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Lindberg, Therese. "Discrete Event Simulation of Bus Terminals." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156646.
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Public transport is important to society as it provides spatial accessibility and reduces congestion and pollution in comparison to other motorized modes. To assure a high-quality service, all parts of the system need to be well-functioning and properly planned. One important aspect for the system's bus terminals is their capacity. This needs to be high enough to avoid congestion and queues and the delays these may lead to. During planning processes, various suggested designs and solutions for a terminal need to be evaluated. Estimating capacity and how well the suggestions will function is a challenging problem, however. It requires analysis of complex interactions and behaviour of the vehicles. This sort of analyses can preferably be carried out using microsimulation. Furthermore, a discrete event simulation approach can make use of the fact that the path of a vehicle through a terminal can readily be described by a sequence of events (such as arriving, starting to drive to a stop etc.). The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate how discrete event simulation can be used to evaluate bus terminal design and traffic control policies. The main contribution is the development of a method for bus terminal simulation. As a first step, a discrete event simulation model of a combined bus and tram stop is formulated. The model is tested on a real system where the current design is compared to an alternative one. The test shows that a model developed with a discrete event approach can be used to evaluate the situation at a stop and compare design alternatives. In the next step, a general discrete event simulation model of bus terminals is formulated. A modular approach is introduced, where a terminal can be constructed from a set of module building blocks. Another important contribution of the model is its spatial resolution that allows for queues and blockages to occur throughout the terminal. By applying the simulation model in a case study, it is shown that the model can be used to evaluate and compare various scenarios related to the layout, number of passengers and the outside traffic situation. Lastly, the bus terminal simulation model is used in a second case study in order to compare model output with empirical data. This study identified a number of factors that may have had an influence on differences between observations and simulation results and that is of interest to look further into. This includes the actual adherence to terminal rules and the effects of model parameters.
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Mattson, Jeremy. "Innovative Approach to Estimating Demand for Intercity Bus Services in a Rural Environment." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25945.
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Because existing models have their limitations, there is a significant need for a model to estimate demand for intercity bus services, especially in rural areas. The general objective of this research was to develop an intercity mode choice model that can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model to estimate demand for rural intercity bus services. Four intercity transportation modes were considered in the study: automobile, bus, rail, and air. A stated preference survey was conducted of individuals across the state of North Dakota, and a mixed logit model was developed to estimate a mode choice model. Results from the mode choice model showed the significant impacts of individual, trip, and mode characteristics on choice of mode. Gender, age, income, disability, trip purpose, party size, travel time, travel cost, and access distance were all found to have significant impacts on mode choice, and traveler attitudes were also found to be important. The study demonstrated how the mode choice model can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model, and intercity bus mode shares were estimated for origin-destination pairs within the state. Alternative scenarios were analyzed to show how mode shares would change under different conditions or service characteristics. This study was conducted in the largely rural state of North Dakota, but results could be transferable to other areas with similar geographic characteristics.U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
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Askerud, Caroline, and Sara Wall. "Evaluation of bus terminals using microscopic traffic simulation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139028.
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Traffic simulation is a safe and efficient tool to investigate infrastructural changes as well as traffic conditions. This master thesis aims to analyse a microscopic traffic simulation method for evaluation of bus terminal capacity. The evaluation is performed by investigating a case study of the bus terminal at Norrköping travel centre. The analysed method, referred to as terminal logic in the thesis, uses a combination of time based and event based simulation. Through the combination of time and event, it is possible to capture all movements within the terminal for individual vehicles. The simulation model is built in the software Vissim. A new travel centre for Norrköping is under development. Among the reasons for a new travel centre is the railway project Ostlänken in the eastern part of Sweden. An evaluation of the bus terminal is interesting due to a suspicion of overcapacity and the opportunity of redesigning. To investigate both the terminal capacity and the terminal logic, three scenarios were implemented. Scenario 1: Current design and frequency Scenario 2: Current design with higher frequency Scenario 3: Decreased number of bus stops with current frequency The results from the scenarios confirm the assumption of overcapacity. The capacity was evaluated based on several different measures, all indicating a low utilization. Even so, the utilization was uneven over time and congestion could still occur when several buses departed at the same time. This was also seen when studying the simulation, which showed congestions when several buses departed at the same time. The case study established the terminal logic to be useful when evaluating capacity at bus terminals. It provides a good understanding of how the terminal operates and captures the movements. However, it was time-consuming to adjust the logic to the studied terminal. This is a disadvantage when investigating more than one alternative. The thesis resulted in two main conclusions. Firstly, a more optimised planning of the buses at Norrköping bus terminal would probably be achievable and lead to less congestions at the exits. Secondly, the terminal logic is a good method to use when evaluating bus terminals but it is not straight forward to implement.
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Li, Siu-wah. "A study of covered bus terminus design and air quality issues /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37120256.
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Engelbrecht, Louise. "A decision support tool for capacity designing of BRT stations using discrete-event simulation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5226.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the capacity of a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) station in Cape Town. A bus rapid transit system is a high-capacity public transportation system that carries passengers from one point to another, providing a service that is faster and more efficient than an ordinary bus line. The implementation of these systems is increasing rapidly worldwide, serving as a solution to decrease traffic congestion. The capacity of the proposed bus station, known as the Thibault Station, is investigated in the study by developing a simulation model. The aim is to develop a stochastic simulation model, which represents the flow of passengers throughout the station so that the station capacity can be investigated. By developing a stochastic model as opposed to a deterministic model, elements of uncertainty can be included into the model, thereby representing a system that is closer to the real-life situation under investigation. The majority of BRT systems, as well as past studies undertaken on the Thibault Station, are designed using deterministic calculations. The study commences by researching literature on BRT systems and focuses on the current methods used to calculate station capacity requirements. Thereafter, the concept of simulation is introduced. Simulation is the method chosen to model and evaluate the passenger and bus operations at the Thibault Station. The study presents the methods used to build and verify the simulation model. This is done to familiarise the user with a number of aspects of the model. The model can then be used as a tool to investigate capacity parameters and alternative designs or scenarios. Using the results of these investigations, decisions can ultimately be made regarding the planning and design components of any bus rapid transit station given that the model is adapted. Scenario results, as well as interpretations of performance measurements, are presented at the end of the study. The results can be used for more realistic design of BRT stations using stochastic modelling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die kapasiteit van „n hoëspoed bus vervoer stelsel (BRT). Die ondersoek is gebaseer op „n voorgestelde bus stelsel vir Kaapstad. „n BRT-stelsel is „n hoë-kapasiteit publieke vervoerstelsel wat passasiers van een punt na „n ander vervoer, deur „n diens te verskaf wat vinniger en meer doeltreffend is as „n gewone bus stelsel. Die implementering van hierdie tipe stelsels neem wêreldwyd toe en dien as „n oplossing om verkeersopeenhopings te verminder. Die spesifieke busstasie wat ondersoek word staan bekend as die Thibault Stasie van Kaapstad se BRT-stelsel. Die kapasiteit van die stasie word ondersoek deur middel van simulasiemodellering. Die doel is om „n stogastiese simulasiemodel wat die vloei van passasiers modelleer te ontwikkel ten einde die kapasiteit van die stasie te ondersoek. Deur „n stogastiese model in plaas van „n deterministiese model te gebruik, kan elemente van onsekerheid ingesluit word. Dit verteenwoordig dus „n stelsel wat nader aan die werklikheid is. Tans word meeste BRT-stelsels ontwerpe gebaseer op deterministiese berekeninge, asook historiese studies wat onderneem is oor die Thibault Stasie. Die studie begin deur literatuur oor BRT-stelsels te bestudeer en fokus daarna op die huidige metodes wat gebruik word om die vereiste kapasiteit van „n busstasie te bepaal. Die konsep van simulasie word daarna voorgestel. Simulasie is die metode wat in die studie gebruik word om die passasier- en busaktiwiteite van die Thibault Stasie te modelleer en te evalueer. Die studie verskaf die metodes wat gebruik word vir die ontwikkeling en geldigmaak van die simulasiemodel. Gebruikers word op dié manier blootgestel aan die verskillende aspekte van die model. Nadat die gebruikers vertroud is met sekere aspekte van die model, word die model verder uiteengesit en word daar verduidelik hoe dit as „n instrument om kapasiteit parameters en alternatiewe ontwerpe van busstasies te ondersoek kan dien. Die resultate van die model kan gebruik word om beplannings- en ontwerpbesluite van enige busstasie te neem. Aan die einde van die studie word scenarioresultate bekendgestel, asook die interpretasie daarvan. Die resultate kan gebruik word vir meer realistiese ontwerp van BRT-stasies met behulp van stogastiese simulasie modellering.
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Kelt, Andrew. "Public transport buildings of metropolitan Adelaide, 1839-1900 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHM/09arhmk29.pdf.
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Pienaar, Wessel Johannes. "The economic evaluation of bus and minibus taxi terminals and transfer facilities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4576.
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Thesis (PhD (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 1998.147 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages i-v and numbered pages 1-1 to 8-8. Includes bibliography,list of figures and tables. Digitized using a Hp Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR).
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation describes the functions of bus and minibus taxi terminals and transfer facilities. Planning, design and evaluation guidelines are proposed. These proposals are aimed at the following aspects: the geometric features and functional layout of facilities in order to enhance the effective usage thereof by passengers, as well as the smooth flow of vehicles; the location of facilities and traffic control arrangements, which take cognisance of effective traffic flow as well as acceptable walking distance by commuters; and an evaluation methodology which addresses allocative efficiency from an economic viewpoint, supplemented by analysis guidelines which consider distributive efficiency from a viewpoint of equitable distribution of welfare. It is explained how benefits for travellers, the transit operator and the subsidizing authority, and the opportunity costs of supplying the facility can be determined. A model is proposed whereby the non-monetary component of generalised travel costs can be estimated. The use of economic evaluation techniques for the selection and prioritisation of projects is detailed. This is supplemented by an example of an economic evaluation of a proposed bus/minibus taxi terminal. Subsequently it is examined how the design and effectiveness of a real world passenger transport terminal could be affected by the use of the guidelines proposed in the dissertation. The dissertation, lastly, deals with welfare distribution and the more equitable community accessibility and mobility which can be brought about by the creation and use of passenger transport terminals and transfer facilities. Also discussed is the accommodation of welfare distribution with an economic evaluation as a means of achieving greater equity or fairness and the ways in which this can be done.
AFRIKANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif beskryf die funksies van bus- en minibustaxivervoereindpunte en oorstapfasiliteite. Beplannings-, ontwerp- en evalueringsriglyne word voorgestel. Die voorsteUe is gerig op die volgende aspekte: (1) Die geometriese en funksionele uitieg om die doeltreffende gebruik deur passasiers en vloei van voertuie te bevorder; (2) fasiliteitplasing en verkeersbeheermaatreels wat vlot voertuigbeweging sowel as aanvaarbare stapafstand in ag neem; en (3) 'n evalueringsmetodologie wat toewysingsdoeltreffendheid vanuit 'n ekonomiese oogpunt en verdelingsdoeltreffendheid vanuit 'n billike welvaartsverdelingsoogpunt in ag neem. Dit word verduidelik hoe voordele vir reisigers, die transit-operateur en die subsidierende owerheid, en die geleentheidskoste van fasiliteitsvoorsiening bepaal kan word. 'n Model word voorgestel waarvolgens die nie-monetere gedeelte van veralgemeende reiskoste beraam kan word. Die gebruik van ekonomiese evalueringstegnieke vir die keuse en prioritisering van projekte word verskaf. Dit word aangevul met 'n voorbeeld van 'n ekonomiese evaluering van 'n voorgestelde bus/minibustaxi-eindpunt. Vervolgens word dit ondersoek hoe die ontwerp en doeltreffendheid van 'n werklike passasiervervoereindpunt deur die gebruik van die voorgestelde riglyne beinvloed kan word. Ten slotte word welvaartverdeling en die groter toeganklikheid en beweeglikheid behandel wat binne 'n gemeenskap geskep kan word deur die voorsiening en gebruik van passasiersvervoereindpunte en oorstapfasiliteite. Dit word bespreek hoe 'n ekonomiese evaluering aangepas kan word as 'n maatreel om billikheid te bevorder.
