Academic literature on the topic 'Burrowing mammal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Burrowing mammal"
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Haussmann, Natalie S. "Soil movement by burrowing mammals." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 1 (2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316662569.
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Mammal burrowing plays an important role in soil translocation and habitat creation in many environments. As a consequence, many burrowing mammals have at some point been studied in an ecosystem engineering context. From a geomorphological point of view, one of the focus areas of burrowing mammal research is on the amount of soil that is excavated and the rate at which this happens. As such, reviews exist on the volumes and rates of sediment removal by burrowing mammals in specific environments or for specific groups of species. Here, a standardised comparison of mammal burrowing across a broad range of burrowing mammal species and environments is provided, focussing on both burrow volume and excavation rate. Through an ISI Web of Science-based literature search, articles presenting estimates of burrow volumes and/or excavation rate were identified. Relationships between species body size and burrow volume/excavation rate were explored and the influence of sociality and method of burrow volume estimation were assessed. The results show that, although larger species construct larger burrows, it is the smaller species that remove more sediment per unit time at larger, site-level spatial scales. Burrow volume estimates are, however, independent of species sociality (solitary versus group-living) and method of burrow volume estimation (excavation-based versus mound-based). These results not only confirm previously established relationships between species body size and burrow volume, but, more importantly, they also add to this, by exploring larger scale impacts of burrowing mammals along a body size gradient.
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Baláž, Ivan, and Martina Zigová. "Flea Communities on Small Mammals in Lowland Environment." Ekológia (Bratislava) 39, no. 3 (2020): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2020-0020.
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AbstractThe landscape of south-western Slovakia is characterised by anthropogenous reshaping, while fragments of undisturbed, waterlogged habitats have been preserved in what remains of the meandering ancient Žitava River. These refuges are inhabited by various small mammal species and their blood-sucking ectoparasites. Between 2014 and 2018, research on them was carried out in Slovakia’s Danubian Lowland (Podunajská nížina) during three out of the four seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The small mammals were captured at 27 localities. The occurrence of nine flee species from the Hystrichopsyllidae, Ctenophthalmidae and Ceratophyllidae families was documented on 12 small burrowing mammals. During the course of all the seasons in which research was conducted, Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, C. assimilis, Megabothris turbidus a Nosopsyllus fasciatus were found, among the most dominant species to be seen on small burrowing mammals.
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Thornett, Elizabeth, Bertram Ostendorf, and David A. Taggart. "Interspecies co-use of southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) burrows." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 2 (2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15052.
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Burrows can provide refuge for both burrowing and non-burrowing species within harsh environments through protection from climatic extremes, water loss and predation. In Australia, however, despite having a rich diversity of burrowing mammals, little is known about the use of burrows by non-burrowing species. This study aimed to identify the extent of co-use of southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) burrows on Wedge Island off the coast of South Australia. Burrow use was monitored using 34 motion-activated cameras placed outside wombat burrows between March and September 2015. Eleven species were found to use burrows, with six commensal species observed using burrows on numerous occasions. These included two mammal species (black-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis pearsoni; brush-tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata), three reptile species (peninsula dragon, Ctenophorus fionni; southern sand-skink, Liopholis multiscutata; White’s skink, Liopholis whitii), and one avian species (little penguin, Eudyptula minor). The most common species observed using burrows was the black-footed rock-wallaby, which was recorded using burrows 1795 times. Observations of wombats using burrows were made 1674 times. The prevalent use of burrows on Wedge Island by species other than wombats is an observation with potentially important and broad ecological, conservation, and management implications across Australia’s arid and semiarid zones.
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Smith, Matthew Denman, and Courtney J. Conway. "Collection of Mammal Manure and Other Debris By Nesting Burrowing Owls." Journal of Raptor Research 45, no. 3 (2011): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-10-63.1.
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Woodroffe, Rosie, and John L. Hoogland. "The Black-Tailed Prairie Dog: Social Life of a Burrowing Mammal." Journal of Animal Ecology 65, no. 3 (1996): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5887.
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Nunes, Scott. "The black-tailed prairie dog: Social life of a burrowing mammal." Animal Behaviour 50, no. 4 (1995): 1138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80115-4.
