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Journal articles on the topic 'Bus Depots'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Jahic, Amra, Mina Eskander, and Detlef Schulz. "Charging Schedule for Load Peak Minimization on Large-Scale Electric Bus Depots." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091748.

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The city of Hamburg has decided to electrify its bus fleets. The two public transportation companies in this city expect to operate up to 1500 buses by 2030. In order to accomplish this ambitious goal, both companies need to build an appropriate charging infrastructure. They have both decided to implement the centralized depot charging concept. Buses can therefore charge only at the depot and do not have the possibility for opportunity charging at intermediate stations. The load profile of such a bus depot is highly dependent on the charging schedule of buses. Without an intelligent scheduling

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Jahic, Amra, Maik Plenz, Mina Eskander, and Detlef Schulz. "Route Scheduling for Centralized Electric Bus Depots." IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 2 (2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojits.2021.3096115.

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Raab, Andreas, Enrico Lauth, Kai Strunz, and Dietmar Göhlich. "Implementation Schemes for Electric Bus Fleets at Depots with Optimized Energy Procurements in Virtual Power Plant Operations." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010005.

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For the purpose of utilizing electric bus fleets in metropolitan areas and with regard to providing active energy management at depots, a profound understanding of the transactions between the market entities involved in the charging process is given. The paper examines sophisticated charging strategies with energy procurements in joint market operation. Here, operation procedures and characteristics of a depot including the physical layout and utilization of appropriate charging infrastructure are investigated. A comprehensive model framework for a virtual power plant (VPP) is formulated and

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Goyal, Swati, Shivi Agarwal, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh, Trilok Mathur, and Nirbhay Mathur. "Analysis of Hybrid MCDM Methods for the Performance Assessment and Ranking Public Transport Sector: A Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215110.

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The quality of the public transport sector affects the economy and the daily livelihoods of passengers. One of the most important objectives of policymakers is to choose the influencing criteria for performance evaluations. A variety of factors are crucial for raising the standards of public transportation services. In this investigation, we used a decision-based model with uncertainty in order to identify significant criteria in the public transport sector. We also performed a comparative analysis to rank the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) bus depots based on their perform

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Singh Hooda, Devinder, and Nitisha Sehrawat. "Sustainable Development and Public Transport in Haryana." Space and Culture, India 11, no. 2 (2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v11i2.1324.

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This study examined the efficiency of public transport in Haryana from 2015-16 to 2020-21 in cognisance of the sustainable development aspect. The depots of the state roadways are considered as decision-making units. The study employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique for estimating the scores of the overall technical efficiency (OTE) and pure technical efficiency (PTE) of decision-making units (DMUs) by using three inputs— fleet size, total staff and bus utilisation. The study considered the total daily passengers transported and effective kilometres covered for the output. Furth

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Shinde, Sandhya, Suchita Wayadande, Shrawni Shinde, and Raj Gurav. "MSRTC Bus Automation." International Journal of Electronics and Computer Applications 1, no. 2 (2024): 36–39. https://doi.org/10.70968/ijeaca.v1i2.3.

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The MSRTC Bus Automation and Emergency Alert System is a comprehensive solution designed to enhance public security and safety within the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) bus fleet. This smart assistance system encompasses features to mitigate risks such as rash driving, with accident detection and monitoring capabilities. Utilizing GPS technology and an intuitive Android application, users can conveniently track bus locations in real-time. In addition to providing real-time tracking, the system facilitates emergency alerts to hospitals, police stations, and bus depots, ens

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Goyal, Swati, Shivi Agarwal, and Trilok Mathur. "An evaluation of the productivity change in public transport sector using DEA-based model." Management Science Letters 12, no. 2 (2022): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2021.10.001.

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This study aims to build a framework for measuring the productivity in the public transport sector through a data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. This paper extends the Malmquist productivity index (MP1) and Luenberger productivity indicator (I.P1) evaluation with the concept of an input-oriented new slack model (NSM). NSM model measures the efficiency with the effect of slacks and satisfies unit invariance, radial and translation invariance properties. In particular, the purpose of the proposed extension is to obtain the overall productivity change in terms of technical change (Frontier

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., Vinu, K. S. Premlal, and Saranya Nagalingam. "A cross sectional study on pattern and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal morbidities among government bus drivers in Mangalore, Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (2018): 5126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184785.

