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Journal articles on the topic 'Burrup'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Johnson, Michael S., Sean Stankowski, Peter G. Kendrick, Zoë R. Hamilton, and Roy J. Teale. "Diversity, complementary distributions and taxonomy of Rhagada land snails (Gastropoda : Camaenidae) on the Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 30, no. 4 (2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15046.

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Phylogenetic diversity of Rhagada land snails is high on the Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia, with four distinct clades, representing three of the four major clades of the Pilbara region. Detailed sampling indicated little geographic overlap of the four clades, conforming to the general rarity of congeneric sympatry in Australian camaenids. The diversity on the Burrup Peninsula includes three previously unclassified morphotypes. One of these lies within the broad endemic clade of the adjacent Dampier Archipelago, and is provisionally assigned to the island species R. perprima, based on phylogenetic evidence. The two other undescribed morphotypes constitute an endemic clade that is the sister group of the broader Dampier Archipelago clade. All COI p-distances within clades are less than 6%, whereas nearly all distances between clades exceed 10%, the gap corresponding to differences among species of Rhagada generally. One morphotype in the Burrup Peninsula endemic clade has a low spire and a distinctive keel, and is restricted to a single rockpile. Detailed local sampling revealed gradation between this form and the more widely distributed globose morphotype. On the basis of genetic similarity and morphological continuity, we describe the morphologically variable endemic Burrup Peninsula clade as Rhagada ngurrana, sp. nov., which has a distribution spanning only 9 km.

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Lukatela, Tom, and Holly Thomas. "Transition to tolling third-party gas at Karratha Gas Plant: an attractive investment which unlocks infrastructure utilisation." APPEA Journal 63, no. 2 (2023): S125—S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj22257.

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In December 2020, the North West Shelf (NWS) Project participants executed fully-termed third-party Gas Processing Agreements with Woodside Burrup Pty Ltd (Woodside Burrup), for gas from the Pluto fields, and with subsidiaries of Mitsui & Co Ltd and Beach Energy Limited (Mitsui and Beach), for the Waitsia Gas Project Stage 2. These agreements underpinned final investment decisions in the infrastructure projects, business processes, and digital tools, necessary to process third-party gas from the Pluto-Karratha Gas Plant (KGP) Interconnector, and the Burrup Extension Pipeline (BEP). Tolling operations commenced at the NWS Project in March 2022 with the processing of gas delivered from Pluto through the Interconnector. The first Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cargo produced from gas through the Interconnector was loaded in April 2022. KGP is also expected to commence processing Waitsia gas via the BEP from 2023. Woodside CEO Meg O’Neill stated: ‘The start-up of the Pluto-KGP Interconnector provides access to spare capacity at Karratha Gas Plant to process gas owned by other resource owners, both onshore and offshore Western Australia. The commencement of Pluto gas flowing through the Interconnector is the first example of this… The commercial agreements underpinning third-party gas processing at the North West Shelf reflect the commitment of Woodside and the North West Shelf Project to maximising value from the significant infrastructure on the Burrup Peninsula’. The development of the necessary infrastructure, business/operational processes, and digital tools is a forward looking investment which unlocks an efficient market in third-party gas processing market at KGP.

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Vinnicombe, Patricia. "Salvage Archaeology of the Burrup Peninsula." Australian Archaeology 25, no. 1 (1987): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1987.12093125.

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Gregory, Jenny. "Stand Up for the Burrup: Saving the Largest Aboriginal Rock Art Precinct in Australia." Public History Review 16 (December 27, 2009): 92–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v16i0.1234.

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The Dampier Rock Art Precinct contains the largest and most ancient collection of Aboriginal rock art in Australia. The cultural landscape created by generations of Aboriginal people includes images of long-extinct fauna and demonstrates the response of peoples to a changing climate over thousands of years as well as the continuity of lived experience.   Despite Australian national heritage listing in 2007, this cultural landscape continues to be threatened by industrial development. Rock art on the eastern side of the archipelago, on the Burrup Peninsula, was relocated following the discovery of adjacent off-shore gas reserves so that a major gas plant could be constructed. Work has now begun on the construction of a second major gas plant nearby.   This article describes the rock art of the Dampier Archipelago and the troubled history of European-Aboriginal contact history, before examining the impact of industry on the region and its environment. The destruction of Aboriginal rock art to meet the needs of industry is an example of continuing indifference to Aboriginal culture. While the complex struggle to protect the cultural landscape of the Burrup, in particular, involving Indigenous people, archaeologists, historians, state and federal politicians, government bureaucrats and multi-national companies, eventually led to national heritage listing, it is not clear that the battle to save the Burrup has been won.

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O'Neill, Caitlin, Michael S. Johnson, Zoë R. Hamilton, and Roy J. Teale. "Molecular phylogenetics of the land snail genus Quistrachia (Gastropoda : Camaenidae) in northern Western Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 28, no. 3 (2014): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is13045.

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Recent collecting in the remote Pilbara region of Western Australia has revealed substantial increases in the apparent distributions of species of the genus Quistrachia, and the discovery of new forms, raising questions about the morphological taxonomy. To resolve these questions, we examined mtDNA sequences in all known species of Quistrachia, the unidentified new forms and other members of the subfamily Sinumeloninae. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of Quistrachia, including one of the new forms. The two other new forms represent new genera within the Sinumeloninae. Monophyly of each species was confirmed, with the exception of Q. legendrei, in which populations from the Dampier Archipelago and those from the adjacent Burrup Peninsula are in separate clades. Based on phylogeny and levels of divergence within other species in the genus, the Burrup populations appear to be conspecific with Q. turneri. This is supported by anatomical comparisons, but not by shell morphology, which may well reflect the evolutionary plasticity of shell form. Given the patchiness of searches for land snails in the largely inaccessible Pilbara region, additional species almost certainly remain to be discovered. Our study shows the value of including molecular analyses in determining the taxonomic status of new forms.

