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Sammy Boya, Kgaugelo. "Bus rapid transit projects involving the South African government and small operators (as SMMEs): is bus rapid transit a blue or red ocean strategy?" Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(1-1).2016.10.
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Transport forms the heartbeat of the economy, not only in South Africa but also globally. Over time the South African government has invested a great deal of resources in transport projects such as taxi recapitalization rail technology as well as bus rapid transit (BRT). The BRT project has been a point of discussion in terms of the value which it can bring to key stakeholders, particularly to commuters and the country’s economy at large. BRT is basically an urban public bus transport strategy which seeks to alleviate congestion, mostly in the Metropolitan areas. In this paper the significance of the BRT strategy is highlighted as this may guide future public transport project investment. As a strategic move, the decision for government to roll out BRT is evaluated in terms of blue ocean strategy (BOS) principles and red ocean strategy (ROS) elements. BOS strategy suggests that an organization operates in its own created market space where competition is rendered irrelevant, whereas with ROS organization relies on having a competitive edge in order to outsmart its rivals. The preliminary findings suggest that there are some elements of both BOS principles and ROS that are relevant to BRT projects. BRT is seen as a useful public transport investment particularly for countries with developing economies elements such as South Africa. However, stakeholder buy-in and cooperation should be promoted to preserve the strategic and social gains brought about by BRT and other integrated public transport projects
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Wright, Lloyd. "Bus Rapid Transit: A Public Transport Renaissance." Built Environment 36, no. 3 (October 13, 2010): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.36.3.269.
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Tu, Wen Yuan, Ji Hui Ma, Wei Guan, and Xin Jie Chen. "The Study of Bus Transit Network Design Methods for Different Sized Cities." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5624.
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With the rapid development of the national economy, the construction of China’s urban transportation is in the stage of rapid development. Both big cities and small-medium cities increasingly appear all kinds of issues such as traffic congestion. Priority to the development of public transport is the most effective way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, and urban bus transit network design is the first step in the planning of the public transport system, plays a vital role in the transportation system planning. Bus transit network generally consisted of rail transit, bus rapid transit and conventional bus in big cities, while it composed of conventional bus in small-medium cities. Therefore, this paper made research on the applicability of bus transit network design methods for different sized cities, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and explored a more excellent method for bus transit network design.
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Wang, Dou Wei, Xiao Ning Zhu, and Hong Yang Wu. "Integration of Public Transport and Bus Rapid Transit System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1860.
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Along with the acceleration of city-urbanization and industrialization process of the cities, city traffic demand increases rapidly. This provides a good development opportunity for the urban traffic and also brings new challenges for the urban traffic at the same time. In addition, the demands for the public transport service quality are becoming more and more strictly for the growth of residents’ travel and the improvement of life quality, the problems in the public transport system have become the main aspects that restrict the development of the urban public transport system. So the advantages of BRT in the optimization of the network are becoming more and more significant.
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Wu, Jiaqing, Rui Song, Youan Wang, Feng Chen, and Shubin Li. "Modeling the Coordinated Operation between Bus Rapid Transit and Bus." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709389.
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The coordination between bus rapid transit (BRT) and feeder bus service is helpful in improving the operational efficiency and service level of urban public transport system. Therefore, a coordinated operation model of BRT and bus is intended to develop in this paper. The total costs are formulated and optimized by genetic algorithm. Moreover, the skip-stop BRT operation is considered when building the coordinated operation model. A case of the existing bus network in Beijing is studied, the proposed coordinated operation model of BRT and bus is applied, and the optimized headway and costs are obtained. The results show that the coordinated operation model could effectively decrease the total costs of the transit system and the transfer time of passengers. The results also suggest that the coordination between the skip-stop BRT and bus during peak hour is more effective than non-coordination operation.
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Warman, Andri, Muhammad Iqbal Firdaus, and Aisyah Rahmawati. "The Perceived Image of TransJakarta Bus Rapid Transit." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 2, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v2i1.128.
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Public transport services provided by Bus Rapid Transit TransJakarta has been launched by the local government of DKI Jakarta as a mass and rapid transport mode that can attract the users of personal vehicle to use this mode of transport. Although the passengers are increasing, but the condition has not reached the optimum level yet. This study is done as an attempt to map the image perceived by the users, either frequent users, occasional users, or non-frequent users. The image projected by the users will depend on the experience degree and information each individual has. The method used here is descriptive analysis and reduction factor to obtain the dimensions of image in the respondents’ mind toward TransJakarta bus. The result shows five dimensions that construct the image, namely affective dimension (Eigenvalue = 5,488, or 26% of all variances), dimension of vehicle aspects (Eigenvalue = 1,794, or 8.5% of all variances), dimension of service characteristic (Eigenvalue = 1,635, or 7.8% of all variances), dimension of impact on the trip (Eigenvalue = 1,348, or 6.4% of all variances), and dimension of impact on the user/other people (Eigenvalue = 1,088, or 5.1% of all variances).
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Warman, Andri, Muhammad Iqbal Firdaus, and Aisyah Rahmawati. "THE PERCEIVED IMAGE OF TRANSJAKARTA BUS RAPID TRANSIT." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v2i1.151.
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Public transport services provided by Bus Rapid Transit TransJakarta has been launched by the local government of DKI Jakarta as a mass and rapid transport mode that can attract the users of personal vehicle to use this mode of transport. Although the passengers are increasing, but the condition has not reached the optimum level yet. This study is done as an attempt to map the image perceived by the users, either frequent users, occasional users, or non-frequent users. The image projected by the users will depend on the experience degree and information each individual has. The method used here is descriptive analysis and reduction factor to obtain the dimensions of image in the respondents’ mind toward TransJakarta bus. The result shows five dimensions that construct the image, namely affective dimension (Eigenvalue = 5,488, or 26% of all variances), dimension of vehicle aspects (Eigenvalue = 1,794, or 8.5% of all variances), dimension of service characteristic (Eigenvalue = 1,635, or 7.8% of all variances), dimension of impact on the trip (Eigenvalue = 1,348, or 6.4% of all variances), and dimension of impact on the user/other people (Eigenvalue = 1,088, or 5.1% of all variances).