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Nyblin, Jerker, and Mohammad Al-Mousa. "Modelling Layover Parking Capacity in Bus Terminals : A Case Study of Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276734.
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Public bus services play a pivotal role in urban public transport systems, they represent the flexible fragment of the mass transit chain in Stockholm county. It extends the high-capacity rail services reach by creating local connections to rail stations, by creating connections between local centres and by creating direct connections during peak hours to relieve the rail system. As Stockholm continues to grow, there is an increased demand on bus services and its facilities which has created challenges in providing suitably dimensioned bus terminals. Even though public transport operators have been using computerised solutions to optimise their operational schedule for vehicles and employees, the increased intensity of public bus services has resulted in an increased demand for layover parking capacity in bus terminals. Several bus terminals in the Stockholm region are reaching their maximum capacity. Layover parking capacity issues are indirectly causing bus service delays and municipalities have strong interests in minimising the land use of bus terminals since they occupy attractive land near other public transport services such as underground and over-ground train services. The layover parking capacity issue leads to increasing operational cost, increasing environmentally unsound deadheading, and decreasing service resilience against service abnormalities. The Public Transport Administration (Trafikförvaltningen) of the Region Stockholm recognises the need to have efficient land use for terminals. One of the most important aspects of a bus terminal’s land use is dimensioning the bus layover parking facility. The proper design and the sufficient dimensioning of a bus layover parking facility is an essential need for operators’ traffic planners to optimise their vehicle and crew schedules in order to provide a reliable, punctual, efficient and environmentally friendly service with minimal operationally inefficient deadheading between terminals. In this master’s thesis, a study was carried out on bus terminals in Stockholm county. The study included literature review, field studies and a survey targeting public bus operators. The aim of the study was to create a model that estimates the optimum bus layover parking capacity at early planning stages for efficient bus operations in different bus terminals in Stockholm county. The resulting model was derived by means of regression analysis from a sample of bus terminals identified according to the findings of the survey. The study found several bus service and bus terminal attributes that act as predictors for the optimum layover parking capacity, such as service frequency in the terminal and trip durations. In addition to what the guidelines of Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual 2013 suggest, this study considered the effect of scheduled connections between buses and the commuter trains, without the need of providing detailed information of the schedules of bus services.Busstrafiken spelar en viktig roll i dagens kollektivtrafiksystem och i Stockholm utgör busstrafiken den flexibla delen av kollektivtrafikutbudet. Busstrafiken utökar de kapacitetsstarka spårbundna färdmedlens täckningsområde genom att erbjuda kundnära anslutningstrafik till och från spårtrafiksstationer, skapar förbindelser mellan lokala centrum och avlastar spårtrafiken genom att skapa direkta förbindelser under rusningstid. Efterfrågan på busstrafik och dess infrastruktur ökar i den alltjämt växande stockholmsregionen och detta skapar utmaningar i att tillhandahålla välanpassad bussterminalkapacitet. Busstrafikutövarna använder datoriserade trafik-optimeringsverktyg för att optimera nyttjandet av fordon och personal men behovet av bussuppställningsplatser ökar alltjämt med ett växande busstrafikutbud. Nyttjandet i flera bussterminaler i stockholmsregionen närmar sig sin maxkapacitet. Bussuppställningsplatsbrist leder indirekt till förseningar och kommuner har starka incitament för att minimera bussterminalernas storlek, detta då de ofta upptar värdefull mark i spårtrafiknära lägen. Brist på bussuppställningsplatskapacitet leder till höjda operativa kostnader, fler miljöskadliga tomkörningar och försämrad motståndskraft mot trafikproduktionsavvikelser. Trafikförvaltningen i Region Stockholm är av åsikten att bussterminalers mark-användning måste vara effektiv och en av de viktigaste aspekterna av bussterminalers markanspråk är ytan för bussuppställning. Välutformade bussterminaler med adekvat bussuppställningsplatskapacitet är däremot ett krav för att trafikutövarna ska kunna köra pålitlig, punktlig, effektiv busstrafik med lägsta miljöpåverkan och med minimalt antal tomkörningar som inte är motiverade för att höja trafikproduktions-effektiviteten. I denna masteruppsats redogörs för en studie som gjordes av bussterminalerna i Stockholms län. I studien ingick litteraturanalys, fältstudier och en enkät-undersökning. Målet med studien var att skapa en modell för skattning av bussuppställningsplatskapacitetsoptimum som kan användas tidigt i planerings-arbetet för ny- eller ombyggnation av bussterminaler i Stockholms län. Med hjälp av regressionsanalys utvecklades en modell utifrån resultatet från enkätundersökningen och studien fann flera busstrafikerings- och bussterminal-attribut som tjänar som förklaringsvariabler för bussuppställningsplatskapacitets-optimum, såsom turtäthet och körtider. I tillägg till riktlinjerna som föreslås av Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual 2013 tar denna studie även hänsyn till frekvensen hos tidspassade anslutningar mot annan kollektivtrafik men utan att kräva detaljerad tidtabellsinformation.
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Li, Siu-wah, and 李兆鏵. "A study of covered bus terminus design and air quality issues." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013391.
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Берегеля, А. О., and В. П. Ковальський. "Принципи формування архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальних комплексів на прикладі проекту центрального автовокзалу у місті Вінниця." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2018. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/22661.
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Досліджено і проаналізовано закордонний та вітчизняний досвід проектування автовокзальних комплексів у містах-супутниках, виявлені особливості їх формування. Удосконалено класифікацію існуючих автовокзальних комплексів. Розвинуто класифікацію автовокзальких комплексів, за використанням простору, яка впливає на принципи формування. Комплексний аналіз факторів, особливостей та вимог дозволив визначити і обгрунтувати основні принципи формування та фактори які характеризують закономірність формування принципів архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальких комплексів. На основі проведеного дослідження визначені, обґрунтовані та відокремленні від внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів , загальні фактори.The foreign and domestic experience of designing bus and coach complexes in satellite cities was investigated and analyzed, features of their formation were revealed. The classification of existing bus terminals has been improved. The classification of bus and coach complexes is developed, using space that affects the principles of formation. Complex analysis of factors, features and requirements allowed to determine and justify the basic principles of formation and factors that characterize the pattern of formation of principles of architectural and planning decisions of bus and coach complexes. On the basis of the conducted research, the general factors are determined, substantiated and separated from internal and external factors
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Silveira, Christopher. "User information and the bus stop: designs and applications in the United States and Canada." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47530.
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Bus stops are interwoven into the urban landscape, providing direct access to the transit system and offering upfront information to users. This contact creates an ever-present opportunity for transit agencies to market their services to the public and attract ridership. The purpose of this thesis is to help transit agencies exploit this opportunity through the development and deployment of user information. The thesis examines how agencies are leveraging bus stop infrastructure in the United States and Canada. Site visits were conducted at twenty-nine transit agencies across the continent with observations photographed and processed into matrices. The photographs provide examples of innovative ways in which agencies have employed elements, while the matrices reveal the current state of the practice. The thesis concludes with recommendations for the conceptualization and development of bus stop signage that integrate many of these innovative elements as well as ADA regulations to improve user information at transit agencies.
The findings of this thesis may be of interest to transit agencies that are seeking to construct a new or improve upon an existing user information system as well as to those interested in or studying public transit, wayfinding, or environmental graphic design. While there exists a large degree of difference as to the level of information that is made available to users in different transit agencies, all agencies have room to improve.
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Croeser, Sophia Louw. "Interfacing Marabastad." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05182005-112742.
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Mendoza, Francis, Mayling Tong, Manuel Silvera, and Fernando Campos. "Microsimulation of Public Transport Stops for the Optimization of Waiting Times for Users Using the Social Force Model." Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653780.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Cities in the world aim to ensure the mobility of people, through the implementation of efficient Integrated Transportation Systems (ITS). This aims to improve the transport of people, which guarantees that they can be mobilized safely and without delays in the terminals and bus stops of the public transport system. The present article proposes a design of public transport stops aimed at optimizing the waiting time of users when transferring from one bus to another. For the validity of the proposal, the social force model of the Vissim program was used, where the behavior of the users within the bus stops was reflected. The results showed that the waiting times in the calibrated and validated microsimulation model were optimized by approximately 20%, which generates an improvement in the efficiency of the public transport system.
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Ferri, Denis. "O terminal de ônibus urbano e a estrutura da cidade: análise da formação tipológica dos terminais e seu papel na estruturação da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-11092018-162442/.
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O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar a relação entre a estrutura da cidade e a implantação de terminais de ônibus em São Paulo, tendo em vista o papel definidor do ambiente urbano na definição de sua tipologia. Através de análise histórica, busco compreender o surgimento deste com as iniciativas de estruturação de um sistema de ônibus integrado. A hipótese é que o terminal, apesar de poder se tornar um poderoso agente de estruturação e transformação urbana, e estimular a criação de uma rede de centralidades no território urbanizado, segue a lógica espacial e antiurbana do urbanismo funcionalista, de maneira a desagregar socioespacialmente seu entorno. O trabalho se propõem a compreender a estruturação dos tipos arquitetônicos implantados para os terminais de ônibus urbanos a partir da década de 1970, através da análise morfotipológica dos terminais de ônibus urbanos Bandeira, Princesa Isabel e Lapa. Neste sentido, o trabalho visa compreender: (1) o papel da infraestrutura de mobilidade como agente de indução do espaço urbano na formação de centralidade e urbanidade; e, (2) a estruturação da tipologia arquitetônica do terminal de ônibus.The objective of the research is to investigate the relationship between the city structure and the bus terminal in São Paulo, considering the defining role of the urban environment in the definition of its typology. Through historical analysis, I try to understand the emergence of this with the initiatives of structuring an integrated bus system. The hypothesis is that the terminal, despite being able to become a powerful agent for urban structuring and transformation, and to stimulate the creation of a network of centralities in the urbanized territory, follows the spatial and anti-urban logic of the urban functionalism in order to disaggregate socio-spatial environment. The work proposes to understand the structuring of the architectural types implanted for the urban bus terminals from the 1970\'s, through the morpho-typological analysis of the urban bus terminals Bandeira, Princesa Isabel and Lapa. In this sense, the work aims to understand: (1) the role of the mobility infrastructure as an agent of induction of the urban space in the formation of centrality and urbanity; and, (2) the structuring of the architectural typology of the bus terminal.
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Bröderman, Skeppe Veronica. "Hidden Within : A metro station and a bus terminal in Nacka." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123066.
