Academic literature on the topic 'Bus terminals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bus terminals"
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Krisantinus, Y., U. Siahaan, and S. Simatupang. "Bus terminal planning with the TOD approach for Jakarta, case study Kampung Rambutan bus terminal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012019.
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Abstract Travel convenience needs to be supported by the existence of cheap, fast and comfortable public transportation. Jakarta as a Metropolitan City pays close attention to this and plans to improve all existing bus terminals and make them well and planned connected to all existing transportation networks. The transportation network integration system with community facility centers is known as “Transit Oriented Development” or TOD. One of the bus terminals included in this program is the Kampung Rambutan Bus Terminal, which is deemed unsuitable for use. The irregularity of the flow of passengers, the flow of private vehicles gives the impression of chaos and slum in this bus terminal. The position of this bus terminal is considered very strategic and important, because this bus terminal is a transit for passengers near and far. In principle, the TOD approach is a technique of connecting the transportation mode from the station or terminal to the surrounding buildings or areas. For example, commercial areas, offices and residences, are also connected via outdoor and indoor pedestrian paths that are open to the public and direct through to stations or terminals available in the area. Smooth travel and good network connectivity, this will also support the terminal environment maintenance issues. These two approach topics will be the theme of the new Kampung Rambutan bus terminal design.
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Wardhana, Anfasa Teguh, Jawas Dwijo Putro, and Muhammad Ridha Alhamdani. "REDESAIN TERMINAL BIS KEDAMIN." JMARS: Jurnal Mosaik Arsitektur 9, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jmars.v9i1.45110.
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Transportation is the activity of moving an individual or group and tools or goods from one place to another. There are 3 types of transportation: land, water and air. Transportation by type is grouped into private transportation and public transportation. In Kapuas Hulu there are 6 Bus Terminals, one of which is the Type B Bus Terminal in Kedamin which is the highest type bus terminal in Kapuas Hulu. For the Type B Bus Terminal, the Kedamin Terminal has not met the requirements stipulated in government regulations, so it is necessary to redesign it to meet the standard for the Type B terminal. Bus terminals that look dirty are due to the unloading and loading activities that are not in place so that it disturbs the comfort of bus terminal visitors. Supporting facilities for bus management activities is inadequate. Insufficient arrival and departure waiting areas. Activities on a regular basis are disrupting the circulation of vehicles, therefore it is necessary to redesign the Kedamin Bus Terminal. The Bus Terminal design applies a contextual concept to adapt the conditions of the building on site to the surrounding conditions.
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M, Ariyanto, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Darmawanto Darmawanto, Hamirul Hamirul, and Tarjo Tarjo. "Manajemen Pelayanan Penumpang Di Terminal Bus." Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Teknologi (AMBITEK) 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56870/ambitek.v2i1.34.
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This paper is to find out the use of bus terminals in serving passengers by using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and using data collection techniques with interviews, 13 informants with research results Bus terminal utilization of passenger services namely Determining Terminal Locations, arranging terminal supporting facilities, Flow arrangement traffic in the terminal supervision area, scheduling of officers in the terminal and evaluation of the terminal operating system. Obstacles encountered in passenger service to the effectiveness of using bus terminals include traffic facilities and infrastructure are still limited, traffic management has not functioned optimally, passenger public transport services are inadequate. Efforts carried out in the service effectiveness of bus terminal utilization on passenger services, namely Improving the waiting area service and the flow of public vehicles within the terminal, improving service in the arrival and departure of vehicles according to a predetermined schedule, Collecting passenger terminal services and Increasing the current flow settings crossing in the terminal surveillance area
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Zamanian, Mohammad Hossein, and Farideddin Peiravian. "Multi-Step Heuristic Method for Bus Terminal Location Problem." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (May 18, 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119849402.
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Bus terminals are one of the main facilities that have a key role in the collection and distribution of passengers within an urban transportation network. The location of a bus terminal strongly affects its performance. Owing to the increasing demand, it is sometimes necessary to add a new bus terminal to the existing urban bus network. Finding a proper location, however, is a challenge that is influenced by different transportation and socio-economic considerations, which in turn affects the surrounding land-use and traffic patterns. In this paper, a new multi-step heuristic method is proposed for the bus terminal location problem to identify a new bus terminal location based on the existing network as well as other transportation considerations and constraints. This is achieved by identifying the existing bus stops that have the greatest potential to be turned into a bus terminal. Other factors taken into consideration are the locations of the existing bus terminals, adjacent land-use, construction costs, node connectivity, and system accessibility. Owing to the multi-objective nature of the problem, a goal programming approach is used to formulate the objective function. To evaluate the proposed model, it was applied to the city of Shiraz in Iran. The results show that the model can provide acceptable and reliable outcomes.
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Sani, S. Z., and M. Zaly Shah. "Level of Service Assessment for People with Disability in Kawo Bus Terminal Park Kaduna State, Nigeria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1274, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1274/1/012020.
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Abstract This study presents measurements of the overall level of service (LOS) for people with disabilities (PWDs) at public bus terminals. According to user perceptions, these metrics are helpful for evaluating the total LOS on a single scale. The process entails watching passengers and gathering a number of socioeconomic and physical factors that could affect how users rate the bus terminal. With the ability to assess and determine the LOS of transit terminals for physically challenged people, solutions to develop more empathetic transit terminals can be identified, and efforts to confirm the deficiencies can be put into place. It is possible to derive quantitative LOS ratings from survey data using a psychometric scaling technique. Following that, the relationship maps between these two categories of items were examined. The quantitative LOS ratings indices were rated using survey analysis. The findings revealed that the grand mean for expected service was 3.67 (SD = 0.77) while the mean for recorded LOS was 2.01 (SD = 0.58), indicating a significant gap between the two, thus needed attention to address LOS given to PWDs. A planning guideline for IPA is offered to design and optimise bus terminal access facilities for new or existing terminal stations, underscoring the practical usefulness of the approach. The outcome from this study evidently if incorporated in designing Bus Park will help in modelling bus terminal that will accommodate PWDs.
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Sharma, K. K., Sushendra Kumar Misra, and Arun Kumar Singla. "Role of Public Private Partnership in Bus Terminals: A Case Study of Punjab." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 19, 2019): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8680.
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The “Academic Discourses” on “Public and Private” partnerships in “Infrastructure Development” often involve the issues of “User’s Perceptions and “Employee Satisfaction” as two different ideologies work together. Multi party (private builders, developers, employees and users) work arrangements in infrastructure development owe a history of conflict and anxieties across the existing literature. Commuter utilizing PPP run bus terminals were found to be more satisfied vis-a-vis the commuters across Non-PPP run organizations in transport sectors across Punjab. With regard to bus terminals, the “Maintenance” of service levels matter and this factor was observed to dominate and exhibit maximum possible variance. The access coverage and volume capability needs to be retained and enhanced in order to reap the benefits of public private mode of bus terminal operations.