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Casement, William. "Art and Race: The Strange Case of Eddie Burrup." Society 53, no. 4 (2016): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-016-0037-1.

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Gleeson, Deirdre B., Matthias Leopold, Benjamin Smith, and John L. Black. "Rock-art microbiome: influences on long term preservation of historic and culturally important engravings." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 1 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18009.

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The Burrup Peninsula in north-west Western Australia is home to one of the most substantial collections of rock engravings, or petroglyphs, in the world. These petroglyphs are carved through the dark coloured patina, commonly referred to as rock varnish, into the weathering rind of the local parent rock. Rock varnish is essentially a thin layer of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides with embedded clay minerals, the formation of which is relatively poorly understood. It is generally considered to be a hostile environment for microorganisms due to extreme environmental conditions including low nutrient availability, lack of water, exposure to extreme ultraviolet radiation and intense seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations. However, despite these environmental extremes, microorganisms have been found on and in rock varnish and have been reported as playing a significant role in the formation of rock varnish. Given this, it is likely that any change in local environmental conditions will influence the types and activities of microorganisms found in and on rock varnish and associated rock art. This article focuses on the major influences on the microbiome of culturally important rock art in the Burrup Peninsula and the implications of any environmental change on the rock art itself.

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González Zarandona, José Antonio. "The Destruction of Heritage: Rock Art in the Burrup Peninsula." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 9, no. 1 (2011): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v09i01/43116.

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Zarandona, José. "The Destruction of Heritage: Rock Art in the Burrup Peninsula." Journal of Urban Culture Research 4, no. 1 (2012): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.jucr.4.1.5.

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Mulvaney, Ken. "Burrup Peninsula: Cultural Landscape and Industrial Hub, a 21st Century Conundrum." Landscape Research 40, no. 6 (2015): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2015.1057804.

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McDonald, Jo, Wendy Reynen, Kane Ditchfield, et al. "Murujuga Rockshelter: First evidence for Pleistocene occupation on the Burrup Peninsula." Quaternary Science Reviews 193 (August 2018): 266–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.002.

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González Zarandona, José Antonio. "Towards a Theory of Landscape Iconoclasm." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 2 (2015): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774314001024.

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‘Landscape: the land escapes (1) when we try to seize it with our maps, satellites, geographic information systems and Street Views, land is what evades our surveillance (2) land is the terrain of escape.’ (Cubitt 2012)‘Since the middle of the twentieth century, the claim that something is art does not imply what it might have meant at the end of the nineteenth century, when it was made out to be a hallmark of European high and bourgeois society.’ (Heyd 2012, 287)The destruction of Indigenous rock art sites in the Pilbara district in Western Australia has become a natural sight within the mining landscape of the area. Whilst much of the destruction is explained as acts of vandalism and as a result of the industrial activities that are propelling the Australian economy, I claim that a new theory of iconoclasm is needed to explain fully this disastrous example of heritage conservation. Henceforth, in order to explain the destruction of the Murujuga/Burrup Peninsula petroglyphs, the largest archaeological site in the world, this paper develops the theory of landscape iconoclasm. This theory states that the destruction of Indigenous landscapes can be compared to the destruction of religious images, by analysing the inherent symbolic functions of iconoclasm, together with those of heritage, the better to elucidate the state of affairs in the Murujuga/Burrup Peninsula. Furthermore, by drawing from Aboriginal mythology and art-historical and anthropological theories, the theory of landscape iconoclasm is able to explain the destruction of archaeological sites within a framework that falls outside prevalent discourses of heritage.

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Pillans, Brad. "Erosion rates of rock surfaces associated with Aboriginal rock art, Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1184.

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Lukatela, Tom. "Renewables, gas and batteries: reliable and efficient power for industry." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18069.

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Woodside believes gas-fired power and renewables are ideal partners to power industry. There are environmental and commercial reasons to integrate solar photovoltaic panels, or other intermittent renewable generation, with gas-fired power generation to support industry, especially in the Pilbara where sunlight is plentiful. This would increase energy efficiency, and reduce emissions, enabling a transformative shift towards a lower carbon future without compromising reliability or affordability. Woodside is studying a concept to integrate an industrial-scale solar farm, a battery energy storage system and reciprocating gas engines, to provide hybrid renewable, dispatchable, power generation for industry on the Burrup Peninsula. Feasibility studies have identified that a combination of solar photovoltaics, with high efficiency, fast starting, medium speed gas engines, can supply reliable power at world class energy efficiencies, while meeting local cyclonic design conditions and proposed grid stability requirements.

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Ramanaidou, E. R., and L. C. Fonteneau. "Rocky relationships: the petroglyphs of the Murujuga (Burrup Peninsula and Dampier Archipelago) in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, no. 5 (2019): 671–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1577299.

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Lewis, Jeff, and Belinda Lewis. "Rock art and mining violence on the Australian Burrup Peninsula: language wars, economy and culture." Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 15, no. 3 (2017): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2017.06.007.

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Sales, Kim. "Ascent to the sky. A shamanic initiatory engraving from the Burrup Peninsula, northwest Western Australia." Archaeology in Oceania 27, no. 1 (1992): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1992.tb00280.x.

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Stejskal, Iva V. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF NATURAL EVENTS AND INDUSTRY ACTIVITY IN MERMAID SOUND, DAMPIER ARCHIPELAGO." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91034.