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Background: Absenteeism, turnover and disability among the drivers appeared to be high. The main conditions leading to disablement among drivers are related to cardiovascular diseases, psychological problems and musculo-skeletal disorders. This study was planned to determine the pattern of musculoskeletal morbidities among government bus drivers in Mangalore, the associated risk factors of musculoskeletal morbidities.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Mangalore KSRTC Bus Depot among 310 bus drivers over a period of 18 months from 2014 to 2016 yr. The study was conducted in three

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Mahadikar, Jagadish, Raviraj H. Mulangi, and Thallak G. Sitharam. "Optimization of bus allocation to depots by minimizing dead kilometers." Journal of Advanced Transportation 49, no. 8 (2015): 901–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.1312.

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Orbea, Jone, Sebastian Castellanos, Cristina Albuquerque, Ryan Sclar, and Berta Pinheiro. "Adapting Procurement Models for Electric Buses in Latin America." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846097.

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Bus services are a fundamental component of transportation networks in Latin America, but buses often account for a disproportionately large number of environmental externalities. Electric buses (e-buses) are emerging as an effective and pragmatic option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and local pollutants. However, e-buses are difficult to procure in Latin America because of existing procurement challenges in the region, especially as those challenges relate to forming contracts to deal with high upfront costs and unknown risks. To overcome these procurement issues, this paper presents

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Jahic, Amra, Felix Heider, Maik Plenz, and Detlef Schulz. "Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103639.

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One of the crucial steps for a successful integration of electric bus fleets into the existing electric power systems is the active and intelligent usage of their flexibility. This is important not only for reducing the eventual negative effects on the power grid but also for reducing energy and infrastructure costs. The first step in the optimal usage of flexibility is its quantification, which allows the maximum provision of flexibility without any negative effects for the fleet operation. This paper explores the available flexibility of large-scale electric bus fleets with a concept of cent

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Jiang, Mengyan, Yi Zhang, and Yi Zhang. "Multi-Depot Electric Bus Scheduling Considering Operational Constraint and Partial Charging: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010255.

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Electric buses (e-buses) demonstrate great potential in improving urban air quality thanks to zero tailpipe emissions and thus being increasingly introduced to the public transportation systems. In the transit operation planning, a common requirement is that long-distance non-service travel of the buses among bus terminals should be avoided in the schedule as it is not cost-effective. In addition, e-buses should begin and end a day of operation at their base depots. Based on the unique route configurations in Shenzhen, the above two requirements add further constraint to the form of feasible s

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Illangasinghe, Dhananja, M. A. A. P. Alagiyawanna, D. B. D. L. Samaranayake, and Neil Fernando. "Effectiveness of an intervention to manage occupational stress among bus drivers of Sri Lanka Transport Board in Colombo District, Sri Lanka." Journal of the College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka 29, no. 4 (2023): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jccpsl.v29i4.8617.

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Introduction: Occupational stress among bus drivers is on the rise in the world. Mental health promotion programs can be effective in managing job stress in occupational groups.Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention to manage occupational stress among bus drivers of Sri Lanka Transport Board of Colombo District.Methods: A cluster randomized control trial was performed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Drivers were selected by randomization from all 12 depots in Colombo District. The intervention was carried out in six depots and controlled in t

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Roy, Prasenjit, and Jayita Pal. "A study on occupational health hazards and morbidity profile of the bus drivers and conductors working in government bus depots of South Kolkata." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (2020): 5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205184.

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Background: Health has always been closely linked with occupation. Occupational hazards have become more prominent in the post-industrial societies and includes a never-ending list of diseases. The current study was an attempt to explore the physical health hazards and their possible risk factors among the bus drivers and conductors employed in south Kolkata bus depots under the West Bengal transport corporation. Methods: A cross-sectional study had been conducted in two governmental bus depots under Calcutta state transport corporation (WBTC) of south Kolkata, West Bengal. All the bus drivers

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Banihashemi, Mohamadreza, and Ali Haghani. "Optimization Model for Large-Scale Bus Transit Scheduling Problems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1733, no. 1 (2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1733-04.