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This diploma project is about the relationship between building and ground. My interest has been in an excavating process in which landscape and architecture is treated in the same manner. With this I want to achieve an ambiguous and a non-hierarchic relationship between ground and building. Hidden within a landscape is a metro station for an extension of the blue line and a bus terminal for buses to Nacka and Värmdö. The project is a composite of landscape and building, substrates, bedrock, concrete and wood. Alejandro Zaera Polo writes in his text "The Politics of the Envelope" about "the Flat-Horizontal Envelope" which are buildings with larger horizontal dimensions than vertical. These are buildings that because of its vastnes act as a boundary in the urban settings. A Bus Terminal is often of this category. With my proposal of diffusing the relationship between building and ground and speculations on letting the ground become the envelope of the building I suggest a development of the flat-horizontal envelope typology. My proposal is not an urban boundary. On the contrary it invites and allow for passing across and engage in the building.Det här examensarbete handlar om relationen mellan byggnad och mark. Mitt intresset har legat i en utgrävande process i vilken landskap och byggnad behandlas på samma sätt. Med det vill jag uppnå en oklar eller tvetydig relation mellan mark och byggnad. En icke hirarkisk relation. Gömd innuti landskapet ligger en tunnelbanestation, som är slutstaionen på en förlängning av blå linjen österut. Samt en bussterminal för bussar mot Nacka och Värmdö. Projektet är en komposit av landskap och byggnad, jord, berggrund, betong och trä. Alejandro Zaera Polo skriver i sin text "The Politics of the Envelope" om "den platta och horisontella fasaden". Det är byggnader med större horisontell dimension än vertikal. Det är byggnader, som pågrund av sin storlek och utsträkthet blir bariärer i det urbana landskapet. En bussterminal tillhör ofta den här kategorien av byggnad. Med mitt förslag, som handlar om att sudda ut gränsen mellan byggnad och mark och dessutom spekulera om att låta själva marken vara byggnadens fasad, så föreslår jag en utveckling av typologin "den platta - horisontella fasaden". Mitt förslag är ingen bariär. Utan motsattsen. Mitt förslag bjuder in till att pasera över och igenom.
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Ghosh, Somnath. "A cost effective token bus architecture for terminal support local area networks." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250652.
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Hugo, Jan Marais. "Switch a BRT terminal as change generator at Pretoria Main Station." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30291.
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The study responds to the increasing effect that climate change has on earth and society. In a global context of rapid urbanization and population growth the project aims to establish the role that architecture can play in the mitigation of climate change. It addresses the embodied energy and carbon footprint of architecture in an urban context. The architectural building type that will be investigated is a transport interchange, specifically the BRT terminal at Pretoria Main Station and associated prototypical BRT stations. An architectural response that promotes public transport use will be investigated. The proposed transport interchange will act as a seam to linking Salvokop with the city, while linking the whole of Tshwane. The architectural intervention will use strategies to respond to predicted climate changes for Tshwane, and adopt strategies to mitigate it. Architectural technologies will be investigated to ensure that the structure has a low carbon footprint and low embodied energy. Through energy conscious design strategies the energy use of the structure will be kept to a minimum. The design will also address the social and historical context of the Pretoria Main Station, to ensure a coherent transport interchange that integrates all modes of transport. The design will contribute to the historical character of the site with an ecosystemic layered approach, adding new functions and layers to the existing, to ensure its adaptability and sustainability. This study forms the part of a departmental research study through the department of Architecture at Pretoria University - “Environmental potential” and the United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] and Global Environment Facility [GEF]. It aims to comply with the prerequisites for an M[Prof]Arch degree while achieving the goals and objectives set by the research study.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
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Vinklárková, Eliška. "Hranice – redefinice městské struktury." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401814.
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The aim of the thesis is to introduce the concept of the transport terminal in Hranice. The new building brings together bus and train station building services and creates a dignified gateway to the city. The building also serves as a local center of public facilities and local disruption of the barrier formed by the railway within the city.
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Norato, Helida Mara Gomes. "Análise do período transiente da simulação de sistemas não terminais." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8USLAX.
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The selection of a suitable warm-up period for a discrete-event simulation is still a difficult choice to determine. Some methods have been developed and will be briefly reviewed here. There are still no definitive criteria for choosing a particular method among existing ones. We discuss some existing methods and compared with a novelmethodology implemented. A performance analysis for the methods will be exposed by an evaluation procedure for comparison. The methods are applied to the output generated by a simple work model with different levels of utilization. Some metrics will be used to investigate the efficiency of each method compared to the novel proposal implemented. Results are presented which can be divided into two groups. Initially, a firstmodel, M/M/1 queue, used as a validation technique for the proposal. A study was conducted for different intensity levels. We investigated the efficiency of the proposed method and also the quality evolution of the estimates presented as the traffic intensity in the model test is increasing. The second model evaluated, M/M/C queues, with dif-ferent values c for each of the procedures provided in series was used for comparison procedure between the methods for the detection of the appropriate warm-up period. The individual results of each method and also the comparison between different techniques were evaluated. These results, ensure that the novel proposal can be effectively considered as a valid technique for procedures that require the estimation of warm-upperiods.A seleção de um período de aquecimento adequado para uma simulação de eventos discretos ainda é uma escolha de difícil determinação. Alguns métodos já foram desenvolvidos e serão brevemente revistos aqui. Ainda não existem critérios definitivospara a escolha de um método específico dentre os existentes. Serão discutidos alguns dos métodos existentes e comparados com uma nova metodologia implementada.Uma análise de desempenho dos métodos será exposta através de um procedimento avaliativo para comparação. Os métodos serão aplicados para saídas geradas por um modelo simples de trabalho com diferentes níveis de utilização. Algumas métricas serão utilizadas para averiguação da eficiência de cada um dos métodos em comparação com a nova proposta implementada. São apresentados resultados que podem ser divididos em dois grupos. Inicialmente, um primeiro modelo, de filas M/M/1, utilizado como técnica de validação para a proposta apresentada. Foi realizado um estudo para diferentes níveis de congestionamento. Foi verificada a eficiência do método proposto e também a evolução do padrão de qualidade das estimativas apresentadas à medida que a intensidade do tráfego no modelo em estudo vai aumentando. O segundo modelo avaliado, com filas M/M/c, com diferentes valores c para cada um dos procedimentos dispostos em série foi utilizado para o procedimento de comparação entre os métodos em estudo para a detecção do adequado período de aquecimento. Os resultados individuais de cada método e também os comparativos entre as diversas técnicas foram avaliados. Estes resultados, garantem que a nova técnica proposta pode ser efetivamente considerada como uma técnica válida para procedimentos que requerem a estimação de períodos de aquecimento.
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Machado, Ana Carolina Serra Duarte Vasconcelos. "Síntese e caracterização de oligômeros termossensíveis com grupos terminais reativos via polimerizaçãoradicalar controlada." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8WCP3M.
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N-isopropylacrylamide oligomers with a single reactive functional carboxyl end-group in their chain were synthesized at 70°C/5h, by using DMF as a solvent, by controlled radical polymerization technique. The 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile was used as chemical initiator and the acid 3-mercaptopropionic as chain transfer and functionalization agent of the oligomer as well. The reagents concentrations were kept constant, with the exception of the chain transfer agent. Afterwards, five values for the ratio between the molar concentration of the acid 3-mercaptopropionic and the monomer were defined: 0,025 0,05 0,0625 0,075 0,1. The polymer was characterized by its molar mass, degree of polymerization, reaction yield and kinetic study of the homopolymerization and, with the purpose of verifying the presence of the functionality onto molecular oligomer, infrared spectrometer analyses were done. From the statistical analysis of the data by simple linear regression, it was observed that the values of the numerical average molar mass and the degree of polymerization had decreased linearly with the increase of the MPA/NIPAAm molar ratio. Concerning the percentage of reactional yield, it was possible to conclude that the obtained results were weakly influenced by the explanatory variable. Concerning the kinetic study of the reaction, there was no observed correlation. In the spectra obtained by FTIR analysis the characteristic bands of the oligomer formed were identified, highlighting the success of the polymerization process.Oligômeros de N-isopropilacrilamida contendo um grupo carboxila reativo na porção terminal da cadeia foram sintetizados 70°C/5h, em DMF como solvente, pela técnica de polimerização radicalar controlada. Utilizou-se o 2,2-azobisisobutironitrila como iniciador químico e o ácido 3-mercaptopropiônico como agente de transferência de cadeia e também de funcionalização do oligômero. As concentrações dos reagentes foram mantidas constantes, com exceção do agente de transferência de cadeia. Logo, definiram-se cinco valores para a razão entre a concentração molar do ácido 3-mercaptopropiônico e do monômero: 0,025 0,05 0,0625 0,075 0,1. Os oligômeros foram caracterizados quanto à massa molar, grau de polimerização, rendimento reacional, estudo cinético da homopolimerização e, com o intuito de verificar a presença da funcionalidade na molécula do oligômero, realizaram-se análises de espectroscopia no infravermelho. A partir da análise estatística dos dados por regressão linear simples, observou-se que os valores de massa molar numérica média e o grau de polimerização decresceram linearmente com o aumento da razão molar MPA/NIPAAm. Quanto ao percentual de rendimento reacional, foi possível concluir que os resultados encontrados foram fracamente influenciados pela variável explicativa. Já quanto ao estudo cinético da reação, não houve correlação. Nos espectros obtidos nas análises de FTIR observou-se as bandas características do oligômero formado, evidenciando o êxito do processo de polimerização.
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Jetmar, Jiří. "Dopravní terminál Broumov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265299.
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The purpose of the thesis is to design new bus terminal and suggest reconstruction of a road in the street Nadrážní in town Broumov. Thesis deals with the appropriate design of arrangement of bus stops. Part of the thesis is design of reasonable width arrangement of the road in the street Nádražní. Furthermore there is a design of parking spaces for personal vehicles, design of communications for pedestrians and suggestion for appropriate usage of remaining areas.
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Higa, Caio Vinicius. "Políticas de transporte coletivo em São Paulo entre 2001 e 2010: meio ambiente construído, sistemas técnicos e organização dos serviços de transporte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-15032013-113927/.
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A presente pesquisa analisará as características das políticas de transporte coletivo no Município de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2001 e 2010. Partindo do entendimento do modelo de desenvolvimento urbano vigente, o qual priorizou o transporte privado sobre rodas, individual, além de um perfil sócio-espacial segregador procuraremos definir quais foram as principais ações realizadas neste setor, considerando: a evolução histórica das políticas de transporte a partir do início do século XX; principais políticas públicas de transporte a partir de 2001 (implementações de corredores de ônibus, integração de modais, implantação de bilhete único etc); análise das repercussões destas políticas na dinâmica concreta da mobilidade urbana. Também pretendemos interpretar as relações das administrações municipais que governaram a cidade nesse período (gestão Marta Suplicy 2001 - 2004 - gestão José Serra/Gilberto Kassab 2005 - 2008 - e gestão Gilberto Kassab 2009 - 2010) com os principais agentes urbanos envolvidos (elite política municipal, empresários e empreendedores urbanos, sociedade civil e usuários de transportes públicos e privados, principalmente) e outros grupos de interesse, analisando de que maneira e por meio de quais instrumentos as políticas públicas de mobilidade urbana foram desenvolvidas.This research aims to analyze the characteristics of collective transportation policies in São Paulo, between 2001 and 2010. Based on the understanding of the current urban development model, which gave priority to individual and private transport on wheels, as well as a socio-spatial segregated role - we will try to define what were the main actions undertaken in this sector, considering: the historical evolution of transport policies from the early twentieth century, major public transport policy since 2001 (implementation of bus corridors, modal integration, implementation of the Bilhete Único ticket etc.), analysis of the impact of these policies on the dynamics of the urban mobility. We also intend to interpret the relationships between the municipal administrations that governed the city during this period (governments of Suplicy - 2001 2004, Serra / Gilberto Kassab - 2005 2008, and Gilberto Kassab - from 2009 to 2010) with the main agents involved with the urban dynamics (municipal political elite, businessmen and urban entrepreneurs, civil society and users of public and private transport, mainly) and other interest groups, analyzing how and through which instruments the urban mobility public policies have been developed.