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Various events, both natural and man-induced, have been identified as potential sources of disturbance to corals adjacent to the North West Shelf Project's Onshore Gas Treatment Plant on the Burrup Peninsula in the Dampier Archipelago. These events include cyclones, dredging and dredge spoil dumping operations, shipping activities, effluent discharge and oil spills.Environmental monitoring has indicated that the coral assemblages near the Onshore Gas Treatment Plant have been adversely affected by Project-related operations and tropical cyclones. The effects on corals due to dredging and spoil dumping activities have been shown to be localised and limited to a distance of 1.5 km from the nearest point of operation.Cyclone Ilona (1988) and Cyclone Orson (1989) were amongst the strongest recorded in the Dampier Archipelago. These cyclones caused extensive coral damage throughout the Archipelago, especially on the eastern side of Mermaid Sound. By 1990, recruitment of corals was observed at many of the sites indicating that corals were beginning to recover.

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Bird, Delys. "Rock Wallabies and Mayan Temples: The Landscapes of the Pilbara in Japanese Story and the Burrup Peninsula." Zeitschrift für Australienstudien / Australian Studies Journal 2122 (2008): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35515/zfa/asj.2122/200708.03.

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Black, John L., Ian D. MacLeod, and Benjamin W. Smith. "Theoretical effects of industrial emissions on colour change at rock art sites on Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12 (April 2017): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.02.026.

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Detkina, Anna, Dzianis Litskevitch, Aiden Peakman, and Bruno Merk. "Criticality Analysis for BWR Spent Fuel Based on the Burnup Credit Evaluation from Full Core Simulations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041498.

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This study performed criticality analysis for the GBC-68 storage cask loaded with boiling water reactor (BWR) spent fuel at the discharged burnups obtained from the full-core simulations. The analysis was conducted for: (1) different reloading scenarios; (2) target burnups; and (3) two fuel assembly types—GE14 and SVEA100—to estimate the impact each of the three factors has on the cask reactivity. The BWR spent fuel composition was estimated using the results of the nodal analysis for the advanced boiling water reactor (ABWR) core model developed in this study. The nodal calculations provided realistic operating data and axial burnup and coolant density profiles, for each fuel assembly in the reactor core. The estimated cask’s keff were compared with the fresh fuel and peak reactivity standards to identify the benefit of the burnup credit method applied to the BWR spent fuel at their potential discharge burnups. The analysis identified the significant cask criticality reduction from employing the burnup credit approach compared to the conventional fresh fuel approach. However, the criticality reduction was small compared to the peak reactivity approach, and could even disappear for low burnt fuel assemblies from non-optimal reloading patterns. In terms of cask manufacturing, the potential financial benefit from using the burnup credit approach was estimated to be USD 3.3 million per reactor cycle.

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Nawaz, Amjad, Yoshikawa Hidekazu, Ming Yang, and Anwar Hussain. "Thermal behavior analysis of PWR fuel during RIA at various fuel burnups using modified theatre code." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 4 (2016): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1604307n.

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The fuel irradiation and burnup causes geometrical and dimensional changes in the fuel rod which affects its thermal resistance and ultimately affects the fuel rod behavior during steady-state and transient conditions. The consistent analysis of fuel rod thermal performance is essential for precise evaluation of reactor safety in operational transients and accidents. In this work, analysis of PWR fuel rod thermal performance is carried out under steady-state and transient conditions at different fuel burnups. The analysis is performed by using thermal hydraulic code, THEATRe. The code is modified by adding burnup dependent fuel rod behavior models. The original code uses as-fabricated fuel rod dimensions during steady-state and transient conditions which can be modified to perform more consistent reactor safety analysis. AP1000 reactor is considered as a reference reactor for this analysis. The effect of burnup on steady-state fuel rod parameters has been investigated. For transient analysis, hypothetical reactivity initiated accident was simulated by considering a triangular power pulse of variable pulse height (relative to the full power reactor operating conditions) and pulse width at different fuel burnups which corresponds to fresh fuel, low and medium burnup fuels. The effect of power pulse height, pulse width and fuel burnup on fuel rod temperatures has been investigated. The results of reactivity initiated accident analysis show that the fuel failure mechanisms are different for fresh fuel and fuel at different burnup levels. The fuel failure in fresh fuel is expected due to fuel melting as fuel temperature increases with increase in pulse energy (pulse height). However, at relatively higher burnups, the fuel failure is expected due to cladding failure caused by strong pellet clad mechanical interaction, where, the contact pressure increases beyond the cladding yield strength.

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McDonald, Josephine. "Dampier Archaeological Project: Resource Document, Survey and Salvage of Aboriginal Sites, Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia, by Patricia Vinnecombe." Australian Archaeology 26, no. 1 (1988): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1988.12093154.

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McDonald, Josephine. "DAMPIER ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT: RESOURCE DOCUMENT, SURVEY AND SALVAGE OF ABORIGINAL SITES, BURRUP PENINSULA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, by Patricia Vinnicombe." Australian Archaeology 27, no. 1 (1988): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1988.12093176.

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Sutondo, Tegas. "ANALYSES OF FUEL BURNUP CALCULATIONS OF KARTINI REACTOR BASED ON THE NEW CALCULATION SCHEME." GANENDRA Majalah IPTEK Nuklir 17, no. 2 (2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/gnd.2014.17.2.2801.