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Bruun, Eric, Duncan Allen, and Moshe Givoni. "CHOOSING THE RIGHT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SOLUTION BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPONENTS." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6157.
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Planners often focus on a specific mode too early in the design and selection process, especially on the choice between bus and rail technology. It may be that available Right of Way (RoW), alignment characteristics and other design features are more important. In this paper, we first identify the principal components central to performance of a particular role common to all major Public Transport (PT) investments. The primary aim is to offer a more mode-neutral alternative selection process that benefits from ex-post cost and performance information about a substantial number of actual PT systems broken down into these components to the extent that is possible. Less quantitative components and features, such as passenger experience, scalability, and implementability are then discussed for their role in increasing or diminishing the attractiveness of alternative candidate component packages in the desired range of the quantitative criteria. The results show that investment costs increase with the degree of separation of RoW, regardless of rail or bus technology, with rail having an additive “technology premium”. Higher Average Operating Speed (AOS) reduces investment in vehicles and the Operating and Maintenance (O&M) cost, regardless of technology. At low/moderate passenger traffic densities, Semirapid Bus modes have lower O&M costs than Semirapid Rail. At the highest densities, Rapid Rail and Regional Rail modes exhibit clear economies of scale. For mixed street running, rail-related components cause a far more expensive total investment on per unit of Productive Capacity (PC) basis. As the required PC increases, rail modes become consistently less expensive. The main conclusion is that in order to improve value-for-money of PT it is critical to develop innovative component technologies and construction techniques, which are not necessarily rail or bus specific.
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Nam, Kihwan, and Myungkeun Park. "IMPROVEMENT OF AN OPTIMAL BUS SCHEDULING MODEL BASED ON TRANSIT SMART CARD DATA IN SEOUL." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6045.
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This study was initiated with a goal of improving the bus scheduling model using the past data of “smart card”. Traffic congestion level of Seoul is keep aggravating and it also has negative influence on air pollution and our health. Additionally, this heavy traffic causes high congestion costs. The continuous quantitative growth of the public transportation system brings the necessity of its efficient operation system for its future qualitative growth. The improvement of operation system is necessary also to improve public transportation operation cost efficiency of Seoul. In other words, the systematic planning is necessary for maximizing passengers’ satisfaction level and the public transportation operation cost efficiency of Seoul. The current allocation interval of Seoul bus system is designed based on the empirical data of the past, which is incapable of immediate response to rapidly changing passenger demands. This research analyses passengers’ behaviour and makes a proposal for the traffic network operation by analysing the “traffic card (smart card) big data”, which comes from over 90% of the passengers so as to be flexible in dealing with rapid changes in demand.
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Hassan, Sitti Asmah, Intan Nurfauzirah Shafiqah Hamzani, Abd Ramzi Sabli, and Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor. "Bus Rapid Transit System Introduction in Johor Bahru: A Simulation-Based Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084437.
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Bus rapid transit (BRT) is one of the strategies to promote improvements in urban mobility. In this study, BRT scenarios, which integrate exclusive bus lanes and bus priority signal control in mixed traffic scenarios, were modelled using a VISSIM microsimulation. Three scenarios of BRT were modelled to represent 16:84, 38:62 and 54:46 modal splits between public transport and private vehicles. It was found that Scenario 4 (the 54:46 scenario) offers better benefits in terms of delay time saving and economic benefits. In general, it was found that the BRT system enhances the functioning of the transport system and provides people with faster and better mobility facilities, resulting in attractive social and economic benefits, especially on a higher modal split of public transport. It is regarded as one strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce dependency on private vehicles. The finding of this study provides an insight on the effective concept of the BRT system, which may promote the dissemination of an urban mobility solution in the city. The results can help policymakers and local authorities in the management of a transport network in order to ensure reliable and sustainable transport.
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Kassens-Noor, Eva, Christopher Gaffney, Joe Messina, and Eric Phillips. "Olympic Transport Legacies: Rio de Janeiro’s Bus Rapid Transit System." Journal of Planning Education and Research 38, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16683228.
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Since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) selected Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Olympic Games, large-scale transportation infrastructures have been transforming the city. We examine the transportation planning process and consequences of implementation in the run-up to the 2016 Olympic Games by triangulating qualitative and quantitative methods. We argue that because of the low cost, speed of implementation, best-practice knowledge, existing political coalitions, ease of land acquisition, and flexibility in planning, BRTs emerged as the dominant Olympic transport solution. We find that the transport planning process has undermined the public interest and placed the burdens of implementation disproportionally on the urban poor.
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Can Cengiz, Elif. "Bus rapid transit: An environmental friendly transport solution for istanbul." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/tdi-v1-n1-54-62.
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Jagiełło, Aleksander. "The role of the Bus Rapid Transit in public transport." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_02_01.
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The article familiarizes the reader with the concept of Bus Rapid Transit systems as a type of transport that combines the advantages of conventional buses, tramways and urban rail transit systems. For this purpose, the genesis of the idea of BRT systems was presented and the system functioning in Curitiba, considered to be the progenitor of the concept, was described. In the second part, the advantages and disadvantages of BRT systems as compared with other means of urban transport were described and differences between BRT subtypes, including BRT Lite, Heavy and Full BRT were presented. The final part of the article was devoted to illustrating the process of expansion of BRT systems around the world and the development of these systems in selected countries.
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McDonnell, Simon, Susana Ferreira, and Frank Convery. "Using Bus Rapid Transit to Mitigate Emissions of CO2from Transport." Transport Reviews 28, no. 6 (November 2008): 735–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441640802012920.
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Hermawan, Dedy, and Simon Sumanjoyo. "BUS RAPID TRANSIT POLICY IN MUNICIPAL CITY OF BANDAR LAMPUNG." Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik 10, no. 2 (May 20, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sp.v10i2.1262.