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A procedure is presented for solving real-world large-scale multiple depot vehicle scheduling (MDVS) problems considering the route time constraints (RTCs). The procedure is applied to some test problems and then to a real-world problem. The real-world problem is the transit bus scheduling problem of the mass transit administration (MTA) in Baltimore, Maryland. The RTCs are added to the MDVS problem to account for real-world operational restrictions such as fuel consumption. Formulation of the MDVS problem, the set of constraints for considering the time restriction, and a heuristic procedure

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Zheng, Chang, Qian Yue, Hu Song, Liu Yuqing, and Song Yan. "Model for route planning of freight buses." SHS Web of Conferences 192 (2024): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419201004.

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This paper introduces freight buses as a novel solution for city logistics, aiming to replace other freighters currently operated by various private logistics firms within city centers. The focus lies on investigating the route planning challenge associated with integrating freight buses into an city distribution framework. Each freight bus follows a predefined route, repeatedly traversing from a distribution center to multiple depots before returning to the distribution center. All depots are serviced by multiple freight buses on a consistent basis. This route planning problem presents a fres

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Verbrugge, Boud, Thomas Geury, and Omar Hegazy. "Co-Design Optimization and Total Cost of Ownership Analysis of an Electric Bus Depot Microgrid with Photovoltaics and Energy Storage Systems." Energies 17, no. 24 (2024): 6233. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246233.

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Due to the increasing share of battery electric buses (BEBs) in cities, depots need to be adapted to the increasing load demand. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into a depot can increase the self-consumption, but optimal sizing is required for a cost-efficient and reliable operation. Accordingly, this paper introduces a co-design optimization framework for a depot microgrid, equipped with photovoltaics (PVs) and an energy storage system (ESS). Three European cities are considered to evaluate the effect of different environmental conditions and electricity prices on the optim

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M, Shashank, Mohamed Zakir, and Noor Basha. "BMTC BUS DISTRIBUTION AND MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 9, no. 8 (2022): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2022.v0908.05.

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The quality of any public transport system is crucially dependent on its reliability. BMTC bus distribution is not well planned in the Bengaluru Metro City resulting in massive crowds in Buses and Bus stands. Hence this is a real-life problem that needs an immediate solution. Using ‘YOLO’ (You Only Look Once) Machine Learning algorithm, we try to solve the existing crowd problem in BMTC buses. By making use of the camera present inside the bus upfront, we can count the onboarded passengers and store it in cloud (Real Time). These numbers can be seen by passengers who are waiting for the bus. I

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Ankolekar, Suresh, and Nitin R. Patel. "Optimal Trip Assignment To Depots In A Large Inter-City Bus System." INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03155986.1989.11732085.

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Jia, Zuoning, Kun An, and Wanjing Ma. "Utilizing electric bus depots for public Charging: Operation strategies and benefit analysis." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 130 (May 2024): 104155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104155.

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Sulgante, Sudheera, and Rahul C. Kirte. "Behavioral And Psychosocial Risk Factors for Hypertension Among Bus Drivers and Conductors in Karnataka." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 05 (2022): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.1305202228.

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Background: Hypertension being a disease of occupational origin, its prevalence is found to be high among those who work in a few selected occupational groups. Road transport professionals are one such group and due to their work needs, they tend to adapt to the lifestyle which makes them more vulnerable to developing such diseases in long run. Objective: To identify behavioural and psychosocial risk factors for hypertension among bus drivers and conductors of NEKRTC, Raichur division. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out in two NEKRTC depots of Raichur division, Ra

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M.V., Praveen* K.M. Remya T.C. Archana. "Elevated Bus Transport Quality: How KSRTC's 'BOND', Traditional Services, And Private Bus Services Compare in Commuters' Experience ?" International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 1, no. 2 (2024): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13854054.

