Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bus crash

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bus crash'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bus crash"

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Qi, Hao, and Fang Chao. "The Analysis on Crash Worthiness of Frame for Cab-over-Engine Medium Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.410.

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Taking HYPERMESH as pre-processor, the modeling methods for a frame of the cab-over-engine medium bus in crash is expounded. Based on software LS-DYNA, the crash process is simulated with the crash regulations on M1 type bus. The deformations and energy absorbing for the parts and whole frame are analysised, especially for the invade distance and acceleration in crash. Based on these, the crash worthiness is estimated further for the medium bus.
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Qi, Hao, and Fang Chao. "The Study on Crash Worthiness of Cab-over-Engine Medium Bus with Dummy Restrains System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.323.

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The compositive crash model is built including dummysafety belt retrains system and the whole bus frame to research the crash worthiness of a cab-over-engine medium bus. With the crash regulations on M1 type bus, the frontal crash process is simulated. The deformations and acceleration of the parts and whole frame are analysised. For the hybridIII50 male dummy, the movement distance of dummy with safety belt and the injury values including headneckbreast and leg are solved. A comprehensive appraisement of crash worthiness is achieved.
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Nguyen, Thanh Chuong, Minh Hieu Nguyen, Jimmy Armoogum, and Thanh Tung Ha. "Bus Crash Severity in Hanoi, Vietnam." Safety 7, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7030065.

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Recently, there has been an increasing interest in targeting the safety of bus operations worldwide; however, little is known about the determinants of the bus crash severity in developing countries. By estimating an ordered logit model using the bus-involved collision data in Hanoi (Vietnam), spanning the period from 2015 to 2019, this study investigates various factors associated with the crash severity. The results reveal that the severity risk increases for (1) large buses, (2) raining conditions, (3) evening or night, (4) sparse traffic, (5) non-urban areas, (6) roads with at least three lanes, (7) curved roads, (8) two-way roads without a physical barrier, (9) head-on collision, and (10) pedestrian-related crashes. Aside from confirming the crucial roles of a wide range of factors, this research has examined the effects of two determinants (traffic density and crash area) that have not been considered for the cases of developing countries previously. Based on the findings on the impacts of factors, a series of policy recommendations regarding improving road conditions in non-urban areas, promoting walking infrastructure, reminders of high-risk situations for drivers, safety notes when improving bus service quality, and recording bus-related crashes are proposed.
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Guadamuz, Renato, Vikash V. Gayah, and Rajesh Paleti. "Impact of Bus Routes on Crash Frequency in Metropolitan Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (March 2020): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120910739.

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Although research in transportation safety is abundant, very few studies have examined the relationship between public transportation systems and safety performance. Most studies on the subject have focused on the impact of infrastructure countermeasures related to bus rapid transit systems. However, the impact of city-street buses on safety performance remains unknown. This research explores the pseudo-causal impact of the presence of bus routes and bus traffic on observed crash frequencies by developing safety performance functions (SPFs) that include the presence of a bus route and estimated weekly bus traffic as input variables. The SPFs were developed using the propensity score–potential outcomes (PS-PO) framework to reduce unobserved biases that might exist between segments that have and do not have bus routes. The results suggest that PS-PO reduced standardized biases significantly, allowing stronger causal inferences to be obtained. The results revealed that the presence of a bus route was associated with a 27% increase in expected crash frequency after controlling for other infrastructure-related variables. Weekly bus traffic was also found to be a significant predictor of overall crash frequency, with a 1% increase in ] weekly bus traffic associated with an expected increase in crash frequency of 0.016%. A non-parametric approach is also presented for comparison with the results from the SPFs; this confirmed the findings from the parametric method used.
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Kamal, Wan Noaimadudin Wan Mohamad, Nor Hayati Saad, Amir Radzi Ab Ghani, Nik Rosli Abdullah, and Khairul Izwandy Abd Jazam. "Modelling and Simulation of a Single Deck Bus Subjected to Rollover Crash Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.453.

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Buses are the most popular and common passenger vehicle for long distance travel in Malaysia. Increased bus usage as a public transport prompts researchers to study safety aspects of the vehicles subjected to various crash incidents. The most damaging bus accident is rollover crash. The bus structures must have sufficient crashworthiness and strength in order to reduce and prevent injuries and fatalities during the rollover accident. Initially, this paper overviews the current status of rollover accidents and requirement of UN-ECE Regulation 66 which is aimed to improve the bus structure in withstanding the rollover crash. The current bus framework structure comprises galvanized square hollow sections (SHS) which are welded and bolted together. Abaqus was used to simulate responses of bus structure subjected to loadings as specified in UN-ECE Regulation 66. The results showed that the gap allowances of the residual space are complied with the UN-ECE R66 requirements. Further work to optimize the bus structure in terms of weight, structural strength and crashworthiness is proposed.
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Park, Ho-Chul, Yang-Jun Joo, Seung-Young Kho, Dong-Kyu Kim, and Byung-Jung Park. "Injury Severity of Bus–Pedestrian Crashes in South Korea Considering the Effects of Regional and Company Factors." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113169.