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Chen, Aijing. "Bus Transit Passenger Origin-Destination Flow Estimation: Capturing Terminal Carry-Over Movements Using the Iterative Proportional Fitting Method." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593675738643412.
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Auman, Tzach, Barbara M. I. Vreede, Aryeh Weiss, Susan D. Hester, Terri A. Williams, Lisa M. Nagy, and Ariel D. Chipman. "Dynamics of growth zone patterning in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus." COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624657.
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We describe the dynamic process of abdominal segment generation in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. We present detailed morphological measurements of the growing germband throughout segmentation. Our data are complemented by cell division profiles and expression patterns of key genes, including invected and even-skipped as markers for different stages of segment formation. We describe morphological and mechanistic changes in the growth zone and in nascent segments during the generation of individual segments and throughout segmentation, and examine the relative contribution of newly formed versus existing tissue to segment formation. Although abdominal segment addition is primarily generated through the rearrangement of a pool of undifferentiated cells, there is nonetheless proliferation in the posterior. By correlating proliferation with gene expression in the growth zone, we propose a model for growth zone dynamics during segmentation in which the growth zone is functionally subdivided into two distinct regions: a posterior region devoted to a slow rate of growth among undifferentiated cells, and an anterior region in which segmental differentiation is initiated and proliferation inhibited.
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Canduzini, Hugo Antonio. "Síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3-triazóis via reação de cicloadição [3+2] de azidas e acetilenos terminais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-07032013-094439/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar a síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3- triazóis empregando o uso de reações do tipo \"Click-chemistry\", que é uma abordagem para a síntese de diversos compostos com base em reações de formação de ligação carbono-heteroátomo, onde a reação é estereoespecífica, altamente eficiente e geralmente com elevados rendimentos e em alguns casos ausência de subprodutos. O composto 1,2,3-triazol, sendo o material de partida para a continuidade do projeto foi preparado a partir do álcool propargílico (4) em presença de uma azida orgânica (1) e utilizando cobre(I) como agente promotor. Após a obtenção de uma série de compostos 1,2,3-triazólicos (2), procedeu-se a etapa de tosilação da hidroxila e posterior cicloadição multicomponente de um novo 1,2,3-triazol formando compostos bis-triazólicos. Os bis-triazóis (5) obtidos foram testados frente a cepas fúngicas, responsáveis por dermatites, com resultados satisfatórios. Ainda essas estruturas poderão ser empregados como blocos construtores para a síntese de estruturas mais complexas.The aim of this work has been exploring the synthesis and functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles employing the use of \"click-chemistry\" concept, which is defined as an approach for synthesis of various compounds based on reactions of carbon-heteroatom bond formation, which the reaction is stereospecific, high-efficiently, commonly gives high yields and in some cases no by-products are formed. The compound 1,2,3-triazole, which is the main starting material for the next steps was prepared from propargyl alcohol (4) in the presence of an organic azide (1) and copper(I) as a reaction promoter. Subsequently with a series of 1,2,3-triazole (2n) prepared we proceeded to the next step which is the substitution of hydroxyl for a tosyl group and after that a multicomponent cycloaddition of a new 1,2,3-triazole compound forming bis-triazoles. Bis-triazoles (5) were tested against fungal strains, responsible for dermatitis, with delighted results, furhtermore this class of strutures can be used as building blocks to improve efficiency in some other more complex structure.
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Berrebi, Simon Jonas Youna. "A real-time bus dispatching policy to minimize headway variance." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51899.
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Transit agencies include buffer time in their schedules to maintain stable headways and avoid bus bunching. In this work, a real-time holding mechanism is proposed to dispatch buses on a loop-shaped route, solely based on operating conditions in real-time. Holds are applied at the terminal station to minimize the expected variance of bus headways at departure. The bus-dispatching problem is formulated as a stochastic decision process. The optimality equations are derived and structural properties of the optimal policy are inferred by backward induction. The exact optimal holding policy is then found in closed form, as a function of the expected travel time of buses currently running. A simulation assuming stochastic operating conditions and unstable headway dynamics is performed to assess the expected average waiting time of passengers at stations. The proposed control strategy is found to provide lower passenger waiting time and better resiliency than methods recommended in the literature and used in practice.
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RAMOS, Beatriz Peixoto. "AVALIAÇÃO HISTOLOGICA DE PULMÃO DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA NELORE TERMINADOS A PASTO E EM CONFINAMENTO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/914.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-13Most Brazilian states have common features, as the problems that affect the health of animals. Infectious and contagious diseases, parasites, and metabolic deficiencies, are of great importance, directly interfering in economic indicators. Respiratory diseases have highlighted the various systems of breeding cattle, because they have lung particular characteristics making them more vulnerable to diseases of the respiratory system. There are no confirmed reports that in feedlot of dirt would be a case of pneumonia higher compared to other systems to create due to the high population density, stress and dust. Therefore, the objective of this project is to assess the level of changes in lung tissue of cattle Nelore finished under confinement conditions compared to the finished under grazing. We used 96 animals, 48 animals raised on pasture (AP) and 48 animals from confinement (AC). These were identified in the corral of waiting, with the slaughter line and perform a collection of fragments of the cranial lobe and the median on the ramp inspection. The samples were fixed in buffered solution of formol 10%, preserved in alcohol at 70% and histological processed, making the color of slides with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the optical microscope analysis. Initially the data were submitted to descriptive statistics and later to the chi-square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. None of the evaluated parameters was influenced by the different lobes and different systems of termination
A maioria dos estados brasileiros apresentam características comuns, quanto aos problemas que afetam a saúde dos animais. Enfermidades infecto-contagiosas, parasitárias, metabólicas e carências, são de grande importância, interferindo diretamente nos indicadores econômicos. As doenças respiratórias possuem destaque nos vários sistemas de criação de bovinos, devido estes terem características pulmonares particulares tornando-os mais vulneráveis às patologias do sistema respiratório. Existem relatos não comprovados de que em confinamentos de terra batida haveria uma casuística maior de pneumonias comparado a outros sistemas de criação devido à alta densidade populacional, estresse e poeira. Portanto, o objetivo desse projeto é avaliar o nível de alterações teciduais em pulmões de bovinos da raça Nelore terminados sob condições de confinamento em comparação aos terminados a pasto. Foram utilizados 96 animais, sendo 48 animais criados a pasto (AP) e 48 animais terminados em confinamento (AC), abatidos na empresa frigorífica FRIBOI. A colheita de fragmentos do lobo cranial e médio foi efetivada na plataforma de inspeção e logo após fixados em solução tamponada de formol a 10%, conservados em álcool a 70% e processados histotologicamente, fazendo a coloração das lâminas com hematoxilina e eosina (H&E). Foram avaliadas as alterações do interstício alveolar e as alterações dos condutos respiratórios. Inicialmente os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e posteriormente ao teste de Qui-quadrado, Fisher-Yates, Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. A maioria dos parâmetros avaliados não sofreram influência em relação aos diferentes lobos e diferentes sistemas de terminação.
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Biswas, Soma. "EFFECT OF LINKER CHEMISTRY AND TERMINAL SUBSTITUENTS ON THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PROPERTIES OF BIS(AZOBENZENE) MESOGENS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193436.
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Azobenzene upon photochemical E/Z isomerization changes both its shape and size. The E-azobenzene moiety falls in the class of calamitic liquid crystalline mesogens, producing a wide variety of mesophases. Two series of linear bis(azobenzene) compounds, one with phenyl benzoate linkage and the other with benzyl benzoate linkage were synthesized. The termini of these molecules ranged from a dodecyloxy chain to hydrophobic amphiphilic dendrons up to first generation. We determined the effects of both the linkages and generation number on the mesogenic properties of these compounds. Our results show that the mesogenic behavior of these bis(azobenzene) compounds are highly dependent on the linkages between individual azobenzenes and that for the bis(azobenzene) compounds of the phenyl benzoate series, generation number had an effect on the liquid crystalline mesophase of the compounds
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Alves, Wanderson Mendes. "Adaptação do método de Wiszniewski para agregar maiorexatidão à localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão com dados de um terminal." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8C8ESE.
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Transmission line automatic fault location using data from only one terminal (local terminal) takes into consideration some simplifications to allow the estimation without data from other terminal (remote terminal). The use of these methods, when the fault has high fault resistance, generally produces estimative with inacceptable high errorsintended to practical localization. In this work, adaptations were developed for the transmission line automatic fault location method proposed by Wiszniewski, which uses data from only local terminal,enabling greater accuracy to fault location routine. These adaptations are mainly based on the reformulation of the originally proposed equations in order to consider transmission line capacitive effect and the estimationof the current contribution of each terminal to the fault current, being the contribution from remote terminal estimated by mean of a classic short-circuit program. These two adaptations, specially the use of voltage and current values of remote terminal obtained from a classic short-circuit program, proved their efficiency improving the fault location result, even in high fault resistance events, and when the topology ofreal system and the modeled inside the short-circuit program are not the strictly the same. The objective of this work is to present the proposed adaptations and the obtained results from ATP (Alternative Transient Program) simulated cases and also from some real cases from Brazilian electric power system, corroborating that the proposed adaptations can improve the performance of the method originally proposed by Wiszniewski. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of theproposed adaptations, since fault location errors were less than five percent when the proposed method was used, errors that are adequate to practical transmission line fault location tasks.Localização automática de faltas em linhas de transmissão utilizando dados de apenas um dos terminais (terminal local) leva em consideração algumas simplificações para possibilitar o equacionamento sem as informações de tensão e corrente do terminal remoto. A utilização destes métodos em casos de faltas com considerável resistência de falta resulta normalmente em estimativas com elevados erros, inaceitáveis para as tarefas de localização.Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas adaptações para o método de localização automática de faltas em linhas de transmissão proposto por Wiszniewski, que utiliza medições de apenas um dos terminais, possibilitando uma maior exatidão à rotina de cálculo do ponto de falta.Essas adaptações consistem basicamente na reformulação das equações originariamente propostas, de modo a se considerar o efeito capacitivo da LT e a contribuição de corrente de cada um dos terminais da LT para o ponto de falta, sendo a contribuição do terminal remoto estimada a partir da utilização de programa clássico de cálculo de curto-circuito. Estas duas adaptações, em conjunto, mostraram ser eficazes no sentido de melhorar a estimação do ponto de falta,especialmente nos casos de elevada resistência de falta, mesmo quando a topologia do sistema real e a modelada no programa de curto-circuito apresentam algumas diferenças. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a formulação destas adaptações e os resultados de suas aplicações em casos simulados via ATP (Alternative Transient Program), bem como em alguns casos reais do sistema elétrico brasileiro, comprovando que as adaptações propostas podem melhorar sensivelmente o desempenho do método originalmente proposto por Wiszniewski. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a boa eficiência das adaptações propostas, sendo que em grande maioria dos casos simulados, os erros de estimação do ponto de falta são inferiores a dois por cento do comprimento total da LT, ficando o erro máximo abaixo de cinco por cento. Erros esses, adequados nas tarefas práticas de localização automática de faltas em linhas de transmissão.