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Caroline Sutandi, Anastasia. "Stages of ICT implementation on buses and at major bus terminal in Indonesia for sustainable transportation." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603017.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on buses and at major bus terminal in large cities in Indonesia is needed for sustainable transportation. Based on the existing condition of buses and major bus terminals, ICT implementation cannot be completed at one go, but needs to be done in different stages. The aims of this study are identification of existing ICT implementation, to determine the necessity and priority of ICT implementation based on passengers’ needs and to provide stages of ICT implementation on buses and at major bus terminals in Indonesia for the purpose of sustainable transportation. Case studies are carried on Trans-Sarbagita buses and at Mengwi major bus terminal in Denpasar, Bali and on Surabaya-Yogyakarta buses and at Purabaya major bus terminal in Surabaya, Indonesia. Five hundred and sixty-six passengers and the terminal authority are involved in this study. Data collecting method is questionnaire and interview. Important performance analysis is used in analysis. Results indicated that the stages are: 1) maintenance of existing ICT daily operations, i.e. CCTV and online-ticketing, 2) dissemination of existing and future ICT facilities to the society, 3) effort to implement ICT needed by passengers, 4) effort to implement ICT based on passengers’ priority, and 5) implementation of other advanced ICT in the future with financial support and the firm effort of local government, national government and industry, consistently and continuously.
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Koushki, P. A. "Bus Transit Terminal Noise and Users' Perceptions." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 33, no. 11 (December 2002): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/09574560260459648.
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The results of the measurements of noise inside bus transit terminals in Kuwait are presented. Passengers' perceptions of the health impacts of noise are also given. Future terminal traffic growth policies will need to consider the growing annoyance of terminal users with this pervasive urban problem.
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SALISU, Umar Obafemi, Mubarak Olabanji GAFAR, Ayobami Ademola AKANMU, Sekinat Motunrayo SANNI, and Simeon Oluwagbenga FASINA. "USERS’ SATISFACTION WITH INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL QUALITY IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 123 (June 30, 2024): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2024.123.14.
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Globally, efficient intercity public transport relies on well-designed and high-quality terminal facilities and services to enhance accessibility, mobility, and safety for passengers and freight. Despite governmental efforts, bus terminals in Nigerian urban areas are becoming hotspots for unregulated activities and traffic chaos. In response, this study investigates users’ satisfaction with Lagos State's intercity bus terminal quality, analysing socio-economic profiles, satisfaction levels with quality of terminal facilities (QoTF) and services (QoTS), and challenges impacting terminal operations. Using a cross-sectional survey, 200 questionnaires were distributed to terminal users, employing a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive (weighted mean analysis) and inferential (multiple linear regression [MLR] analysis) statistics were employed for data analysis. Results indicate that the majority of respondents are male, aged below 40, and permanent terminal users. Satisfaction is noted with 13 out of 24 parameters of QoTF, with top-ranking parameters including parking space, restaurant facilities, and waste disposal facilities. However, dissatisfaction is expressed with 8 out of 14 parameters of QoTS. Least-satisfied QoTS parameters include staff attitudes, passenger safety, and bus service reliability. Top-rated challenges affecting terminal operations are security concerns, sanitation facility deficiencies and insufficient passenger amenities. MLR analysis indicates a significant influence of terminal facilities on overall service satisfaction (F= 2.899, p= 0.000 <0.05). In conclusion, enhancing both terminal facilities and services is crucial for efficient operations in Lagos State's bus terminals. Recommendations include improving security measures, sanitary infrastructure and staff training to address user concerns and enhance satisfaction.
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Susilowati, Eka, and Fenny Fitriani. "Determining The Shortest Path Between Terminal and Airport in Yogyakarta Using Trans Jogja with Min Plus Algorithm." MUST: Journal of Mathematics Education, Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/must.v4i2.2966.
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Route arrangement is an important factor to be considered so that areas in Yogyakarta city can be reached by Trans Jogja bus. One of the routes to consider is the route that connects between the terminal and the airport in Yogyakarta. Jombor terminal, Giwangan terminal, Condong Catur terminal, and Prambanan terminal are terminals in Yogyakarta. In this paper, we discussed the shortest path between the terminal and Adisucipto Airport with the estimated minimum travel time using Trans Jogja bus. Determination of this route is searched by using min plus algorithm. The shortest trajectory presented is the trajectory between Giwangan and Condong Catur terminal, Condong Catur and Prambanan terminal, and Adisucipto Airport and Jombor terminal. This paper is limited to the passage of Trans Jogja bus stop.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bus terminals"
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Lindberg, Therese. "Discrete Event Simulation of Bus Terminals." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156646.
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Public transport is important to society as it provides spatial accessibility and reduces congestion and pollution in comparison to other motorized modes. To assure a high-quality service, all parts of the system need to be well-functioning and properly planned. One important aspect for the system's bus terminals is their capacity. This needs to be high enough to avoid congestion and queues and the delays these may lead to. During planning processes, various suggested designs and solutions for a terminal need to be evaluated. Estimating capacity and how well the suggestions will function is a challenging problem, however. It requires analysis of complex interactions and behaviour of the vehicles. This sort of analyses can preferably be carried out using microsimulation. Furthermore, a discrete event simulation approach can make use of the fact that the path of a vehicle through a terminal can readily be described by a sequence of events (such as arriving, starting to drive to a stop etc.). The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate how discrete event simulation can be used to evaluate bus terminal design and traffic control policies. The main contribution is the development of a method for bus terminal simulation. As a first step, a discrete event simulation model of a combined bus and tram stop is formulated. The model is tested on a real system where the current design is compared to an alternative one. The test shows that a model developed with a discrete event approach can be used to evaluate the situation at a stop and compare design alternatives. In the next step, a general discrete event simulation model of bus terminals is formulated. A modular approach is introduced, where a terminal can be constructed from a set of module building blocks. Another important contribution of the model is its spatial resolution that allows for queues and blockages to occur throughout the terminal. By applying the simulation model in a case study, it is shown that the model can be used to evaluate and compare various scenarios related to the layout, number of passengers and the outside traffic situation. Lastly, the bus terminal simulation model is used in a second case study in order to compare model output with empirical data. This study identified a number of factors that may have had an influence on differences between observations and simulation results and that is of interest to look further into. This includes the actual adherence to terminal rules and the effects of model parameters.
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Mattson, Jeremy. "Innovative Approach to Estimating Demand for Intercity Bus Services in a Rural Environment." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25945.
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Because existing models have their limitations, there is a significant need for a model to estimate demand for intercity bus services, especially in rural areas. The general objective of this research was to develop an intercity mode choice model that can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model to estimate demand for rural intercity bus services. Four intercity transportation modes were considered in the study: automobile, bus, rail, and air. A stated preference survey was conducted of individuals across the state of North Dakota, and a mixed logit model was developed to estimate a mode choice model. Results from the mode choice model showed the significant impacts of individual, trip, and mode characteristics on choice of mode. Gender, age, income, disability, trip purpose, party size, travel time, travel cost, and access distance were all found to have significant impacts on mode choice, and traveler attitudes were also found to be important. The study demonstrated how the mode choice model can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model, and intercity bus mode shares were estimated for origin-destination pairs within the state. Alternative scenarios were analyzed to show how mode shares would change under different conditions or service characteristics. This study was conducted in the largely rural state of North Dakota, but results could be transferable to other areas with similar geographic characteristics.U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
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Askerud, Caroline, and Sara Wall. "Evaluation of bus terminals using microscopic traffic simulation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139028.
