Academic literature on the topic 'Bus rapid transport'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bus rapid transport"
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Sammy Boya, Kgaugelo. "Bus rapid transit projects involving the South African government and small operators (as SMMEs): is bus rapid transit a blue or red ocean strategy?" Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(1-1).2016.10.
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Transport forms the heartbeat of the economy, not only in South Africa but also globally. Over time the South African government has invested a great deal of resources in transport projects such as taxi recapitalization rail technology as well as bus rapid transit (BRT). The BRT project has been a point of discussion in terms of the value which it can bring to key stakeholders, particularly to commuters and the country’s economy at large. BRT is basically an urban public bus transport strategy which seeks to alleviate congestion, mostly in the Metropolitan areas. In this paper the significance of the BRT strategy is highlighted as this may guide future public transport project investment. As a strategic move, the decision for government to roll out BRT is evaluated in terms of blue ocean strategy (BOS) principles and red ocean strategy (ROS) elements. BOS strategy suggests that an organization operates in its own created market space where competition is rendered irrelevant, whereas with ROS organization relies on having a competitive edge in order to outsmart its rivals. The preliminary findings suggest that there are some elements of both BOS principles and ROS that are relevant to BRT projects. BRT is seen as a useful public transport investment particularly for countries with developing economies elements such as South Africa. However, stakeholder buy-in and cooperation should be promoted to preserve the strategic and social gains brought about by BRT and other integrated public transport projects
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Wright, Lloyd. "Bus Rapid Transit: A Public Transport Renaissance." Built Environment 36, no. 3 (October 13, 2010): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.36.3.269.
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Tu, Wen Yuan, Ji Hui Ma, Wei Guan, and Xin Jie Chen. "The Study of Bus Transit Network Design Methods for Different Sized Cities." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5624.
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With the rapid development of the national economy, the construction of China’s urban transportation is in the stage of rapid development. Both big cities and small-medium cities increasingly appear all kinds of issues such as traffic congestion. Priority to the development of public transport is the most effective way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, and urban bus transit network design is the first step in the planning of the public transport system, plays a vital role in the transportation system planning. Bus transit network generally consisted of rail transit, bus rapid transit and conventional bus in big cities, while it composed of conventional bus in small-medium cities. Therefore, this paper made research on the applicability of bus transit network design methods for different sized cities, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and explored a more excellent method for bus transit network design.
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Wang, Dou Wei, Xiao Ning Zhu, and Hong Yang Wu. "Integration of Public Transport and Bus Rapid Transit System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1860.
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Along with the acceleration of city-urbanization and industrialization process of the cities, city traffic demand increases rapidly. This provides a good development opportunity for the urban traffic and also brings new challenges for the urban traffic at the same time. In addition, the demands for the public transport service quality are becoming more and more strictly for the growth of residents’ travel and the improvement of life quality, the problems in the public transport system have become the main aspects that restrict the development of the urban public transport system. So the advantages of BRT in the optimization of the network are becoming more and more significant.
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Wu, Jiaqing, Rui Song, Youan Wang, Feng Chen, and Shubin Li. "Modeling the Coordinated Operation between Bus Rapid Transit and Bus." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709389.
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The coordination between bus rapid transit (BRT) and feeder bus service is helpful in improving the operational efficiency and service level of urban public transport system. Therefore, a coordinated operation model of BRT and bus is intended to develop in this paper. The total costs are formulated and optimized by genetic algorithm. Moreover, the skip-stop BRT operation is considered when building the coordinated operation model. A case of the existing bus network in Beijing is studied, the proposed coordinated operation model of BRT and bus is applied, and the optimized headway and costs are obtained. The results show that the coordinated operation model could effectively decrease the total costs of the transit system and the transfer time of passengers. The results also suggest that the coordination between the skip-stop BRT and bus during peak hour is more effective than non-coordination operation.
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Warman, Andri, Muhammad Iqbal Firdaus, and Aisyah Rahmawati. "The Perceived Image of TransJakarta Bus Rapid Transit." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 2, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v2i1.128.
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Public transport services provided by Bus Rapid Transit TransJakarta has been launched by the local government of DKI Jakarta as a mass and rapid transport mode that can attract the users of personal vehicle to use this mode of transport. Although the passengers are increasing, but the condition has not reached the optimum level yet. This study is done as an attempt to map the image perceived by the users, either frequent users, occasional users, or non-frequent users. The image projected by the users will depend on the experience degree and information each individual has. The method used here is descriptive analysis and reduction factor to obtain the dimensions of image in the respondents’ mind toward TransJakarta bus. The result shows five dimensions that construct the image, namely affective dimension (Eigenvalue = 5,488, or 26% of all variances), dimension of vehicle aspects (Eigenvalue = 1,794, or 8.5% of all variances), dimension of service characteristic (Eigenvalue = 1,635, or 7.8% of all variances), dimension of impact on the trip (Eigenvalue = 1,348, or 6.4% of all variances), and dimension of impact on the user/other people (Eigenvalue = 1,088, or 5.1% of all variances).
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Warman, Andri, Muhammad Iqbal Firdaus, and Aisyah Rahmawati. "THE PERCEIVED IMAGE OF TRANSJAKARTA BUS RAPID TRANSIT." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v2i1.151.
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Public transport services provided by Bus Rapid Transit TransJakarta has been launched by the local government of DKI Jakarta as a mass and rapid transport mode that can attract the users of personal vehicle to use this mode of transport. Although the passengers are increasing, but the condition has not reached the optimum level yet. This study is done as an attempt to map the image perceived by the users, either frequent users, occasional users, or non-frequent users. The image projected by the users will depend on the experience degree and information each individual has. The method used here is descriptive analysis and reduction factor to obtain the dimensions of image in the respondents’ mind toward TransJakarta bus. The result shows five dimensions that construct the image, namely affective dimension (Eigenvalue = 5,488, or 26% of all variances), dimension of vehicle aspects (Eigenvalue = 1,794, or 8.5% of all variances), dimension of service characteristic (Eigenvalue = 1,635, or 7.8% of all variances), dimension of impact on the trip (Eigenvalue = 1,348, or 6.4% of all variances), and dimension of impact on the user/other people (Eigenvalue = 1,088, or 5.1% of all variances).
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Bruun, Eric, Duncan Allen, and Moshe Givoni. "CHOOSING THE RIGHT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SOLUTION BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPONENTS." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6157.