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This study aimed to examine the service quality of Kerala State Road Transport Corporation’s demand responsive transit initiative, Bus on Demand (BOND) Services and to compare the service experience provided it with that of traditional state owned and privately owned bus services. 120 bus passengers were selected by simple random sampling centred at two main depots of KSRTC in Kerala. This study follows a mixed analysis approach. To assess the quality of BOND service, the primary data collected directly from passengers and to compare the service experience of passengers, results of a rec

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Sulgante, Sudheera, and Rahul C. Kirte. "A Study on Prevalence and Socio Demographic Risk Factors for Hypertension Among Bus Drivers and Conductors of Southern India." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 06 (2022): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.1306202227.

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Background: Hypertension is one of the diseases of occupational origin. The percentage of hypertensive increases when selected occupational groups are screened. Transport personnel are one such group who are at risk of developing hypertension due to the nature of their profession. Objective: To study the prevalence of hypertension and socio demographic risk factors for hypertension among bus drivers and conductors of NEKRTC, Raichur division. Methods: A cross sectional study comprising of 360 bus drivers and 338 bus conductors was undertaken in two NEKRTC depots of Raichur division, Raichur. D

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Erazo-Cifuentes, Yovany Arley, and Carlos Julio Vidal-Holguín. "Deadheading minimization of the massive transportation system in the city of Cali Colombia." DYNA 89, no. 221 (2022): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n221.98403.

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A model is presented for optimizing the bus allocation to depots or workshop yards (WY), minimizing the total daily fuel consumption of the system during empty runs (non-commercial), and considering the different types of buses, the WY capacities, the demand, and respecting the participation of each WY in the operation. The model is tested in a case study located in Cali and its results reveal significant cost savings opportunities by means of different strategies.

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Chau, Matina L. Y., Diamanto Koutsompina, and Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis. "The Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem for Buses in Networks with Multi-Port Charging Stations." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (2024): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031305.

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As more and more cities try to reduce their CO2 emissions, public transport fleets are undergoing a transition from conventional to electric vehicles. To complete this shift, there is a need to build the required charging infrastructure. When the first electric buses were adopted, the charging stations were mostly built in the locations of large bus depots. However, in recent years, there has been a crowding problem in the charging stations resulting in queuing and unnecessary delays. In this study, we explore the potential of replacing single-port charging stations with multi-port charging st

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Kazim, Rafia. "Subverting the rules of grammar: is Kolaveri di the subalterns' English?" English Today 29, no. 2 (2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078413000126.

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English is a global language, and the fact has been reiterated by various studies conducted both in native and non-native countries. In India, English, since the British era, has dominated the domains of administration, business, higher education, science and technology and mass media. Post-Independence the visibility and functionality of English increased manifold. English is everywhere on the streets: from billboards to hoardings, from advertisements to road signs, English is omnipresent. Even for petty official works in places such as banks, post offices, hospitals, railway stations, bus de

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Singaravel, Sasikaladevi S., and Elayaraja K. Kandaswamy. "A cross sectional study on prevalence of obesity among bus drivers of Metropolitan Transport Corporation Limited, Chennai." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (2017): 4456. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175102.

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Background: The job of bus driving involves several health risks. Both individual behaviours and work environmental variables contribute to higher obesity prevalence and risk of excess weight gain in this occupational group. This study has been planned to study the prevalence of obesity among bus drivers and to make recommendations to prevent obesity among bus drivers. Methods: The study was planned among bus drivers of the bus depots of Metropolitan Transport Corporation Limited, Chennai between January 2014 and June 2014. The sample size was calculated based on the assumption where the preva

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Al Mahmud, Khondokar Abdullah, Saad Md Sayedur Rahman, and Md Ziaur Rahman. "Common Voice Disorders among Bus Helpers in Dhaka City." IAHS Medical Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iahsmj.v7i1.77573.

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Background: There are approximately 9911 buses and 8515 minibuses are running within Dhaka city. Most of them have bus helpers who most of the time uses loud voice and yelling for their job. For which they are under a great risk of having voice disorder. No study was conduct to find the rate of voice disorder in this group. This study will seek out the rate of voice disorder and the risk among this group. Materials and methods: A total of 80 bus helpers participated in the study. Their vehicle routes were within Dhaka city. It was a cross-sectional survey. Sampling was done by convenience tech

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Ntoulas, N., and P. A. Nektarios. "DESIGN OF ATHENS' TRAM AND URBAN BUS DEPOTS SURROUNDING AREAS BASED ON NOISE LEVELS MONITORING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 881 (November 2010): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.881.49.