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Traffic simulation is a safe and efficient tool to investigate infrastructural changes as well as traffic conditions. This master thesis aims to analyse a microscopic traffic simulation method for evaluation of bus terminal capacity. The evaluation is performed by investigating a case study of the bus terminal at Norrköping travel centre. The analysed method, referred to as terminal logic in the thesis, uses a combination of time based and event based simulation. Through the combination of time and event, it is possible to capture all movements within the terminal for individual vehicles. The simulation model is built in the software Vissim. A new travel centre for Norrköping is under development. Among the reasons for a new travel centre is the railway project Ostlänken in the eastern part of Sweden. An evaluation of the bus terminal is interesting due to a suspicion of overcapacity and the opportunity of redesigning. To investigate both the terminal capacity and the terminal logic, three scenarios were implemented. Scenario 1: Current design and frequency Scenario 2: Current design with higher frequency Scenario 3: Decreased number of bus stops with current frequency The results from the scenarios confirm the assumption of overcapacity. The capacity was evaluated based on several different measures, all indicating a low utilization. Even so, the utilization was uneven over time and congestion could still occur when several buses departed at the same time. This was also seen when studying the simulation, which showed congestions when several buses departed at the same time. The case study established the terminal logic to be useful when evaluating capacity at bus terminals. It provides a good understanding of how the terminal operates and captures the movements. However, it was time-consuming to adjust the logic to the studied terminal. This is a disadvantage when investigating more than one alternative. The thesis resulted in two main conclusions. Firstly, a more optimised planning of the buses at Norrköping bus terminal would probably be achievable and lead to less congestions at the exits. Secondly, the terminal logic is a good method to use when evaluating bus terminals but it is not straight forward to implement.
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Li, Siu-wah. "A study of covered bus terminus design and air quality issues /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37120256.
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Engelbrecht, Louise. "A decision support tool for capacity designing of BRT stations using discrete-event simulation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5226.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the capacity of a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) station in Cape Town. A bus rapid transit system is a high-capacity public transportation system that carries passengers from one point to another, providing a service that is faster and more efficient than an ordinary bus line. The implementation of these systems is increasing rapidly worldwide, serving as a solution to decrease traffic congestion. The capacity of the proposed bus station, known as the Thibault Station, is investigated in the study by developing a simulation model. The aim is to develop a stochastic simulation model, which represents the flow of passengers throughout the station so that the station capacity can be investigated. By developing a stochastic model as opposed to a deterministic model, elements of uncertainty can be included into the model, thereby representing a system that is closer to the real-life situation under investigation. The majority of BRT systems, as well as past studies undertaken on the Thibault Station, are designed using deterministic calculations. The study commences by researching literature on BRT systems and focuses on the current methods used to calculate station capacity requirements. Thereafter, the concept of simulation is introduced. Simulation is the method chosen to model and evaluate the passenger and bus operations at the Thibault Station. The study presents the methods used to build and verify the simulation model. This is done to familiarise the user with a number of aspects of the model. The model can then be used as a tool to investigate capacity parameters and alternative designs or scenarios. Using the results of these investigations, decisions can ultimately be made regarding the planning and design components of any bus rapid transit station given that the model is adapted. Scenario results, as well as interpretations of performance measurements, are presented at the end of the study. The results can be used for more realistic design of BRT stations using stochastic modelling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die kapasiteit van „n hoëspoed bus vervoer stelsel (BRT). Die ondersoek is gebaseer op „n voorgestelde bus stelsel vir Kaapstad. „n BRT-stelsel is „n hoë-kapasiteit publieke vervoerstelsel wat passasiers van een punt na „n ander vervoer, deur „n diens te verskaf wat vinniger en meer doeltreffend is as „n gewone bus stelsel. Die implementering van hierdie tipe stelsels neem wêreldwyd toe en dien as „n oplossing om verkeersopeenhopings te verminder. Die spesifieke busstasie wat ondersoek word staan bekend as die Thibault Stasie van Kaapstad se BRT-stelsel. Die kapasiteit van die stasie word ondersoek deur middel van simulasiemodellering. Die doel is om „n stogastiese simulasiemodel wat die vloei van passasiers modelleer te ontwikkel ten einde die kapasiteit van die stasie te ondersoek. Deur „n stogastiese model in plaas van „n deterministiese model te gebruik, kan elemente van onsekerheid ingesluit word. Dit verteenwoordig dus „n stelsel wat nader aan die werklikheid is. Tans word meeste BRT-stelsels ontwerpe gebaseer op deterministiese berekeninge, asook historiese studies wat onderneem is oor die Thibault Stasie. Die studie begin deur literatuur oor BRT-stelsels te bestudeer en fokus daarna op die huidige metodes wat gebruik word om die vereiste kapasiteit van „n busstasie te bepaal. Die konsep van simulasie word daarna voorgestel. Simulasie is die metode wat in die studie gebruik word om die passasier- en busaktiwiteite van die Thibault Stasie te modelleer en te evalueer. Die studie verskaf die metodes wat gebruik word vir die ontwikkeling en geldigmaak van die simulasiemodel. Gebruikers word op dié manier blootgestel aan die verskillende aspekte van die model. Nadat die gebruikers vertroud is met sekere aspekte van die model, word die model verder uiteengesit en word daar verduidelik hoe dit as „n instrument om kapasiteit parameters en alternatiewe ontwerpe van busstasies te ondersoek kan dien. Die resultate van die model kan gebruik word om beplannings- en ontwerpbesluite van enige busstasie te neem. Aan die einde van die studie word scenarioresultate bekendgestel, asook die interpretasie daarvan. Die resultate kan gebruik word vir meer realistiese ontwerp van BRT-stasies met behulp van stogastiese simulasie modellering.
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Kelt, Andrew. "Public transport buildings of metropolitan Adelaide, 1839-1900 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHM/09arhmk29.pdf.
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Pienaar, Wessel Johannes. "The economic evaluation of bus and minibus taxi terminals and transfer facilities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4576.
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Thesis (PhD (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 1998.147 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages i-v and numbered pages 1-1 to 8-8. Includes bibliography,list of figures and tables. Digitized using a Hp Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR).
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation describes the functions of bus and minibus taxi terminals and transfer facilities. Planning, design and evaluation guidelines are proposed. These proposals are aimed at the following aspects: the geometric features and functional layout of facilities in order to enhance the effective usage thereof by passengers, as well as the smooth flow of vehicles; the location of facilities and traffic control arrangements, which take cognisance of effective traffic flow as well as acceptable walking distance by commuters; and an evaluation methodology which addresses allocative efficiency from an economic viewpoint, supplemented by analysis guidelines which consider distributive efficiency from a viewpoint of equitable distribution of welfare. It is explained how benefits for travellers, the transit operator and the subsidizing authority, and the opportunity costs of supplying the facility can be determined. A model is proposed whereby the non-monetary component of generalised travel costs can be estimated. The use of economic evaluation techniques for the selection and prioritisation of projects is detailed. This is supplemented by an example of an economic evaluation of a proposed bus/minibus taxi terminal. Subsequently it is examined how the design and effectiveness of a real world passenger transport terminal could be affected by the use of the guidelines proposed in the dissertation. The dissertation, lastly, deals with welfare distribution and the more equitable community accessibility and mobility which can be brought about by the creation and use of passenger transport terminals and transfer facilities. Also discussed is the accommodation of welfare distribution with an economic evaluation as a means of achieving greater equity or fairness and the ways in which this can be done.
AFRIKANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif beskryf die funksies van bus- en minibustaxivervoereindpunte en oorstapfasiliteite. Beplannings-, ontwerp- en evalueringsriglyne word voorgestel. Die voorsteUe is gerig op die volgende aspekte: (1) Die geometriese en funksionele uitieg om die doeltreffende gebruik deur passasiers en vloei van voertuie te bevorder; (2) fasiliteitplasing en verkeersbeheermaatreels wat vlot voertuigbeweging sowel as aanvaarbare stapafstand in ag neem; en (3) 'n evalueringsmetodologie wat toewysingsdoeltreffendheid vanuit 'n ekonomiese oogpunt en verdelingsdoeltreffendheid vanuit 'n billike welvaartsverdelingsoogpunt in ag neem. Dit word verduidelik hoe voordele vir reisigers, die transit-operateur en die subsidierende owerheid, en die geleentheidskoste van fasiliteitsvoorsiening bepaal kan word. 'n Model word voorgestel waarvolgens die nie-monetere gedeelte van veralgemeende reiskoste beraam kan word. Die gebruik van ekonomiese evalueringstegnieke vir die keuse en prioritisering van projekte word verskaf. Dit word aangevul met 'n voorbeeld van 'n ekonomiese evaluering van 'n voorgestelde bus/minibustaxi-eindpunt. Vervolgens word dit ondersoek hoe die ontwerp en doeltreffendheid van 'n werklike passasiervervoereindpunt deur die gebruik van die voorgestelde riglyne beinvloed kan word. Ten slotte word welvaartverdeling en die groter toeganklikheid en beweeglikheid behandel wat binne 'n gemeenskap geskep kan word deur die voorsiening en gebruik van passasiersvervoereindpunte en oorstapfasiliteite. Dit word bespreek hoe 'n ekonomiese evaluering aangepas kan word as 'n maatreel om billikheid te bevorder.
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Nyblin, Jerker, and Mohammad Al-Mousa. "Modelling Layover Parking Capacity in Bus Terminals : A Case Study of Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276734.
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Public bus services play a pivotal role in urban public transport systems, they represent the flexible fragment of the mass transit chain in Stockholm county. It extends the high-capacity rail services reach by creating local connections to rail stations, by creating connections between local centres and by creating direct connections during peak hours to relieve the rail system. As Stockholm continues to grow, there is an increased demand on bus services and its facilities which has created challenges in providing suitably dimensioned bus terminals. Even though public transport operators have been using computerised solutions to optimise their operational schedule for vehicles and employees, the increased intensity of public bus services has resulted in an increased demand for layover parking capacity in bus terminals. Several bus terminals in the Stockholm region are reaching their maximum capacity. Layover parking capacity issues are indirectly causing bus service delays and municipalities have strong interests in minimising the land use of bus terminals since they occupy attractive land near other public transport services such as underground and over-ground train services. The layover parking capacity issue leads to increasing operational cost, increasing environmentally unsound deadheading, and decreasing service resilience against service abnormalities. The Public Transport Administration (Trafikförvaltningen) of the Region Stockholm recognises the need to have efficient land use for terminals. One of the most important aspects of a bus terminal’s land use is dimensioning the bus layover parking facility. The proper design and the sufficient dimensioning of a bus layover parking facility is an essential need for operators’ traffic planners to optimise their vehicle and crew schedules in order to provide a reliable, punctual, efficient and environmentally friendly service with minimal operationally inefficient deadheading between terminals. In this master’s thesis, a study was carried out on bus terminals in Stockholm county. The study included literature review, field studies and a survey targeting public bus operators. The aim of the study was to create a model that estimates the optimum bus layover parking capacity at early planning stages for efficient bus operations in different bus terminals in Stockholm county. The resulting model was derived by means of regression analysis from a sample of bus terminals identified according to the findings of the survey. The study found several bus service and bus terminal attributes that act as predictors for the optimum layover parking capacity, such as service frequency in the terminal and trip durations. In addition to what the guidelines of Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual 2013 suggest, this study considered the effect of scheduled connections between buses and the commuter trains, without the need of providing detailed information of the schedules of bus services.Busstrafiken spelar en viktig roll i dagens kollektivtrafiksystem och i Stockholm utgör busstrafiken den flexibla delen av kollektivtrafikutbudet. Busstrafiken utökar de kapacitetsstarka spårbundna färdmedlens täckningsområde genom att erbjuda kundnära anslutningstrafik till och från spårtrafiksstationer, skapar förbindelser mellan lokala centrum och avlastar spårtrafiken genom att skapa direkta förbindelser under rusningstid. Efterfrågan på busstrafik och dess infrastruktur ökar i den alltjämt växande stockholmsregionen och detta skapar utmaningar i att tillhandahålla välanpassad bussterminalkapacitet. Busstrafikutövarna använder datoriserade trafik-optimeringsverktyg för att optimera nyttjandet av fordon och personal men behovet av bussuppställningsplatser ökar alltjämt med ett växande busstrafikutbud. Nyttjandet i flera bussterminaler i stockholmsregionen närmar sig sin maxkapacitet. Bussuppställningsplatsbrist leder indirekt till förseningar och kommuner har starka incitament för att minimera bussterminalernas storlek, detta då de ofta upptar värdefull mark i spårtrafiknära lägen. Brist på bussuppställningsplatskapacitet leder till höjda operativa kostnader, fler miljöskadliga tomkörningar och försämrad motståndskraft mot trafikproduktionsavvikelser. Trafikförvaltningen i Region Stockholm är av åsikten att bussterminalers mark-användning måste vara effektiv och en av de viktigaste aspekterna av bussterminalers markanspråk är ytan för bussuppställning. Välutformade bussterminaler med adekvat bussuppställningsplatskapacitet är däremot ett krav för att trafikutövarna ska kunna köra pålitlig, punktlig, effektiv busstrafik med lägsta miljöpåverkan och med minimalt antal tomkörningar som inte är motiverade för att höja trafikproduktions-effektiviteten. I denna masteruppsats redogörs för en studie som gjordes av bussterminalerna i Stockholms län. I studien ingick litteraturanalys, fältstudier och en enkät-undersökning. Målet med studien var att skapa en modell för skattning av bussuppställningsplatskapacitetsoptimum som kan användas tidigt i planerings-arbetet för ny- eller ombyggnation av bussterminaler i Stockholms län. Med hjälp av regressionsanalys utvecklades en modell utifrån resultatet från enkätundersökningen och studien fann flera busstrafikerings- och bussterminal-attribut som tjänar som förklaringsvariabler för bussuppställningsplatskapacitets-optimum, såsom turtäthet och körtider. I tillägg till riktlinjerna som föreslås av Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual 2013 tar denna studie även hänsyn till frekvensen hos tidspassade anslutningar mot annan kollektivtrafik men utan att kräva detaljerad tidtabellsinformation.
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Li, Siu-wah, and 李兆鏵. "A study of covered bus terminus design and air quality issues." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013391.
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Берегеля, А. О., and В. П. Ковальський. "Принципи формування архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальних комплексів на прикладі проекту центрального автовокзалу у місті Вінниця." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2018. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/22661.