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Bersan, Sergio Adriano Loureiro. "Estudo de uma coorte de pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal em hemodiálise em uma operadora de plano de saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8H2NT6.
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Introduction: This study aimed to describe epidemiological data and to compare clinical outcomes of end-stage renal disease in hemodialysis (HD) patients in a healthcare organization from 2004 to 2008. Methods: Data from a cohort of patients with ESRD incidents in HD were collected from the database of a healthcare organization by means of a business intelligence tool (Prodige®). Independent variables were sex, age, time elapsed between consultation with a nephrologist and beginning of HD, type of initial vascular access, diabetes mellitus (DM), death, duration of treatment, length of hospital stay (LHS) by year of treatment, number of hospital admissions, time as an enrollee, and type of health plan and coverage contracted with the healthcare organization. Dependent variables for survival analysis were time between beginning of HD and death. Dependent variable for analysis of factors associated with higher LHS by year of treatment was the total number of days spent in the hospital from the beginning of HD. Descriptive statistics, followed by the Pearson Qui-square test, were used for comparison between independent variables and the outcomes of death and LHS by year of treatment in univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis. The Cox method and logistic regression were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death and odds ratio (OR) of LHS higher than 45 days by year of treatment, respectively. The software STATA® 10.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: 311 patients with ESRD in HD were included in the study, with median age of 62 ± 16.6 years and 55.5% being male. Prevalence, but not incidence, showed a significant increase from the beginning to the end of the study. Survival analysis showed a higher mortality rate among older patients, patients that did not consult with a nephrologist, those with a catheter as the initial access to HD, patients with DM, and those who were admitted to the hospital within a month of beginning HD. The Cox method showed that HR of death was associated with older age, lack of consultation with a nephrologist, LHS by year of treatment higher than 45 days, and hospital admission within a month of beginning HD. Logistic regression showed increased OR for LHS higher than 45 days by year of treatment in patients aging from 45 to 64 years and decreased OR for this outcome in patients with an arteriovenous fistula as the first access to HD and in those who were in treatment for more than 12 months. Conclusion: Age profile of HD patients in the healthcare organization was similar to that reported in developed countries and, due to a higher prevalence among older patients, it is associated with a higher risk of death. Most deaths have occurred during the first year of treatment, and a higher risk was associated with lack of consultation with a nephrologist, hospital admission within the month of beginning HD, and LHS by year of treatment higher than 45 days. Consultation with a nephrologist and an arteriovenous fistula as first access to HD should be process indicators in the care of ESRD patients, aiming to reduce hospital admissions, LHS, and mortality.Introdução: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as características demográficas e a utilização de serviços de saúde relativos a atenção pré-dialítica, identificando as conseqüências sobre os desfechos, óbito e maior permanência hospitalar, de pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal (DRCT) em hemodiálise (HD) em uma operadora de planos de saúde, no período de 2004 a 2008. Material e métodos: Uma coorte de pacientes com DRCT incidentes em HD foi estudada a partir de registros no banco de dados administrativo da operadora. As variáveis independentes foram gênero, idade, consulta com nefrologista, primeiro acesso vascular, diabetes melito (DM), óbito, tempo em tratamento, internações, permanência hospitalar por ano de tratamento (PHAT), tempo de contrato, tipo de plano e tipo de cobertura do plano. As variáveis dependentes foram óbito e maior permanência hospitalar. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva seguida de teste Qui- Quadrado de Pearson na análise univariada para os desfechos óbito e maior PHAT e método de Kaplan-Meier para análise de sobrevida. O modelo de Cox e a regressão logística analisaram o risco para óbito e a chance para PHAT superior a 45 dias, respectivamente. Foi utilizada a ferramenta de BI (Business Intelligence) Prodige® para extração dos dados e o software STATA® 10.0 para a análise estatística. Resultados: Foram estudados 311 indivíduos em HD, 55,5% homens, idade média 62 ± 16,6 anos. A prevalência DRCT em HD foi crescente e significativa. Na análise de sobrevivência maior mortalidade ocorreu entre os mais idosos, nos que não realizaram consulta com nefrologista antes do início da HD, em quem utilizou cateter vascular temporário (CVT) como primeiro acesso para HD, entre os que permaneceram em tratamento hemodialítico por menos de um ano, nos portadores de DM e nos que internaram no mesmo mês do início da HD. No modelo de Cox associaram-se a maior risco para o óbito a idade mais avançada, à não realização de consulta prévia com nefrologista, uma maior PHAT as internações ocorridas no mesmo mês de início da HD. Uma PHAT superior a 45 dias foi associada à idade, a consulta com nefrologista primeiro acesso vascular, tempo de tratamento, diabetes melito e as internações que ocorreram no mesmo mês de início da HD. Na regressão logística ter entre 45 e 64 anos aumentou a chance de um PHAT superior a 45 dias em 4,4 vezes. Foram protetores para este desfecho a fístula arteriovenosa (FAV), como primeiro tipo de acesso vascular, e estar em tratamento hemodialítico por mais de 12 meses. Conclusão: O perfil etário na operadora entre os incidentes em HD assemelha-se ao de países desenvolvidos e, por ter prevalência maior de indivíduos mais idosos, associa-se a maior risco de óbito. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no primeiro ano de tratamento e o maior risco foi associado a não realização de consulta com nefrologista, internar-se no mesmo mês de início da HD e permanecer mais de 45 dias internado por ano de tratamento. A consulta com nefrologista e a fístula arteriovenosa como acesso para HD devem ser indicadores de processo para melhorar a atenção pré-dialítica de modo a reduzir o tempo de permanência hospitalar e a mortalidade dos pacientes com DRCT.
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Besaans, Ethan Wade. "Synthesis structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation of optimised terminally alkylated (bis)urea and (bis)thiourea polyamine analogues as antiplasmodial agents." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63227.
Full textAbstract:
The sustained control and elimination of malaria requires novel approaches to combat
the emergence of drug resistance. Plasmodium falciparum causes the most lethal form
of human malaria. Current therapeutics have shown decreased efficacy as a result of
P. falciparum developing resistance to them. Consequently, novel antimalarial agents
with new mechanisms of action are urgently needed to aid in the control and ultimate
eradication of this disease and should display low resistance indices and high
selectivity indices. Polyamines are involved in a variety of cellular functions including
cell differentiation and proliferation and have been shown to be essential to malaria
parasites in vitro. However, these analogues lacked drug-like properties, negating their
use in malaria disease models in vivo. The objective of this study was to develop novel
polyamine analogues based on a previous generation of compounds and to determine
their antiplasmodial activity in vitro. Consequently, a novel series of (bis)urea and
(bis)thiourea polyamine analogues were designed and synthesised with moderately
high yields and purity. In silico evaluation of drug-likeness of these compounds
indicated low oral bioavailability overall, although the predicted values were improved
over the parent series. The antiplasmodial activity of the novel analogues indicated
that halogenation generally decreases activity except for bromination, which did
improve in vitro activity. Cheminformatics analysis enabled in-depth analysis of the
structure-activity relationships (SAR) of this class of compounds, allowing structural
features to be identified that are important for activity. Complementing the SAR with
quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) allowed the determination of a
descriptor that weakly correlates with the analogues’ activities. The structural
requirements for activity were found to be based on representations of the polyamine
analogues molecular structures by means of circular atom neighbourhood’s. This work
therefore contributed to the further development of the polyamine analogues as
potential antimalarial drugs.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
South African Research Chair (SARChI) programme
Biochemistry
MSc
Unrestricted
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Čmela, Libor. "Přestupní terminál IDS JMK u žel. stanice Brno - Řečkovice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225526.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of diploma thesis is a blue-print of appropriate adjustment space by the railway station in Brno Řečkovice, in terms of road structures, so that it meets all requirements of public transfer terminal and IDS JMK. Terminal should server as a transfer station between bus service and pojected North-Southern Rail Diameter. In the terminal, there should be a continuity on systems P+R, K+R and B+R ensured. The project is dealing with a partial design of adjacent local roads. The work is processed in AutoCAD 2011, Bentley InRoads and Microsoft Office 2007.
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Clough, Christopher Robert. "Syntheses and studies of group 6 terminal pnictides, early-metal trimetaphosphate complexes, and a new bis-enamide ligand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65264.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Investigated herein is the reactivity of the terminal-nitrido, trisanilide tungsten complex, NW(N[i- Pr]Ar)3 (Ar = 3,5-Me 2C6H3, 1). Nitride 1 has been shown to undergo an "N for (O)C1 metathesis with a variety of acid chlorides to form oxochloride (Ar[i-Pr]N) 3W(O)C1 (2) and the corresponding nitriles. The reaction of 1 with acid chlorides has been shown to proceed through an acylimido chloride intermediate. Furthermore, oxochloride 2 has been converted to a terminal phosphido trisanilide tungsten complex, PW(N[i-Pr]Ar)3 (9) by treatment with the anionic niobium phosphide complex [Na(OEt2)][PNb(N[Np]Ar) 31. Nitride 1 and oxochloride 2 have been converted to pseudo-octahedral complexes through the use of electrophilic reagents such as oxalyl chloride and phosphorus pentachloride. (Ar[i- Pr]N)3W(OCN)(Cl) 2 (10) and (Ar[i-Pr]N)3W(N=PCl3)(Cl) 2 (11) are synthesized by treating compound 1 with oxalyl chloride and PCl5, respectively. Similarly, (Ar[i-Pr]N) 3W(Cl) 3 (12) is formed by treatment of oxochloride 2 with PC15 with concomitant loss of oxyphosphorus trichloride. Reaction studies of trichloride 12 undertaken in the attempt to generate a low-coordinate tungsten species are also presented. Also reported presently is a new procedure for synthesis of the terminal phosphoryl complex (Ar[t-Bu]N)3MoPO (17) by treating phosphide (Ar[t-Bu]N) 3MoP (16) with the potent oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reagent mesitylnitrile oxide (MesCNO). In conjunction with collaborators, the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of MesCNO as an OAT reagent with phosphide 16 and phosphines have been investigated. Density Functional Theory calculations of OAT reactions of MesCNO are also shown. In an effort to further develop the coordination chemistry of the trianionic, tridentate ligand trimetaphosphate, studies are described whereupon trimetaphosphate is metallated with molybdenum. (MeCN)3Mo(CO) 3 reacts with [PPN] 3[P30 9] -H20 ([PPN] = [Ph3P=N-PPh3]') to form the trimetaphosphate salt [PPN]3[(P30 9)Mo(CO) 3] ([PPN] 3[18]) in high yield. Efforts to generate trimetaphosphate vanadium oxo ((P30 9)V--O, 19) are also revealed. Finally, the synthesis of a new bis-enamide ligand class is described by the double addition of ketenimines to dilithium arylphosphanides. Formation of [Li(thf)]2 {PhP[C(CPh2)NPh] 21 ([Li(thf)] 2[20]) and [Li(thf)]2{MesP[C(CPh2)NPh] 2} ([Li(thf)]2[21]) are presented. The synthesis of tantalum species utilizing these new bis-enamide ligands is also demonstrated.
by Christopher Robert Clough.