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Lai, Lawrence W. C., K. W. Chau, Ken S. T. Ching, Jason W. Y. Kwong, Polycarp A. C. W. Cheung, and Frank T. Lorne. "Acquisition and redevelopment of bus depots: A Hong Kong land policy and planning case study." Habitat International 39 (July 2013): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.10.002.

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Kost, Vladyslav, Marilena Merakou, and Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis. "Electric Bus Scheduling Problem with Time Windows and Stochastic Travel Times." Information 16, no. 5 (2025): 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050376.

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This work develops a scheduling tool for electric buses that accounts for daily disruptions while minimizing the operational costs. The contribution of this study lies in the development of electric bus schedules that consider many factors, such as multiple depots, multiple charging stations, and stochastic travel times, providing schedules resilient to extreme conditions. The developed model is a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) with chance constraints. The main decision variables are the assignment of electric vehicles to scheduled trips and charging events to ensure the improved operatio

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Guschinsky, N. N., M. Y. Kovalyov, and B. M. Rozin. "Optimization of heterogeneous charging infrastructure and charging schedule of electric buses for city routes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series 61, no. 1 (2025): 74–88. https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2025-61-1-74-88.

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The problem of optimizing the equipment of urban transport network nodes with charging stations of various types and the daily charging schedule for them for a fleet of battery electric buses is considered. Charging stations of depots should provide slow charging of electric bus batteries at night to the maximum level, charging stations of route terminals are intended for fast partial recharging of batteries, sufficient for electric buses to perform next trips of their daytime tasks within a representative period of the day. The criterion of optimality is the minimization of the total daily co

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Kim, Tae-Kyung, and Woo-Hyun Yang. "The Necessity and Feasibility for the Mixed-use Development of Bus Depots in Urban Residential Area." Journal of the Korean housing association 24, no. 6 (2013): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2013.24.6.081.

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Hanumegowda, Pradeep Kumar, and Sakthivel Gnanasekaran. "Prediction of Work-Related Risk Factors among Bus Drivers Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (2022): 15179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215179.

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A recent development in ergonomics research is using machine learning techniques for risk assessment and injury prevention. Bus drivers are more likely than other workers to suffer musculoskeletal diseases because of the nature of their jobs and their working conditions (WMSDs). The basic idea of this study is to forecast important work-related risk variables linked to WMSDs in bus drivers using machine learning approaches. A total of 400 full-time male bus drivers from the east and west zone depots of Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC), which is based in Bengaluru, south Indi

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Pechkurov, Ivan, Dmitry Plotnikov, Andrey Gorev, Tatiana Kudryavtseva, Aushra Banite, and Angi Skhvediani. "Development of a Method for Selecting Bus Rapid Transit Corridors Based on the Economically Viable Passenger Flow Criterion." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032391.

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The creation of bus rapid transit systems requires significant investments in transport infrastructure. It often requires changes in roadway parameters, building boarding platforms, new bus depots, as well as creating a priority passage system at intersections with individual vehicles flows. In world practice, the routing of bus rapid transit (hereinafter — BRT) corridors is often based on the criterion of an opinion of transport experts who assess passenger flows and the location of main attraction points. This article describes an algorithm for building BRT corridors based on the criterion o

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Kang, Mingyu, Bosung Lee, and Younsoo Lee. "A Robust Optimization Approach for E-Bus Charging and Discharging Scheduling with Vehicle-to-Grid Integration." Mathematics 13, no. 9 (2025): 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13091380.

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Electric buses (E-buses) are gaining popularity in urban transportation due to their environmental benefits and operational efficiency. However, large-scale integration of E-buses and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology introduces scheduling complexities for charging and discharging operations arising from uncertainties in energy consumption and load reduction requests. While prior studies have explored electric vehicle scheduling, few have considered robust optimization for E-bus fleets under uncertain parameters such as trip energy consumption and load reduction requests. This paper proposes a

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Nair, S., and K. Nikam. "Unique Partnership to Roll Out Cancer Awareness and Screening Program for High-Risk Population in Maharashtra." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 140s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.78600.