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Досліджено і проаналізовано закордонний та вітчизняний досвід проектування автовокзальних комплексів у містах-супутниках, виявлені особливості їх формування. Удосконалено класифікацію існуючих автовокзальних комплексів. Розвинуто класифікацію автовокзальких комплексів, за використанням простору, яка впливає на принципи формування. Комплексний аналіз факторів, особливостей та вимог дозволив визначити і обгрунтувати основні принципи формування та фактори які характеризують закономірність формування принципів архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальких комплексів. На основі проведеного дослідження визначені, обґрунтовані та відокремленні від внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів , загальні фактори.The foreign and domestic experience of designing bus and coach complexes in satellite cities was investigated and analyzed, features of their formation were revealed. The classification of existing bus terminals has been improved. The classification of bus and coach complexes is developed, using space that affects the principles of formation. Complex analysis of factors, features and requirements allowed to determine and justify the basic principles of formation and factors that characterize the pattern of formation of principles of architectural and planning decisions of bus and coach complexes. On the basis of the conducted research, the general factors are determined, substantiated and separated from internal and external factors
Books on the topic "Bus terminals"
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Coppa & Avery Consultants., ed. Bus terminals: An architectural overview. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1985.
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Causado Quesada, Rafael A., arq., ed. La estación de autobuses de Jaén: Una topografía de su arquitectura. Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura, 2006.
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Cabeda, Eduardo. No tempo das estações: A história das estações rodoviárias do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS: Sindicato de Agências e Estações Rodoviárias no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007.
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Flores, Oscar Sánchez. Evaluación del impacto vial inducido por la reubicación de una terminal de autobuses: El caso de la "terminal norte" de la ciudad de Toluca. Toluca, México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2004.
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N, Tyler, ed. Accessibility and the bus system: From concepts to practice. London: Thomas Telford, 2002.
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Danielle, Thibault, Kéroul (Organisation), and Québec (Province). Direction du transport terrestre des personnes., eds. L' accessibilité des terminus d'autocars au Québec pour les personnes à capacité physique restreinte. [France]: Ministère des transports du Québec, Direction du transport terrestre des personnes, 1996.
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B, Hilferink P. D., Nieuwenhuis D. K, and International Union of Public Transport., eds. Location and design of interchanges: Rail, bus, and car. Rijswijk: Published for UITP, 1994.
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Kulshrestha, D. K. Transport management in India: In special reference to bus stations. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1993.
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Suphākhom, Thō̜ngplēo. Kānčhat rabīap kānkhonsong kap sathānī khonsong phūdōisān. [Bangkok]: Phāk Wichā Ratthaprasāsanasāt, Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai, 1993.
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José, Constructora San, ed. Estación de autobuses de Córdoba. [Galicia, Spain]: Constructora San José, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bus terminals"
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Fisal, Siti Fadhlina Muhammad, and Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor. "Bus Passenger’s Satisfaction on Accessibility to AmanJaya Bus Terminal: A Gender Comparison." In Proceedings of AICCE'19, 567–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_39.
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Özceylan, Eren. "Offering a New Bus Route Between Campus and Bus Terminal Using Shortest Path Algorithm." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 271–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89743-7_15.
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Xian, Deyong, Peirong Fan, Hailing Wu, and Qian Wang. "Test System for BDS User Terminal Based on RF Replay Apparatus." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 413–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0934-1_36.
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Morris, Joanna S., and Torsten Stein. "Pubertal Ductal Morphogenesis: Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of the Terminal End Bud." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 131–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6475-8_5.
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Kamarudin, Hikmah, Nor Rima Muhamad Ariff, Wan Zuriea Wan Ismail, Zarina Isnin, and Aidatul Fadzlin Bakri. "Malaysian Standard Conformity on Access and Facilities for Person with Disabilities in Public Bus Terminal Buildings." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Research of Arts, Design and Humanities (ISRADH 2014), 393–403. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-530-3_40.
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Wang, Yongli. "The Application of i-bus Intelligent Lighting Control System in the Terminal of Wuhan Tianhe International Airport." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 393–400. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01273-5_43.
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Zhao, Fangyun, Mingfu Zhang, and Wei Sun. "Vehicle terminal system of intelligent logistics based on STM32F103 and BDS/GPS technologies." In Advances in Energy Science and Equipment Engineering II, 1871–76. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116174-195.
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Hannezo, Edouard, and Colinda L. G. J. Scheele. "A Guide Toward Multi-scale and Quantitative Branching Analysis in the Mammary Gland." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 183–205. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_12.
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AbstractThe mammary gland consists of a bilayered epithelial structure with an extensively branched morphology. The majority of this epithelial tree is laid down during puberty, during which actively proliferating terminal end buds repeatedly elongate and bifurcate to form the basic structure of the ductal tree. Mammary ducts consist of a basal and luminal cell layer with a multitude of identified sub-lineages within both layers. The understanding of how these different cell lineages are cooperatively driving branching morphogenesis is a problem of crossing multiple scales, as this requires information on the macroscopic branched structure of the gland, as well as data on single-cell dynamics driving the morphogenic program. Here we describe a method to combine genetic lineage tracing with whole-gland branching analysis. Quantitative data on the global organ structure can be used to derive a model for mammary gland branching morphogenesis and provide a backbone on which the dynamics of individual cell lineages can be simulated and compared to lineage-tracing approaches. Eventually, these quantitative models and experiments allow to understand the couplings between the macroscopic shape of the mammary gland and the underlying single-cell dynamics driving branching morphogenesis.
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Khan, Shagufta, and Suman Bhowmick. "Power-Flow Modelling of AC Power Systems Integrated with VSC-Based Multi-Terminal DC Grids Employing DC Slack-Bus Control." In Power-Flow Modelling of HVDC Transmission Systems, 99–136. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003252078-3.
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Li, Zhenbing, Shilin Jia, Jinrong Zhang, Jialong Fu, Junjie Huang, Xiaochuan Fang, Gang Li, and Guangjun Wen. "Design of High-Power Power Amplifiers for BDS-3 Terminal Based on InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC and LGA Technology." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 108–18. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1332-5_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bus terminals"
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"New Long-Distance Bus Terminals in Germany." In 21st Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. ERES, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2014_63.
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Geetha, B. G., G. Sandhiya, A. Shalini, and M. Sharmila. "Smart Routing Bus Transportation in Rural Terminals." In 2024 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications Theme: Healthcare and Internet of Things (AIMLA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimla59606.2024.10531551.
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Sarsam, Saad I. "Implementation of Surveying Techniques in the Route Selection for Baghdad Metro Tube." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.176.