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ABSTRACT ANALYSES OF FUEL BURNUP CALCULATIONS OF KARTINI REACTOR BASED ON THE NEW CALCULATION SCHEME. It has been described a new scheme of fuel burnup calculation, intended to improve the present practice used at Kartini reactor. The improvement includes the use of power distributions, which will be used as the base for estimating the burnup of each individual fuel element, and the inclusion of epithermal neutron which will affect to the burnup rates and the total fuel consumed. A small computation program was then made to perform calculations based on the two calculation schemes, and to see the differences. The results indicate that the proposed scheme results in higher estimated value against that of the present scheme, and the differences tends to increase linearly with the cumulative burnups. For each cumulative burnup of 30 MWD the difference could reach about 9.87 % which is around 3.7 gram for the whole core. It can be concluded that the proposed approach could improve the present’s practice of burnup estimation, especially for each individual fuel element which is important to the in-core fuel management program.

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Thomas, Tina. "Karratha infrastructure strategy: supporting Woodside's residential workforce and the Karratha community." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12079.

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This extended abstract discusses Woodside’s Karratha Infrastructure Strategy (KIS) as a measure to attract and retain the residential workforce in Karratha and to support the wider community. A high-level overview of Woodside’s workforce model to support its operations on the Burrup Peninsula is also provided. Attracting and retaining a substantial residential workforce in a regional area such as Karratha poses challenges (remoteness of the community, high demand for health and education services, and ageing community infrastructure) to its development and and residential workforce critical to Woodside’s operations. As a response, Woodside is delivering its KIS, which focuses on working with key local stakeholders to scope and deliver community infrastructure projects in areas of identified need, including health, education, culture, and recreation. These targeted investments that align with business needs and the external environment contribute to helping Woodside’s residential workforce, lifting the quality of services and infrastructure available, and improving the long-term sustainability of Karratha and its surrounding communities. The presentation details key elements of KIS, including the strategic approach to project selection and development, successes to date, and lessons learnt. It is relevant to a range of industry stakeholders interested in contributing to a community’s sustainable development and understanding and managing the challenges of supporting a residential workforce in a regional area.

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Anže, Pungerčič, Čalič Dušan, and Luka Snoj. "BURNUP CALCULATIONS OF THE JSI TRIGA REACTOR FUEL AND COMPARISON WITH MEASUREMENTS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124708009.

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Fuel burnup of the JSI TRIGA was calculated by simulating complete operational history consisting of 240 different core configurations from 1966 to 2020. At the moment we are unable to perform burnup measurements, e.g. gamma spectroscopy on burned fuel elements, hence we used weekly measured excess reactivity as a reference point of different core configurations to verify the calculated core reactivity. Changes in reactivity due to burnup were assumed to be linear and this assumption was verified for burnup intervals smaller than 3 MWd/kg(HM). The comparison was performed on 46 different core configurations with different type of fuel elements. The Serpent-2 calculations decently predict the rate of reactivity change on different cases, as 52 % of calculations are withing 1σ and 86.9 % within 2σ of the measurements for total number of 46 cases. Additional analysis was performed by comparing unit cell calculations of different fuel types. Four different types of TRIGA fuel were used to analyse burnup changes in LEU and HEU fuel, where positive reactivity feedback on burnup was observed for HEU fuel due to burnable absorbers. Serpent-2 and WIMSD-5B were compared on unit-cell basis where good agreement within 200 pcm of reactivity change for large burnup was observed. In addition neutron spectrum changes due to burnup were investigated using unit-cell calculations where 4 % increase of the thermal peak and 1 % decrease of fast peak of the spectrum was observed for typical fuel burnups of 20 MWd/kg(HM), which approximately represents JSI TRIGA burnup at this moment.

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Edwards, Geoffrey W. R., Ashlea V. Colton, and Blair P. Bromley. "DIFFERENCES IN EXIT BURNUP, DEPLETION, AND FUEL REACTIVITY CALCULATIONS ARISING FROM THE CHOICE OF MODELLING CODE FOR BUNDLES WITH THORIUM AND URANIUM." CNL Nuclear Review 9, no. 1 (2020): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2018.00011.

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A computational benchmark, using the deterministic codes WIMS-AECL and WOBI, and the stochastic code SERPENT, is made for burnup calculations of advanced thorium fuels in heavy water moderated reactors. Exit burnups and the concentration of the longer-lived actinides from the deterministic code set of WIMS-AECL and WOBI, which are 2-D, were compared to those from a full 3-D calculation in SERPENT. Results for reactivity vs. time are in general agreement to within a few mk (<1% in overall neutron multiplication) and appear to be systematic. Results for exit burnup were larger, in the 3%–6% range, because small reactivity effects can be amplified here.

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McHolick, W. R. "COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS OF 1995." APPEA Journal 36, no. 2 (1996): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95070.

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The year 1995 witnessed the largest growth in world oil demand in recent history. This growth was driven principally by increased consumption in Asia. Despite this increased demand average oil prices rose only marginally due to both excess production capacity within OPEC and the expectation of the return of the Iraqis to the world oil market. Oil prices are unlikely to improve over the long term since the over-supply of crude is expected to persist well into the next century.In Australia there was an increased reliance on imported oil, as consumption rose in response to an expanding economy whilst domestic liquids production continued to decline. The contribution of the Australian upstream industry continued to shift towards Western Australia as production from the Carnarvon Basin rose, whilst Bass Strait declined. Gas production rose for the year although the LNG facilities on the Burrup Peninsula are now working at full capacity. Further growth in LNG sales will require facilities expansion and such plans were well advanced over the course of last year.The profitability of the upstream oil and gas sector continued to be poor, despite the positive signs within the West Australian market. This situation is unlikely to change in the short term as the over-supply of crude is expected to hold down oil prices. The long term viability of the E&P industry in Australia may well depend on further modification of the current fiscal regime.

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Paull, John. "The Incarnation of Eddie Burrup: A Review of Elizabeth Durack, Art & Life, Selected Writings, Perpetua Durack Clancy (Editor), Brisbane: Connor Court." Arts 6, no. 4 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts6020007.