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Background and context: India is one of the few countries to have National Cancer Control Program and emphasis is given on tobacco related cancers because of high prevalence of such practices in India. As per the Global Adult survey 2016 around 30% of Indian population consume tobacco in any other form. Bus drivers, conductors and support staff of two leading public transport companies will be targeted by Indian Cancer Society as they are among high risk population with huge percentage of employees addicted with tobacco. Through this unique partnership, Indian Cancer Society (ICS) will promote

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Al-Saadi, Mohammed, Manuel Mathes, Johannes Käsgen, et al. "Optimization and Analysis of Electric Vehicle Operation with Fast-Charging Technologies." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 1 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13010020.

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This work presents three demos, which include Electric Buses (EBs) from four various brands with lengths of 12 m and 18 m and an Electric Truck (E-truck) for refuse collection. The technical operation of these EVs were analyzed to implement further operational cost optimization on the demo vehicles. The Electric Vehicles (EVs) were tested against superfast-charging solutions based on Pantograph (Type A & Type B) on the route lines (and depots) and based on Combined Charging System Type 2 (CCS2, Combo2) from various brands to validate the interoperability among several vendors and support f

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Hou, Hui, Junyi Tang, Zhiwei Zhang, et al. "Stochastic pre‐disaster planning and post‐disaster restoration to enhance distribution system resilience during typhoons." Energy Conversion and Economics 4, no. 5 (2023): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/enc2.12098.

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AbstractIn recent years, extreme weather events, such as typhoons, have led to large‐scale power outages in distribution systems. As a result, developing strategies to bolster distribution system resilience has become imperative. This paper proposes a two‐stage stochastic programming model aimed at enhancing this resilience. Prior to a typhoon, the first stage establishes a comprehensive wind field model based on extreme value distribution for accurate wind speed predictions. Simultaneously, a refined stress–strength interference model is used to determine the likelihood of distribution line f

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Lai, Lawrence W. C. "The Redevelopment of Bus Depots: A Transaction Cost Economic Analysis of a Change in the Use of Land in Hong Kong." Planning Practice & Research 31, no. 1 (2016): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2015.1110886.

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Gainwar, Miss Sneha K. "A Research on Chocolate Vending Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45294.

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Abstract: This paper proposes the planning of Automatic chocolate slot machine. The first purpose of the thought is to dispatch new innovation application within the spotlight. Slot machine that sales completely different sort of merchandise. Here we have a tendency to uses frequency Identification (RFID) beside Arduino, to beat the coin primarily based slot machine that doesn't came back the balance quantity if no modification out there. This paper includes chocolate dispensing machines that are an integrated system. The most objective of our project is to launch new technology application in

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Wang, Jing, Heqi Wang, and Chunguang Wang. "Optimal Charging Pile Configuration and Charging Scheduling for Electric Bus Routes Considering the Impact of Ambient Temperature on Charging Power." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097375.

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Charging piles in the bus depot provide charging services to multiple electric bus (EB) routes operating in the area. As charging needs may overlap between independently operated routes, EB fleets often have to wait in line for charging. However, affected by the ambient temperature, the length of the waiting time will cause the battery temperature to change at the beginning of each charging, thereby influencing the charging performance and charging time of the battery. To this end, this paper considers the influence of ambient temperature on battery charging performance, and collaboratively op

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Teixeira, A., R. Delfa, and F. Colomer-Rocher. "Relationships between fat depots and body condition score or tail fatness in the Rasa Aragonesa breed." Animal Science 49, no. 2 (1989): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032402.

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ABSTRACTThe relationships between body fat depots and body condition score (BCS) were determined in 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes aged 10 (s.d. 2) years and ranging in BCS from 1·5 to 4·5. BCS of each ewe was assessed by three people, the repeatability within individuals being 90% and between individuals 80%. The ewes were weighed before slaughter. After slaughter the omental, mesenteric, kidney and pelvic fat were separated and weighed. The fat of the left side of the carcass was separated into subcutaneous and intermuscular depots. The relationship between live weight and BCS was semilogarith

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Arana, A., J. A. Mendizabal, R. Delfa, et al. "Lipogenic activity in Rasa Aragonesa ewes of different body condition score." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 1 (2005): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a04-020.