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Transportation systems play a central role in a sustainable society by providing mobility for people, goods, and services. Significant sustainability benefits are being derived through the improvements in transportation network efficiency, use of alternative modes and multimodality, integration of sustainable design, better integration of land use and transportation systems. Sustainable transportation system usually refers to any means of transportation which has low impact on the environment, affordable to users and can balance the current and future needs. This work covers the implementation of surveying techniques in the route selection for Baghdad Metro Tube. The travel demand has been assessed through an extensive travel potential survey. The public bus terminals were considered as a major source of data. The number of passengers using the present public transportation system from each bus terminal and for each route to various destinations has been recorded. The passenger supply points have been indicated by latitude and longitude that define the bus stop and the proposed metro route using global positioning system GPS. A passenger counting data was collected concerning the present use of public transport. A line indicates travel from one area to another and a grid was constructed. The present bus routes were identified, and the 28 major and minor public transportation terminals, which represent the passenger trip origin and destination nodes, were detected using GPS. The bus terminals were also positioned by the GPS and affixed. The recent land use of Baghdad urban area and the existing transportation network as obtained from Google earth were utilized in the geographic information system GIS environment. Travel corridors are identified and analyzed according to their existing right-of-way conditions, transit services, land use, and demographics.The positive and negative attributes of each corridor with regards to their potential for supporting transitoriented development TOD and higher capacity transit services have been determined through optimization process in the GIS. Finally, five corridors of the highest trip potential have been selected and proposed.
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Csonka, Bálint. "Charging power optimisation for electric buses at terminals." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1299.
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Charging infrastructure has a key role in the operation of electric buses in public transportation. In this paper, mixed-integer linear programming was used to model the bus service and capture the relationship among the network characteristics, vehicles, and charging unit attributes. The model supports the charging power optimisation at terminals to reduce the total operating costs of electric buses and charging units. The model was applied for the bus network of Kőbánya, Budapest. It was found that despite using more expensive high-power chargers, the total cost is lower because of the lower number of electric buses. It was also found that higher charging power does not affect the total cost significantly if it is higher than 350kW.
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Lindberg, Therese, Fredrik Johansson, Anders Peterson, and Andreas Tapani. "Microsimulation of Bus Terminals: A Case Study from Stockholm." In 2020 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc48552.2020.9383876.
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Huang, Zhengdong, Xuebin Wei, Jianwu Shen, and Xuejun Liu. "Spatial Distribution of Bus Terminals in Large Cities — The Case of Wuhan, China." In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)134.
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Dong, Zhewei, Haiyang Yu, Yongneng Xu, and Qu Yi. "Research on Pedestrian Panic Diffusion Model of Urban Bus Terminals under Emergency Evacuation." In 20th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483053.059.
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Schley, William R. "Distributed Flight Control and Propulsion Control Implementation Issues and Lessons Learned." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-003.
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This paper addresses the motivations for using a distributed control system architecture, technical challenges, typical functions which are off-loaded to remote terminals, sensor/effector interface issues, data bus selection, technology insertion issues, lessons learned, and objectives for future distributed control implementations. Typical design requirements, constraints, environmental conditions, and operational challenges will be described. Examples of various distributed control system implementations will be discussed, including both propulsion control and flight control examples.
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Saxena, Kshitij. "Intelligent Transit Thru Imaging: Using CCTV Cameras for Evaluating Real Time Demand." In 2022 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2022-78323.
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Abstract Ubiquitous CCTV cameras are a commonplace in cities with their presence on street intersections, bus stops, train stations and ferry terminals, etc. This paper presents an idea to use Artificial Intelligence in devising heat maps whereby traffic density is mapped from CCTV camera image grab of a location. When fed into the Traffic Management System (TMS), relevant alerts can be issued to the Traffic Controllers, consequently, deploying a bus or a metro train to meet that extra rush of passengers. Intelligent models can be developed that create novel routes during specific events in the city. New demand and response models can be created within TMS thru use of data science. Routes can be temporarily modified, with crowded stops added and uncrowded ones removed. Passengers are given adequate notice thru live alerts. Ethical issues related to data privacy are handled by specialized software. Such an intelligent system can help control crime. By active monitoring, the response time in attending accidents can be lessened. Necessary warnings are issued to bus operators concerning elderly and people with special needs, enabling better onboarding experience.
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Fusco, G., and M. Russo. "A Simple Design Approach for Excitation Controller and Power System Stabilizer." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4064.
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This paper proposes a simple design procedure to solve the problem of controlling generator transient stability following large disturbances in power systems. A state-feedback excitation controller and power system stabilizer are designed to guarantee robustness against uncertainty in the system parameters. These controllers ensure satisfactory swing damping and quick decay of the voltage regulation error over a wide range of operating conditions. The controller performance is evaluated in a case study in which a three-phase short-circuit fault near the generator terminals in a four-bus power system is simulated.
Reports on the topic "Bus terminals"
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Norfleet, Quickel, and Beavers. PR-186-12204-R02 Guidelines on the Effects of Ethanol on Pump Stations and Terminal Facilities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010673.
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Ethanol has been used for the last several years as an environmentally friendly alternative to methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), which is an oxygenate additive to gasoline, to increase octane levels, and to facilitate the combustion process. However, the need to find alternatives to imported oil and gas has spurred the increased use of ethanol as an alternative fuel source. Further, ethanol is being promoted as a potential trade-off for CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels since CO2 is consumed by the plants used as the ethanol source. Legislation mandates a significant increase in ethanol usage as fuel over the next twenty years. The widespread use of ethanol will require efficient and reliable transportation from diverse ethanol producers to distribution terminals. Pipelines are, by far, the most cost-effective means of transporting large quantities of liquid hydrocarbons over long distances. For transporting ethanol, both existing pipeline infrastructure and new pipeline construction are being contemplated. In companion PRCI projects, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of pipeline steels and the performance of select elastomer seals/gaskets have been studied in fuel grade ethanol (FGE). The SCC study not only included piping grade steel, but also a cast steel that could be used in pumps. Many of the issues related to corrosion of pipeline steels have been resolved in these projects. However, to address completely the effect of ethanol and gasoline-ethanol blends in pipeline systems, investigation of the effects of ethanol on other components, such as pumps, valves, screens, springs, and metering devices was required. These components have different materials (e.g., non-ferrous alloys), different types of loading, and different exposure conditions. This report serves as a guidance document for identifying and selecting appropriate materials of construction that are exposed to ethanol and ethanol blends pumped and stored at pump stations and terminal facilities. The guidelines provided in this document are a culmination of knowledge gained from industry surveys, literature reviews, long-term testing programs, and past performance.
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Johnston, Morgan, Kiara Pazan, Yan Ding, Mary Allison, and Sung-Chan Kim. Surge analysis in Mobile Harbor, Alabama : ship-simulation report. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47596.
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A navigation channel improvement study for Mobile Harbor was conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District (CESAM), and the Alabama State Port Authority. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) assisted CESAM in assessing channel modifications using ERDC’s Ship/Tow Simulator through a Feasibility Level Screening Simulation study in 2017 and through a more comprehensive ship-simulation study in 2020. During the 2020 study, a safety concern was identified related to vessel interactions between a transiting vessel passing docked vessels at the McDuffie Coal Terminal located along the main federal channel. In the previous ship-simulation studies, the docked vessels were represented as targets, which means the ships are visually represented but no hydrodynamic interaction is captured. To fully assess this interaction, a surge-analysis study was completed in 2022 that used hydrodynamic models to represent docked vessels with representative mooring conditions. This study assessed several proposed navigation channel expansions across from the McDuffie Coal Terminal over the course of six testing days with four pilots. Assessment of the proposed modifications was accomplished through analysis of ship simulations completed by experienced local pilots, track plots, run sheets, and final pilot questionnaires.
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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah, and Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.
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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.
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Beavers, John. PR-186-073503-R02 Requirements for Existing Pipeline Tank and Terminal Systems to Transport Ethanol. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010439.