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Bus–pedestrian crashes typically result in more severe injuries and deaths than any other type of bus crash. Thus, it is important to screen and improve the risk factors that affect bus–pedestrian crashes. However, bus–pedestrian crashes that are affected by a company’s and regional characteristics have a cross-classified hierarchical structure, which is difficult to address properly using a single-level model or even a two-level multi-level model. In this study, we used a cross-classified, multi-level model to consider simultaneously the unobserved heterogeneities at these two distinct levels. Using bus–pedestrian crash data in South Korea from 2011 through to 2015, in this study, we investigated the factors related to the injury severity of the crashes, including crash level, regional and company level factors. The results indicate that the company and regional effects are 16.8% and 5.1%, respectively, which justified the use of a multi-level model. We confirm that type I errors may arise when the effects of upper-level groups are ignored. We also identified the factors that are statistically significant, including three regional-level factors, i.e., the elderly ratio, the ratio of the transportation infrastructure budget, and the number of doctors, and 13 crash-level factors. This study provides useful insights concerning bus–pedestrian crashes, and a safety policy is suggested to enhance bus–pedestrian safety.
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Wu, Xiaolin, Huimin Zhang, Wangxin Xiao, Peishan Ning, David C. Schwebel, and Guoqing Hu. "Are Bus Company Regulations Associated with Crash Risk? Findings from a Retrospective Survey in Four Chinese Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 14, 2019): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081342.

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Bus crashes are common in urban China, and bus company regulations are hypothesized to be related to bus crash risk. We conducted a retrospective survey to examine the association in four large Chinese cities (Changsha, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, and Wuhan). Four types of bus crashes were considered: (a) passengers injured while riding the bus; (b) bus colliding with or scraping other motor vehicles; (c) bus colliding with non-motorized vehicles or pedestrians; and (d) bus damaging public facilities. Based on regulations governing the drivers’ work, complete round trips per day, and their paid salary, three categories of companies were studied: type A: ≥14 h worked/day, ≥6 round trips/day, and >70% of salary based on performance; type B: 8–13 h/day, 4 or 5 round trips/day, and 36–70% of salary; and type C: <36% of salary and no other specified requirements. Of the 926 respondents, 20.7% reported one or more crashes or related risk events in the past month. Drivers from the three types of companies reported crash incidence rates of 31.9%, 8.8%, and 6.0%, respectively, in the past month. Type A crash rates were significantly higher than type C after controlling for relevant covariates (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 7.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.74–13.47). We conclude that more stringent bus company regulations, which mandate drivers to work long hours and obtain salary based on job performance in meeting demanding metrics, are associated with elevated bus-related crash risks. Local governments in China should regulate bus companies to ensure drivers work reasonable hours and are paid based on the quality of their work (e.g., safety).
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Ahmed, Zahir, Oli Ahmed, and Mary C. Jobe. "4D Motives of Anshun Bus Crash." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 26, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.3566.1.

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Güler, Mehmet Ali, Muhammed Emin Cerit, Sinem Kocaoglan Mert, and Erdem Acar. "Experimental and numerical study on the crashworthiness evaluation of an intercity coach under frontal impact conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 13 (June 10, 2020): 3026–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020927644.

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In this study, the energy absorption capacity of a front body of a bus during a frontal crash was investigated. The strength of the bus structure was examined by considering the ECE-R29 European regulation requirements. The nonlinear explicit finite element code LS-DYNA was used for the crash analyses. First, the baseline bus structures without any improvements were analyzed and the weak parts of the front end structure of the bus body were examined. Experimental tests are conducted to validate the finite element model. In the second stage, the bus structure was redesigned in order to strengthen the frontal body. Finally, the redesigned bus structure was compared with the baseline model to meet the requirements for ECE-R29. In addition to the redesign performed on the body, energy absorption capacity was increased by additional energy absorbers employed in the front of bus structure. This study experimentally and numerically investigated the energy absorption characteristics of a steering wheel armature in contact with a deformable mannequin during a crash. Variations in the location of impact on the armature, armature orientation, and mannequin were investigated to determine the effects of the energy absorption characteristics of the two contacting entities.
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Yoon, Sangwon, Seung-Young Kho, and Dong-Kyu Kim. "Effect of Regional Characteristics on Injury Severity in Local Bus Crashes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2647, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2647-01.

