Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Busboys'
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Gill, Harjeet Singh. "A microprocessor-based system for protecting busbars." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0030/NQ63872.pdf.
Full textPierce, Michael. "In My Busby Berkeley Dreams." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2028.
Full textLARSSON, FREDRIK. "Evaluation of thermal expansion in busbars used for battery electric vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302111.
Full textTermisk expansion i solida busbars är ett vanligt problem vid kraftig temperaturvariation. Problemet ökar med längden av busbaren och kan leda till plastisk deformation i infästningen av busbaren. Temperaturvariationen kan ske genom varierad omgivningstemperatur eller genom resistiv uppvärmning. Om en busbar ska användas i ett fordon för kraftöverföring är arbetsmiljön mycket påfrestande. Den termiska uppvärmningen går normalt att motverka genom att öka tvärsnittsarean, men i ett fordon där vikt, kostnad och platsbrist minskar möjligheten för ökad tvärsnittsarea blir optimering av ledaren extra viktig. För att undersöka problemet utvecklades en simuleringsmodell med hjälp av Comsol. Denna programvara använder för att utvärdera spänningskoncentrationer, maxtemperatur, förluster och utböjningar i busbaren. För att undersöka eventuella lösningar togs det fram flera geometriska variationer till busbaren, där möjligheten att använda en “U-form” utgjorde basen i en jämförelse mot en vanlig rakbusbar. För U-formen undersöktes U-höjden, böj-radien samt tvärsnittsformen. Även en jämförelse mellan nickelpläterad koppar och anodiserad aluminiumgenomfördes för att urskilja eventuella för och nackdelar med materialen. Resultaten från simuleringarna visade att U-formen gav klart lägre spänning i kontaktpunkterna. Även tvärsnittsformen påverkade temperaturen och spänningen i busbaren, där den plattare varianten presterade bättre på alla parametrar som undersöktes i simuleringen. För utvärderingen av materialet utfördes två tester, det första testet jämför en busbar i aluminium mot en i koppar med exakt samma geometri, detta testvisade att temperaturen samt spänningen blir lägre i aluminiumvarianten, dock ökar förlusterna kraftigt då aluminium har högre resistans än koppar. I den andra testet användes en kompenserad aluminiumbusbar där tvärsnittsarean har ökats för att ge samma resistans som kopparvarianten. Denna busbar fick en mycket lägre sluttemperatur, spänning och vikt. Förlusterna blev detsamma. Den högre tvärsnittsarean ger dock en fysiskt större busbar.
Puigdellivol, Goday Oriol. "Modélisation magnéto-thermique et optimisation topologique multi-objectif de busbars laminés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10056.
Full textPower electronics needs low inductance interconnections and operating temperatures below certain limits. Laminated busbars present low inductance compared with cables. Moreover, their flat geometry increases the heat exchange surface with the environment ensuring good thermal performances. In this PhD thesis we propose a comparison between different inductance calculation methods. The objective is to favor one according to the complexity of the problem to be solved. The inductance value is calculated during the switching loop taking place in the power converters. Several design rules are presented in order to minimize the inductance of the loop. Regarding the thermal management, we present an approach based on the 2D finite element method. The overlapping of the two-dimensional plates allows us to model the whole laminated busbar and faster way than a tridimensional study without losing precision. The boundary conditions are applied according to the overlapping between layers. Thanks to this approach, topology optimization techniques can be applied. Algorithms adapted to the industrial needs have been developed for the minimization of the inductance and the maximum temperature in busbars. These algorithms show good performances and are used in mono and multi-objective optimizations
Busboom, Melanie [Verfasser]. "Abrasionsarthroplastik bei osteochondralen Läsionen am oberen Sprunggelenk -funktionelles und klinisches Outcome- / Melanie Busboom." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/115476558X/34.
Full textBusby, Janine [Verfasser]. "Neuropathologische Veränderungen nach Schütteltrauma bei Kindern / Janine Busby." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023621924/34.
Full textSchreiner, Florian [Verfasser]. "Design of a three-stage cooled Current Lead for Superconducting High Current DC Busbars in Industrial Applications / Florian Schreiner." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210389606/34.
Full textChandler, William Drew. "1930s Gold Digger Films and #MeToo: Collaging Modernist Moments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7522.
Full textBusby, Karsten Eugene. "An Analysis of the Provo River Decree and Its Current Application to Provo Area Water Rights." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3726.
Full textKulač, Ivan. "Projekt logické ochrany přípojnic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220161.
Full textMokrý, Lukáš. "Výpočet tepelného pole rozvaděče UniGear 500R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221171.
Full textDe, Villiers Louw Nicolaas Francois. "Deficiences of practical eskom currently uses for setting out-of-step relays." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1450.