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Koprowski, John L., and John L. Hoogland. "The Black-Tailed Prairie Dog: Social Life of a Burrowing Mammal." Journal of Wildlife Management 60, no. 4 (1996): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802401.
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Thapa, Prakash. "An Overview of Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla): Its General Biology, Status, Distribution and Conservation Threats in Nepal." Initiation 5 (April 19, 2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10267.
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Chinese Pangolin is nocturnal, shy, non-aggressive, solitary, strange and burrowing mammal which has received low scientific attention. Little information is known about its biology, distribution and status. In Nepal it is distributed in many districts and protected areas. The status of this mammal is decreasing in the country but there is no any research regarding its biology, status and distribution. Although, this mammal is protected nationally and internationally, it is facing too much problems due to habitat destruction and illegal trade. This article mainly focuses on the biology, status, distribution and conservation threats of this ecologically beneficial handsome creature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10267 The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 164-170
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Smith, Matthew D., and Courtney J. Conway. "Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses." Animal Behaviour 73, no. 1 (2007): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012.
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Bannister, Hannah L., Catherine E. Lynch, and Katherine E. Moseby. "Predator swamping and supplementary feeding do not improve reintroduction success for a threatened Australian mammal, Bettongia lesueur." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15020.
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Broad-scale Australian mammal declines following European settlement have resulted in many species becoming regionally or globally extinct. Attempts to reintroduce native mammals are often unsuccessful due to a suboptimal number of founders being used, high rates of predation and a lack of knowledge of the reintroduction biology for the species concerned. We trialled predator swamping and supplementary feeding in an attempt to offset predation and improve reintroduction success for the burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) in arid South Australia. We compared population longevity of a large release group (1266 animals) with five releases of smaller groups (~50 animals at each). We compared release sites with (n = 5) and without (n = 1) supplementary food to determine whether site fidelity, body condition and reproduction were affected, and whether these traits aided population establishment. Predator swamping did not facilitate reintroduction success, with no bettongs detected more than 122 days after release. While supplementary food increased site fidelity and persistence at release sites, bettongs failed to establish successfully at any site. Neither predator swamping nor supplementary feeding enhanced reintroduction success at our sites but results suggested that supplementary feeding should be explored as an aid to reintroduction success for Australian mammals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Burrowing mammal"
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Wilson, Tammy L. "A Multi-scale Evaluation of Pygmy Rabbit Space Use in a Managed Landscape." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/706.
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Habitat selection has long been viewed as a multi-scale process. Observed species responses to resource gradients are influenced by variation at the scale of the individual, population, metapopulation, and geographic range. Understanding how species interact with habitat at multiple levels presents a complete picture of an organism and is necessary for conservation of endangered species. The main goal of this dissertation is to evaluate distribution, relative abundance, and habitat selection of a rare species, the pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis, at multiple scales in order to improve management and conservation for this species.
At the broadest scale, pygmy rabbit occurrence and relative abundance were modeled in the Duck Creek allotment of northern Utah using a hierarchical spatial model. Pygmy rabbits are not easily observable, and the model used two levels of indirect detection to make statistically rigorous spatial predictions. We found that the model predicted the general pattern of rabbit occurrence and abundance within the study area, and that there was spatial heterogeneity in the probability of pygmy rabbit occurrence within a study domain that was known to be occupied. The resulting model framework could be used to develop a long-term monitoring program for pygmy rabbits and other species for which hierarchically nested levels of indirect observation are collected.
The mid-scale analysis evaluated pygmy rabbit home range placement and movement with respect to sagebrush removal treatments using null models based on an optimal central place foraging behavior. While placement of home-range centers did not appear to be affected by the treatments, within-home range movements were farther from treatments than expected by the null models for two rabbits (of eight), and rabbits that approached treatment edges were less likely to enter treatments than expected by chance. Rabbits are not extirpated from sites that have been treated, but the observed reluctance to enter treated patches calls for caution when conducting sagebrush removal treatments near occupied pygmy rabbit burrows.