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Heller, A. S., D. A. Farnsworth, and E. J. McGuinn. "Statistical Methods Applied to Fuel Rod Bow Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 109, no. 1 (1987): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264847.

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An extensive data base was used to arrive at an empirical “best estimate” model for predicting fuel rod bow as a function of burnup. The best estimate rod bow predictions were bounded (accounting for uncertainties) at an upper 95 percent value. This global bound or tolerance value was subsequently revised to be representative of the bow value at reactor operating conditions. Conservative predictions for bow were finally implemented at several high burnups in a statistically derived Departure from Nucleate Boil Ratio (DNBR) penalty function. It was found that penalties for DNBR due to bowing are insignificant even at higher burnups and, therefore, do not seriously impact the design thermal margin.

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Nguyen, Thai Sinh, and Xiaolin Wang. "BURFEL BIAS AND MCNP BENCHMARKING BURFEL CALCULATIONS OF NRU LOOP FUEL." CNL Nuclear Review 9, no. 1 (2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2019.00007.

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The Burnup of Fuel Elements (BURFEL) code system has been used to calculate powers and burnups for experimental fuel irradiated in the National Research Universal Reactor (NRU) loops. BURFEL-calculated burnups, based on the calorimetrically measured loop powers, have been observed to exhibit biases with respect to their chemically measured counterparts. A high-fidelity Monte Carlo N-Particle method involving the NRU full-core model has been used for benchmarking BURFEL calculations, resulting in similar biases attributed to uncertainties in the loop powers. This study provides quantitative insights into the observed BURFEL biases for the purpose of possibly correcting existing loop fuel irradiation data for such biases.

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Pritchard, Thomas, and Roy J. Mellows. "Embracing technology to deliver an intelligent Scarborough offshore facility." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (2022): S162—S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21138.

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The Scarborough gas field is located approximately 375 km offshore the Burrup Peninsula in approximately 900 m water depth. The Scarborough Project will process gas from the field through a new semisubmersible Floating Production Unit (FPU), then through an onshore LNG facility. Woodside’s Operations and Project teams have focussed on enabling safe, reliable, and efficient operations to be realised throughout the facility operating life. Woodside has adopted a justify in, design out, embrace technology approach to meet this requirement. At the heart of this approach is the requirement to minimise the time required for personnel to be present on the facility. This is being achieved by utilising technology in design and innovative equipment and material selection. The FPU will be remotely controlled from an Integrated Remote Operations Centre located in Perth. Critical equipment located offshore will be constantly monitored for condition and performance with data able to be analysed efficiently, enabling effective and timely decisions. An extensive digital environment will be utilised to capture information and allow for intelligent solutions to aid this analysis. Materials and coatings have been selected to meet the design life and reduce maintenance-intensive refurbishment requirements. Offshore equipment can be remotely reset and restarted and includes appropriate sparing to maximise availability. Maintenance and environmental benefits have been realised by selecting electrical alternatives for lifeboats and cranes with a large installed battery system enabling a reduction in spinning reserves. This strategy will result in a lower emissions facility with reduced operating costs and offshore exposure hours.

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Pillans, Brad, and L. Keith Fifield. "Erosion rates and weathering history of rock surfaces associated with Aboriginal rock art engravings (petroglyphs) on Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia, from cosmogenic nuclide measurements." Quaternary Science Reviews 69 (June 2013): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.001.

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Jones, Diana S. "The Burrup Peninsula and Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia: an introduction to the history of its discovery and study, marine habitats and their flora and fauna." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 66, no. 1 (2004): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.66.2004.027-049.

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Pearson, D. J., and J. E. Kinnear. "A Review of The Distribution, Status and Conservation of Rock-wallabies in Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97137.

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Western Australia has five species of rock-wallabies. Petrogale brachyotis, Petrogale burbidgei and Petrogale concinna occur in wet-dry tropical habitats in the Kimberley region. Petrogale rothschildi is a Pilbara region endemic, while Petrogale lateralis has the largest distribution, extending from the south-west Kimberley to islands off the southern coastline. There have been few collections of the three species restricted to the Kimberley. Their small size, secretive disposition and variable pelage have hampered field identification, and thus, understanding of their distribution and status. The populations of all three are currently believed to be stable and their status is considered secure. Petrogale rothschildi is known from the Hamersley and Chichester Ranges, the east Pilbara, the Burrup Peninsula and four islands in the Dampier Archipelago. It is abundant on three of these islands but has declined on Dolphin island. The status of the mainland populations is uncertain. Petrogale lateralis is a diverse species, with two subspecies and two chromosomal races occurring in WA. Petrogale lateralis hacketti is restricted to three islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. Petrogale lateralis lateralis has declined throughout its mainland range, with extant populations known from six localities in the Wheatbelt; Cape Range; the Calvert Range; and Barrow and Salisbury Islands. It may still be extant in Kalbarri National Park. Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race has a restricted distribution but appears secure, while P. lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race has declined markedly in recent years. Fox predation has been implicated in the decline of some populations of P. lateralis and P. rothschildi. The impact of factors such as competition from introduced grazers (stock, rabbits, goats), fire and habitat clearing have not been examined. Increased control of exotic predators, taxonomic research to clarify the identity of unsampled populations and field surveys are needed to improve the conservation outlook for WA rock-wallabies.

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Drake-Brockman, Allan, and Daniel White. "Dealing with oil and gas unions." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10116.