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<p>The aim of the research is to describe and discess the policy cycle of Bus Rapid Transit, the polemic in the policy of bus rapid transit, and the involvement of the stakeholder and their role in bus rapid transpit policy in Bandar Lampung. This research uses post positivistic paradigm with the approach of qualitative descriptive research method. This research resulted as: firstly, the bus rapid transit is an derivative regulation of Act No. 22 2009 regarding Traffic and Road Transport, aimed to reduce traffic jam in Bandar Lampung city. Secondly, the policy of bus rapid transit was arranged stage-by-stage with a full iniative from the Municipal goverement of Bandar Lampung, collaborated with the leading sector from Transportation Bureau of Bandar Lampung, involving PT Trans Bandar Lampung as the management in charge. Thirdly, there was a polemic of bus rapid transit policy regarding the monopoly of route of people transportation by the bus rapid transit, special treatment to bus rapid transit which don’t pay bus station retribution which is unfair, and there was some illegal fees on the employee in PT Trans .Bandar Lampung. Fourthly, the of bus rapid transit involves many stakeholders, such as Ministry of Transportatio of The Republic of Indonesia, |Transportation Bureau of Bandar Lampung City, The Regional Representatives Council of Bandar Lampung, Road Transportation Organization of Bandar Lampung, PT. Trans Bandar Lampung, Perum DAMRI Bandar Lampung, Lampung Region of Indonesia Transportation Society, Communication Forum of Public Car Transportation Bandar Lampung, CV. Devis Jaya, and also Indonesian Police and Civil Servant Security Forces.</p><p> </p><p>Keyword: Public policy, Transportation, Bus Rapid Transit</p>
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Ernst, John P. "Initiating Bus Rapid Transit in Jakarta, Indonesia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1903, no. 1 (January 2005): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190300103.
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On February 1, 2004, a 12.9-km (8-mi) bus rapid transit (BRT) line began revenue operation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The BRT line has incorporated most of the characteristics of BRT systems. The line was implemented in only 9 months at a cost of less than US$1 million/km ($1.6 million/mi). Two additional lines are scheduled to begin operation in 2005 and triple the size of the BRT. While design shortcomings for the road surface and terminals have impaired performance of the system, public reaction has been positive. Travel time over the whole corridor has been reduced by 59 min at peak hour. Average ridership is about 49,000/day at a flat fare of 30 cents. Furthermore, 20% of BRT riders have switched from private motorized modes, and private bus operators have been supportive of expanding Jakarta's BRT. Immediate improvements are needed in the areas of fiscal handling of revenues and reconfiguring of other bus routes. The TransJakarta BRT is reducing transport emissions for Jakarta and providing an alternative to congested streets. The BRT provides a tangible vision for an effective, viable, and sustainable public transportation system in Jakarta and elsewhere.
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Sheth, Anal, and Debasis Sarkar. "Socio-Economic Feasibility Analysis for Sustainable Mass Rapid Transit Project in Western India." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2020.25.2.5.
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Sustainable public transport systems may be achieved by adopting electric bus locomotion. The problem being addressed by this research is the development and case application of a computation methodology of the social benefit cost ratio of an electric bus transport project in India and identification of whether it can significantly favour the situation of environment friendly transport. The underlying theory behind this approach is if the environmental and social dimensions of an infrastructure project are considered in addition to the financial dimensions for the purpose of project appraisal, a holistic evaluation can be achieved and such an evaluation can give an edge to the approval of environmentally friendly projects. The evaluation has been performed using the present worth analysis of various types of benefits and costs associated with the implementation of the electric bus rapid transit system in a city. The variables considered in the researched methodology are benefits which are revenue, savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC), environmental benefits, savings in travel time, reduction in accidents and non-consumption of fossil fuel, and costs which are infrastructure investment costs, cost of the bus fleet, maintenance cost, replacement costs, cost of system operation and maintenance and additional electric power generation. The outcome as indicated by the value of the social benefit-cost ratio (SBCR) illustrates that such projects can be positively justified from point of view of the benefits gained by the society as well as fruitful returns and value addition of infrastructure investment in the long run. The research contributes by validating that social benefit-cost analysis (SBCA) can be used for the evaluation of sustainable transport system appraisals in order to make their realisation more favourable.
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Xia, Xiao Mei, and Xiao Dan Ma. "Evaluation Index System of Urban Rail and Bus Transfer Integration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.809.
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Integration is not only the main content of development of urban passenger transport system, but also the urgent need to raise the level of public transport services and enhance the attractiveness of public transport. Thus coordination of urban rail transit and conventional bus transit systems is an inherent requirement of implementation of public transport priority development strategy. In the context of rapid development of rail transit in domestic cities, after summarizing the theory and practice of integration of urban rail and conventional bus transit, this paper analyzed the meanings and levels as well as the evaluation method of coordination between urban rail system and conventional bus system. On the basis of analysis, the evaluation indexes of coordination between urban rail system and bus system from institutional, technological and economic views are defined. After that, an evaluation index system of integration level of urban rail network and conventional bus network was set up.
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Zhu, Yu Jing. "3B Rapid Transit: Yangzhou’s Ecology-Based Urban Development Research." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.36.
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The paper considers the development and utilization of the Yangzhou’s Canal is not enough, the city's achievements in building a far cry from the once glorious, now can not meet the future transport planning has been far from development. This paper then made twenty creative pattern language to develop the city's green transport, including the characteristics of canal traffic and the bike and bus rapid transit system as the city's main mode of transport, to create a set of Boats, Buses, Bikes (3B Rapid Transit) in one of the three healthy, environmentally friendly urban transport network, reshaping the image of the city, another city of glory.
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He, Ai Xia. "Study on Development Pattern of Public Transportation in Fuzhou City." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1621.
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According to statistical data of Fuzhou City, using Delphi method and weight method, we established decision matrix of urban public transportation development mode and estimated the urban public transportation development mode. The result show that bus rapid transit system is the optimal public transportation mode for Fuzhou city, followed by conventional public transport system, then, for light rail system. And that bus rapid transit system matching with urban passenger transportation is good in Fuzhou city
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Pearce, T., D. A. C. Maunder, T. C. Mbara, D. M. Babu, and T. Rwebangira. "Bus Accidents in India, Nepal, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1726, no. 1 (January 2000): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1726-03.