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As the importance of public transportation increases, the management of bus-involved crashes has become a crucial issue for traffic safety. However, there are relatively few studies on crash severity for buses in South Korea. This study investigated factors that influence the severity of injuries that occur in local bus crashes. The study used commercial vehicle crash data from a 5-year period from 2010 through 2014 in South Korea. To determine unobserved regional effects on crash severity, a hierarchical ordered model was applied to the analysis. Individual crash characteristics were set to lower-level variables, and regional characteristics were adopted as upper-level variables. At the lower level, the factors affecting severity of injuries included vehicle speed, vehicle age, road alignment, surface status, road class, and traffic light installation, as found in previous studies. At the upper level, the factors included pavement, emergent medical environment, traffic rate of compliance, and ratio of elderly in the community. There was a 5.1% unobserved variation between regions from the intraclass correlation analysis. The validity of a hierarchical model for local bus crashes was verified by applying the model to other long-distance buses, and it appeared there were no regional effects. This study found a regional effect for local bus crash severity, and thus this factor is important when developing prevention plans to reduce local bus crashes. These results contribute to the study of traffic safety.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bus crash"

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Doohan, Isabelle. "Surviving a major bus crash : experiences from the crash and five years after." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140198.

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Background Major road traffic crashes (RTCs) can have a significant impact on the survivors, their family, and their friends, as well as on emergency personnel, volunteers, and others involved. However, survivors’ perspectives are rare or missing in research on major RTCs in Sweden. A comprehensive understanding of the survivors and their experiences is also lacking. By studying what it is like to survive a major RTC, the care and support provided to survivors can be adapted and improved. The overall aim is to broaden the understanding of the short- and long-term consequences and experiences of surviving a major bus crash. Methods The contexts are two bus crashes that occurred in Sweden, in February 2007 and December 2014. In total, the participants are 110 out of the 112 survivors, and the data is collected through telephone interviews, official reports, and medical records at one month, three months, and five years after the crashes. Analysis methods include qualitative content analysis, descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and mixed methods research analysis. Results One month after the crash, most of the survivors were experiencing minor or major physical and/or psychological stress in their everyday lives (Study I). Four main findings were identified regarding their experiences of immediate care (Study II): prehospital discomfort, lack of compassionate care, dissatisfaction with crisis support, and satisfactory initial care and support. The importance of compassion and being close to others was also highlighted. Five years after the bus crash in Rasbo (Study III), survivors were still struggling with physical injuries and mental problems. Other long-term consequences were a lasting sense of connectedness among fellow passengers, a gratitude for life, as well as feelings of distress in traffic, especially in regard to buses. The main findings from study IV indicated that injury severity did not seem to affect mental health, and that social aspects were important to the recovery process. There was an interconnection among survivors in which they seemed to be linked to each other’s recovery. Conclusion A strong need for short- and long-term social and psychological support in terms of compassion and community is evident in all the studies. The survivors ought to be acknowledged as capable and having the resources to contribute to their own and their fellow survivors’ recovery and health. There is a need for greater understanding of how different the survivors are, with each one of them having various physical, psychological, social, and existential needs.
Bakgrund Stora trafikskadehändelser kan ha en betydande inverkan på de överlevande och deras närståendes liv, likaså på sjukvårdspersonal, vittnen, och andra som är involverade. Trots detta så är de överlevandes perspektiv sällsynta eller saknas i forskning om stora trafikskadehändelser i Sverige. Det saknas även en helhetsförståelse av överlevande och deras erfarenheter. Genom att studera hur det är att överleva en busskrasch kan omhändertagande och stöd anpassas och förbättras. Det övergripande syftet är att öka förståelsen av kort- och långsiktiga konsekvenser och erfarenheter av att överleva en stor busskrasch. Metod Kontexten är två busskrascher som inträffade i februari 2007 och december 2014 i Sverige. Antal deltagare är 110 av 112 överlevande och data samlades in en månad, tre månader och fem år efter krascherna, via telefonintervjuer, officiella rapporter och medicinska journaler. Analysmetoder inkluderar kvalitativ innehållsanalys, deskriptiv statistik, tematisk analys och mixad metod. Resultat En månad efter kraschen upplevde överlevande fysiskt obehag och/eller psykisk stress i varierande grad i sin vardag (Studie I). Gällande upplevelser av det initiala omhändertagandet (Studie II) identifierades fyra huvudresultat; obehag på skadeplats, brister i omhändertagande och bemötande, missnöje med krisstöd, och tillfredsställande initialt omhändertagande och stöd. Betydelsen av empati och medkänsla från personal och frivilliga samt samhörighet med medpassagerare lyftes fram av de överlevande. Fem år efter busskraschen i Rasbo (Studie III) fanns det överlevande som fortfarande kämpade med fysiska skador och psykiska problem. Andra tydliga långsiktiga konsekvenser var en bestående gemenskap mellan medpassagerare, en tacksamhet över livet, samt oro och rädsla i trafiken, speciellt vid bussåkande. Uppföljningen efter busskraschen i Tranemo (Studie IV) indikerade att sociala aspekter var betydelsefulla för återhämtningsprocessen hos överlevande och att skadornas svårighetsgrad inte var betydande för det psykiska välbefinnandet. En stark samhörighet upplevdes bland de närstående som reste tillsammans och de verkade följa varandras återhämtning. Slutsatser Ett starkt behov av kort- och långsiktigt socialt och psykologiskt stöd i form av gemenskap och empati är tydligt i samtliga studier. De överlevande bör uppmärksammas som aktörer med kapacitet och resurser till att bidra till sin egen och medpassagerares återhämtning och hälsa. Det behövs en ökad förståelse för hur olika de överlevande är, med varierande fysiska, psykologiska, sociala, och existentiella behov.
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Pendse, Nachiket C. "Crash safety assessment of bus operators in mass transit buses." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1545.