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of body condition score on tissue and metabolic characteristics of the adipose depots in sheep of Rasa Aragonesa breed. Ewes were uniformly assigned according to their body condition score (BCS) (scale 0 to 5), to four groups: 0.75–1.75, 2–2.75, 3–3.75, and 4–4.5. The amount of fat and the adipocyte size in the different adipose depots increased as BCS did (P < 0.001) while the number of adipocytes did not change. The greatest ability to accumulate or mobilize fat was the subcutaneous depot (slope of the regression between amount of fat and BCS,

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Saini, Hiren. "Environmental Benefits of Transition to Electric School Buses." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 6 (2024): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.6.07-12.

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The research paper titled Environmental Benefits of Transition to Electric School Buses examines the substantial environmental and public health advantages of replacing diesel-powered school buses with electric school buses (ESBs) in the United States. With over 500,000 school buses transporting around 27 million students daily, more than 90% of them rely on diesel engines, which emit harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These pollutants contribute to air pollution, climate change, and serious health issues, particularly for child

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Edwards, Julia B., Alan C. McKinnon, and Sharon L. Cullinane. "Comparative analysis of the carbon footprints of conventional and online retailing." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 40, no. 1/2 (2010): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600031011018055.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the carbon intensity of “last mile” deliveries (i.e. deliveries of goods from local depots to the home) and personal shopping trips.Design/methodology/approachSeveral last mile scenarios are constructed for the purchase of small, non‐food items, such as books, CDs, clothing, cameras and household items. Official government data, operational data from a large logistics service provider, face‐to‐face and telephone interviews with company managers and realistic assumptions derived from the literature form the basis of the calculations. Allowance has

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Yadav, Pratik. "Predict, Identify and Alert on Suspicious Activity by Multiple Zone." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 4705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52523.

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Abstract: Suspicious human activity detection in security capture is a study topic in image processing and vision. The mysterious identification of human activity from video surveillance is an area of study in both fields. Human activity can be monitored visually in conspicuous public spaces like bus depots, airports, railway stations, financial institutions, malls, schools, and universities to avoid terrorist activity, vandalism, accidents, prohibited parking spaces, vandalism, fighting chain theft, criminality, and other unusual behavior. Extremely difficult to continually monitor public spa

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Mendizabal, J. A., R. Delfa, A. Arana, et al. "Estimating fat reserves in Rasa Aragonesa ewes: A comparison of different methods." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 4 (2003): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-035.

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Four pre-slaughter measurements, liveweight (LW), body condition score (BCS) and fat thickness, measured by ultrasound, in the lumbar (FTL) and sternal regions (FTS), and four post-slaughter measurements, empty liveweight (ELW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and diameter of adipocytes in subcutaneous (DSC) and omental (DOM) fat depots¸ were used to predict the weight of fat in the omental (OM), mesenteric (MES), perirenal (PR), subcutaneous (SC) and intermuscular (IM) depots of ewes. Linear and multiple regressions were fitted to data from 42 adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating Rasa Aragonesa ewe

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Frutos, P., A. R. Mantecón, and F. J. Giráldez. "Relationship of body condition score and live weight with body composition in mature Churra ewes." Animal Science 64, no. 3 (1997): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800016052.

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AbstractThirty-five mature Churra ewes, ranging in live weight from 30·3 to 52·6 kg and in body condition score from 1·25 to 4·00 were used to study the relationship between body condition score (BCS), live weight (LW) and body composition and fat distribution in ewes of this breed, which is one of the major sheep breeds of northern Spain. The procedure at slaughter and at subsequent dissection was designed to partition each body into two components, carcass and ‘non-carcass’. Right side carcasses and ‘non-carcass’ components were used to analyse the chemical composition. From the left side of

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Sayyed, Mushahid. "Smart Bus-Pass System using Android Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 5375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35809.

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The main aim of this paper is to introduce the android based app for registration and renewal of bus pass.it is very easy process for passengers to apply for bus pass. We have added the online payment option for the users to apply bus pass. Passengers don’t have to go to bus depot for bus pass and it reduces the paperwork.

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