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Countries of the developing world are characterized by rapid urbanization, high growth rates of traffic and congestion, and decreasing regulation of public transport. Because the majority of the developing world’s inhabitants depend on public transport services for their mobility needs, safe, effective, and efficient public transport is essential to ensure adequate and affordable accessibility and the sustainable development of livelihoods in the rural and urban sectors. The operational environment of the public transport sector in Nepal, India, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe is examined, as well as the extent of accidents involving public transport vehicles and the likely causes. Finally, recommendations are made to reduce both the severity and the number of public transport accidents.
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K.R.RAJANDIRAN. "Pilgrims Perception Towards Small Bus Services In Chennai City." GIS Business 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.17725.
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With the introduction of the Bus Rapid Transport system in India, existing public transport organizations, particularly minibus will have to adapt to the changes or else they will inevitably fail. In general, public transport organizations are being forced to move from a traditionally operations-driven orientation to a more market- driven orientation, which means that they need to improve their service quality. In light of the aforementioned, this paper explores the theory of service quality with special emphasis on the dimensions of transport service quality, namely, reliability assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness.
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Shah, Syyed Adnan Raheel, Monib Shahzad, Naveed Ahmad, Abdullah Zamad, Sabahat Hussan, Muhammad Asif Aslam, Ahsan Rehman Khan, Muhammad Abdullah Asif, Gullnaz Shahzadi, and Muhammad Waseem. "Performance Evaluation of Bus Rapid Transit System: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Approaches for Energy Efficient Eco-Friendly Public Transport System." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061377.
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The development of the bus rapid transit system (BRTS) is tremendously growing in developing countries of the world. In large cities, the projection of transportation intends to enhance economic growth and changes the image of the city for both residents and outsiders. The purpose of this research was to study the application of alternative options for energy efficient BRTS in developing countries. The BRTS has some of its accessibility patterns that relate to the socio-economic strata. A decision-making efficiency analysis methodology has been applied to analyze the comparative analysis of both conventional fuel and hybrid bus systems for the Multan city of Pakistan. The section-wise application of a hybrid energy-based bus system has been analyzed in comparison to the conventional bus system. Out of 21 stations, the efficiency-wise hybrid bus system remained superior or equivalent to the standard value of 1 except one midpoint section. The finding of the analysis indicates that the hybrid mechanism of buses can not only replace a conventional fuel-based system, but will also help as an energy-efficient and eco-friendly economical solution. This study will help to revolutionize the bus rapid transit system in developing countries.
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Pahs, Matthew, Mark Rohden, David Hampsten, Seth Gallant, and Robert Bertini. "Door-to-Door Mobility: Evaluating a Bus Rapid Transit Community Transport Concept." Journal of Public Transportation 5, no. 2 (June 2002): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.5.2.7.
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Singer, Matan E. "Restructuring public transport through bus rapid transit: An international and interdisciplinary perspective." Transport Reviews 39, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2018.1467981.
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Zakeri, Sajjad, and Abdoul-Ahad Choupani. "Operational Evaluation of a Throughabout to Give Priority to Public Transport at Standard Roundabouts." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (September 7, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1840040.
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The presence of roundabouts in the central business districts (CBD) of cities can reduce the travel speed of bus rapid transit (BRT) along the radial routes. A throughabout is an unconventional and low-cost design in which the central island is split to provide exclusive lanes for major traffic streams. Although the operation of throughabout has been limitedly investigated for private transport, it has been less considered by designers for public transport and for increasing the speed of the BRT system. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of throughabouts on private and public transports and to compare the design with standard roundabouts and conventional intersections. The calibrated and validated results of the microsimulation tool (AIMSUN) indicated that the throughabout improved the travel time of both public and private transports through better use of the space and kept the traffic flowing at all volume levels. The travel speed of the BRT in the throughabout was remarkably stable in both signal-controlled and unsignalized intersections. The standard roundabout was the second-best design. The throughabout can be very helpful in corridors along which the demand for the bus transit is high and the system needs to receive priority.
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Basu, Abhishek, Bharathi Raja, Rony Gracious, and Lelitha Vanajakshi. "DYNAMIC TRIP PLANNER FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM." Transport 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12477.
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This paper reports the development of a public transport trip planner to help the urban traveller in planning and preparing for his commute using public transportation in the city. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach that handles real-time Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data from buses of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) in Chennai City (India) has been used to develop the planner. The GA has been shown to provide good solutions within the problem’s computation time constraints. The developed trip planner has been implemented for static network data first and subsequently extended to use real-time data. The “walk mode” and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) have also been included in the geospatial database to extend the route-planner’s capabilities. The algorithm has subsequently been segmented to speed up the prediction process. In addition, a temporal cache has also been introduced during implementation, to handle multiple queries generated simultaneously. The results showed that there is promise for scalability and citywide implementation for the proposed real-time route-planner. The uncertainty and poor service quality perceived with public transport bus services in India could potentially be mitigated by further developments in the route-planner introduced in this paper.
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Dianawati, Erni, Putri Previa Yanti, and Yulia Suryandari. "Klustering Jumlah Penumpang pada Halte Bus Rapid Transit Kota Tangerang." Jurnal Sistem Cerdas 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37396/jsc.v2i3.34.
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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Tangerang is a local public transportation system developed in the main corridor of the Tangerang City area as well as a feeder for Transjabodetabek and rail transport. BRT Trans Tangerang is one part of the Bus Rapid Transit program which is implemented and launched by Department of Transportation. The BRT Trans Tangerang system began operating at the beginning of December 2016. Some problems faced by Trans Tangerang Bus Rapid Transit such as the number of passengers that need to be increased to reduce congestion in the city of Tangerang and the placement of the right bus stops to attract passengers. Therefore, to overcome this problem, data and information about BRT Trans Tangerang are needed to find patterns of passenger distribution. The process of finding this information can be done by using data mining method. Within this method, there is a clustering technique which is useful to clustering all data in groups which have similar data. The algorithm used to classify the data is called simple k-means algorithm. In this study, all the data will be clustered into five cluster. The clustering results have almost the same nature between the data in one cluster, namely the total number of passengers per month, so that by performing clustering characteristics, knowledge of the busy schedule of passengers in one day can help related parties to anticipate the density of passengers on certain days.