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Planners often focus on a specific mode too early in the design and selection process, especially on the choice between bus and rail technology. It may be that available Right of Way (RoW), alignment characteristics and other design features are more important. In this paper, we first identify the principal components central to performance of a particular role common to all major Public Transport (PT) investments. The primary aim is to offer a more mode-neutral alternative selection process that benefits from ex-post cost and performance information about a substantial number of actual PT systems broken down into these components to the extent that is possible. Less quantitative components and features, such as passenger experience, scalability, and implementability are then discussed for their role in increasing or diminishing the attractiveness of alternative candidate component packages in the desired range of the quantitative criteria. The results show that investment costs increase with the degree of separation of RoW, regardless of rail or bus technology, with rail having an additive “technology premium”. Higher Average Operating Speed (AOS) reduces investment in vehicles and the Operating and Maintenance (O&M) cost, regardless of technology. At low/moderate passenger traffic densities, Semirapid Bus modes have lower O&M costs than Semirapid Rail. At the highest densities, Rapid Rail and Regional Rail modes exhibit clear economies of scale. For mixed street running, rail-related components cause a far more expensive total investment on per unit of Productive Capacity (PC) basis. As the required PC increases, rail modes become consistently less expensive. The main conclusion is that in order to improve value-for-money of PT it is critical to develop innovative component technologies and construction techniques, which are not necessarily rail or bus specific.
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Nam, Kihwan, and Myungkeun Park. "IMPROVEMENT OF AN OPTIMAL BUS SCHEDULING MODEL BASED ON TRANSIT SMART CARD DATA IN SEOUL." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6045.
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This study was initiated with a goal of improving the bus scheduling model using the past data of “smart card”. Traffic congestion level of Seoul is keep aggravating and it also has negative influence on air pollution and our health. Additionally, this heavy traffic causes high congestion costs. The continuous quantitative growth of the public transportation system brings the necessity of its efficient operation system for its future qualitative growth. The improvement of operation system is necessary also to improve public transportation operation cost efficiency of Seoul. In other words, the systematic planning is necessary for maximizing passengers’ satisfaction level and the public transportation operation cost efficiency of Seoul. The current allocation interval of Seoul bus system is designed based on the empirical data of the past, which is incapable of immediate response to rapidly changing passenger demands. This research analyses passengers’ behaviour and makes a proposal for the traffic network operation by analysing the “traffic card (smart card) big data”, which comes from over 90% of the passengers so as to be flexible in dealing with rapid changes in demand.
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Hassan, Sitti Asmah, Intan Nurfauzirah Shafiqah Hamzani, Abd Ramzi Sabli, and Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor. "Bus Rapid Transit System Introduction in Johor Bahru: A Simulation-Based Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084437.
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Bus rapid transit (BRT) is one of the strategies to promote improvements in urban mobility. In this study, BRT scenarios, which integrate exclusive bus lanes and bus priority signal control in mixed traffic scenarios, were modelled using a VISSIM microsimulation. Three scenarios of BRT were modelled to represent 16:84, 38:62 and 54:46 modal splits between public transport and private vehicles. It was found that Scenario 4 (the 54:46 scenario) offers better benefits in terms of delay time saving and economic benefits. In general, it was found that the BRT system enhances the functioning of the transport system and provides people with faster and better mobility facilities, resulting in attractive social and economic benefits, especially on a higher modal split of public transport. It is regarded as one strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce dependency on private vehicles. The finding of this study provides an insight on the effective concept of the BRT system, which may promote the dissemination of an urban mobility solution in the city. The results can help policymakers and local authorities in the management of a transport network in order to ensure reliable and sustainable transport.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bus rapid transport"
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Laura, Messner. "Paratransit and Bus Rapid Transit Interaction Approaches and Corresponding Barriers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419917.
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Public transport in many Sub-Saharan African cities consists of paratransit, mini-to-medium-sized buses, which provide public transport and operate demand-driven and unscheduled. This form of public transport is often seen as less safe, less dependable, and environmentally unfriendly. One common intervention is the development of a Bus Rapid Transit system. A Bus Rapid Transit system is characterized by its bus-only lanes and offers a cheaper solution to rail transit systems. The development of such a BRT system changes the structure of the public transport system as BRT often takes over the areas in which paratransit previously operated. This leads to clashes between the stakeholders of the two modes of transport, which can threaten the success of the system as well as the livelihood of the paratransit workforce. This paper uses socio-technical transition theory, as well as stakeholder theory, to provide a clear picture of the entire land passenger mobility system. The focus of this thesis lies on firstly, analyzing the question why the development of BRT is favored over the optimization of paratransit. Secondly, it looks at different interaction approaches between the multi- regimes scheduled public transport (BRT) and paratransit, which can lead to a successful public transport system. Lastly, socio-technical barriers (political, technical, socio-cultural, and economic) are analyzed to understand which obstacles have to be overcome and what corresponding measures are. The results show that the development of Bus Rapid Transit is favored over the optimization of paratransit. Paratransit is seen as unsafe and unreliable, while Bus Rapid Transit offers an efficient, reliable, eco-friendly solution which also targets vulnerable groups. Out of the four different interaction approaches, competition between BRT and paratransit, a hybrid form between paratransit and BRT, the replacement of paratransit, and the prohibition of paratransit, the hybrid form is seen as most successful, as it allows both systems to contribute their strengths. Lastly, the actors involved in the socio-technical system, and socio-technical barriers and corresponding measures were analyzed. The biggest take-away when looking at the actors of the land passenger mobility system is that all stakeholders have to be involved, which includes paratransit drivers and people working on and off the vehicles. This paper has shown that when these stakeholders are not included, there might be resistance that might compromise the success of the BRT. The socio-technical barriers used were divided into economic, financial, infrastructural, and socio-cultural barriers. A successful paratransit / BRT interaction benefits from the move from a target system to a monthly salary for the paratransit driver. There should both be regulations and incentives so that paratransit acts as a reliable partner for the BRT system. It should be noted that a successful BRT / paratransit interaction cannot easily be replicated in another country without looking at the urban form preconditions. Bus Rapid Transit is a feasible solution for many Sub-Saharan cities. For an encompassing public transport system to be successful and to outcompete the car, it is necessary that all stakeholders work together and contribute with their strengths.
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Strydom, Mari. "Integrated rapid transport: is the city of Cape Town utilising its full potential? / M. Strydom." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4417.