At the finest level of resolution, the spatial ecology of pygmy rabbit use of burrows was evaluated. Both the placement of burrows in general and pygmy rabbit use of burrows were clustered. While the habitat gradients experienced by each of the rabbits evaluated affected the modeled habitat selection responses, some generalities were observed. Selection of high cover suggests that pygmy rabbit use of burrows may be linked to predator avoidance behavior. Additionally, pygmy rabbit use of clustered burrows affects management actions including: habitat modeling, monitoring, and species introduction. Explicit attention to resource distribution will improve efforts to predict species responses to management actions.
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Hippolyte, Jacques. "Recherches sur Microtus arvalis pallas en altitude (Pyrénées occidentales). : Ecologie et rôle dans la bioturbation." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3015.
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Yuan, Shou Li, and 袁守立. "Phylogeographic Variation in Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Region of Formosan Burrowing Shrew, Anourosorex squamipes yamashinai (Mammalia: Insectivora)." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81939338233184094079.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>生物學系<br>91<br>Anourosorex squamipes, which is the monotypic species in the genus Anourosorex, is distributed from Tonkin, through Burma to Szechuan, China and Taiwan, showing a disjunct distribution pattern. The Taiwanese form was described as a subspecies A. squamipes yamashinai and occurs in the mountainous areas of Taiwan. The purpose of my study is to investigate the genetic variation within Taiwan population and compare the divergence with disjunct population in Mainland China. Moreover, I will try to explain the possible process and divergence time that caused the isolation.
Liver tissues were obtained from 78 individuals who were collected at 19 localities in Taiwan. Those of 8 individuals from Nan-Chung city and 2 individuals from Main-Yang City in Szechuan province were prepared also. The cytochrome b fragment was amplified using PCR with two primers designed newly. The partial sequences (737 bp) of all specimens from Southwestern China and Taiwan were successfully determined. The complete sequences (1140 bp) of cytochrome b gene were also determined from 5 specimens of Mt. Houhuan in Taiwan and 2 specimens of Main-Yang City in Szechuan province. Those complete sequences were used to explain the evolutionary relationship between two populations of Taiwan and Southwestern China. In a result of phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences, 28 haplotypes were identified with 43 variable sites of Taiwan population. The results of phylogenetic trees were indicating that Taiwan population distinctly diverged from Southwestern China population and 28 haplotypes in Taiwan were clustered into two groups (Northern and Southern groups). In addition, there were 7 diagnostic sites could be used to distinguish both groups of Taiwan. The genetic distances between Northern group in Taiwan and Southwestern China population was almost similar to that between Southern group in Taiwan and Southwestern China population. Furthermore, the haplotype diversity (h) and fixation index (FST) were revealed that the divergence would be significantly high within Taiwan population. This result was supported by AMOVA test also.
In a result of analysis of complete cytochrome b gene sequences, an intraspecies variation (6%) was indicated from the genetic distance between Taiwan and Southwestern China population. Analysis of divergence time based on molecular clock theory was revealed that Taiwan and Southwestern China population was separated at 0.72 Mya and the two groups of Taiwan population were separated at 0.19 Mya. From these data, the invasion of A. squamipes from continent to Taiwan might have been occurred once. The population of A. squamipes might have reached at the western area of Taiwan during the Günz glacial period and then been distributed into Taiwan. After glacial period, the population could have been reduced, and took refuge to the middle-elevation of mountainous area, with the "bottleneck effect". So, the two groups could have been isolated by topography of Taiwan and evolved independently.
Books on the topic "Burrowing mammal"
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The black-tailed prairie dog: Social life of a burrowing mammal. University of Chicago Press, 1995.
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Nevo, Eviatar. Mosaic evolution of subterranean mammals: Regression, progression, and global convergence. Oxford University Press, 1999.
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Eviatar, Nevo, and Reig Osvaldo, eds. Evolution of subterranean mammals at the organismal and molecular levels: Proceedings of the fifth International Theriological Congress held in Rome, Italy, August 22-29, 1989. Wiley-Liss, 1990.
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Mosaic Evolution of Subterranean Mammals: Regression, Progression, and Global Convergence. Oxford University Press, USA, 2000.
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Wilsey, Brian J. Factors Maintaining and Regulating Grassland Structure and Function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0003.