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Mass transportation systems and specifically bus systems are a key element of the national transportation network. According to the Traffic Safety Facts report from 1999-2001, total of 333 fatal involvements of transit bus operators in fatal crashes have been reported from 284,000 bus related traffic accidents. Thus bus occupant safety research is an effort for the enhancement of bus operator safety. Crashes resulting in injuries were distributed between front, door side, driver side and rear collisions. This study is aimed at the evaluation of potential bus operator injuries during different accident scenarios of a mass transit bus in frontal, side and rear crashes. Dynamic sled tests of the bus operator and its environment are first conducted at National Institute for Aviation Research. From Numerical models of the crash event including bus and bus operator are developed using the MADYMO and LSDYNA codes, and validated against the experimental sled tests. Validation is carried out by comparing the kinematics of the bus operator represented by a Hybrid III ATD in actual sled tests and simulations. To ensure validity, a comparison of various acceleration profiles and forces -moments experienced by the bus operator under various test conditions are compared. Furthermore, potential injury levels sustained by the operator in the actual sled tests and the simulations are compared with FMVSS standards. This is done to analyze biomechanical performance under different loading conditions. The developed models once validated for their realistic applications, are performed with parametric study to obtain optimized configuration that provides protection to bus operator in the course of a crash.
Thesis (M.S)-- Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
"December 2007."
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Pendse, Nachiket C. Lankarani Hamid M. "Crash safety assessment of bus operators in mass transit buses /." Thesis, A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1545.

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Albertsson, Pontus. "Occupant casualties in bus and coach traffic : injury and crash mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Deptartment of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of surgery, Umeå university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-482.

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Ribbe, David Paul. "Chronic psychological and psychophysiological sequelae among adolescents following a traumatic bus crash." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40472.

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This study examined chronic psychological and psychophysiological post-traumatic sequelae among eleven adolescent survivors of a fatal bus crash by means of a multimethod strategy. Measures included a structured DSM-m-R post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) interview using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and AdolescentsRevised (DICA-R), self-report measures of PTSD symptoms with the Reaction Index, and the Impact of Events Scale. Other measures of stress-related symptomatology included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fear Survey Schedule-IT, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Anxiety Frequency Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, heart rate (HR) reactivity to mental arithmetic (MA), demographic questions, and crash questions was assessed. Survivors were compared to control subjects matched for age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status, among other demographic characteristics. Multivariate analyses of the psychiatric interview data indicated that survivors evidenced significantly higher levels of past PTSD symptoms experienced after the crash, with a significant group by gender interaction, F (3,17) = 5.22, P = .01. Current (past month) levels of PTSD symptoms were also significantly higher among survivors four years after the crash, F (3,17) = 8.82, P < .01, although PTSD symptomatology decreased overall during that time, F (3,17) = 15.52, P < .01. Survivors and controls did not differ significantly on other measures of PTSD and other stress-related symptomatology. Repeated measures analyses of HR response scores revealed greater HR reactivity to questions about the crash among survivors, F (1, 14) = 18.55, P < .01, and by gender, F (1, 14) = 5.21, P = .04. Similar analyses found greater variability in survivors' HR standard deviations (an index of autonomic lability) F (1,14) = 5.21, P = .03 in response to the crash interview. Survivors' HR did not differ from controls' on the MA task. Findings are discussed theoretically and methodologically within the contexts of neurological and conditioning models of PTSD. No relationship between HR reactivity and psychiatric symptomatology was found. Furthermore, this investigation did not fmd support for the neurological kindling theory. Areas of future research using psychophysiological assessment are proposed to more specifically elicit autonomic arousal. Detailed case studies of four individual response patterns are included as a heuristic for further physiological research and for clinical applications with adolescent trauma victims.
Ph. D.
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Devshatwar, Ganesh Rangnath. "Modeling and analysis of an inflatable lap belt airbag restraint system for frontal crash protection of mass transit bus operators." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2506.