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The spatial structure of Cape Town is characterised by segregated low density development patterns and urban sprawling. With a high population growth rate and urbanisation, these patterns are becoming more prominent. Due to the spatial nature of Cape Town, a large proportion of economic activities and employment opportunities are concentrated in patches across the city. In order to combat low-density sprawl and integrate spatially separated areas the key concept ?city densification? and the various elements thereof emerged. The segregated low density city structure, the concentrated nature of economic and employment opportunities along with an ever increasing population and inadequate public transport system resulted in issues such as long average travel lengths, low accessibility by poorer communities, greater use of private vehicles, and a sharp rise in traffic congestion. With the implementation of the Integrated Rapid Transport System (IRT), an initiative to transform the public transport sector to integrate all modal options, the opportunity is rendered to address these environmental, social and economical issues.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the City of Cape Town (CoCT) is utilising the full potential of the new Integrated Transport System currently being developed and implemented in Cape Town, namely the MyCiTi BRT System. It was determined that in terms of potential environmental benefits the CoCT, is utilising its full potential. Furthermore, although the potential social benefits were being utilised, the urgency of addressing social inequality is not reflected in the phased timeframe set out for the system. In terms of economic benefits, the options of using land-value add and environmental finance currently not sufficiently utilised and should be used to encourage a more sustainable public transport system.Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Campo, Carlos. "Bus rapid transit: theory and practice in the United States and abroad." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37089.
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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a relatively new mode with a wide range of applications that are still not well understood. Its explosive growth in developing and developed countries has increased its exposure but has led to mostly experimental implementation with mixed results. Therefore, better understanding about the reasons behind BRT implementation success and shortcomings is needed. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the state of BRT planning under different contexts by assessing how background theory and practical implementation of BRT systems compare. The scope is limited to current a detailed evaluation of 13 case studies in the United States, Canada, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador chosen to represent some of the most succesful and established systems in the world. Data was obtaiend from previous research as well as direct reporting from agencies. The evaluation is performed through qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods classify BRT systems by characteristics and assess the relationship between their implementation and performance using the criteria defined in the literature. Quantitative methods build upon the previous analysis to more precisely assess their performance from both the users' and the transit providers' perspectives. This research found that BRT as a public transit mode has a large room of improvement in terms of design and implementation, since there is a significant variability in performance under similar conditions and a considerable gap between planning best practices and implementation. Also, that planning guidelines are still in an early stage of development and difer in scope and application to a particular context. It also found that its success is not conscribed to developing countries, but that its wide range of applications need to be better adapted to the context they should serve. The findings are significant because they dispel myths about the real potential of BRT and partially identify the reasons behind successes and failures of current systems, such as understimation of implementation times and lack of knowledge about component integration. Further research should approach these issues mainly in two complementary directions. First, it should focus on expanding the case study approach to the newer systems in operation once better data is available. Second,it should further advance the development of theoretical framwork for better operational design based on urban form, as well as an evaluation framework that puts more emphasis on user experience and sustainability. Finally, the findings reinforce that BRT is a distinct mode so that systems that do not meet its criteria should not be named as such.
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Hugo, Jan Marais. "Switch a BRT terminal as change generator at Pretoria Main Station." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30291.
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The study responds to the increasing effect that climate change has on earth and society. In a global context of rapid urbanization and population growth the project aims to establish the role that architecture can play in the mitigation of climate change. It addresses the embodied energy and carbon footprint of architecture in an urban context. The architectural building type that will be investigated is a transport interchange, specifically the BRT terminal at Pretoria Main Station and associated prototypical BRT stations. An architectural response that promotes public transport use will be investigated. The proposed transport interchange will act as a seam to linking Salvokop with the city, while linking the whole of Tshwane. The architectural intervention will use strategies to respond to predicted climate changes for Tshwane, and adopt strategies to mitigate it. Architectural technologies will be investigated to ensure that the structure has a low carbon footprint and low embodied energy. Through energy conscious design strategies the energy use of the structure will be kept to a minimum. The design will also address the social and historical context of the Pretoria Main Station, to ensure a coherent transport interchange that integrates all modes of transport. The design will contribute to the historical character of the site with an ecosystemic layered approach, adding new functions and layers to the existing, to ensure its adaptability and sustainability. This study forms the part of a departmental research study through the department of Architecture at Pretoria University - “Environmental potential” and the United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] and Global Environment Facility [GEF]. It aims to comply with the prerequisites for an M[Prof]Arch degree while achieving the goals and objectives set by the research study.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
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Yuce, Elif Can. "An Assessment Of The Planning And Operational Performance Of The Bus Rapid Transit In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615683/index.pdf.
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In Turkey, the only city that currently operates BRT is Istanbul. There are researches that focus on different BRT systems in the world, yet there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the BRT experience in Istanbul. There seems to be an urgent need to study this BRT investment, with a particular focus on planning, operation and ridership characteristics with a comparative approach.
This thesis analyses the BRT corridor in Istanbul and answers the question whether Metrobüs in Istanbul is a success or not. In order to understand the criteria for defining success, planning, operation and ridership characteristics are identified based on the previous literature and particularly the analysis of three best practice cases that currently operate BRT
these are Curitiba, Bogota and Mexico City. The study sets the criteria in planning, operation and ridership of BRT systems drawn by previous studies and answers by people who were involved in these projects. It compares the best practice cases and the Istanbul Metrobü
s
focusing on planning and operation characteristics and using primary indicators of performance and ridership. The study reveals strength and weaknesses of the Istanbul Metrobü
s in comparison to best practice BRT cases in the world. The findings provide lessons both for the future extensions of the BRT in Istanbul and for other cities that may consider implementing this transit technology.
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Stojanovski, Todor. "Bus rapid transit (BRT) and transitoriented development (TOD) : How to transform and adjust the Swedish cities for attractive bus systems like BRT? What demands BRT?" Licentiate thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128526.