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Noviyanti, Noviyanti. "Kinerja Pelayanan Angkutan Bus Transjakarta Korioor Pulo Gadung-Harmoni." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 22, no. 9 (September 30, 2010): 878–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v22i9.1127.
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The Jakarta administration hopes the communihJ who currently use private vehicles as a means oftransportation will turn to the Trans Jakarta Bus as a means of transportation. It is felt not east),comfort becomes the main reason people who do not want to turn to this rrwde of transportation.Corridor 2 with Pulogadung route-Harrrwny is a rorridor with a very dense number of (JllSsengers.The position of the stop which is at Pulogadung termi.nal, and must come together with bus and othervehicles that serve the transportation lxJth within and outside the dty certai.nly un1l reduce the comfortof this transport service user. Related to the above, need to be evaluated against the performance.of service providers-Wm) bus transportation in this corridor.Keywords: Bus Way, Stop, Bus Rapid Transit
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Bogumil, Veniamin Nikolayevich, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kudryavcev, and María José Duque-Sarango. "Analysis of the implementation of telematic tools for data management of passenger traffic dynamics in the Bus Rapid Transit system." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, no. 49 (August 7, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n49.2018.8547.
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This article briefly describes the transport system of the Republic of Ecuador and, in particular, the organization of the route network of urban passenger transport in Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. The features of the organization and management of transportation of passengers on the main routes of urban passenger transport of Quito are determined by the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. We revise possible ways of improving the management and control of urban passenger transport in Quito by using telematics tools and systems. We propose that the main direction of improvement is to introduce tools for assessing the dynamics of passenger traffic in real time through the use of telematics. In comparison with traditional systems, the peculiarity of the approach proposed is the use of telematics equipment and special sensors for calculating the number of incoming/outgoing passengers from the vehicle, which are installed directly in the doors of the pavilions of the bus stops of the BRT system routes. The goal of this approach is to reduce the cost of telematics equipment and normalize the occupancy inside transport vehicles, which is one of the service level indicators.
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Gadziński, Jędrzej, and Radosław Bul. "Planning new public transport line based on accessibility criteria." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_04_01.
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The changing role of public transport in Polish cities and contemporary urbanisation processes can be recognized as the most important reasons for the rapid development of bus and tram networks in last years. It seems that a key factor which could attract new passengers is the improvement in the level of accessibility. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to present a methodology based on the accessibility measures, which could help in the planning of the public transport networks in urban areas. Świerczewo district in the southern part of Poznań was adopted as an research area. Conducted analyses showed that the proposed method could help in the selection of an optimal bus line and stops location. The conclusion is that such an objective approach should be taken into account when the decisions on the future of public transport networks will be made.
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Beim, Michał. "The liberalization of the long-distance bus transport in Germany: from competitive market to monopoly." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 21, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.099.
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The Federal Republic of Germany is one of the last member states of the European Union that have liberalized the market of the longdistance buses (interurban buses). Since 1935 until the end of 2012 the access to the market was strictly regulated. Bus companies were allowed only when the bus transport does not threaten the position of railways, and it was only a supplement. The beginning of 2013 lifted most of the restrictions. It has started a dynamic growth of the market. The long-distance buses have changed significantly the urban transport policy as well as have boosted the intermodal competition in the segment of long-distance transport. In the German cities have appeared significant traffic generators, and space of bus terminals turned to be insufficient. Coaches, despite legal restrictions, have become part of the regional transport systems. The unaccustomed to competition national railway carrier – Deutsche Bahn – was forced to find a new position in the market. The answer was to increase the number of promotional tickets. At the same time at the bus market has begun the processes of concentration. The dominant company acquired more than 90 percent of the market. The rapid development of the long-distance buses caused the questions about the extension of a present of motorways toll for lorries also for buses. From the perspective of six years, the liberalization of the bus market to be considered, however, as having a positive impact on transport policy. Most of the passengers using interurban buses used to use private cars, not the railways, as originally feared.
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Chi, Li, and Li Lei. "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Development Status of Urban Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1930.
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Under the situation of economic development and traffic congestion in Chinese city, public transport has become an inevitable developmental trend. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has gained more and more attention for its fast speed, low investment, high safety. In current there are a dozen cities opening BRT in China. Although they achieve certain effect, some problems emerge. BRT development level in three cities was analyzed by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. In these three cities, the proportion of BRT intersection signal priority is low and passengers’ average travel time is long. BRT in China is still in its infancy. Technology and management needs to be strengthened and public awareness of bus priority needs to be improved.
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Zhao, Kun, and Chenxing Lai. "Research and Design of Special Airport Ferry." World Journal of Social Science Research 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): p353. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v6n3p353.
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With the rapid development of China’s air transport industry, the airport shuttle bus has become an indispensable part of the airport special vehicles. At present, disabled passengers in civil aviation airports have difficulty in getting on and off the shuttle bus, therefore, this design takes this as a starting point to design an airport ferry with special functions to assist disabled passengers boarding and disembarking functions and to improve the service level of airport barrier-free facilities while solving problems.
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Fowdur, Sudhir C., and Soonil D. D. V. Rughooputh. "Evaluation of Congestion Relief Proposals in a Capital City." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/420195.
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This paper aims at analyzing three different solutions suggested for traffic congestion relief in Port Louis, the busiest city of Mauritius. It evaluates the impact of the three alternatives which are the use of Light Rail Transit (LRT) as an alternative mode of transport, the construction of a Ring road around Port Louis, and the upgrading of the current bus network into a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. The impact of these three solutions has been evaluated by performing Traffic Cellular Automata (TCA) simulations. Our studies reveal that the Ring road will lead to more congestion while introducing the LRT or upgrading the current bus network will reduce congestion significantly.