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The potential exists for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel pipelines transporting fuel grade ethanol (FGE) and FGE- gasoline blends. The objectives of SCC 4-4 were to: 1. Develop data necessary to make engineering assessments of the feasibility of transporting FGE and FGE blends in existing pipelines, 2. Identify ethanol blends that can be transported in existing pipelines without significant modification of the system and operations (Case 1); blends that require significant modifications (Case 2) and blends that cannot be transported in existing pipelines, but could be moved in specially designed systems (Case 3), and 3. Characterize the time to initiation of SCC in a range of potent ethanol environments and identify safe operating and or batching practices that prevent the initiation and growth of SCC. The results of the research (Phase 1 and Phase 2) demonstrated that: 1. Pipelines made of common line pipe steels (e.g., Grade B and X-42 to X-60) are likely to be susceptible to ethanol SCC and any differences in susceptibility are probably not relevant from an integrity perspective. 2. While differences in susceptibility were noted for some weld types, in general, the base metal, heat affected zone, and weld metal were all susceptible to SCC in SFGE. 3. For sharp cracks, SCC initiation times are short once the line pipe steel is exposed to FGE or FGE blends capable of promoting SCC. 4. Once cracks initiate, crack growth rates are high in comparison with other forms of pipeline SCC. 5. Batching does not appear to be a viable method for SCC mitigation. 6. The only blends that can be safely transported in existing pipelines without significant modification of the system or operations (Case 1) are those containing less than 15% ethanol. 7. All other blends require significant modifications of the system or operations (Case 2), or specially designed systems (Case 3). 8. Case 2 could include deaeration of the SFGE, or the addition of inhibitors. 9. Case 3 is the subject of ongoing research (SCC 4-5).
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Levy, Maggie, Raymond Zielinski, and Anireddy S. Reddy. IQD1 Function in Defense Responses. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699842.bard.
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The main objective of the proposed research was to study IQD1's mechanism of action and elucidate its role in plant protection. Preliminary experiments suggest that IQD1 binds CaM in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner and functions in general defense responses. We propose to identify proteins and genes that interact with IQD1, which may provide some clues to its mechanism of action. We also plan to dissect IQD1's integration in defense pathways and to study and modulate its binding affinity to CaM in order to enhance crop resistance. Our specific objectives were: (1) Analysis of IQD1's CaM-binding properties; (2) Identification of IQD1 targets;(3) Dissection of IQD1 integration into defense signaling pathways. Analysis of IQD1's CaM-binding properties defined four potential classes of sequences that should affect CaM binding: one is predicted to raise the affinity for Ca²⁺-dependent interaction but have no effect on Ca²⁺-independent binding; a second is predicted to act like the first mutation but eliminate Ca²⁺-independent binding; a third has no predicted effect on Ca²⁺-dependent binding but eliminates Ca²⁺-independent binding; and the fourth is predicted to eliminate or greatly reduce both Ca²⁺-dependent and Ca²⁺-independent binding. Following yeast two hybrid analysis we found that IQD1 interact with AtSR1 (Arabidopsis thalianaSIGNALRESPONSIVE1), a calcium/calmodulin-binding transcription factor, which has been shown to play an important role in biotic and abiotic stresses. We tested IQD1 interaction with both N-terminal or C-terminal half of SR1. These studies have uncovered that only the N-terminal half of the SR1 interacts with the IQD1. Since IQD1 has an important role in herbivory, its interaction with SR1 suggests that it might also be involved in plant responses to insect herbivory. Since AtSR1, like IQD1, is a calmodulin-binding protein and the mutant showed increased sensitivity to a herbivore, we analyzed WT, Atsr1 and the complemented line for the levels of GS to determine if the increased susceptibility of Atsr1 plants to T. ni feeding is associated with altered GS content. In general, Atsr1 showed a significant reduction in both aliphatic and aromatic GS levels as compared to WT. In order to study IQD1's molecular basis integration into hormone-signaling pathways we tested the epistatic relationships between IQD1 and hormone-signaling mutants. For that purpose we construct double mutants between IQD1ᴼXᴾ and mutants defective in plant-hormone signaling and GS accumulation. Epitasis with SA mutant NahG and npr1-1 and JA mutant jar1-1 suggested IQD1 function is dependent on both JA and SA as indicated by B. cinerea infection assays. We also verified the glucosinolate content in the crosses siblings and found that aliphatic GSL content is reduced in the double transgenic plants NahG:IQD1ᴼXᴾ as compare to parental lines while the aliphatic GSL content in the npr1-1:IQD1ᴼXᴾ and jar1-1: IQD1ᴼXᴾ double mutants was intimidated to the parental lines. This suggests that GSL content dependency on SA is downstream to IQD1. As a whole, this project should contribute to the development of new defense strategies that will improve crop protection and reduce yield losses and the amount of pesticides required; these will genuinely benefit farmers, consumers and the environment.
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Yalovsky, Shaul, and Julian Schroeder. The function of protein farnesylation in early events of ABA signal transduction in stomatal guard cells of Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695873.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Loss of function mutations in the farnesyltransferase β subunit gene ERA1 (enhanced response to abscisic acid), cause abscisic acid hypersensitivity in seedlings and in guard cells. This results in slowed water loss of plants in response to drought. Farnesyltransferase (PFT) catalyses the attachment of the 15-carbon isoprenoid farnesyl to conserved cysteine residues located in a conserved C-terminal domain designated CaaX box. PFT is a heterodimeric protein comprised of an a and b sununits. The a subunit is shared between PFT and geranylgeranyltransferase-I (PGGTI) which catalyses the attachemt of the 20-carbon isoprenoid geranylgeranyl to CaaX box proteins in which the last amino acid is almost always leucine and in addition have a polybasic domain proximal to the CaaL box. Preliminary data presented in the proposal showed that increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in stomal guard cells in response to non-inductive ABA treatements. The goals set in the proposal were to characterize better how PFT (ERA1) affects ABA induced Ca2+ concentrations in guard cells and to identify putative CaaX box proteins which function as negative regulators of ABA signaling and which function is compromised in era1 mutant plants. To achieve these goals we proposed to use camelion Ca2+ sensor protein, high throughput genomic to identify the guard cell transcriptome and test prenylation of candidate proteins. We also proposed to focus our efforts of RAC small GTPases which are prenylated proteins which function in signaling. Our results show that farnesyltransferaseprenylates protein/s that act between the points of ABA perception and the activation of plasma membrane calcium influx channels. A RAC protein designated AtRAC8/AtRop10 also acts in negative regulation of ABA signaling. However, we discovered that this protein is palmitoylated and not prenylated although it contains a C-terminal CXXX motif. We further discovered a unique C-terminal sequence motif required for membrane targeting of palmitoylatedRACs and showed that their function is prenylation independent. A GC/MS based method for expression in plants, purification and analysis of prenyl group was developed. This method would allow highly reliable identification of prenylated protein. Mutants in the shared α subunit of PFT and PGGT-I was identified and characterized and was shown to be ABA hypersensitive but less than era1. This suggested that PFT and PGGT-I have opposing functions in ABA signaling. Our results enhanced the understanding of the role of protein prenylation in ABA signaling and drought resistance in plants with the implications of developing drought resistant plants. The results of our studies were published 4 papers which acknowledge support from BARD.