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Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an innovative bus system with sophisticated vehicles and inflexible busways integrated in the cities, high capacity and high quality, high speed and frequency, distinctive image and comfort. Many in Sweden believe that is impossible to introduce BRT, even though the Swedish towns and cities can benefit from the image, speed and frequency that BRT symbolizes. The archipelago-like urbanization, urban sprawl and the uncompetitive journey times of public transportation compared with the private car are identified as main obstacles. New questions emerged: Is it possible to transform and adjust the Swedish towns and cities for BRT? What demands BRT? How is transit-oriented development (TOD) applicable in a Swedish context as a policy to integrate cities and BRT? In this licentiate thesis I investigate the interrelationship between bus transportation and neighborhoods, between BRT and urban form as well as the possibilities to introduce busways and BRT, to trigger TOD and to transform the Swedish towns and cities for BRT. Much has been written about BRT, but seldom by architects or urban planners and designers. BRT and TOD are seen though urban form and processes of urbanization within a morphological tradition established by Kevin Lynch. BRT is represented by paths and nodes that disperse distinctive attractiveness pattern of desirability cores that shape neighborhoods as districts. TOD is about synchronizing the everyday urban life with public transportation systems. BRT-TOD is defined as a policy to recognize desirability cores spread by the different infrastructures of BRT and promote development of urban form within their attractiveness pattern at urban and regional scale. BRT-TOD is discussed as a concept of BRT metropolis in context of the urbanization of Swedish towns and cities. TOD is defined morphologically as public transport cities. A public transport city is a city that in its development adapted to specific public transportation systems. TOD is nothing new in Europe or Sweden. To find regularities of the effect of public transportation systems on cities I do a historical overview of the Swedish towns and cities. In the end the position of bus and BRT, public transport cities and TOD and possibilities of future urban transformation of the smaller and larger Swedish cities towards BRT metropolises are discussed in context of today’s “‘system’ of automobility” and widespread car society and the emerging knowledge society and its postmodern fringes of urbanization.QC 20130917
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Silva, Diego Mateus da. "Análise da variabilidade do tempo de viagem em sistemas Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127810.
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A confiabilidade e a variabilidade do tempo de viagem são importantes fatores na escolha modal dos passageiros em viagens urbanas. Cada vez mais os sistemas de transporte têm buscado, além da redução do tempo médio de viagem, garantir ao usuário maior precisão na previsão do tempo total gasto entre sua origem e seu destino, incluindo aí o tempo de espera, o tempo de viagem e, em alguns casos, o tempo de transferência. Com o incremento do uso do automóvel nas cidades e, consequentemente, o aumento nos índices de congestionamento, a solução adotada pelos planejadores tem sido a dedicação de faixas exclusivas para sistemas de transporte coletivo. É então que, a partir da experiência dos sistemas sobre trilhos aliada à flexibilidade permitida pelos sistemas sobre pneus, surgem os sistemas Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Esta dissertação contempla a análise da variabilidade do tempo de viagem em sistemas de faixas de prioridade para ônibus a partir do estudo de caso de três sistemas implantados em cidades brasileiras. Através da análise de dispersão dos tempos verificados para os dias úteis de uma semana padrão de operação, é avaliada a variabilidade por faixa horária em cada corredor abordado no estudo de caso. Os resultados apontam para um desvio-padrão por faixa horária entre 0,7% e 14,8% em relação ao tempo médio de viagem nos corredores analisados. A abordagem da variabilidade em corredores de faixas preferenciais para ônibus através do estudo de caso de três corredores Bus Rapid Service (BRS) apontou um coeficiente de variação entre 16,9% e 25,2%. Os resultados da análise comparativa apontam um desempenho superior dos sistemas BRT em relação a corredores BRS no tocante à confiabilidade do tempo de viagem em sistemas de ônibus.Reliability and travel time variability are key factors in modal choices for urban travel. Apart from reducing the average travel time, transport systems have tried to ensure that travelers could have a sharper prediction in time to be spent commuting including waiting time, journey time and in some cases the transference time. As cars have become more used in big cities, and thus increasing traffic jam, the solution found by planners have been lanes only for public transportation. Mixing the experience of rail systems with the flexibility allowed by road ones, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) were created. This study approaches the analysis of the travel time variability in priority systems for bus type BRT from the case study of three systems implemented in Brazilian cities. Through analysis of dispersion times observed for working days of a week standard operation, the variability per hour found in each corridor covered in the case study is evaluated. The results show an standard deviation by time band of 0.7% - 14.8% over the average travel time. The approach of the variability in corridors with preferential bus lanes through the case study of three corridors Bus Rapid Service (BRS) showed a coefficient of variation between 16.9% and 25.2%. Results indicate superior performance of BRT systems in relation to BRS corridors regarding the reliability of travel time by bus systems.
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Pereira, Brenda Medeiros. "Avaliação do desempenho de configurações físicas e operacionais de sistemas BRT." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28932.
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Na última década, o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) consolidou-se como uma alternativa para qualificar o transporte urbano sobre pneus. Porém, como os elementos de projeto propiciam muita flexibilidade no conceito BRT é necessário que os projetistas tenham pleno entendimento deste sistema tão complexo. Sistemas prioritários para ônibus tipo BRT são ainda projetados com base em técnicas de tentativa e erro e em experiências bem sucedidas. A literatura especializada relata os efeitos de diversos elementos físico e operacionais no desempenho de sistemas ônibus, mas, geral, estes são representados de forma isolada. Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito da combinação dos elementos no desempenho de um sistema BRT. Modelos computacionais permitem que os elementos que compõem as diferentes configurações dos sistemas BRT sejam testados de forma combinada e melhorias sejam sugeridas ainda em fase de planejamento. Esta dissertação contempla aplicações do software EMBARQ BRT Simulator em duas dimensões. A primeira demonstra o potencial de utilização da ferramenta de simulação através de dois estudos de caso onde foi testado o desempenho de corredores BRT em fase de projeto no Rio de Janeiro e Arequipa, Peru. Na segunda aplicação, 324 cenários estruturados através de um projeto de experimentos a partir de 6 diferentes elementos de projeto, foram simulados. Os resultados propiciaram o desenvolvimento de análises quantitativas e qualitativas. Através da análise qualitativa buscou-se um melhor entendimento da interação dos elementos de projeto. A análise quantitativa passou pela formulação de dois modelos de regressão que tem como variável de resposta a velocidade operacional do BRT. A pesquisa propiciou um melhor entendimento do impacto da combinação de elementos de projeto. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para reduzir o empirismo na formulação de novos projetos de BRT.In the last decade, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has established itself as an alternative to qualifying urban transit. However, as design elements provide much flexibility in the BRT concept, designers need to have full understanding of this so complex system. Bus priority systems for BRT are still being designed based on techniques of trial and error and successful experiences. The literature reports the effects of various physical and operational elements of bus systems that impact its performance, but in general these are represented isolated. Little is known about the effect of the combination of these elements in the performance of a BRT system. Computational models allow the assessment of the different configurations of BRT systems elements being tested in combination and suggest improvements at the planning stages. This study includes the application of the software EMBARQ BRT Simulator in two applications. The first demonstrates the potential of using simulation tools through two case studies where it was tested the performance of BRT corridors in the design phase in Rio de Janeiro and Arequipa, Peru. In the second application, 324 scenarios were simulated; they were created as a combination from six different design elements. The results led to the development of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through qualitative analysis it was possible a better understanding of the interaction of design elements. Quantitative analysis began by formulating two regression models whose dependent variable was the operating speed of BRT. The research provided a better understanding of the impact of the combination of design elements. It is hoped that the results contribute to reduce the empiricism in the formulation of new BRT projects.