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Mass transit bus is one of the key modes of transportation, especially in highly populated areas of the United States (US). Review of literature has shown that there is very little research, which focuses on the safety and comfort of a bus operator. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has a Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS). FARS shows that there were 300 fatal bus accidents during the period from 1995 to 1999. Statistical data also shows that 16 bus operators suffered fatal injuries during the period from 1991 to 2000. The operators end up driving for long duration of time, which makes the three-point type of belt restraint system uncomfortable. This may also lead to stress and fatigue. The use of a two-point seat belt restraint system may be more comfortable for the operator since his hands and torso will be unrestrained. However, the physical sled testing of this seat belt configuration revealed severe life threatening risk for the operator. It was observed that the Head Injury Criteria (HIC15) value was above the threshold limit of 700 and the femur load value was well over their allowable threshold limit of 10,000 N. The Neck Injury Criteria (Nij) value was very close to the allowable threshold limit of 1. Thus, safety and comfort of the transit bus operator appear to be contradictory to each other. In this research, an effort had been made to develop a methodology to design an airbag restraint system for a mass transit bus operator, which can satisfy the two contradictory objectives. An Inflatable lap belt type of airbag restraint system has been previously implemented in aircraft safety. This system is comprised of a two-point restraint type seat belt system with an airbag embedded in it. This type of airbag safety system was tested in this study for a mass transit bus operator with an aim to keep the HIC and the Nij values within allowable limits. Additional knee-padding was designed to minimize the femur loads. All of the research was conducted for frontal impact of a bus with the rigid-wall crash condition. A model development of a two-point restraint type seat belt system was carried out with the occupant simulation code, MADYMO. This model is validated with the help of physical sled test data. The baseline simulation model was used to develop the numerical model of an inflatable lap belt airbag restraint system. With the help of numerical models, the prototypes of airbag and inflators were manufactured. A physical sled test was also carried out for this system under frontal impact condition. This test data was utilized to validate the simulation results obtained from the MADYMO model. The physical sled testing as well as numerical models were developed for the three-point belt restraint system. Except the femur injury, all of the injuries were within the allowable safe limit. A physical sled test with the airbag and the knee-padding was also conducted to test the performance of an inflatable lap belt airbag restraint system. A knee-padding played a vital role to minimize the femur injury. The Results from this study can be utilized in the design and development of a safety belt system for optimal protection of mass transit bus operators in the event of a frontal impact crashes. This study can be utilized further for designing the safety restraint system for other crash conditions.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
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Deshmukh, Pankaj S. Lankarani Hamid M. "Rollover and roof crush analysis of low-floor mass transit bus." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2006. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/623.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
"December 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 18, 2007). Thesis adviser: Hamid M. Lankarani. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 97-99).
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Wang, Shuo-Yen, and 王碩彥. "Reducing Traffic Crash Risk through Driver Rescheduling：A Case Study on Intercity Bus Drivers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pdvzsq.

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碩士
國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
105
In Taiwan, crashes which involve intercity bus are usually with lots of injuries and deaths. Both the government and the intercity bus companies want to avoid crash. Previous research pointed out that crashes can be reduced by well-designed scheduling. But only limited of studies combining analysis about different scheduling’s crash risk and how to reschedule. This research combines these two parts, so that when dealing with other kind of driving environment or work context, our study can still be implemented to reduce crash risk. We use 1-year departure and crash database provided by the case study intercity bus company. The study can be divided into 3 questions. (1)How to categorize scheduling and how would this part affect our analysis? (2) Which kinds of scheduling are more dangerous than others? (3) How to rescheduling? The results showed that working at midnight or afternoon in two consecutive days and not beginning working in the evening after 24 hours rest are more dangerous than other scheduling. And rescheduling can reduce about 30% number of crashes without changing bus timetable.
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Lin, Po-Jui, and 林伯叡. "Using driving video data to analyze crash sequences - A Case Study of Inter-City Bus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bb5z5b.

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碩士
國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
104
Abstract Without pre-crash data has its limitation, when using police accident report to analyze the causes of the crash, as well as to develop the effective countermeasures. Despite pre-crash information can be collected through the video screen and digital driving record, a sequence of events is specific characteristic of data. Lack of available and useful methods to study the dynamic characteristics change over time, it’s very difficult to identify crash causality, and to quantize crash condition. This goal of this research is the development of basic coding scheme, to define, screen and identify crash systematically. Take the side-impact crash of large vehicle for example. The major steps are: (1) to establish basic coding scheme by screening pre-crash information of the video data, including driver behavior and driving situation；(2) to identify crash causality by using case-control study；(3) to further understand the formation conditions by building a safety frontier model. The results of this study indicate that the potential pitfalls of such vision shift are illustrated. The driver would be easy to expose at risk, if there was a period between glancing on the right side mirror and actually rotating the steering wheel. The ability to monitor rear right position which is potential sources of hazards is essential when right turn maneuver. The driver must prioritize locations in the visual scene according to their importance and frequently monitor the most likely hazard spots.
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Yadav, Vikas. "Finite element modeling and side impact study of a low-floor mass transit bus." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/658.

