out the assessment such as climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, human toxicity, and photochemical oxidation. Results showed that utilizing cement bricks in the fabrication of structural members posed lower impact to the environment compared to the wall made with traditional bricks.
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Paul Sunanda and Dey Gopinandan. "Use of crushed brick aggregate in structural concrete: properties and performance." In Construction Materials and Structures. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-378.
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A comprehensive test program was conducted to investigate upon the use of crushed brick aggregate in structural concrete. In Tripura, a tiny state in the North-eastern India and some places of West Bengal, India and in Bangladesh where there is a scarcity of natural stone aggregates, burnt clay bricks are used as a potential source of coarse aggregate and performance of concrete made with broken brick as coarse aggregate has been found quite extensive and satisfactory (M.A. Rashid et al.). But the current designs for brick aggregate concrete are based on existing nominal mix concrete codes for natural stone aggregates and experience. The presented paper depicts an effort to establish a proper mix design procedure which would satisfy the requirements of using such aggregate whereas the Indian Standard code of recommended guidelines for concrete mix design suggests only the use of naturally occurring crushed or uncrushed aggregates. Based on physical standard and strength criteria, a comparative study was conducted among concrete properties made with brick aggregate in different saturation conditions as well as with natural stone aggregate. Test results were satisfactory for strength criteria and suggestions are proposed to promote the suitability of using crushed brick aggregate in concrete for structural use.
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Sakhlecha, Manish, Samir Bajpai, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment." In Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Well-Being Considerations in Buildings and Architecture. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9032-4.ch006.
Full textAbstract:
Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.
Conference papers on the topic "Burnt Clay Bricks"
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Ali, Messai, Linda Berrekbia, Ikram Meramria, et al. "Potential of using zinc processing tailings (ZPT's) in the production of burnt clay bricks." In Proceedings of XVI International Mineral Processing and Recycling Conference, Belgrade, 28-30.05.2025. University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/imprc25171a.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc processing tailings (ZPTs) from the Kharzet Youcef processing complex (Setif-Algeria) are mainly stockpiled in tailings dumps without use, occupying a significant area with potentially influencing the environment and human health. Incorporating ZPTs in building materials manufacturing is an effective solution to meet the dual objectives of environmental protection and economic development. The study investigates the influence of integrating ZPTs to partially replace clays and firing temperature on the physic-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks (FCB). Microstructural, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of ZPT and clays were carried out by SEM-EDS, XRF and XRD, respectively. Seven mixtures were produced with various percentages of ZPTs added to clays (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) and were fired to three different temperatures (950, 1000 and 1050 °C) at a ramp rate of 5 °C. Physic-mechanical tests were carried out on different brick specimens, and the results obtained showed the FCB incorporated with 30% of ZPTs produced the highest flexural strength of 6.24 MPa, compressive resistance of 29.78 MPa, bulk density of 1.37 g/cm3 and water absorption of 15.1% at 900 °C. Therefore, recycling ZPTs for FCB manufacturing is a feasible alternative waste disposal solution for sustainable development while reducing negative environmental impacts.
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Maithel, Sameer. "Improved burnt clay brick masonry: lowering upfront embodied carbon, improving thermal comfort and climate resilience of new housing in the Indo-Gangetic Plains." In Comfort at The Extremes 2023. CEPT University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62744/cate.45273.1190-452-461.
Full textAbstract:
The urban residential building footprint is expected to increase four-fold during 2020-2050 in the Indo-Gangetic Plains region of India. The business-as-usual construction technology of RCC frame with solid burnt clay brick as the walling material use large quantities of steel, concrete and solid brick and is highly resource and carbon intensive. The region produces 110-140 billion solid burnt clay bricks per year. Brick production is associated with large energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, air pollution and degradation of agricultural land. The study presents an innovative new burnt clay product – vertically cored interlocking burnt clay block that is being manufactured by a brick manufacturer in the region. The study presents the results of the life cycle analysis (as per EN 15804) and quantifies reductions in carbon and resource consumption for the product and the building element (wall). The analysis is based on the data collected from the industry. The cradle to gate analysis shows a reduction of 31% in the CO2 emissions (kgCO2/m3 of burnt product) and 58% in soil consumption (m3 of soil/m3 of burnt product) for the vertically cored hollow block. A 150 mm thick wall made of vertically cored hollow block results in 55% reduction in the CO2 emissions (kgCO2/m2 of wall) when compared to a 230 mm thick wall of solid brick. In addition, the cement consumption in mortar reduces by 66% and sand consumption by 62% per m2 of wall area. The study further indicates a significant reduction in concrete and steel consumption by extending the analysis to the building level.