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Oliveira, Patricia Pacheco Alves de. "Pragmatismo x significação : dilemas da implantação do sistema de bus rapid transit na Avenida Frei Serafim." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2018. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/108393.
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Previous issue date: 2018-08-31It addresses issues related to the integration of public transportation systems in Teresina-PI, with emphasis on the modification of the urban landscape of Frei Serafim Avenue as a consequence of the implementation of BRT terminals. The work provides a theoretical and technical basis on BRTs; presents information about the Avenue, including its origin, evolution and importance to Teresina; brings a semiotic analysis of the space of Avenida Frei Serafim; it summarizes the impacts caused by the implantation of BRTs on the road and shows how the implantation of this system can modify the landscape of a city and its relation with the population. It addresses, in summary, the dilemmas arising from the pragmatic implantation of BRT on the Avenue and the modification of the meanings of the road as a consequence of this implantation. It concludes that it is of great importance in planning of transport systems knowing the attributes of the urban landscape and the meanings of places, including those linked to the past. This is because the history of urban landscape provokes imagination and creation, offering efficient design paths, characterizing itself as an essential component in the spatial configuration of transport systems such as BRTs.
Aborda questões relacionadas à integração de sistemas de transportes públicos em Teresina-PI, com ênfase na modificação da paisagem urbana da avenida Frei Serafim, em consequência da implantação de terminais de BRTs. O trabalho traz uma base teórica e técnica sobre os BRTs; apresenta informações sobre a Avenida, incluindo sua origem, evolução e importância para Teresina; faz uma análise semiótica do espaço da Avenida Frei Serafim; elenca os impactos causados pela implantação de BRTs na via e mostra como a implantação desse sistema poderá modificar a paisagem de uma cidade e sua relação com a população. Aborda, em síntese, os dilemas decorrentes da implantação pragmática do BRT na Avenida e a modificação dos significados da via em consequência dessa implantação. Conclui que é de grande importância no planejamento de sistemas de transporte conhecer os atributos da paisagem urbana e os significados dos lugares, incluindo aqueles vinculados ao passado. Isso porque a história da paisagem urbana provoca a imaginação e a criação, oferecendo caminhos projetuais eficientes, caracterizando-se como componente essencial na configuração espacial de sistemas de transportes como os BRTs.
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Clara, Luís Pena Monteiro Faro. "O interface do Campo Grande." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12120.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.O presente trabalho investigatório e as propostas projectuais resultantes decorrem no âmbito do Projecto Final de Mestrado com o tema “A 2ª Circular: Entre Limite e Interface”. O enfoque principal deste tópico consiste na reconversão de infraestruturas pesadas de transporte fragmentadoras do meio urbano, nomeadamente do eixo arterial rodoviário da cidade de Lisboa, denominado por 2ª Circular, sob pretexto das recentes transformações ocorridas na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, visando a sua integração no tecido urbano envolvente e no modelo e estratégia de desenvolvimentoterritorialdo novo Plano Director Municipal de Lisboa.Colateralmente, o trabalho abordará a temática dos novos paradigmas desustentabilidadeurbana, no que respeita à mobilidade urbana sustentável,aprofundando a relação intrínseca entre transportes, uso do solo e desenho urbano, sob o conceito de “Transit-Oriented Development”. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de intervenção estratégica e projetual a múltiplas escalas inter-relacionadas, desde a metropolitana, passando pela municipal, terminando na local. Á medida que o detalhe aumenta, o mesmo aconteceao nível da proposta, resultando num projeto técnicodedetalhe dedesenho urbanoconcretopara a zonamultifuncionaldo Campo Grande, que se assume como o espaço âncora da intervenção. Apesar do detalhe se cingir apenas a este local espacialmente delimitado, devido à metodologia de trabalho escolhida a sua multifuncionalidade irá repercutir-se, no espaço e no tempo, por toda a Área Metropolitana de Lisboa.
ABSTRACT: This investigative effort and theresulting proposals arise within the Master’s final project reportregarding the theme “2ª Circular: between borderand interface”. The main focus of this topic is the reconversion of heavy transport infrastructuresthat fragment the urban environment,in particular a main road axis of Lisbon referred to as 2ª Circular, under pretense of the recent transformations in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, aiming for itsintegration in the surrounding urban fabricand in theterritorial development strategy of its new urban plan. Collaterally, it will address the new paradigms of urban sustainability, concerningsustainable urban mobility, deepening the intrinsic relationship between transport, land use and urban design, under the concept of“Transit-Oriented Development”. This work proposes a strategic and projetual intervention at multiple interrelated scales, from the metropolitan, through the municipal, ending in the localspace. As we detail increases, so does the level of the proposal, resulting in an urban design projectfor the multifunctional zone inCampo Grande, which is assumed as the anchor space of the intervention. Despite the detail is confined solely to this specific space,due to the methodology chosen its multifunctionality willhave repercussions, in space and time throughout the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.
Books on the topic "Bus rapid transport"
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Munoz, Juan Carlos, and Laurel Paget-Seekins, eds. Restructuring public transport through Bus Rapid Transit. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447326168.001.0001.
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Rizzo, Matteo. The New Face of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on DART, a Bus Rapid Transit project (BRT): the new face of public transport in Dar es Salaam since operations started in 2016. A PPP funded by the World Bank, DART aimed to transform public transport through large-scale infrastructural work and the introduction of new buses, phasing out daladala from the city’s main public transport routes. The chapter challenges the presentation of BRT as the ‘win–win’ solution to tackling the crisis of public transport in developing countries. A contextualized political economy of DART highlights why the project proceeded so slowly (implementation began in 2002), documenting the capacity of some Tanzanian actors to resist. Tensions over the displacement of existing paratransit operators by foreign investors, the inclusion of the existing public transport workforce, employment destruction, affordability of the new service, and their management by the government are a window into ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ and post-socialism in Tanzania.
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Rizzo, Matteo. Taken For A Ride. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.001.0001.