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Since the commencement of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) (FW Act) on 1 July 2009, there has been a significant increase in union activity in Australia’s oil and gas industry. Recent case examples concerning the Pluto Project and various other disputes flag the importance of project managing industrial relations to ensure project delivery dates are met. Due to the contract interdependencies on large scale oil and gas projects, industrial action taken by a union in relation to a single sub-contractor can have ripple effects—causing budget blow-outs. Emerging union influence is such a concern that some of Australia’s leading companies operating in the oil and gas industry now identify industrial activity as a key project risk. Furthermore, many Australian leading financial institutions now assess a company’s potential exposure to industrial action as part of their key lending criteria. New innovative industrial relations strategies are now part of the weaponry Australian unions use when representing their members—this includes global union strategies. Moreover, there is already evidence that the FW Act can promote the occurrence of demarcation disputes between unions. This type of industrial activity leads to poor outcomes for employers and can prove to be very costly—especially in a multi-million dollar a day industry. Providing insight into the recent union activities in the industry are the following cases: Heath v Gravity Crane Services Pty Ltd Boskalis Australia Pty Ltd v Maritime Union of Australia CFMEU v Woodside Burrup Pty Ltd Offshore Marine Services Pty Ltd v Maritime Union of Australia There are a number of strategies oil and gas companies and sub-contractors can use to mitigate the effects of union influence in the workplace.

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Willie, Ahli K. D., Hong Tao Zhao, and M. Annor-Nyarko. "Atomistic Level Molecular Dynamics Analysis and its Integrity in the Interim of Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 318 (May 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.318.39.

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In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was utilized in relation to access the thermal conductivity of UO2, PuO2 and (U, Pu)O2 in temperature range of 500–3000 K. Diffusion study on mixed oxide (MOX) was also performed to assess the effect of radiation damage by heavy ions at burnup temperatures. Analysis of the lattice thermal conductivity of irradiated MOX to its microstructure was carried out to enhance the irradiation defects with how high burnup hinders fuel properties and its pellet-cladding interaction. Fission gas diffusion as determined was mainly modelled by main diffusion coefficient. Degradation of diffusivity is predicted in MOX as composition deviate from the pure end members. The concentration of residual anion defects is considerably higher than that of cations in all oxides. Depending on the diffusion behavior of the fuel lattice, there was decrease in the ratio of anion to cation defects with increasing temperature. Besides, the modern mixed oxide fuel releases fission gas compared to that of UO2 fuel at moderate burnups.

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Schreinemachers, Christian, Gregory Leinders, Thierry Mennecart, et al. "Caesium and iodine release from spent mixed oxide fuels under repository relevant conditions: Initial leaching results." MRS Advances 7, no. 5-6 (2022): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-022-00220-7.

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AbstractAutoclave leaching experiments are conducted on three well-characterised, irradiated, and cladded mixed oxide fuel-rod segments with burnups ranging from 29 GWd/tHM to 52 GWd/tHM to investigate the instant release fraction of fission gases and long-lived fission products and to assess the long-term fuel matrix corrosion. The segments are exposed to bicarbonate solutions as reference groundwater at neutral pH and a synthetic young cementitious water at pH 13.5 under reducing atmosphere (4 vol% H2 in Ar at 40 bar pressure), since 2018. The initial leaching results for the fission products caesium and iodine as representative elements of the instant release fraction were found to depend on the leachate composition as well as on the fuel burnup. Graphical abstract

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Price, Dean, Thomas Folk, Matthew Duschenes, Krishna Garikipati, and Brendan Kochunas. "Methodology for Sensitivity Analysis of Homogenized Cross-Sections to Instantaneous and Historical Lattice Conditions with Application to AP1000® PWR Lattice." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123378.

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In the two-step method for nuclear reactor simulation, lattice physics calculations are performed to compute homogenized cross-sections for a variety of burnups and lattice configurations. A nodal code is then used to perform full-core analysis using the pre-calculated homogenized cross-sections. One source of uncertainty introduced in this method is that the lattice configuration or depletion conditions typically do not match a pre-calculated one from the lattice physics simulations. Therefore, some interpolation model must be used to estimate the homogenized cross-sections in the nodal code. This current study provides a methodology for sensitivity analysis to quantify the impact of state variables on the homogenized cross-sections. This methodology also allows for analyses of the historical effect that the state variables have on homogenized cross-sections. An application of this methodology on a lattice for the Westinghouse AP1000® reactor is presented where coolant density, fuel temperature, soluble boron concentration, and control rod insertion are the state variables of interest. The effects of considering the instantaneous values of the state variables, historical values of the state variables, and burnup-averaged values of the state variables are analyzed. Using these methods, it was found that a linear model that only considers the instantaneous and burnup-averaged values of state variables can fail to capture some variations in the homogenized cross-sections.

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Vallet, V., J. Huyghe, C. Vaglio-Gaudard, D. Lecarpentier, and C. Reynard-Carette. "NUCLEAR DATA UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION FOR THE DECAY HEAT OF PWR MOX FUELS USING DATA ASSIMILATION OF ELEMENTARY FISSION BURSTS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710002.

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Currently there is no integral experimental data for code validation regarding the decay heat of MOX fuels, excepted fission burst experiments (for fission products contributions at short cooling times) or post-irradiated experiments on nuclide inventories (restricted number of nuclide of interest for decay heat). The uncertainty quantification mainly relies on uncertainty propagation of nuclear data covariances. In the recent years, the transposition method, based on the data assimilation theory, was used in order to transpose the experiment-to-calculation discrepancies at a given set of parameters (cooling time, fuel burnup) to another set of parameters. As an example, this method was used on the CLAB experiments and the experiment-to-calculation discrepancies at 13 years were transposed to an UOX fuel between 5 and 27 years and for burnups from 10 to 50 GWd/t. The purpose of this paper is to study to what extent the transposition method could be used for MOX fuels. In particular, the Dickens fission burst experiment of 239Pu was considered for MOX fuels at short cooling times (< 1h30) and low burnup (< 10 GWd/t). The impact of fission yields (FY) correlations was also discussed. As a conclusion, the efficiency of the transposition process is limited by the experimental uncertainties larger than nuclear data uncertainties, and by the fact that fission burst experiments would only be representative to the FY contribution of the decay heat uncertainty of an irradiated reactor fuel. Nevertheless, this method strengthens the decay heat uncertainties at very short cooling times, previously based only on nuclear data covariance propagation through computation.