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Jamalul Shamsudin, N. L., M. F. Abdul Khanan, H. A. Umar, S. N. Atan, and A. H. M. Din. "INTEGRATING NETWORK CONCEPT INTO MULTI CRITERIA ANALYSIS FOR SUGGESTING BUS RAPID TRANSIT ROUTES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-309-2019.
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Abstract. Population explosion in the city of Johor Bahru has led to traffic congestions, which hitherto to that there were better movements and flow of vehicles in and around the city. Road transportation in particular has played a gargantuan role in creating and maintaining easy and quick access to various destinations. Increases in the number of vehicle indicate a higher economic prosperity that contributes to traffic congestion within the city. This can be seen in a number of developments such as increased population density and creation of alternative routes over several years, which has still not totally eradicated the traffic congestion problems of the city. Ideally, a good public transport service would carry the passenger directly from their origin to their destination without having to face traffic congestion. The buses may not be available and accessible from certain origins or destinations of residents or they may need to walk some distances from their residents to the bus stops resulting into discouragement for most of the people using public transport services. This paper aims to utilise geospatial analysis approach to suggest effective bus routing that would be able to increase connectivity to rural areas and boost commercial activities through better transportation. Route selection is the process of finding locations that meet the selection criteria for each parameter using Geographic Information System (GIS). The process employs applied multi-criteria decision analysis and network analysis to generate thpsye highest score areas for bus rapid transit (BRT) route by maximising network and mobility and ensuring the newly suggested routes are connected to the existing networks of BRT to serve the community.
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Trubia, Salvatore, Alessandro Severino, Salvatore Curto, Fabio Arena, and Giovanni Pau. "On BRT Spread around the World: Analysis of Some Particular Cities." Infrastructures 5, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5100088.
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The goal of civil engineering has always been the research and implementation of methods, technologies, and infrastructures to improve the community’s quality of life. One of the branches of civil engineering that has the strongest effect on progress is transport. The quality of transport has a profound economic and social impact on our communities regarding trade (freight transport) and city livability (public transport systems). However, innovation is not the only way to improve the features above-mentioned, especially public transport, considering that it is usually beneficial to enhance and repurpose vehicles with appropriate adjustments to offer more efficient services. Other perspectives that influence public transport systems are the costs and times of design and construction, maintenance, operating costs, and environmental impact, especially concerning CO2 emissions. Considering these issues, among the various types of existing public transport systems, those of the so-called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) offer worthwhile results. The BRT system is a type of public road transport operated by bus on reserved lanes, and it is significantly profitable, especially from an economic point of view, in areas where there are existing bus routes. Nonetheless, for the construction of works minimization, it is closely linked to other features that improve its usefulness, depending on the vehicles’ quality such as capacity, but above all, the propulsion or driving autonomy that would guarantee high efficiency. This paper introduces an analysis of some BRT systems operating worldwide, presenting the background, general technical features, and the correlation with autonomous vehicles.
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Chesnokova, Svetlana. "TRANSPORT IN INDONESIA." Eastern Analytics, no. 3 (2020): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2020-03-179-189.
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Indonesia’s transport system was formed largely based on the economic resource base of the archipelago, which consists of more than 17,800 Islands, on which the country is located. The Indonesian Central government’s spending on transport has increased significantly in recent years. This allowed the country to expand its transport network and improve access to remote areas of the archipelago. Maritime navigation provides a link between different parts of the country. On some Islands, where there are no good roads, the main transport connection is via large rivers. The most important direction of the country’s transport policy is the development of high-speed cargo and passenger sea connections with the most remote and inaccessible regions of the country, primarily with the Eastern part of Indonesia. A variety of vehicles are used on the roads of Indonesia. Bus routes are laid in all areas that have access to the road network. Since 2004, the TransJakarta rapid bus system has been operating in the country. Most of Indonesia’s Railways are located in Java and are used for both passenger and freight transport. In March 2019, the Jakarta metro started operating. Indonesia’s air transport is the most important means of communication between thousands of Islands throughout the archipelago and other countries. Many residents of the country have switched from land and sea transport to faster and more comfortable air transportation. Indonesia, like other countries, was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Further development of transport depends on how quickly the country recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic and how effectively the authorities deal with its consequences.
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Zuraida, Rida. "Tingkat Kelelahan Pengemudi Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) Jakarta Berdasarkan Swedish Occupational Fatigue Index (SOFI)." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v6i2.2267.
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Fatigue is a common situation experienced by everyone, but until now a simple measuring tools universally accepted is not exist. Fatigue measurement instrument most widely used is an instrument-based questionnaire. This study used the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Index (SOFI) as one of the instrument to measure BRT driver’s fatigue. The aim is to evaluate physical mental, and shift work fatigue and provide an overview of fatigue levels experienced by the driver BRT on two different shifts. Hopefully it can be used for driver fatigue management by a company. The study was conducted for two different shifts (morning and afternoon), with a total participants are 30 drivers. Results showed that motivation level of shift 2-driver is lower after they finish their work compared to shift1-driver. In shift 1, generally available time to rest,socializing and hanging out with family is longer than available time for shift 2-driver. Perception of loss of energy after work is also higher in shift 2 compared to shift 1, especially the perception of feeling exhausted. Similar results were obtained in the physical aspect and the physical exertion and physical discomfort. Therefore we can conclude the work shift has affected fatigue level experienced by the driver's BRT, and shift rotation is suggested to help the driver to recuperate.
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Jakimavičius, Marius, Marija Burinskienė, Modesta Gusarovienė, and Askoldas Podviezko. "Assessing multiple criteria for rapid bus routes in the public transport system in Vilnius." Public Transport 8, no. 3 (December 2016): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-016-0146-7.
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Lu, Ssu-Hsuan, and Yu-Wei Chan. "A Prediction System Using a P2P Overlay Network for a Bus Arrival System." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/792029.