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The growth of cities and informal economies are two central manifestations of globalization in the developing world. Taken for a Ride addresses both, drawing on long-term fieldwork in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and charting its public transport system’s journey from public to private provision. The book investigates this shift alongside the increasing deregulation of the sector and the resulting chaotic modality of public transport. It reviews state attempts to regain control over public transport, the political motivations behind these, and their inability to address its problems. The analysis documents how informal wage relations prevailed in the sector, and how their salience explains many of the inefficiencies of public transport. The changing political attitude of workers towards employers and the state is investigated: from an initial incapacity to respond to exploitation, to political organization and unionization, which won workers concessions on labour rights. A longitudinal study of workers throws light on patterns of occupational mobility in the sector. The book ends with an analysis of the political and economic interests that shaped the introduction of Bus Rapid Transit in Dar es Salaam and local resistance to it. Taken for a Ride is an interdisciplinary political economy of public transport, exposing the limitations of market fundamentalist and postcolonial scholarship on economic informality and the urban experience in developing countries, and its failure to locate the agency of the urban poor within their economic and political structures. It is both a contribution to and a call for the contextualized study of ‘actually existing neoliberalism’.
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Lau, William K. M. Impacts of Aerosols on Climate and Weather in the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.590.
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Situated at the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic (HKHG) region is under the clear and present danger of climate change. Flash-flood, landslide, and debris flow caused by extreme precipitation, as well as rapidly melting glaciers, threaten the water resources and livelihood of more than 1.2 billion people living in the region. Rapid industrialization and increased populations in recent decades have resulted in severe atmospheric and environmental pollution in the region. Because of its unique topography and dense population, the HKHG is not only a major source of pollution aerosol emissions, but also a major receptor of large quantities of natural dust aerosols transported from the deserts of West Asia and the Middle East during the premonsoon and early monsoon season (April–June). The dust aerosols, combined with local emissions of light-absorbing aerosols, that is, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust, can (a) provide additional powerful heating to the atmosphere and (b) allow more sunlight to penetrate the snow layer by darkening the snow surface. Both effects will lead to accelerated melting of snowpack and glaciers in the HKHG region, amplifying the greenhouse warming effect. In addition, these light-absorbing aerosols can interact with monsoon winds and precipitation, affecting extreme precipitation events in the HKHG, as well as weather variability and climate change over the TP and the greater Asian monsoon region.
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Frew, Anthony. Air pollution. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0341.
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Any public debate about air pollution starts with the premise that air pollution cannot be good for you, so we should have less of it. However, it is much more difficult to determine how much is dangerous, and even more difficult to decide how much we are willing to pay for improvements in measured air pollution. Recent UK estimates suggest that fine particulate pollution causes about 6500 deaths per year, although it is not clear how many years of life are lost as a result. Some deaths may just be brought forward by a few days or weeks, while others may be truly premature. Globally, household pollution from cooking fuels may cause up to two million premature deaths per year in the developing world. The hazards of black smoke air pollution have been known since antiquity. The first descriptions of deaths caused by air pollution are those recorded after the eruption of Vesuvius in ad 79. In modern times, the infamous smogs of the early twentieth century in Belgium and London were clearly shown to trigger deaths in people with chronic bronchitis and heart disease. In mechanistic terms, black smoke and sulphur dioxide generated from industrial processes and domestic coal burning cause airway inflammation, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and consequent heart failure. Epidemiological analysis has confirmed that the deaths included both those who were likely to have died soon anyway and those who might well have survived for months or years if the pollution event had not occurred. Clean air legislation has dramatically reduced the levels of these traditional pollutants in the West, although these pollutants are still important in China, and smoke from solid cooking fuel continues to take a heavy toll amongst women in less developed parts of the world. New forms of air pollution have emerged, principally due to the increase in motor vehicle traffic since the 1950s. The combination of fine particulates and ground-level ozone causes ‘summer smogs’ which intensify over cities during summer periods of high barometric pressure. In Los Angeles and Mexico City, ozone concentrations commonly reach levels which are associated with adverse respiratory effects in normal and asthmatic subjects. Ozone directly affects the airways, causing reduced inspiratory capacity. This effect is more marked in patients with asthma and is clinically important, since epidemiological studies have found linear associations between ozone concentrations and admission rates for asthma and related respiratory diseases. Ozone induces an acute neutrophilic inflammatory response in both human and animal airways, together with release of chemokines (e.g. interleukin 8 and growth-related oncogene-alpha). Nitrogen oxides have less direct effect on human airways, but they increase the response to allergen challenge in patients with atopic asthma. Nitrogen oxide exposure also increases the risk of becoming ill after exposure to influenza. Alveolar macrophages are less able to inactivate influenza viruses and this leads to an increased probability of infection after experimental exposure to influenza. In the last two decades, major concerns have been raised about the effects of fine particulates. An association between fine particulate levels and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity was first reported in 1993 and has since been confirmed in several other countries. Globally, about 90% of airborne particles are formed naturally, from sea spray, dust storms, volcanoes, and burning grass and forests. Human activity accounts for about 10% of aerosols (in terms of mass). This comes from transport, power stations, and various industrial processes. Diesel exhaust is the principal source of fine particulate pollution in Europe, while sea spray is the principal source in California, and agricultural activity is a major contributor in inland areas of the US. Dust storms are important sources in the Sahara, the Middle East, and parts of China. The mechanism of adverse health effects remains unclear but, unlike the case for ozone and nitrogen oxides, there is no safe threshold for the health effects of particulates. Since the 1990s, tax measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions have led to a rapid rise in the proportion of new cars with diesel engines. In the UK, this rose from 4% in 1990 to one-third of new cars in 2004 while, in France, over half of new vehicles have diesel engines. Diesel exhaust particles may increase the risk of sensitization to airborne allergens and cause airways inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Extensive epidemiological work has confirmed that there is an association between increased exposure to environmental fine particulates and death from cardiovascular causes. Various mechanisms have been proposed: cardiac rhythm disturbance seems the most likely at present. It has also been proposed that high numbers of ultrafine particles may cause alveolar inflammation which then exacerbates preexisting cardiac and pulmonary disease. In support of this hypothesis, the metal content of ultrafine particles induces oxidative stress when alveolar macrophages are exposed to particles in vitro. While this is a plausible mechanism, in epidemiological studies it is difficult to separate the effects of ultrafine particles from those of other traffic-related pollutants.
Book chapters on the topic "Bus rapid transport"
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Hensher, David A., Corinne Mulley, and Zheng Li. "High Quality Public Transport: Gaining Acceptance of Bus Rapid Transit Systems." In Handbook of Sustainable Travel, 257–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7034-8_17.
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Wijaya, Suryani Eka, and Muhammad Imran. "Policy Tensions in Transport Planning." In Moving the Masses: Bus-Rapid Transit (BRT) Policies in Low Income Asian Cities, 155–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2938-8_6.