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Shukla, Pavan, Andrew Nordquist, and Roderick Fuentes. PR644-183602-R01 Cathodic Protection Design Considerations for Facilities with Congested Areas. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011687.
Full textAbstract:
The surface area method is often used to design cathodic protection (CP) systems for congested area facilities where at-grade and below-grade coated and uncoated metallic assets, which are electrically interconnected, exist. The surface area method provides an estimate of the protection current requirement, but is not adequate to calculate current distribution. This work presents a computational approach to model current distribution for the congested area facilities. The approach consists of developing a finite-element based model for a given facility, and then using the model to calculate the current distributions to the various at- and below-grade metallic assets. Two separate congested area facilities were modeled using the approach: (i) a storage tank terminal, and (ii) a gas compressor station. This work demonstrated that the approach can be used to design CP systems for the congested area facilities and is an improvement compared to the surface area method.
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Flaishman, Moshe, Herb Aldwinckle, Shulamit Manulis, and Mickael Malnoy. Efficient screening of antibacterial genes by juvenile phase free technology for developing resistance to fire blight in pear and apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613881.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: Produce juvenile-free pear and apple plants and examine their sensitivity to E. amylovora; Design novel vectors, for antibacterial proteins and promoters expression, combined with the antisense TFL1 gene, and transformation of Spadona pear in Israel and Galaxy apple in USA. The original objectives were revised from the development of novel vectors with antibacterial proteins combined with the TFL-1 due to the inefficiency of alternative markes initially evaluated in pear, phoshomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the lack of development of double selection system. The objectives of project were revised to focus primarily on the development additional juvenile free systems by the use of another pear variety and manipulation of the FT gene under the control of several promoters. Based on the results creation of fire blight resistance pear variety was developed by the use of the juvenile free transgenic plant. Background: Young tree seedlings are unable to initiate reproductive organs and require a long period of shoot maturation, known as juvenile phase. In pear, juvenile period can last 5-7 years and it causes a major delay in breeding programs. We isolated the TFL1 gene from Spadona pear (PcTFL1-1) and produced transgenic ‘Spadona’ trees silencing the PcTFL1 gene using a RNAi approach. Transgenic tissue culture ‘Spadona’ pear flowered in vitro. As expected, the expression of the endogenous PcTFL1 was suppressed in the transgenic line that showed precocious flowering. Transgenic plants were successfully rooted in the greenhouse and most of the plants flowered after only 4-8 months, whereas the non-transformed control plants have flowered only after 5-6 years of development. Major achievements: Prior to flower induction, transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ plants developed a few branches and leaves. Flower production in the small trees suppressed the development of the vegetative branches, thus resulting in compact flowering trees. Flowering was initiated in terminal buds, as described for the Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant. Propagation of the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ was performed by bud grafting on 'Betulifolia' rootstock and resulted in compact flowering trees. The transgenic flowering grafted plants were grown in the greenhouse under a long photoperiod for one year, and flowered continuously. Pollination of the transgenic flowers with ‘Costia‘ pear pollen generated fruits of regular shape with fertile F1 seeds. The F1 transgenic seedling grown in the greenhouse formed shoots and produced terminal flowers only five months after germination. In addition, grafted F1 transgenic buds flower and fruit continuously, generating hybrid fruits with regular shape, color and taste. Several pear varieties were pollinated with the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ pollen including `Herald Harw` that was reported to have resistance to fire blight diseases. The F-1 hybrid seedlings currently grow in our greenhouse. We conclude that the juvenile-free transgenic ‘Spadona’ pear enables the development of a fast breeding method in pear that will enable us to generate a resistance pear to fire blight. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the use of transgenic juvenile free technology in pear. The use of the juvenile free technology for enhancement of conventional breeding in fruit tree will serve to enhance fast breeding systems in pear and another fruit trees.
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Loebenstein, Gad, William Dawson, and Abed Gera. Association of the IVR Gene with Virus Localization and Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604922.bard.
Full textAbstract:
We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clone the IVR gene. In the first attempt we isolated a clone - "101" which had a specific insert of 372 bp (the full length gene for the IVR protein of 23 kD should be around 700 bp). However, attempts to isolate the full length gene did not give clear cut results, and we decided not to continue with this clone. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of IVR was determined and an antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids residues 1-20 of IVR. Using this antiserum as well as our polyclonal antiserum to IVR a new clone NC-330 was isolated using lamba-ZAP library. This NC-330 clone has an insert of about 1 kB with an open reading frame of 596 bp. This clone had 86.6% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal part of IVR and 61.6% homology with the first 23 amino acids of IVR. In the QIA expression system and western blotting of the expressed protein, a clear band of about 21 kD was obtained with IVR antiserum. This clone was used for transformation of Samsun tobacco plants and we have presently plantlets which were rooted on medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization with this clone was also obtained with RNA from induced resistant tissue of Samsun NN but not with RNA from healthy control tissue of Samsun NN, or infected or healthy tissue of Samsun. This further strengthens the previous data that the NC 330 clone codes for IVR. In the U.S. it was shown that IVR is induced in plants containing the N' gene when infected with mutants of TMV that elicit the HR. This is a defined system in which the elicitor is known to be due to permutations of the coat protein which can vary in elicitor strength. The objective was to understand how IVR synthesis is induced after recognition of elicitor coat protein in the signal transduction pathway that leads to HR. We developed systems to manipulate induction of IVR by modifying the elicitor and are using these elicitor molecules to isolate the corresponding plant receptor molecules. A "far-western" procedure was developed that found a protein from N' plants that specifically bind to elicitor coat proteins. This protein is being purified and sequenced. This objective has not been completed and is still in progress. We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi.
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Shoseyov, Oded, Steven A. Weinbaum, Raphael Goren, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. Biological Thinning of Fruit Set by RNAase in Deciduous Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568110.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Fruit thinning is a common and necessary practice for commercial fruit production in many deciduous tree fruit species. Fruit thinning in apple may be accomplished with a variety of chemical thinning agents, but the use of these chemicals is a subject of environmental concern. It has been shown recently that RNase enzyme, secreted from the stigma and the style, inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In this study we have been able to show that Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase can effectively inhibit peach and apple pollen germination, and tube elongation in-vitro, as well as thin fruit in peach and apple, and reduce the number of seeds in citrus. The objectives of the research were to detrmine the conditions for effective thinning of (USA and Israel), develop fermentation process for cost effective production of RNase from A. niger. (Israel), and clone apple S-RNase cDNA (USA). All the objectives of the research were addressed. We have determined the optimal fermentation conditions for cost effective production of the A. niger at a 20,000 liters scale. TheA. niger B1 RNase was isolated to homogeneity and its kinetic and biochemical properties including its N-terminal sequence were fully characterized. The field test results both in Israel and California have shown variability in effectiveness and more work is needed to define the RNase concentration necessary to completely inhibit pollen development. Plant transformation vectors expressing anti-sense apple S-RNase genes were constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce self compatible transgenic apple trees. Bovine S-Protein cDNA was cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli (Israel). Plant transformation vector expressing the S-Protein gene was constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce transgenic plants expressing S-protein in the style. Exogenous application of S-peptide to these plants will result in active RNase and consequently prevention of fertilization.