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Intrinsic disturbances are processes that have occurred on an evolutionary time scale, and include fire, wind-damage, digging or burrowing by fossorial mammals, defoliation, and trampling by native large mammals. Grassland species evolved with intrinsic disturbances, and they can be important in maintaining grassland community structure and functioning. Adaptations to fire include short herbaceous stature, high allocation belowground, ability to resprout, and smoke-induced seed germination. Fire interacts with grazing because grazing reduces litter (fuel) load, and fires affect forage quality. Plants can tolerate some level of herbivory in most grasslands. Adaptations that enable grassland plants to resist grazing are similar to plant adaptations to fire. Drought can affect grasslands at a variety of time scales. Vegetative reproduction can allow rapid recolonization after droughts have ended. Plowing is the most common disturbance affecting grasslands, and it has been used to transform native grasslands into crop fields and simplified pasture.
Book chapters on the topic "Burrowing mammal"
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Dzal, Yvonne A., and William K. Milsom. "Neonates of Burrowing and Hibernating Mammals." In Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in the Newborn. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367494018-6.
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Kemp, T. S. "3. The origin of mammals." In Mammals: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198766940.003.0003.
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‘The origin of mammals’ considers the evolutionary history of mammals using the fossil record to chart their developmental progress. It looks at a group of ‘pre-mammals’, the Synapsids—mammal-like reptiles—including pelycosaurs from 320 mya in the Upper Carboniferous. Then came the therapsids from c.260 mya in the Middle Permian, when the world was increasingly arid. Then 250 mya a mass extinction event wiped out over 90 per cent of animals and plants. Miraculously, a few therapsids survived including the burrowing dicynodont called Lystrosaurus and cynodonts that evolved throughout the Triassic and gave rise to mammals. The earliest mammal was a mouse-sized animal called Morganucodon from 200 mya.
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Stapp, Paul, and Beatrice Van Horne. "Ecology of Mammals of the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0012.
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At first glance, the shortgrass steppe seems to offer little in the way of habitat for mammals. The expansive rolling plains, with little topographic relief or vegetative cover, provide minimal protection from predators or the harsh weather typical of the region. The short stature of the dominant native grasses prevents the development of any significant litter layer, and although snowfall can often be significant, too little accumulates to form the subnivean habitats that support small mammal populations in forests and more productive grasslands in winter. As a consequence, ecologists have typically considered the vertebrate fauna of the shortgrass steppe to be depauperate compared with other Great Plains grasslands, a hardy collection of generalists living in sparse populations. Although this characterization may generally be accurate, it has led mammalian ecologists to overlook the fauna of the shortgrass steppe in favor of that of other grasslands. It is precisely these circumstances, however, that suggest that a long-term approach may be necessary to understand the dynamics of mammal populations here. Relatively few such studies have been completed to date, but we can use the comparative and experimental results that are available to begin to determine what factors might be important. Here we review research on mammals in the shortgrass steppe, with the goal of identifying the general patterns and processes that contribute to them. Our review is roughly divided into four parts. We begin by describing the mammal communities and their broad habitat associations in shortgrass steppe environments. We then review the history of mammal research in the region to synthesize what these studies (many unpublished) have taught us about the most important determinants of the distribution and abundance of native species. Studies of mammal\ populations in the northern shortgrass steppe have spanned nearly 40 years, and we next describe some major patterns that have emerged from studies during this period. Much of this past research focused on the role of mammals in the structure and function of shortgrass steppe ecosystems, and we revisit this issue in some detail, with special emphasis on the important and sometimes controversial role of prairie dogs and other burrowing rodents. Finally, we end by considering how humans, and especially agriculture and its related activities, affect the diversity, abundance, and persistence of resident mammal populations.
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Prentice, Michael B. "Plague: Yersinia pestis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070616_update_001.
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Bubonic plague is a flea-borne zoonosis caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, which mainly affects small burrowing mammals including domestic rats. Human disease occurs in endemic countries—currently mainly in Africa (including Madagascar)—following bites from fleas recently hosted by a bacteraemic animal. Historical use of ...
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Prentice, Michael. "Plague: Yersinia pestis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0121.