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Wijaya, Suryani Eka, and Muhammad Imran. "Transport Planning and Policies in Indonesia." In Moving the Masses: Bus-Rapid Transit (BRT) Policies in Low Income Asian Cities, 51–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2938-8_3.
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Wijaya, Suryani Eka, and Muhammad Imran. "Transport Policies and Planning in Bandung." In Moving the Masses: Bus-Rapid Transit (BRT) Policies in Low Income Asian Cities, 75–113. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2938-8_4.
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Wijaya, Suryani Eka, and Muhammad Imran. "Transport Policies and Planning in Surabaya." In Moving the Masses: Bus-Rapid Transit (BRT) Policies in Low Income Asian Cities, 115–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2938-8_5.
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Wijaya, Suryani Eka, and Muhammad Imran. "Complexities of Urban Transport in Low-Income Asian Cities." In Moving the Masses: Bus-Rapid Transit (BRT) Policies in Low Income Asian Cities, 1–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2938-8_1.
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Müller, Jan Marco. "Bus Rapid Transit: The Answer to Transport Problems in Megacities? The Example of TransMilenio (Bogotá, Colombia)." In Megacities, 179–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3417-5_13.
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Hensher, David A. "Performance contributors of bus rapid transit systems within the ITDP BRT standard." In Bus Transport, 201–8. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820132-9.00017-0.
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Hensher, David A. "Review of bus rapid transit and branded bus service performance in Australia." In Bus Transport, 209–19. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820132-9.00018-2.
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Hensher, David A. "Cultural contrasts of preferences for bus rapid transit and light rail transit." In Bus Transport, 235–53. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820132-9.00020-0.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bus rapid transport"
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LAMBAS, MARÍA EUGENIA LÓPEZ, NADIA GIUFFRIDA, MATTEO IGNACCOLO, and GIUSEPPE INTURRI. "COMPARISON BETWEEN BUS RAPID TRANSIT AND LIGHT-RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS: A MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS APPROACH." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut170131.
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Desta, Robel, Tewodros Dubale, and János Tóth. "Transit Performance Evaluation at Signalized Intersections of Bus Rapid Transit Corridors." In 7th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010474506180625.
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Ramgopal, Iyer Abhiram, and P. V. Manivannan. "Development of multi-sensor data fusion technique for the automated Bus Rapid Transport System." In 2016 International Conference on Robotics: Current Trends and Future Challenges (RCTFC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rctfc.2016.7893409.
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Primatama, Mega. "Tipping points on transport and behaviour: Examining Bus Rapid Transit system in Jakarta, Indonesia." In International Conference of Communication Science Research (ICCSR 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccsr-18.2018.12.
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Anwar, Ayesha, Leng Hong, and Afir Zubair Raja. "Effect of transport infrstructure in changing urban form of a historical city: a case study of Lahore." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nwep5068.
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Urban development and transportation are interrelated as transportation networks help in shaping the urban form along with supporting the social, cultural, and economic growth of the city similarly transportation infrastructure is also shaped by the city dynamics. Lahore Metro Bus Service (MBS) is Pakistan’s first rapid mass transit project on Ferozepur road with 27 Kilometers long track and 27 bus stations. It is now an integral part of the Lahore so its implications for the urban fabric need to be studied urgently to fully utilize transit service and to strengthen mobility and emerging economies. According to results, (MBS) has improved the accessibility to basic needs and services but the peculiar character of this historical city is ignored due to poor design. The government needs to bring transport agencies, stakeholders, and people together for joint development policy to enhance revenue, ridership and to move towards Transit Oriented Development (TOD).
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Cap, Constant. "The Importance of Participation and Inclusion in African Urbanization. A focused look at Transport and Housing Projects." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dmcz6151.
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According to the World Bank (2015) Africa’s urbanization rate has surpassed other parts of the world. It is believed that by 2030, over 50% of Africans will reside in Urban Centres. Kenya is among the African counties that has experienced a tremendous increase in her urban population. This is most visible in the capital, the primate city of Nairobi. The growth has led to increased pressure on basic needs like housing, transport, water, education and security. Coupled with unequal economic development and social benefits, the result has been the tremendous expansion of informal sectors across fields. To respond to some of this pressure, the central government has vowed initiate large projects in housing, transport, water and others (Republic of Kenya, 2018). Newly enacted legislation also provides for the establishment of multi-sectoral urban boards to oversee the delivery of some services. Among the major projects coming up include Affordable Housing schemes and Mass Rapid Transport investments such as Bus Rapid Transit and expanded commuter rail systems. However, experience from the past both in Nairobi and other Cities has taught us the importance of inclusion, empathy and participation in such projects. Recent times have shown that public projects tend to ignore these and other key elements leading to massive failure of investment. The paper investigates case studies from similar projects in other parts of Africa, Bus Rapid Transit Projects in Lagos, Dar es Salaam and South African Cities; past Slum Upgrading and Housing Projects in Nairobi and other parts of the continent. The research methods also involve data collection on inclusion and participation from those who are affected directly by these proposed projects as well as the impacts that previous projects have had. The results from the study show that without proper communication and participation there are several misunderstandings on liveable spaces in cities. These include misinterpretations of the challenge’s citizens face, on the intentions of proposed solutions as well as the socioeconomic decision-making process of citizens. The implication of this leaves an unhealthy competition between existing informal ‘structures’ in various sectors against the new government driven proposals. The results are that those meant to benefit end up not being the primary beneficiaries. In conclusion, the role of putting people primarily as the centre objective of planning remains critical and key. For African planners, diverting from this will increase the existing inequalities and lead to further social divisions.
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Ramirez, Angel D., Danilo Arcentales, and Andrea Boero. "Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through the Shift From Fossil Fuels to Electricity in the Mass Transport System in Guayaquil, Ecuador." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87732.
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Climate change is a serious threat to sustainability. Anthropogenic climate change is due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere beyond natural levels. Anthropogenic GHG emissions are mostly associated with carbon-dioxide (CO2) originated in the combustion of fossil fuels used for heat, power, and transportation. Globally, transportation contributes to 14% of the global GHG emissions. The transport sector is one of the main contributors to the greenhouse gas emissions of Ecuador. In Guayaquil, the road mass transportation system comprises regular buses and the bus rapid transit (BRT) system. Electricity in Ecuador is mostly derived from hydropower, hence incurs relatively low GHG emissions along its life cycle. Therefore, electrification of transport has been seen as an opportunity for mitigation of GHG emissions. In this study, the effect of partial replacement of the bus rapid system fleet is investigated. Feeders have been chosen as the replacement target in five different scenarios. GHG emissions from diesel-based feeders have been calculated using the GREET Fleet Footprint Calculator tool. The GHG emissions associated with the electricity used for transportation is calculated using the life cycle inventory of the electricity generation system of Ecuador. Three energy mix scenarios are used for this purpose. The 2012 mix which had 61% hydropower; the mix of 85% hydropower and the marginal electricity scenario, which supposed the extreme case when the new demand for electricity occurs during peak demand periods. Results indicate that mitigation of GHG emissions is possible for almost all scenarios of percentage fleet replacement and all mix scenarios. Electric buses efficiency and the carbon intensity of the electricity mix are critical for GHG mitigation.