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Grgić, Davor, Siniša Šadek, and Vesna Benčik. "Decay heat calculation for spent fuel pool application." Journal of Energy - Energija 64, no. 1-4 (2022): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2015641-4146.

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The automatic procedure was developed for fuel assembly decay heat calculation based on PARCS 3D burnup calculation for fuel cycle depletion, and ORIGEN 2.1 calculation during both depletion and fuel cooling. Using appropriate pre-processor and post-processor codes it is possible to calculate fuel assembly decay heat loads for all fuel assemblies discharged from reactor. Simple graphical application is then used to distribute fuel assemblies within fuel pool and to calculate any fuel assembly, SFP rack, or whole pool heat load at arbitrary time. The application can be used for overview of fuel assembly burnups, cooling times or decay heats. Based on given date it is possible to calculate whole pool heat load and time to boiling or time to assembly uncover using simple mass and energy balances. Calculated heat loads can be input to more detailed thermal-hydraulics calculations of spent fuel pool. The demonstration calculation was performed for NPP Krsko spent fuel pool.

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Rezaeian, Mahdi, and Jamshid Kamali. "Radioactive Source Specification of Bushehr’s VVER-1000 Spent Fuels." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4579738.

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Due to high radioactivity and significant content of medium- and long-lived radionuclides, different operations with spent nuclear fuels (e.g., handling, transportation, and storage) shall be accompanied by suitable radiation protections. On the other hand, determination of radioactive source specification is the initial step for any radiation protection design. In this study, radioactive source specification of the spent fuels of Bushehr nuclear power plant, which is a VVER-1000 type pressurized water reactor, was determined. For the depletion and decay calculations, ORIGEN code was utilized. The results are presented for burnups of 30 to 49 GWd/MTHM and different cooling times up to 100 years. According to these results, total activity of a spent fuel assembly with initial enrichment of 3.92%, burnup of 49 GWd/MTHM, and cooling time of 3 years is 1.92 × 1016 Bq. The results can be utilized specifically in transportation/storage cask design for spent fuel management of Bushehr nuclear power plant.

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Ovdiienko, Yu, M. Yeremenko, V. Khalimonchuk, A. Kuchin, and Yu Bilodid. "Effect of Fuel Burnup History on Neutronic Characteristics of WWER-1000 Core." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 3(63) (September 1, 2014): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2014.3(63).03.

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In preparation of few-group cross-section libraries to be used in WWER macro-calculations, change in the nuclide composition during fuel burnup is commonly defined under invariable characteristics, averaged over the entire core (power, fuel and moderator temperature, moderator density etc.). In reality, conditions of fuel burnup are changing and this factor affects the fuel nuclide composition (the so-called spectral history effect). To account for real burnup history, it is necessary to take into consideration the dependence of cross-sections not only on burnup but also on history of neutron spectrum in the fuel burnup process. This paper analyzes fuel burnup history effect on neutronic characteristics of WWER-1000 core with use of the DYN3D code. The DYN3D code employs the local Pu-239 concentration as an indicator of burnup spectral history. The calculations have been performed for the first four fuel loadings of Khmelnitsky NPP unit 2 and stationary fuel loading with TVSA. The effect of fuel burnup history is shown both on macro-characteristics of the reactor core (boric acid concentration, fuel cycle duration, reactivity coefficients) and on local values of burnup and power.

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Graham, E. D. "DRIVERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SUPPLY BASE AND OFFSHORE SUPPLY CHAIN, NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03027.

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Since the commencement of the major developments on the North West Shelf, the offshore resource industry, during both its construction and operational phases, has faced considerable logistical impediments to cost-effective solutions for the offshore supply chain. These impediments have included distance, scant resources, lack of infrastructure both on and offshore and lack of critical mass.Throughout the world, offshore projects have greatly benefitted from the availability of integrated services to cater for the transport of equipment from the point of manufacture or distribution to the offshore location.Within the Australian context the privately controlled Esso Barry Beach and Dampier Woodside facilities are examples of integrated services, but both differ considerably from a public multi-user facility. The model used in the Timor Sea of one vessel or vessels for the use of several operators is another example.The NorthWest Shelf has now reached the critical mass and it became apparent several years ago that the area needed an integrated supply base available to multiple operators. It would need to include a heavy loadout wharf, laydown areas, slipway and engineering facilities and office space to service forthcoming projects, as well as planning and cooperation amongst all players to maximise efficiency and use of scant resources as drivers for economic benefits to offshore operators in the region.Furthermore the fallout from the events of 11 September 2001 and continuing threats of terrorism has meant the security of marine assets has become an important part of each operator’s everyday life. The introduction of new legislation relating to this security issue is planned for mid 2004.In 2000 and 2001 Mermaid Marine Australia Limited undertook a major expansion of its Dampier supply base, and established a world-class facility to meet the growing demands of the region.This complex has for the first time provided the northwest of Australia, particularly the North West Shelf, Carnarvon Basin and the onshore developments on the Burrup Peninsula, with a facility for offloading and loadout of heavy shipments and fabrication and slipway facilities, coupled with the advantages of a large supply base. This facility can also be expanded to meet growth and the emerging requirements related to security.This paper describes the drivers for change commencing with the earliest supply chains and following through to the integrated service now availabe. These drivers meet the requirements of the offshore operators in the region as well as showing the benefits anticipated from this integrated service. The paper also outlines in detail the requirements of the International Maritime Organisation for worldwide changes to port and offshore security.