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Mass transportation systems, specifically bus systems, are a key element of the national transportation network. Buses are one of the safest forms of transportation; nonetheless, bus crashes resulting in occupant injuries and fatalities do occur. According to Traffic Safety Facts reports from 1999 to 2003, an average of 40 fatalities and 18,430 injuries of bus occupants have occurred per year, with side impact accounting for 14 % according to type of impact and by initial point of impact it accounts for 36%. A full scale crash test is considered the most reliable source of information regarding structural integrity and safety of motor vehicles. However, the high cost of such tests and difficulties in collecting data has resulted in an increasing interest in the analytical and computational methods of evaluation. With the advancement in computer simulations, full finite element validated vehicle models are being analyzed for different impact scenarios to predict vehicle behavior and occupant response. This thesis research work presents the procedure for development of a finite element (FE) model of a mass transit bus and the results of its crashworthiness and structural integrity analysis. The finite element model is developed by extracting mid-surface from solid cad model. This model is a detailed model with all parts. All parts are connected using different multi point constraints and special links with failure to model actual types of structural connections such as bolts and spot welds. LS-DYNA non-linear, explicit, 3-D, dynamic FE computer code was used to simulate behavior of the transit bus under different side impact scenarios. A parametric study is done to study structural response of transit bus when impacted by vehicles of different masses, sizes and shapes. A multibody analysis is done to study occupant response to different side impact crash conditions.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
"December 2006."
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Books on the topic "Bus crash"

1

The crash: A novel. Toronto: High Interest Publishing Books, 2005.

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Reckless disregard: Corporate greed, government indifference, and the Kentucky school bus crash. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Mayflower Contract Services, Inc., tour bus plunge from Tramway Road and overturn crash near Palm Springs, California, July 31, 1991. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1993.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Safety implications of the Kentucky schoolbus crash: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Safety implications of the Kentucky schoolbus crash: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Safety implications of the Kentucky schoolbus crash: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Androvich, Mark. Crash Bash: Prima's official strategy guide. Roseville, CA: Prima Pub., 2000.

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Camé, François. Le jour le plus bas: Histoire de la grande crise financière des années 80. [Paris]: J.C. Lattès, 1988.

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Bergren, Lisa Tawn. Pathways. Colorado Springs, Colo: WaterBrook Press, 2001.

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Lewis, Linda. We Hate Everything But Boys: We just formed a ''secret'' club called .... New York, USA: Pocket Books, a div. of Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bus crash"

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Rupp, J. C. "The Love Bug." In Car Crash Culture, 77–81. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09321-9_8.

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Colenutt, Bob. "The 2008 financial crash continues." In The Property Lobby, 99–106. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340492.003.0007.

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The 2008 Crash and its continuing aftermath have had a lasting impact on the scale and persistence of the housing crisis. The chapter explains that the Crash was largely caused by over lending to residential property in the US but the contagion spread to the UK banking system. It argues that the fall out continues to affect the market in a number of ways notably credit policies housing investment and cut backs in public expenditure. The banking system and the property market were bailed out and the austerity decade has reduced the capacity and ability of local government to build social housing or compensate for the fall in private sector house building. It is argued that the UK housing market is particularly subject to boom and bust fuelled by speculation and overseas investment yet the planners were scapegoated by the Treasury for the collapse on house building after 2008.
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Edgerley, Peter. "The Testery and the Breaking of Fish." In Colossus. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192840554.003.0031.

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In 1942 I was an 18-year-old schoolboy. My headmaster received a letter from a government department asking him to recommend candidates for work in military intelligence. There was, not unnaturally, little information given about the nature of the work, and certainly no mention of codes or ciphers— but I was sufficiently intrigued and decided to apply. I attended an interview in London, at an address just off Piccadilly. There were five or six interviewers on the panel, some of them civilians. It was a difficult interview, since there was no mention of what the job was. A few weeks later I received a travel warrant and was asked to report to 1 Albany Road in Bedford. I discovered on arrival that I was on a cryptology course. My qualifications were in French and mathematics. Those of us with no German were put on a crash course, in a back room of a hotel a couple of minutes’ walk away from the cryptology school. The German course was nonmilitary in orientation, and the cryptology we were taught was in fact based entirely on English. The cryptology course covered a variety of methods of encryption—nothing hush-hush. We were each issued with a course book, and an instructor came round to give us help with the exercises at the end of each chapter. There were also encrypted messages which we were expected to decrypt. The course lasted about two months. We all knew by then that, if chosen, our next move was to Bletchley Park. I was chosen, but unfortunately there was not enough local accommodation at Bletchley, and I had to stay in Bedford, along with several others who had taken the course. We caught the train to and fro each day, except when returning at midnight after a late shift, when a bus was laid on. Tester’s section—an army section, also employing some civilians on army reserve—was at that time located in Hut 15A, near Enigma Huts 3 and 6 and close to the far end of the tennis court provided for us by Winston Churchill. When Block F was completed we moved there, next door to the much expanded Newmanry with its Colossi.
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"The Roaring Twenties and the Wall Street Crash." In Boom and Bust, 115–33. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108367677.007.