Ph.D.
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Hájek, Tomáš. "Stavebně technologický projekt přípravy a realizace autobusového terminálu v Benešově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409921.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this diploma thesis is construction project for implementation of bus terminal in Benešov. This thesis contains technical report, construction study of main technological stages, supply management for selected technological processes, technical report of site facilities including drawings, construction machinery and equipment for selected technological processes, technological specification for execution of earthworks SO01 & SO02, technological specification for execution of foundations SO01 & SO02, control and test plan for execution of earthworks, control and test plan for execution of foundations, safety and health protection plan for selected technological processes, construction site noise study and a construction study of reconstruction of roads in the terminal area.
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Stupka, Pavel. "Dopravní obsluha nádraží u řeky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409827.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the design of the transport service .of the new railway station in Brno - to be more specific, its placement in position River.. The aim of this project is to design solutions fot the public transportation terminal and the bus station in many variants, as well as tp solve the service by individual car transportation and parking around the main station. Furthermore, the thesis deals with problems of pedestrian ties and bicycle paths in the area.
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Olivieri, Bianca Ferreira. "Análise multivariada com dados genômicos e transcriptômicos para perfil de ácidos graxos da carne em bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento /." Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183053.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Fernando Sebastián Baldi ReyResumo: A compreensão de processos regulatórios e organização molecular dos organismos vivos progrediram consideravelmente na última década. As metodologias também evoluíram com o sequenciamento de DNA e RNA e de ferramentas genômicas permitindo a análise de centenas ou milhares de genes, proteínas ou metabólitos. O uso simultâneo dessas informações auxilia na obteção de informações relevantes sobre as variáveis que envolvem as variações fenotípicas de características de interesse. O objetivo do presente estudo foi integrar dados fenotípicos, genotípicos e transcriptômicos em busca de aprimoramento sobre os mecanismos genéticos e metabólicos que determinam o perfil de ácidos graxos na carne de bovinos Nelore, a fim de contribuir para o melhoramento da composição de ácidos graxos da carne. Foram utilizados machos da raça Nelore terminados em confinamento, abatidos com média de idade 24 meses. Amostras do músculo L. thoracis, entre a 12ª a 13ª costela foram coletadas para as análises de perfil de ácidos graxos, extração de RNA e de DNA. Os resultados foram apresentados nos capítulos 2 e 3. No capítulo 2, o objetivo foi identificar genes diferencialmente expressos pelo método RNA-seq e perfil de ácidos graxos no músculo L. thoracis com uso de componentes principais (principal components: PC). Foram selecionados dois grupos de 10 animais, os quais possuíam valores de PC1 e PC2 extremos (Alto x Baixo) para os grupos somatórios de ácidos graxos (AG): ácidos graxos saturados (AGS), ácidos g... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The understanding of regulatory processes and molecular organization of organisms has progressed considerably in the last 10 years.The methodologies also evolved with the sequencing of DNA, RNA and genomic tools allowing the analysis a lot of genes, proteins or metabolites. The simultaneous use of this information should help to obtain relevant information about the variables that result the phenotypic variations of traits of interest. The objective of the present study was to integrate phenotypic, genotypic and transcriptomic studies in order to clarify the genetic and metabolic mechanisms that determine the fatty acid profile in Nelore beef, in order to contribute to the improvement of the fatty acid composition of the meat. Nelore males were used in feedlot, coming from farms that integrate three breeding programs and slaughtered with an average of 24 months. Samples of the L. thoracis muscle between the 12th to 13th rib were collected for analysis of fatty acid profile, RNA and DNA extraction. The results were presented in chapters 2 and 3. In chapter 2, the objective was to identify genes differentially expressed by RNA-seq method and fatty acid profile in the L. thoracis muscle with the use of Principal Components (PC). Two groups of 10 animals were selected, which had PC1 and PC2 extreme values (High x Low) for the fatty acids (FA) groups: saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega 3 (n-3) and omega 6 (n-6... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Mittermayerová, Anita. "Studie Dukelského náměstí v Přelouči." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227692.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of final thesis is the reconstruction of the area Dukelského Square and its surroundings outside the station ČD in Přelouč. This is an modification of pavements and roads, design of parking places and car park. The solution was processed in several variants, based on traffic census.
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Sedláček, Jakub. "Nové brněnské hlavní nádraží a jeho veřejná prostranství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414285.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of the Diploma thesis is a design of the New train station in Brno. The plot is located on the boundary of three city districts – Komárov, Štýřice and Trnitá. This area includes the railway structure for the new train station and also its public spaces, which are very close to the river Svratka. The railway structure is designed as bridge construction, that rises all platforms and rail tracks to 7,65 metres above the ground level. So all of the railways do not become a barrier in the city. The main concept extends a longitudinal axis of the city boulevard through the train station, which creates a high-rise building in the southern part of the plot. This axis is written not only to the layout but also to the roof design. The train station includes two underground levels, ground floor and first floor. Underground levels consist of P+R parking, deliveries only area, technical facilities and subway terminal. The ground floor is the main traffic centre. There is an entrance hall, shopping area, bus terminal and public corridors. The first floor includes platforms for train departures and arrivals. There are also public spaces in the entrance hall. The basic structural system consists of two parts. The first part is a massive reinforced concrete structure of the railway bridge deck and all underground levels. This structure is based on reinforced concrete foundation pads with drilled piles. The second part is a steel frame structure of the roof. That includes steel columns and truss girders for the structure of the lower area. The higher part of the roof is designed as a steel-truss bridge with the characteristic profile. The new train station supposes to create a new gate to the city of Brno, that connects contemporary districts with the historical city center.
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NEWTON, PASCAL. "Caracterisation physico-chimique, tribologique et electrique de films minces de polyacrylonitrile pyrolyses en vue de leur application comme revetement terminal de connecteurs electriques bas-niveau." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066417.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de cette etude est d'elaborer des films fins de polymere traites thermiquement qui remplaceraient la couche metallique terminale classique des connecteurs electriques bas-niveau. Nous etudions des films de polyacrylonitrile, greffees electrochimiquement sur une cathode de nickel, homogenes, couvrants et tres adherents au substrat metallique et dont la resistance electrique peut etre abaissee par traitement thermique. Cette etude est abordee sous deux angles differents mais complementaires par le biais de deux types d'echantillons soumis a divers traitements thermiques. Le premier, constitue d'un substrat metallique de type industriel recouvert d'un film mince de polymere (50nm), montre la faisabilite industrielle du projet et sa possible adaptation aux methodes actuelles de fabrication de connecteurs. D'un aspect plus fondamental, les observations effectuees sur le second type d'echantillon (constitue d'un substrat metallique d'excellent etat de surface et recouvert d'une couche epaisse de polymere (m)) renseignent sur les proprietes intrinseques du polymere. Ce travail interdisciplinaire resulte d'investigations systematiques realisees au niveau moleculaire (spectroscopies irras et xps), au niveau microscopique (afm), et au niveau macroscopique (mesure de la resistance de contact statique et de la resistance a l'usure) sur des films de polymere cuits rapidement dans un four a lampes ou lentement sous vide primaire. Il expose l'evolution physico-chimique et la modification des proprietes macroscopiques des films qui en resulte. Les resultats obtenus sur certains des echantillons revelent des performances prometteuses en vue d'application en connectique
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Shasha, Adelle. "Metal-Catalysed Hydroamination." Science. School of Chemistry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1710.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD),This thesis describes the synthesis of terminal and internal amino and amidoalkynes and their hydroamination (cyclisation) catalysed by the complex (bis(N-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane)dicarbonylrhodium(I) tetraphenylborate (1). A series of analogous palladium complexes were also prepared and investigated for catalytic hydroamination. The scope of the rhodium(I) complex (1) for the intramolecular hydroamination of more complex amino and amidoalkyne substrates was investigated. This was made possible with the synthesis of aliphatic substrates, namely, 4 pentyn 1 amide (3) and 5 hexyn 1 amide (4) and a number of aromatic substrates, namely, 1, 4 diamino-2, 5 diethynylbenzene (5), 1, 4-diamino-2, 5 bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (6), 2, 3-diamino-1, 4-diethynylbenzene (7), 2, 3-diamino-1, 4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (8), 1, 5-bis(acetamido)-2, 4-diethynylbenzene (9), N-(acetyl)-2-ethynylbenzylamine (10) and N-(acetyl)-2-(phenylethynyl)benzylamine (11). The rhodium(I) complex (1) catalytically cyclised the aliphatic 4 pentyn 1 amide (3) regioselectively to the 6 membered ring, 3, 4 dihydro 2 pyridone (64) as the sole product. Attempts to cyclise 5 hexyn 1 amide (4) to produce either the 6 or 7 membered ring were unsuccessful. Compounds 5, 6, 7 and 8 were doubly cyclised to 1, 5 dihydro pyrrolo[2, 3 f]indole (71), 1, 5-dihydro-2, 6-diphenyl-pyrrolo[2, 3 f]indole (73), 1, 8-dihydro-pyrrolo[2, 3 g]indole (74) and 1, 8-dihydro-2, 7-diphenyl-pyrrolo[2, 3 g]indole (75) respectively. The aromatic amides with terminal acetylenes 9 and 10 cyclised to give 1, 7 diacetyl pyrrolo[3, 2 f]indole (76) and N (acetyl) 1, 2 dihydroisoquinoline (77) respectively. However, attempts to cyclise 11 were unsuccessful. Thus the rhodium(I) complex (1) successfully catalysed via hydroamination both terminal and internal acetylenic amine and amide substrates, to give pyridones, indoles and isoquinolines. Cationic and neutral palladium complexes incorporating the bidentate heterocyclic nitrogen donor ligand bis(N-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane (bim; 2) were synthesised: [Pd(bim)Cl2] (15), [Pd(bim)2][BF4]2 (17) [Pd(bim)(Cl)(CH3)] (14), [Pd(bim)(CH3)(NCCH3)][BF4] (16). All of the complexes were active as catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination reaction, using the cyclisation of 4 pentyn 1 amine (21) to 2 methyl 1 pyrroline (22) as the model test reaction. Percentage conversions, turnover numbers and reaction profiles for each complex were compared to the rhodium(I) complex (1). These studies have shown that the catalytic activity was not significantly dependent on the bim donor ligand or the choice of metal. Substitution of the bim (2) ligand with the COD ligand and the use of methanol as the solvent did impact significantly on the efficiency of the hydroamination reactions.