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Zhou, Zedong, Jinsen Xie, Nianbiao Deng, Pengyu Chen, Zhiqiang Wu, and Tao Yu. "Effect of KLT-40S Fuel Assembly Design on Burnup Characteristics." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083364.

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The KLT-40S is a small modular reactor developed by Russia based on the KLT-40 reactor with two fuel assembly designs: a four-ring and a five-ring. Few studies have been published on fuel assembly and power-flattening designs for the KLT-40S. In this paper, the effects of different fuel assembly designs on burnup and power flattening are investigated. This paper compares the effects of the two fuel assembly designs of the KLT-40S on its burnup characteristics, analyzes the effects of fuel rod diameter on burnup characteristics, and conducts a computational study on the ideal power-flattening design. The results show that the five-ring fuel assembly design has better burnup characteristics than the four-ring fuel assembly design. At a fuel rod diameter of 0.62 cm, the optimal burnup lattice is obtained. The 15.84% + 19.75% power-flattening design (uranium enrichment in the innermost and outermost rings + uranium enrichment in inner rings) reduces the local power peaking factor of the five-ring fuel assembly below 1.11 throughout the lifetime. Therefore, the KLT-40S five-ring fuel assembly has better burnup characteristics, and its optimal burnup lattice is at the 0.62 cm fuel rod diameter. The use of power-flattening designs can effectively reduce the local power peaking factor.

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Castagna, Christian, Manuele Aufiero, Stefano Lorenzi, Guglielmo Lomonaco, and Antonio Cammi. "Development of a Reduced Order Model for Fuel Burnup Analysis." Energies 13, no. 4 (2020): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040890.

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Fuel burnup analysis requires a high computational cost for full core calculations, due to the amount of the information processed for the total reaction rates in many burnup regions. Indeed, they reach the order of millions or more by a subdivision into radial and axial regions in a pin-by-pin description. In addition, if multi-physics approaches are adopted to consider the effects of temperature and density fields on fuel consumption, the computational load grows further. In this way, the need to find a compromise between computational cost and solution accuracy is a crucial issue in burnup analysis. To overcome this problem, the present work aims to develop a methodological approach to implement a Reduced Order Model (ROM), based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), in fuel burnup analysis. We verify the approach on 4 years of burnup of the TMI-1 unit cell benchmark, by reconstructing fuel materials and burnup matrices over time with different levels of approximation. The results show that the modeling approach is able to reproduce reactivity and nuclide densities over time, where the accuracy increases with the number of basis functions employed.

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Alexander, Jude S., Geoffrey W. R. Edwards, Blair P. Bromley, and Keira Lane. "THE EFFECTS OF TYPICAL THORIUM IMPURITIES ON THORIUM-BASED NUCLEAR FUELS." CNL Nuclear Review 9, no. 1 (2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2018.00002.

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Natural thorium contains impurities of numerous isotopes. A study was performed to examine the influence of naturally occurring impurities in thorium-based fuels on a few parameters of interest such as: exit burnup, coolant void reactivity (CVR), fuel temperature coefficients (FTC), and the radiotoxicity of the used fuel. Two different fuel bundle designs were modeled: a 43-element bundle containing 2.25% U-233, and a 35-element bundle containing 1.45% U-233. Naturally occurring thorium fuel impurities were applied to both fuel bundle models at various concentrations, from 0% to 100% of the expected maximum. For burnup-averaged k-infinity (k∞) values of 1.050 and 1.030, exit burnup, burnup-weighted CVR, and burnup-weighted FTC were calculated using the neutron transport code WIMS-AECL, and plotted against fraction of full impurity concentration to determine how the impurity levels affect these reactor physics parameters of interest. For the most-realistic (for CANDU) burnup-averaged k∞ of 1.050, both the inhalation radiotoxicity and the production of U-232 were calculated using the fuel depletion code WOBI. Up to the maximum impurity concentrations considered, no effects on the investigated fuel performance parameters were found to be greater than a few percent.

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Nguyen Huu, Tiep, Dung Nguyen Thi, Phu Tran Viet, Thanh Tran Vinh, and Ha Pham Nhu Viet. "Burnup calculation of the OECD VVER-1000 LEU benchmark assembly using MCNP6 and SRAC2006." Nuclear Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v8i4.62.

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The present work aims to perform burnup calculation of the OECD VVER-1000 LEU (lowenriched uranium) computational benchmark assembly using the Monte Carlo code MCNP6 and the deterministic code SRAC2006. The new depletion capability of MCNP6 was applied in the burnup calculation of the VVER-1000 LEU benchmark assembly. The OTF (on-the-fly) methodology of MCNP6, which involves high precision fitting of Doppler broadened cross sections over a wide temperature range, was utilized to handle temperature variation for heavy isotopes. The collision probability method based PIJ module of SRAC2006 was also used in this burnup calculation. The reactivity of the fuel assembly, the isotopic concentrations and the shielding effect due to the presenceof the gadolinium isotopes were determined with burnup using MCNP6 and SRAC2006 incomparison with the available published benchmark data. This study is therefore expected to reveal the capabilities of MCNP6 and SRAC2006 in burnup calculation of VVER-1000 fuel assemblies.

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Van Dam, Hugo. "Burnup waves." Annals of Nuclear Energy 25, no. 17 (1998): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4549(98)00046-2.

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