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Bubonic plague is a flea-borne zoonosis caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, which mainly affects small burrowing mammals including domestic rats. Human disease occurs in endemic countries—currently mainly in Africa (including Madagascar)—following bites from fleas recently hosted by a bacteraemic animal. Historical use of Y. pestis as a biological warfare agent has raised fears of its future use in bioterrorism. The commonest presentation is acute painful lymphadenitis (80–95% of suspected cases), with sudden onset of fever, chills, weakness, headache, and development of an intensely painful swollen lymph node (bubo). Primary septicaemia with no bubo occurs in 10% of cases. Spread to the lungs occurs in less than 10% of cases, resulting in pneumonia which can result in onward respiratory transmission by droplet infection. Overall mortality without treatment is 50–90%.
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Ehrenfeld, David. "Obsolescence." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0016.
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At the end of the Cretaceous period, the last dinosaurs disappeared from the earth, setting off an evolutionary jubilee among the Milquetoast-like mammals that survived them, and preparing the ground for what was to become, 65 million years later, a permanent source of gainful occupation for scientists whose job it is to wonder why the dinosaurs died out. Scores of reasons have been given for this remarkable concatenation of extinctions. Global climate and sea level were changed by a city-sized asteroid striking the earth near what is now the Yucatan, or by a massive set of volcanic eruptions, or by the solar system passing through the core of a giant molecular cloud, perhaps colliding with a supercomet loosened from the Oort cluster, which orbits the Sun beyond Pluto. Theories of catastrophic extinction abound. Some of the most daring even conjure up the specter of an unseen companion star to our Sun, named Nemesis, whose eccentric orbit brings a wave of potentially deadly comet showers—and extinctions—every 26 million years. But there are also paleontologists who argue that the dinosaurs went away gradually, not suddenly, over a period of millions of years, and that toward the end they coexisted with the earliest hooved mammals, including ancestors of horses, cows, and sheep. If extinction was gradual, a different line of thought opens up: perhaps the dinosaurs died out because they couldn’t adapt and compete in a changing world. The big lummoxes were obsolete. I heard about the dinosaurs’ obsolescence back in my student days. It was as satisfying a notion then as it is today, especially if you didn’t think about it too hard. Here were these lumbering, pea-brained reptiles, barely able to walk and chew gum at the same time, while all around and underneath them, cleverly hiding behind clumps of primitive vegetation and cleverly burrowing in tunnels in the ground, were the nerdy but smart little mammals about to emerge from the shadows and begin their ascent to glory—somewhat, it occurs to me now, like Bill Gates in the waning days of heavy manufacturing.
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Hough, Susan Elizabeth, and Roger G. Bilham. "The Age of Construction." In After the Earth Quakes. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195179132.003.0016.
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As the human population of our planet rises to hitherto unprecedented levels, we find ourselves wondering whether the half-century from 1990 to 2040 might be remembered not so much as the age when the oil ran out, as the age of construction. Never before have we built so many dwellings, roads, dams, and civic structures than will be constructed during the span of this half-century. A little reflection suggests that in our (allegedly) highly evolved society, with our sophisticated knowledge of the forces of nature and the strengths of materials, we would be stupid to commit the unforgivable sin of knowingly constructing buildings that will crush and maim our descendants. Yet in many parts of the world this is indeed what we are doing. Homo sapiens decided long ago to live in houses. Other animals do it, but rarely do they build such precarious structures as do humans. The nests of birds are woven to be resilient, mammals and reptiles live in caves selected for their permanence, burrows are dug by animals content with the knowledge that a little more burrowing is all that’s needed to keep the walls in place, or the driveway clear. Only humans spend at least eight hours of every turn of the planet within a dwelling assembled from a variety of materials that are often close to the point of structural failure, and often without considering the consequences of constructing permanent dwellings in regions subject to geologically extreme events. The shift from Homo the hunter-gatherer to Homo urbanensis means that many of the remaining 16 hours of each day are spent in another structure, more often than not also assembled with an eye on thrift —maximum volume for minimum cost. Even the journey to and from these different structures can expose humans to seismic risks—as is evident from the collapse of bridges and overpasses in recent earthquakes. The damage done by an earthquake is caused by shaking, either directly or indirectly (via landslides, etc.). Shaking involves accelerations: the rate at which speed changes or, in qualitative terms, what can be thought of as “jerkiness.”
Reports on the topic "Burrowing mammal"
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Landeen, D. S. The influence of small mammal burrowing activity on water storage at the Hanford Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186275.
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