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Along with the evolution of times and the surge of metropolitan populations, government agencies often promote the construction of public transport. Unlike rail transportation or rapid transit systems, it is often difficult to estimate the vehicle arrival times at each station in a bus transportation system due to metropolitan transportation congestion. Traffic status is often monitored using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, WSNs are always separated from one another spatially. Recent studies have considered the connection of multiple sensor networks. This study considers a combination view of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks and WSN architecture to predict bus arrival times. Each bus station, which is also a P2P overlay peer, is connected in a P2P overlay network. A sensor installed in each bus can receive data via peers to obtain the moving speed of a bus. Then, each peer can exchange its data to predict bus arrival times at bus stations. This method can considerably increase the accuracy with which bus arrival times can be predicted and can provide traffic status with high precision. Furthermore, these data can also be used to plan new bus routes according to the information gathered.
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Carmona Rojas, Madisson Yojan. "Prácticas espaciales en el transporte público de la Avenida Insurgentes de la Ciudad de México / Space practices in public transport of the Insurgentes Avenue of Mexico City." Caderno de Geografia 27, no. 51 (October 11, 2017): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2017v27n51p656.
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<p>El modelo de transporte púbico BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) llega a la ciudad de México en el año 2005, impulsado por un importante grupo de organizaciones privadas dedicadas a promocionar su decidido papel en la transformación de la movilidad cotidiana de las principales ciudades de América Latina. En este artículo se toman como base los operadores espaciales (estaciones de abordaje, sistema de cobro y acceso sistematizado, carriles confinados y automatización en los tiempos de circulación) sobre los cuales se diseña e implementa el Metrobús, para analizar los cambios en la normatividad de transporte y vialidad y las prácticas de movilidad cotidiana de los usuarios de este sistema. Además, este texto se propone leer este modelo de transporte público como resultado de una tendencia a la sobrerregulación y extrema vigilancia de las prácticas de uso y apropiación del espacio urbano.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Palabras Clave: </strong>BRT (Autobuses de Tránsito Rápido), operadores espaciales, prácticas espaciales, espacio urbano. </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) public transportation model arrives in Mexico City in 2005, driven by an important group of private organizations dedicated to promoting its decisive role in transforming the daily mobility of the main cities of Latin America. In this article, the space operators (boarding stations, system of collection and systematized access, confined lanes and automation in the times of circulation) are taken as base, on which Metrobús is designed and implemented, to analyze the changes in the normativity of Transport and road and the daily mobility practices of the users of this system. In addition, this text intends to read this model of public transport as a result of a tendency to overregulation and extreme vigilance of the practices of use and appropriation of urban space.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Key Words: </strong>BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), space operators, space practices, urban space. </p>
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Schipper, Lee, and Lew Fulton. "Making Urban Transit Systems Sustainable Around the World: Many Birds with One Bus?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1791, no. 1 (January 2002): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1791-07.
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Urban transport in most cities around the world is developing in an unsustainable fashion, as reflected by rapid growth in traffic congestion and air pollution driven by individual motorization. Strengthened bus systems, built on rapid bus corridors, and improved bus technologies could play an important role in putting cities on a more sustainable path. Results and some of the main messages are presented from a recent study at the International Energy Agency, Paris, which has assessed the situation in a number of the largest cities in the developing world, while also drawing on experience from several cities in the developed world. A principal finding is that buses tend to carry a large share of travelers but contribute only a small part of total traffic and pollution. Also, although bus ridership is declining in many cities, new types of bus systems are emerging that offer the potential to reverse these trends and have done so in several cities (e.g., Curitiba, Brazil, and Bogota, Columbia). Advanced bus propulsion systems, that is, fuel cell and hybrid buses running on a variety of fuels, could eventually provide substantial relief from busrelated pollution problems. However, in developing countries, spending scarce funds for cleaning up the emissions from present technologies, along with developing improved bus systems that enhance traffic flow, would provide far more relief in the near-term than spending on a few advanced technology buses. Both paths must be followed, but the latter must not obscure the former. Conditions necessary for bus systems to prosper are discussed and, in conclusion, recent promising developments are highlighted.
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Gumbo, Trynos, and Thembani Moyo. "Exploring the Interoperability of Public Transport Systems for Sustainable Mobility in Developing Cities: Lessons from Johannesburg Metropolitan City, South Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155875.
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There have been growing concerns with regards to the state public transportation systems, particularly in the cities of developing countries. Chief among these concerns has been the lack of well-coordinated, efficient, and reliable transportation systems. The city of Johannesburg, just like any other fast-growing municipality in developing and emerging economies, has not been spared with regards to incessant public transport challenges. Consequently, there have been collective efforts from both public and private stakeholders to invest immensely in both innovative rail and road transport systems in the past decade. This article sought to achieve twin objectives. First, the work identified the state of connectivity between the rapid rail transportation and rapid bus transit systems based on Geoweb 2.0 data. Second, the work visualized the level of connectivity between these two modes to develop and formulate policy frameworks in integrating public transit systems in cities of the developing world, learning from the metropolitan city of Johannesburg. A mixed-method approach consisting of spatial and quantitative aspects was used to examine the state of connectedness and the promotion of access and mobility between the two modes. The local Moran’s I index was used to compute node clusters within the public transport system. Results from the analysis demonstrated that both high-clusters and low-clusters exist in the public transportation network, which have a high degree of centrality. It was revealed that commuters navigate from these nodes/stops with relative ease due to the short walking radius. However, the work revealed that most rail networks and bus routes, as well as the stations and bus stops, are not connected and are not significant in the local Moran’s I index, thus, making it difficult for commuters to conveniently move from the Gautrain to the Rea Vaya bus. There are, therefore, gaps with regards to the sharing of infrastructure between the two public transport modes and systems.
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Izadi, Amir. "Accident Analysis of Bus Rapid Transit System: Before and after construction." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 79, ET.2020 (September 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.79.9.