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Shasha, Adelle. "Metal-Catalysed Hydroamination." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1710.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the synthesis of terminal and internal amino and amidoalkynes and their hydroamination (cyclisation) catalysed by the complex (bis(N-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane)dicarbonylrhodium(I) tetraphenylborate (1). A series of analogous palladium complexes were also prepared and investigated for catalytic hydroamination. The scope of the rhodium(I) complex (1) for the intramolecular hydroamination of more complex amino and amidoalkyne substrates was investigated. This was made possible with the synthesis of aliphatic substrates, namely, 4 pentyn 1 amide (3) and 5 hexyn 1 amide (4) and a number of aromatic substrates, namely, 1, 4 diamino-2, 5 diethynylbenzene (5), 1, 4-diamino-2, 5 bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (6), 2, 3-diamino-1, 4-diethynylbenzene (7), 2, 3-diamino-1, 4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (8), 1, 5-bis(acetamido)-2, 4-diethynylbenzene (9), N-(acetyl)-2-ethynylbenzylamine (10) and N-(acetyl)-2-(phenylethynyl)benzylamine (11). The rhodium(I) complex (1) catalytically cyclised the aliphatic 4 pentyn 1 amide (3) regioselectively to the 6 membered ring, 3, 4 dihydro 2 pyridone (64) as the sole product. Attempts to cyclise 5 hexyn 1 amide (4) to produce either the 6 or 7 membered ring were unsuccessful. Compounds 5, 6, 7 and 8 were doubly cyclised to 1, 5 dihydro pyrrolo[2, 3 f]indole (71), 1, 5-dihydro-2, 6-diphenyl-pyrrolo[2, 3 f]indole (73), 1, 8-dihydro-pyrrolo[2, 3 g]indole (74) and 1, 8-dihydro-2, 7-diphenyl-pyrrolo[2, 3 g]indole (75) respectively. The aromatic amides with terminal acetylenes 9 and 10 cyclised to give 1, 7 diacetyl pyrrolo[3, 2 f]indole (76) and N (acetyl) 1, 2 dihydroisoquinoline (77) respectively. However, attempts to cyclise 11 were unsuccessful. Thus the rhodium(I) complex (1) successfully catalysed via hydroamination both terminal and internal acetylenic amine and amide substrates, to give pyridones, indoles and isoquinolines. Cationic and neutral palladium complexes incorporating the bidentate heterocyclic nitrogen donor ligand bis(N-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane (bim; 2) were synthesised: [Pd(bim)Cl2] (15), [Pd(bim)2][BF4]2 (17) [Pd(bim)(Cl)(CH3)] (14), [Pd(bim)(CH3)(NCCH3)][BF4] (16). All of the complexes were active as catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination reaction, using the cyclisation of 4 pentyn 1 amine (21) to 2 methyl 1 pyrroline (22) as the model test reaction. Percentage conversions, turnover numbers and reaction profiles for each complex were compared to the rhodium(I) complex (1). These studies have shown that the catalytic activity was not significantly dependent on the bim donor ligand or the choice of metal. Substitution of the bim (2) ligand with the COD ligand and the use of methanol as the solvent did impact significantly on the efficiency of the hydroamination reactions.
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Chaabouni, Amine. "Compression vidéo basée sur HEVC pour la télémédecine sur des réseaux hauts débits, bas débits et vers des terminaux mobiles : application à la cancérologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0326.
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Ce travail de thèse répond à la problématique du transfert de la vidéo à haute résolution sur les réseaux bas débit. Dans le contexte du projet européen E3, des scénarios de téléconsultation, télésurveillance et télé-enseignement, sont définis et mis en place via des outils et des services de télémédecine. Par ailleurs, deux solutions concrètes sont proposées. Une première partie est consacrée à l’évaluation des performances de la nouvelle norme d’encodage vidéo HEVC dans le contexte médical. Les métriques objectives et les notes subjectives valident les améliorations effectuées sur cette norme par rapport au standard AVC-H.264, montrant qu’on peut gagner jusqu’à 54% en débit de compression pour une même qualité acceptable par les experts. Malgré la complexité de son architecture, une configuration adaptée au contexte bas débit (< 3 Mbits/s), a été définie et recommandée en utilisant l’encodeur temps réel x265. Une deuxième solution consiste à l’utilisation d’une méthode originale de dissimulation de données, basée sur une approche zonale, afin d’insérer des données médicales dans les séquences endoscopiques. Par rapport à l’état de l’art, cette méthode est plus performante en capacité d’insertion, imperceptibilité et complexité. Cette technique nous offre la possibilité d’insérer, en temps réel, jusqu’à 3 Mbits de données dans une vidéo médicale FHD de 10s, sans ajouter de débit ou de temps de traitement supplémentaire à l’encodeur « x265 ». La solution est améliorée par la saillance visuelle, en dissimulant dans les zones saillantes plutôt que dans toute l’imageThis thesis deals with HD video transmission over low-bandwidth networks. In the context of the European project E3, scenarios such as remote consultation, telemonitoring and remote lecture, have been defined and implemented thanks to telemedicine tools and services. A first part was devoted to assess the performance of the new video encoding standard HEVC in the medical context. Objective metrics and subjective scores validated the improvements offered by this standard compared to the AVC-H.264 standard, showing that we could save up to 54% in terms of compression bitrate for a same quality, acceptable by experts. Despite the complexity of its architecture, a configuration adapted to the low bit rate context (<3 Mbps/s) was defined and recommended by using the x265 real-time encoder. A second solution has been proposed: an original method of data hiding, based on a zonal approach, to hide medical data into the endoscopic sequences. Compared to the state of the art, this method offers more efficient performance in payload, imperceptibility and complexity. This technique allows us to hide, in real time, up to 3 Mbits of data in a 10s FHD medical video, without requiring more bandwidth or an additional processing time to the encoder “x265”. The solution has been still improved by visual saliency techniques, by hiding in salient areas rather than throughout the entire image
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Quadros, Rachel Corrêa de. "Fatores ergonômicos de assentos para motoristas de ônibus rodoviário." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2018.
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The search for improved product design meets the search for quality of life of users. This study aims to understand and point out these improvements in order to provide the basis for defining requirements for the product development of the road transport sector, focusing on the seats of jobs drivers. After presenting the theoretical foundation, we performed experimental research, which was divided into two stages. The first consisted of structured interviews, in which respondents were 07 (seven) designers of a bus company in order to understand the relationship of the ergonomic design of the seats in projetual drivers factors. It has also developed a research observation, in the same company, on the process of development of housing for the driver, in order to ascertain technically armchair. The second stage consisted of a brazilian anthropometric metrics and analysis, applied in 08 (eight) drivers, in order to verify the average measures of these workers compared to standard measures used in Brazilian projects passenger compartment of the bus drivers, this step also a questionnaire was applied, seeking to identify the basic ergonomic factors in the interaction with your seat to another job. In this work it was possible to identify the differences between theory and practice (market), highlighting the needs imposed on effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction drivers in interaction with their working tool and the relation of design in relation to daily activities of these drivers who perform their work long hours of travel including: the need to move the seat horizontally to put up and out of the seat , too many repetitive movements, coat the plastic seat causing discomfort due to sweating, postural problems and other factors related to the job of the driver.
A busca pela melhoria no design de produtos vai ao encontro a busca pela qualidade de vida dos usuários. O presente estudo visa entender e apontar estas melhorias, a fim de oferecer subsídios à definição de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de produtos do setor transporte rodoviário, com enfoque nos assentos de postos de trabalho de motoristas. Após a apresentação da fundamentação teórica, realizou-se a pesquisa experimental, na qual foi divida em duas etapas. A primeira consistiu em entrevistas estruturadas, em que foram entrevistados 07 (sete) designers, de uma empresa carroceira, a fim de entender a relação dos fatores ergonômicos na concepção projetual dos assentos dos motoristas. Foi também desenvolvida uma pesquisa de observação, na mesma empresa, sobre o processo de desenvolvimento do habitáculo do motorista, a fim de averiguar tecnicamente a poltrona. A segunda etapa consistiu em uma análise antropométrica e métricas brasileiras, aplicada em 08 (oito) motoristas, com a finalidade de verificar a média das medidas destes trabalhadores comparativamente ao padrão das medidas brasileiras utilizados nos projetos de habitáculos de motoristas de ônibus, nesta etapa também foi aplicado um questionário, buscando apontar os fatores ergonômicos básicos na interação com seu assento de posto de trabalho. Neste trabalho foi possível identificar as diferenças entre a teoria e prática (mercado), evidenciando as necessidades aplicadas na eficácia, eficiência e satisfação dos motoristas na interação com seu instrumento de trabalho e a relação do design com relação às atividades diárias destes motoristas que realizam seu trabalho em longas jornadas de viagens que incluem: necessidade de deslocar o banco no sentido horizontal para colocar-se e sair do assento, número excessivo de movimentos repetitivos, revestimento do assento de material sintético ocasionando desconforto devido à transpiração; problemas posturais entre outros fatores relacionados ao posto de trabalho do condutor.
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Fragkou, Roxani. "L' euthanasie et le droit au refus de traitement à la lumière de l'évolution du droit européen comparé : (France, Grèce, Suisse, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Espagne, Royaume-Uni)." Strasbourg, 2010. https://www.bnds.fr/collection/theses-numeriques-de-la-bnds/l-euthanasie-et-le-droit-au-refus-de-traitement-a-la-lumiere-de-l-evolution-du-dro-it-europeen-compare-9782848743677.html.
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La présente thèse aspire à susciter une réflexion profonde et globale tant sur la thématique de l’euthanasie au sens strict, que sur tout l’éventail des décisions médicales prises en fin de vie, en faisant ainsi le tour d’horizon des réglementations nationales européennes et supranationales témoignant de l’intérêt qu’éveille le sujet. Dans cette perspective, ses deux parties abordent la problématique de la mort assistée à travers une approche sensiblement distincte. La démarche comparatiste adoptée dans la première partie tâche d’offrir une vue d’ensemble plus large des solutions envisagées à l’égard des manières d’aborder la problématique de la mort assistée par les législateurs au niveau national et européen, alors que la seconde, profondément imprégnée du principe du respect des droits du patient, propose d’examiner deux autres aspects de ce « faux dilemme », que nous avons essayé d’écarter : le droit au refus de traitement et la dispensation de soins palliatifs. Or, la question n’est guère d’être pour ou contre l’euthanasie, pour ou contre la conception palliative. La réalité est beaucoup moins manichéenne. Les soins palliatifs, nés d’une analyse critique et d’un dépassement des arguments portant sur l’euthanasie, visent la prise en charge globale du malade et offrent une espèce de contrôle de la fin de vie différent, fondamentalement humain. La sauvegarde de la dignité humaine et de l’autonomie du patient ne se limite pas au seul respect d’une demande d’euthanasie, mais s’étend également au respect du droit au refus de consentement à une intervention médicale, ainsi qu’à la dispensation de soins palliatifs adéquats et de qualitéThe purpose of the present thesis is to stimulate a deep and comprehensive reflection not only on the issue of euthanasia in the strict sense of the term, but also on the full range of medical decisions concerning the end of life. It aspires to provide an overview of the European, national and supranational regulations, reflecting the interest that has been aroused for the subject. In this perspective, the present analysis adopts an approach to the problem of assisted dying following two substantially distinct ways. The comparative approach embraced in the first part strives to offer an overview of broader solutions envisaged by national and European legislators, as regards the issue of assisted dying. The second part, deeply imbued with the principle of respect for the patients' rights, intends to examine two other aspects of this "false choice", which we tried to avoid: the right to refuse treatment and the palliative care. Subsequently, the question is not about being for or against euthanasia, for or against palliative care. The reality is not so Manichean. Resulted from a critical analysis and the overtaking arguments about euthanasia, palliative care aims to take over the patient and to control the end of the life in a different way, fundamentally human. The safeguarding of human dignity and autonomy of the patient refers not only to the respect for the patients request for euthanasia but extends also to a respect for the right to refuse to consent to a medical intervention as well as to the provision of adequate palliative care
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Velfl, Martin. "Nové brněnské hlavní nádraží a jeho veřejná prostranství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414297.