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Felker-Kantor, Max. "Kid Thugs Are Spreading Terror through the Streets." In Policing Los Angeles, 86–112. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646831.003.0005.

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The Watts uprising and anti–police abuse activism ushered in a shift in politics and policing marked by Tom Bradley’s election and his commitment to liberal law-and-order policies. Focusing on the Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice Planning and efforts to combat youth crime during the 1970s, this chapter shows how a combination of liberal and conservative politicians and criminal justice officials focused on reforming a juvenile justice system they believed to be too lenient on youth offenders. By posing rehabilitation and diversion as alternatives to arrest and imprisonment, they provided the police with new discretionary authority to enter social institutions to supervise youth of color. In doing so, the police created new anti-gang units, such as the Community Resources against Street Hoodlums (CRASH) units and drug bust programs to monitor youth of color.
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Cox, Michael. "5. The economic rise of a superpower: from Washington to Trump." In US Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198707578.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the American political economy from the colonial period to Donald Trump. In particular, it examines how the United States emerged from being a predominantly agricultural country to the wealthiest economic power in the world. The chapter first considers America’s economic rise before independence before discussing the role played by economic factors in sparking war between Great Britain and American colonists. It then looks at America’s dramatic economic growth between formal independence and World War I, as well as through the post-war period. It also analyses the American political economy under Bill Clinton and how his economic policies — and those of his successor George W. Bush — contributed to the great economic crash of 2008. It also explores the major economic reasons that accounted for Trump’s victory in the 2016 presidential election and concludes with an overview of how the American economy has been impacted by globalization.
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Cox, Michael. "4. From the end of the cold war to a new world dis-order?" In The Globalization of World Politics, 70–83. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198825548.003.0004.

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This chapter provides a broad overview of the international system between the end of the cold war— when many claimed that liberalism and the West had triumphed— through to the second decade of the twenty-first century, when the West itself and the liberal economic order it had hitherto promoted appeared to be coming under increased pressure from political forces at home and new challenges abroad. But before we turn to the present, the chapter will look at some of the key developments since 1989—including the Clinton presidency, the George W. Bush administration’s foreign policy following the attacks of 9/11, the 2008 financial crash, the crisis in Europe, the transitions taking place in the global South, the origins of the upheavals now reshaping the Middle East, the political shift from Barack Obama to Donald Trump, the emergence of Asia, and the rise of China. The chapter then concludes by examining two big questions: first, is power now shifting away from the West, and second, to what extent does the current wave of populism in the West threaten globalization and the liberal order?
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Ferguson, Rex. "Secretions." In Identification Practices in Twentieth-Century Fiction, 119–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865568.003.0004.

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DNA profiling, in which individual being is identified by its cellular structures, was first developed by the geneticist Alec Jeffreys in the 1980s. That this source of identity also forms the instructions through which living organisms are generated has complicated profiling’s place in the cultural imaginary of the late twentieth century. So, while profiling actually deals only in non-coding regions of the genome—matter often referred to as ‘junk DNA’—the significance of DNA as a substance of forensic analysis, in the late twentieth century imaginary, is its resonance as the apparent blueprint of existence. The notable features that this blurring of concepts brings about include a conceptualization of identity as a mass of information; notions to do with codes and coding; the presence of the body in the fluids which spill beyond its bounds; and a sense of the body as an archive of heredity and primitivism. In writing specifically about genetic research, Richard Powers’s The Gold Bug Variations (1991) serves a dual function in this chapter, as both an explicatory document and thematic example. But the more substantive analysis is reserved for the work of J. G. Ballard which, from its science fiction origins in novels such as The Drowned World (1962), through the controversial era of Crash (1973), to its trilogy of autobiographical texts (Empire of the Sun (1984), The Kindness of Women (1991), and Miracles of Life (2008)) articulates a form of identity that has close, though often oblique, affinities with all the most prominent features of DNA profiling.
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Conference papers on the topic "Bus crash"

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Whitman, Gary, Tim Joganich, James Dayman, Bruce Holmberg, Michael Gedeon, and Jack Reed. "Multimedia Occupant Crash Protection Development Guide." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-3427.

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Rich, David B., Walter K. Kosiak, Gregory J. Manlove, and Dwight L. Schwarz. "A Remotely Mounted Crash Detection System." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/973240.

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Cheng, James C. "Body Mount Crash Characteristic Identification - Test and Analysis." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/942255.