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Among the various transportation systems, public transportation, especially Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), has a significant role in urban transport and has the mission of transfer of passengers and reducing travel time. In addition to these advantages, the weak and non-standard design and implementation of BRT lines result in an escalation of accidents and inefficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influential factors of the severity of BRT lines accidents before and after their construction. For this purpose, the accident data of Rasht BRT line 1 over the years of 2016 (before the construction of the BRT), 2017 and 2018 (after the construction of the BRT) have been analysed. The results showed that the construction of BRT has brought about 36 and 43 per cent reduction of accidents in 2017 and 2018, respectively, in comparison with 2016, and has given rise to the emergence of new accidents, such as collision with separator fence.
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Lan, Hui Na, Lin Wang, and Yong Li Tian. "The Optimal Design Project about Bus Station Spacing in the City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.845.
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Urban public transport is the main means of urban resident trip. With the rapid development of national economy, the city size is expanding, and the urban population is becoming larger and larger. However, the development of urban transportation doesnt keep up the pace of development of socio-economic. Traffic jam has become a problem to be urgent solved to some cities. This article selects No.23 bus line in Huaian as studying object, analyzes characteristics of resident trip in Huaian, By referencing the minimum total system cost model, which aims at minimizing the total passenger travel time costs and operating costs, to optimize station distance of No.23 bus line, so can improve bus running efficiency, meet the travel needs of residents better.
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Bajracharya, Ashim, and Sudha Shrestha. "Assessing the Role of Modal Shift in Minimizing Transport Energy Consumption, a Case Study of Kathmandu Valley." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.31999.
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With rapid growing economies and population, there is an increasing trend of expansion of urban sprawl and auto-mobilization, in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley. With the rise in travel demand, transport energy is becoming a major concern for planners and policymakers. This paper aims to study the transport energy of daily trips that constitute work and educational trips, in context of the Kathmandu Valley. The study demonstrates the applicability of a 4-step travel demand model for the assessment of energy-saving measures in urban transport system by formulating scenarios. The results show that currently, daily trips consume 3666 TJ annually. Cars and motorcycles contribute to most of the consumption, accounting for over 80% of the total transport energy. As a mitigation measure to reduce transport energy, the introduction of the efficient public transport system in the form of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) along major corridors, could bring down transport energy consumption significantly. The paper concludes with the essence, to address the need for modal shift to the mass transit system, as a step towards the minimization of transport energy.
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Joseph, Lucy, An Neven, Karel Martens, Opportuna Kweka, Geert Wets, and Davy Janssens. "Activity Participation and Perceptions on Informal Public Transport and Bus Rapid Transit in Dar es Salaam." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 10, 2020): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120948058.
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This paper seeks to understand participation in out-of-home activities by inhabitants in Dar es Salaam, and their perceptions toward informal public transport (IPT) and bus rapid transit (BRT) in supporting these activities. Without fixed schedules, IPT (e.g., minibuses, motorcycles, and tricycles) is used as a means of transport for different trips. However, IPT is burdened by poor roads, traffic congestion, and high transport demand. Many developing cities are seeking to replace IPT with formal BRT lines. However, little is known in relation to the ability of IPT and BRT to support out-of-home activity participation of the inhabitants. This paper reports on a study in Dar es Salaam exploring the relative contribution of each type of service. The study took place before the opening of BRT, and encompasses focus group discussions, participatory geographical information systems, and questionnaires carried out in two study zones: one close to a BRT corridor and the other in a peri-urban location. The findings show that IPT was used to support participation in daily activities like work, education, shopping, and social matters; and was perceived to be flexible in providing access to both high and low density unplanned settlements. The BRT was viewed to benefit specific groups of people, especially individuals working in permanent offices in and around the city center, particularly professional workers. This paper sheds light on how the two systems were perceived by the local people and can inform policy makers about possible improvements in public transport systems to support activity participation of their inhabitants.
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Rodriguez, Camila, Tatiana Peralta-Quirós, Luis A. Guzman, and Sebastian A. Cárdenas Reyes. "Accessibility, Affordability, and Addressing Informal Services in Bus Reform: Lessons from Bogotá, Colombia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2634, no. 1 (January 2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2634-06.
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Many cities in the developing world are reforming transit by formalizing bus services to capture user and nonuser benefits. A forerunner in transit reform, the city of Bogotá, Colombia, first implemented the TransMilenio bus rapid transit (BRT) system and then more recently undertook a large-scale initiative to formalize and regulate traditional urban buses in the city. This integrated public transport system [Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público (SITP)] is transforming Bogotá’s traditional urban bus system into a regulated, concessionary system with restructured bus routes that integrates operations, fares, and infrastructure with the TransMilenio BRT. An investigation was conducted to determine whether the SITP has increased affordability and employment accessibility for public transit users in Bogotá. Results revealed that most accessibility improvements resulted from the recent expansion (and significantly higher speeds) of TransMilenio rather than the SITP. Results of an analysis conducted with budget constraints to determine affordable accessibility indicated that employment accessibility was reduced overall; however, the new integrated fare increased accessibility over traditional buses, especially on the periphery and in southern areas of the city, as a result of reduced transfer costs. Overall, results partly explain the lack of enthusiasm for the bus reform process on the part of public transit users and the political discomfort that becomes apparent when embarking on this process in developing-world cities. Also, more incremental, flexible reform might be crafted for public transportation systems that are dominated by informal services.
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Oommen, Thomas, and Ryan Christopher Sequeira. "The politics of infrastructural aesthetics: a case of Delhi’s Bus Rapid Transit corridor." International Development Planning Review ahead-of-print (August 1, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2020.21.
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This paper studies how transportation infrastructure projects are dependent on making aesthetic arguments through form, space and experience. It does this through a discourse analysis of the media coverage of the Delhi Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridor. Tracing the planning history of the BRT, it explores how it was construed as ineffective, expensive and dangerous. Deconstructing the BRT discourse, the authors make two propositions about the politics of transport infrastructure; its truth claims must be aesthetic arguments, and transformational agendas must be coupled with a distinctive aesthetic. The paper concludes by suggesting that a renewed and situated understanding of aesthetics is critical for urban practitioners, especially in the global South.