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The topic discussed in Brno for several decades is certainly the building of the new main railway station and its location. Countless architectural and urban studies have been done especially in 2018, which examined three possible locations of the station. After considering the possibilities, it was decided to place a new railway station near by the Svratka river. The advantage of the chosen location is the possibility of constructing a high-speed track, which is not possible in the current position of the station. Furthermore, this area allows the construction of a station on a green field, without limiting train traffic during the works. The capacity of the new designed train station represents an increase of 30-40 thousand passengers per day. Total capacity is approximately 100,000 passengers per day. However, construction activity in the area is limited by the flood risk factor. It is an effort to eliminate this risk with elements inspired by nature. These solutions include for example widening profle of the river , determining floodplains in such a way as to maintain access to the river. The diploma thesis offers a possible view of the architectural solution of the new railway station and its public spaces. The entrance hall of the station is located at one end of the visual axis, which is represented by the considered boulevard. The dominant building on the opposite side is the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul. The requirements and location of the new main station mean an assumption for the creation of a new city icon. The iconic vaulted structure, which runs across the railway bridge, refers to the former glory and fame of the city. The curve of catenary arch used in the profile of vault is a symbol for the new station. The new station represents a significant impulse not only for the development of Brno, but especially for the development of new South district. The construction of the trade fairs complex a hundred years ago had a similer effect.
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Mat, Nicolas. "Dynamiques de transition dans les territoires portuaires : apport de l’écologie industrielle et territoriale aux processus d’adaptation vers une société bas-carbone." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0799/document.
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Principales places d’importations et de transformation des énergies d’origine fossile, les espaces portuaires concentrent des défis de mutations industrielles, de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de diversification du bouquet énergétique. En mobilisant les cadres théoriques de l’écologie industrielle et de la complexité, ce travail de de thèse vise à à mieux comprendre et caractériser les processus d’adaptation actuels développés au sein de ces territoires. Appréhendé dans une acception large de son périmètre, le territoire portuaire se révèle être un formidable terrain d’expérimentations de nouvelles pratiques basées sur une plus grande coopération entre acteurs, à la croisée des chemins entre une économie circulaire globale et une écologie industrielle locale. Partant d’un retour d’expériences mené à l’échelle internationale de démarches d’écologie industrielle, ayant permis la mise en évidence de différents modèles territoriaux d’organisation, ce travail de recherche a ensuite comparé l’évolution socio-écologique de trois territoires portuaires européen et asiatiques. Si la dynamique de métropolisation semble apparaître comme une constante dans la plupart de ces grands espaces côtiers, celle-ci contribue aussi à la complexification de la matrice territoriale portuaire. De nouvelles approches d’ordre organisationnel viennent ainsi compléter les évolutions technologiques. Dans une troisième partie, l’étude de l’espace portuaire de Marseille-Fos a ainsi permis de mettre en lumière un phénomène d’interactions fonctionnelles opéré au sein du territoire, au profit de sa transition progressive vers une société à bas-carboneOne of the major issues facing our industrialized societies is the energy transition, which induces major industrial and social transformations. Port and harbor areas, which are strategic places concerning import and transformation of fossil fuels, concentrate these industrial challenges, dealing with mitigation of emissions of greenhouse gases and diversification of energy mix. By mobilizing the theoretical frameworks of industrial ecology and complexity, this PhD work aims to better understand and characterize current adaptation process developed within these territories. In this work, we consider the industrial, urban and agricultural subsystems present in a port area. When doing this, the port area is proving to be a formidable field of experimentation of new practices based on greater cooperation between players at the crossroads between a global circular economy and a local industrial ecology. Starting from an international feedback which enabled the identification of different territorial organization models, this research then compared the socio-ecological evolution of three European and Asian port areas. If the dynamics of metropolisation seem to appear as a constant in most of these large coastal areas, it also contributes to the whole complexity of the port territorial matrix. Indeed, new organizational approaches now complement technological developments. In the third part, the study of the port area of Marseille-Fos has enabled to highlight a phenomenon of functional interactions operated within the territory for the benefit of its gradual transition to a low-carbon society
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Lambrinos, Panagiotis. "Synthese de polymeres et de copolymeres porteurs de groupements fonctionnels terminaux amorceurs : polymerisation radicalaire de l'acrylate de n-butyle amorcee par le bis (diethyl-n, n dithiocarbamate) de paraxytyle, et preparation de copolymeres." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066342.
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Polymerisation radicalaire de l'acrylate de butyle photoamorcee par le bis(diethyldithiocarbamate) de paraxylyle proche d'une polymerisation vivante, avec un mecanisme plus complexe et des reactions secondaires. Fonctionnalite des polymeres obtenus inferieure a la valeur theorique 2. Preparation de copolymeres trisequences avec une sequence centrale de polyacrylate de butyle elastomere et des sequences terminales rigides pmma et ps
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Lambrinos, Panagiotis. "Synthèse de polymères et de copolymères porteurs de groupements fonctionnels terminaux amorceurs polymérisation radicalaire de l'acrylate de n-butyle amorcée par le bis (diéthyl-N,N dithiocarbamate) de paraxylyle et préparation de copolymères séquencés /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376149094.
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Annabi, Mohamed Salah. "La fraction amino-terminale du peptide natriurétique de type B pour prédire le devenir des patients ayant une sténose aortique à bas débit : sa supériorité au peptide natriurétique de type B et son rôle pour aider la décision thérapeutique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33293.
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La stratégie thérapeutique actuelle pour la sténose aortique à bas débit (SA-BD) n’intègre pas la gradation de la sévérité de la maladie du ventricule gauche (SMVG) pour sélectionner les meilleurs candidats au remplacement valvulaire aortique (RVA). MÉTHODE La SMVG a été gradée par le ratio d’activation du peptide natriurétique de type-B (BNP-ratio) et par celui de la fraction N-terminale de son précurseur (NT-proBNP-ratio). Leurs performances pronostiques ont été étudiées séparément puis en comparaison directe (sous-population avec les deux biomarqueurs). Le meilleur biomarqueur a été utilisé pour étudier le bénéfice cardiovasculaire du RVA en fonction de la SMVG. RÉSULTATS Le NT-proBNP-ratio prédisait la mortalité à 12 et 36 mois avec une aire sous la courbe d’efficacité du récepteur (ASCER) à 0.67±0.04 et 0.66±0.05, respectivement (p=0.001). Il a été indépendamment corrélé à la mortalité (risque relatif ajusté [RRa]=1.39, [1.11-1.74], p=0.004). Le BNP-ratio était significativement discriminant pour la mortalité à 12 mois seulement et tendait à prédire le temps au décès en utilisant un seuil>7.4 (RRa=2.14 [1.00- 4.58], p=0.05). La supériorité du NT-proBNP-ratio a été vérifiée en comparaison directe: i) les ASCER pour la mortalité à 12 et 36 mois étaient supérieures (p<0.009); ii) le NT-proBNP-ratio, contrairement au BNP-ratio, prédisait indépendamment la mortalité; iii) il améliorait significativement l’efficacité prédictive d’un modèle de base (Mb) incluant l’âge, le sexe, la présence de SA réellement sévère (SARS), l’euroSCORE et le RVA (p=0.0003); iv) l’index de reclassification nette associé au NT-proBNP-ratio était de 0.71 (p=0.008) contre 0.38 (p=0.15) pour le BNP-ratio. Enfin, le NTproBNP-ratio>11 prédisait un grand bénéfice de survie par RVA (RRa=0.52 [0.31-0.85], p=0.009), tandis qu’avec NT-proBNP-ratio<11, la survie était excellente sans RVA durant la première année. CONCLUSION: Cette étude démontre pour la première fois que la gradation de la SMVG par le NT-proBNP-ratio, et pas le BNPratio, a une grande valeur pronostique dans la SA-BD et peut guider la stratégie thérapeutiqueBackground: In classical low-flow, low gradient aortic stenosis (CLF-AS i.e. with low left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction), aortic valve intervention (AVI) is recommended if true severe AS (TSAS) is confirmed. However, there is little evidence on the prognostic values of the clinical activation ratio of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP-ratio) versus aminoterminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP-ratio) as surrogates of LV impairment to risk-stratify the patients. Methods: BNP and NT-proBNP-ratios were calculated by dividing the actual serum level by the upper predicted value for age and sex. Their prognostic values were studied using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for TSAS, initial treatment (AVI or conservative management [ConsRx]), age, sex and the euroSCORE (model-1), and taking time to death as an endpoint. The survival benefit of AVI according to the degree of LV impairment was studied using the best biomarker. Results: BNP-ratio significantly predicted one-year (area under the ROC curve [AUC]) 0.62±0.04, p=0.026) but not three-year mortality, and a BNP-ratio>7.4 tended to predict time to death (adjusted HR=2.14 [1.00-4.58], p=0.05). NT-proBNP-ratio significantly predicted one and three-year mortality (AUC=0.67±0.04 and 0.66±0.05, both p=0.001), and independently predicted time to death (HR=1.39 /per one increment of LogNT-proBNP-ratio, [1.11-1.74], p=0.004). In a head-to-head comparison, the AUCs for one and three-year mortality were higher with NT-proBNP-ratio versus BNP-ratio (p<0.009). NT-proBNP-ratio but not BNP-ratio independently predicted mortality and significantly improved model-1 (Likelihood ratio test Chi2=15.953, p=0.0003). The category-free net reclassification index of NT-proBNP-ratio when added to model-1 was 0.71 (p=0.008) versus 0.38 (p=0.15) for BNP-ratio. Finally, in patients with NTproBNP-ratio >11 the adjusted HR of death associated with AVI was 0.52 ([0.31-0.85], p=0.009). On the other hand, NT-proBNP-ratio <11 identified patients (54% with peudosevere AS) in whom short-term event-free survival was excellent under conservative management. Conclusion: NT-proBNP-ratio is a powerful independent predictor of death and should be preferred over BNPratio to risk-stratify CLF-AS patients. The assessment of LV function impairment using NT-proBNP-ratio has important clinical implications and should be complementary to the determination of true AS severity.
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Nytrová, Bohdana. "Nové brněnské hlavní nádraží a jeho veřejná prostranství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414276.
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For almost one hundred years, Brno has been deciding where the place of a new main train station should be. The works have almost started several times, but the various affairs have always postponed it. Two years ago, it was finally decided that „the River option“ would be constructed. So far, only the technological template has been written – e. g. railway bridge or platforms outline. The thesis focuses on the architectural design of the main building, the roof construction above the railways and spaces below the station bridge. In the design, the outlying urban structures are also dealt with. These include the locations of a bus station, taxi services and bike stands. Moreover, the design also mentions the station’s connection to the city networks. The main motive of the design is to put the main train station building into the centre of the city’s attractions – to make it visible. A boulevard’s view is oriented to the St. Peter’s cathedral – a famous Brno’s building. Just as the mentioned cathedral, the station is important for the city and deserves to be seen. A strong arched construction on four pillars serves as a roof over the railways and places where most visitors are expected to be most of the time. The arch also connects the public transport lines and the bus station. Part of a roof shaped like waves around the main hall connects the structure with the riverside nearby.