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Tanov, Romil, Marlin Brueggert, and Shu Yang. "Finite Element Modeling and Crash Analysis of a School Bus." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3425.

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Blower, Daniel, Vasanth Krishnaswami, Devi Putcha, and Alrik Svenson. "Analysis of Truck-Light Vehicle Crash Data for Truck Aggressivity Reduction." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-2726.

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Mohammad, Rafi, Rahul RAJ, Chithrakumar V K, and Krishnan hari. "Side Impact Crash Test Simulation and Analysis of Passenger Bus." In 8th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference & Exposition and Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress 2013 (SIMCOMVEC). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2840.

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Liu, X. T., C. H. Liu, S. L. Shi, L. H. Zhao, and H. Huang. "The analysis of front rail crash on mini-bus chassis." In 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccae.2010.5451424.

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Jeyakumar, P. D., and G. Devaradjane. "Improvement of the Frontal Structure of a Bus for Crash Accidents." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86869.

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The increasing legal and customer demands on passive safety of automobiles have to be fulfilled under the conditions of shortened development times and cost reductions. Today the design process of a bus with regard to its crashworthiness function is driven by a virtual development. A wide range of different applications has to be covered by simulation influencing the design of body-in-white, interior and exterior trim, chassis and power train. In recent days more emphasis has been given to Passenger bus rollover analysis and side impact but the study of frontal impact behaviour of the passenger bus is ignored. The finite element analysis is used for estimating the damage of the passenger bus due to the frontal crash. The vehicle model is allowed to frontal crash with rigid material. The deformation and displacement characteristics of the structure are analyzed at different speeds. Geometric modeling of the bus structure has been created by using CATIA cad package and discritized by ANSYS LS-Dyna. The numerical simulation is carried out for different velocities of bus structure. The results of displacement during collision are plotted on the graph. Some improvements were suggested in the body structure after analysing different types of crack initiators.
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Stanisławek, Sebastian, Paweł Dziewulski, and Grzegorz Sławiński. "Application of a bus seat buffer to mitigate frontal crash effects." In COMPUTER METHODS IN MECHANICS (CMM2017): Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computer Methods in Mechanics. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5019078.

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Felicetti, Roberto. "Assessment of a fire damaged concrete overpass: the Verona bus crash case study." In 11th International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF2020). Brisbane, QLD Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/ba5331e.

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Reports on the topic "Bus crash"

1

Wei, Fulu, Ce Wang, Xiangxi Tian, Shuo Li, and Jie Shan. Investigation of Durability and Performance of High Friction Surface Treatment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317281.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) completed a total of 25 high friction surface treatment (HFST) projects across the state in 2018. This research study attempted to investigate the durability and performance of HFST in terms of its HFST-pavement system integrity and surface friction performance. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-bauxite mortar. Field inspections were carried out to identify site conditions and common early HFST distresses. Cyclic loading test and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to evaluate the bonding strength between HFST and existing pavement, in particular chip seal with different pretreatments such as vacuum sweeping, shotblasting, and scarification milling. Both surface friction and texture tests were undertaken periodically (generally once every 6 months) to evaluate the surface friction performance of HFST. Crash records over a 5-year period, i.e., 3 years before installation and 2 years after installation, were examined to determine the safety performance of HFST, crash modification factor (CMF) in particular. It was found that HFST epoxy-bauxite mortar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) significantly higher than those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures and Portland cement concrete (PCC), and good cracking resistance. The most common early HFST distresses in Indiana are reflective cracking, surface wrinkling, aggregate loss, and delamination. Vacuum sweeping is the optimal method for pretreating existing pavements, chip seal in particular. Chip seal in good condition is structurally capable of providing a sound base for HFST. On two-lane highway curves, HFST is capable of reducing the total vehicle crash by 30%, injury crash by 50%, and wet weather crash by 44%, and providing a CMF of 0.584 in Indiana. Great variability may arise in the results of friction tests on horizontal curves by the use of locked wheel skid tester (LWST) due both to the nature of vehicle dynamics and to the operation of test vehicle. Texture testing, however, is capable of providing continuous texture measurements that can be used to calculate a texture height parameter, i.e., mean profile depth (MPD), not only for evaluating friction performance but also implementing quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) plans for HFST.
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Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson, and Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.

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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.
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Evidence Update for Clinicians: Treatment Options for People with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/eu9.2019.9.

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A recent update of a systematic review, supported by PCORI through a research partnership with AHRQ, informs clinicians on psychological and pharmacological treatments for PTSD in adults. The review reports on 207 articles from 193 studies published before 2018, updating a 2013 review. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 6% of US adults. It is more common in groups including women, younger people, and those who did not complete high school or who have lower incomes. PTSD can affect military personnel serving in combat, but it may also develop after a person experiences or witnesses intimate partner violence, sexual violence, physical abuse or assault, a motor vehicle crash, natural disaster, violent crime, or other traumatic event.
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