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Vennelakanti, Ravigopal, Malarvizhi Sankaranarayanasamy, Ramyar Saeedi, Rahul Vishwakarma, Prasun Singh, Jian Sun, Yushi Akiyama, and Hisao Adachi. "Multimodal Mobility Framework: Towards Seamless Mobility Experience." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58377.
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Abstract Mobility is no longer just a necessity for travelers, but choices among several possible routes and transportation modes. Urban passenger rail transport plays an essential role because it is affordable, convenient, safe, and fast. On the other hand, rail lines are limited to high passenger density corridors. Inevitably, rail has to be placed together with different transport modes, forming a multimodal network. However, to enable this integration with other modes of transport, numerous practical problems remain, such as making a smooth transition from the existing siloed, mode specific operational structure towards an interconnected system of transportation modes and business models for a seamless connected journey. The current isolated operational structure lacks a single truth and accurate visibility, which further discourages participation from augmenting transportation modes and leads to the extended reaction time for new technology integration. This research article introduces a Multimodal Mobility (MMM) solution framework that provides a functional interface to integrate and synchronize the railroad operations with other public transit networks (including train-bus-rapid transits) and micro-mobility services. The known approach to addressing the users’ seamless mobility experience entails a centralized, prearranged, a priori knowledge and mechanism for operating intermodal transport systems. In contrast, the method defined in this paper focuses on a market-driven demand-responsive system that allows for dis-intermediation in a network of peer-level transportation modes operations. The framework facilitates blockchain-based decentralized and multi-organizational engagement. The focus here is the role of railroad in the multimodal ecosystem and its performance advancements in this integrated solutions framework. Leveraging a combination of graph analytics and machine learning algorithms, we provide methods to address challenges in encoding spatial and temporal dependencies of multimodal transit networks and handle complex optimization problems such as mixed time window and volume variation for resource allocation and transit operational analytics. This enables operation of different transit modes with varied resolution and flexibility for operational parameters like time, capacity, ridership, revenue management, etc. The analytics enable solutions for recommendations on synchronizing and integrating operations of transportation systems. Further, the network’s decentralization and modular handling enable market-driven co-optimization of operational resources across various transportation modes to ensure seamless transit experience for users.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "Monorail Technology Review - a Medium Capacity Transit Solution for Space Constrained Urban Environments - a Technical and Operational Review." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58382.
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Abstract The growing mobility demand on large and medium world’s cities has been continually pressing transport authorities and urban planners to provide transit solutions with the required capacity, reliability & service level, safety and affordability. Matching all these requirements in a dense and constrained urban environment has not been an easy task, as the higher capacity solutions (i.e. rapid rail transit - RRT) often face technical (alignment constraints) and/or funding issues, while lower capacity solutions (both light rail transit - LRT and Bus Rapid Transit - BRT) generally face capacity and reliability constraints. While the former — generally underground — might counteract alignment and public utilities infrastructure incompatibilities, the latter often faces space (traffic interference), reliability and environmental constraints, that ultimately results in a constrained capacity and an unsatisfying service level. Monorail technology is a transport system whose vehicles run on or suspended from a single track or beam, which is usually on an elevated and segregated structure. This technology was initially utilized to provide passenger transportation solutions for amusement parks and convention centers, but has now become a mature medium capacity transit solution for high density areas in cities around the world. Given its aerial concept, generally running above or bellow linear beams and, hence, above the ground, its structure is generally supported on vertical columns (poles), spaced up to 30 m (98.4 ft) along its alignment, requiring a reduced right of way (RoW), compared to conventional alternatives, which ultimately enables it to be fit in the median strip between the opposite lanes in the road system. Moreover, given the monorail’s technology vertical (grade) and horizontal (curve radius) alignment flexibility, it is able to provide medium capacity & high service level transit solutions, with a reduced land expropriation requirement, compared to the traditional transit solutions. Furthermore, its segregated right of way, associated with a driverless approach, makes feasible the use of smaller headways, with an inherent operational flexibility, in terms of capacity and service level, with lower operational costs. Monorail operational features — generally running on rubber tires in contact with concrete or steel structures — provide a smooth and externally silent ride, for both passengers and the neighborhood. Moreover, the lighter vehicles allow the possibility of both a lighter support infrastructure and an improved energy performance. Finally, different from the bulky and noisy elevated rail structures, the monorail’s elevated structure is thin and light, which ultimately avoids the well known shadow effect, allowing an aesthetic friendly (or less intrusive) structure, to cope with the urban environment. This work presents an overview of the monorail technology, with a review of its technical and operational features, based on the current available technical literature, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of this promising technology for transit applications. The work also presents case studies, reporting some of the well known and successful monorail projects implemented around the world.
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Lei, Zhiheng, and Bakhtier Farouk. "Convection and Transport in a Differentially Heated Enclosure Filled With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Short- and Long-Time Solutions." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68390.
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Supercritical fluids are characterized by high densities, high thermal conductivities (compared to gases) and low viscosities, but low thermal diffusivities (compared to liquids). Due to the high compressibility, thermally induced acoustic waves are generated when supercritical fluids are heated/cooled along any bounding surface. In this study, we obtain both short- and long-time solutions for convective flows in a supercritical carbon dioxide filled enclosure. The NIST database 12 [1] is used to obtain the property relations for supercritical carbon dioxide. The generation and propagation of themoacoustic waves produced immediately after rapid heating of a wall are investigated by solving the fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations with an accurate equation of state, via a high-order explicit numerical scheme. For longer time solutions, when the acoustic waves damp out, an implicit solution algorithm is used to simulate the heat transfer in the above enclosure filled with supercritical carbon dioxide for longer periods time. This novel scheme allows us to investigate convective flows in an enclosure filled with supercritical fluid in a comprehensive manner.
Reports on the topic "Bus rapid transport"
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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.
Full textAbstract:
The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.