Full textIn the recent past the Eskom network operated out-of-step at three occasions. Eskom questions whether the out-of-step relays responded as they should have. This is based on the fact that not all the out-of-step relays operated during these events. This dissertation shows that shunts can make the impedance locus behave nonclassically to the extent that the present practices Eskom uses for out-of-step relaying become inappropriate for application at certain busbars of the network. This is illustrated by showing that when the characteristic of the relay at Hydra, situated on the Mpumalanga side of Hydra, is set using the classical approach, the mentioned relay will not detect swings that have their electrical centre south of Hydra. A modified two generator model is used to show the effect shunts have. The phrase “improved two generator model” refers to this model. The improved two generator model is derived to represent the section of the Eskom network that links Mpumalanga to the Western Cape.
Jandrell, Ian Robert. "Attenuation of very fast transients in Sf6 insulated high voltage busducts. theoretical and experimental considerations of the effect of a ferromagnetic coating applied to busbars." Thesis, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25459.
Full textParticularly at the higher system voltages, certain faults have been attributed to VFTs. This work presents a full frequency domain mathematical model of the effects likely to be introduced by the application of a thin ferromagnetic coating to the surfaces of the busbars as a means of attenuating these transients. Experimental verification shows the model to perform accurately as an analysis tool for a continuous coated co-axial system. While comparison between the model developed here (based on a planar conductor) and the very accurate Bessel function solution is presented, it must be remembered that it is not feasible to include the effects of coatings in the latter solution. Hence it is used merely as a bench-mark for improvements to the general model. Consideration is also given to the transient skin effect, and this is shown to result in an increased attenuation of VFTs. detectable during high voltage experimentation. The frequency domain model is extended to that of a full travelling wave model for VFTs in GIS. The Fourier technique is used to move between the frequency and time domains. Laboratory results obtained at high voltage.show that this technique will introduce both risetime increase and peak magnitude attenuation of VFTs. As the most frequent faults directly attributable to disconnector operation are known to be faults to earth at the switch, it is noted that the technique proposed in this work is uniquely suited for use in a design strategy that requires totally robust disconnectors at the expense of more severe VFTs in the GIS. The model is used to determine a range of physical characteristics of materials suitable for use in this application. While the characteristics of the most suitable materials have therefore been established, it is concluded that extensive metallurgical experimentation remains before this technique may be economically applied.
Andrew Chakane 2018
Paci, Viva. "De l'attraction au cinéma." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18013.
Full textAdam, Robert. "Beitrag zur thermischen Dimensionierung von Niederspannungs-Schaltgerätekombinationen." 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36402.
Full textIn low-voltage engineering the systems for transmission and distribution of electric energy are named as low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies. The systems have to perform their functions maintenance free as much as possible for a period of some decades. To achieve a long-time stable operation, the systems have to be designed thermally at least according to standards. In this thesis the thermal network method is used to calculate the heating of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies reliably and efficiently. The thermal network method simulates the processes of heating by heat sources, temperature sources thermal resistors and thermal capacities. The thermal power losses which are produced in the heat sources of the systems have significant influence on the heating of switchgear and controlgear assemblies. The dominant heat sources (main heat sources) within low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies are researched at this thesis and the results are integrated to the thermal network method. The results are used to calculate the heating of various electrical components of a low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly using the thermal network method and verified by means of experiments. The thermal networks of the individual components are interconnected to form the overall thermal network of a low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly. The temperatures computed with this thermal network are then verified by experiments at the test setup of a low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly. In low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies one of the main heat sources are the ohmic losses in the current paths of the main busbars and the distribution busbars. If the busbars are loaded with a three-phase current, the generated power losses of every individual subconductors are significantly influenced by the current displacement due to the skin effect and the superposed proximity effect. The power losses of each individual subconductor differ by the power factor k3~ compared to a DC load. For three-phase busbar systems with several subconductors there is only insufficient information on the power factor k3~ which takes into account the current displacement by the skin effect and the proximity effect. In this thesis, FEM models were developed to calculate the power factor k3~ for different busbar systems. The results were verified by experimental investigations. The installed electrical devices for switching, isolating and protection (e. g. circuit breakers, disconnectors, devices for disconnecting and fuses) are further main heat sources in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies. In addition to the main switching contacts themselves, thermal protection trips and the fuses are the main heat sources in the current paths of the switching devices. In order to calculate the heating of the electrical devices properly, the structure of the current paths and the distribution of the electrical resistances have to be known. In general these resistances can only determine by measuring. On one hand, it was found that the measured resistances vary widely even inside the same device. On the other hand, the resistances of the switching contacts are dominating, that up to 47 % of the entire power losses of a molded case circuit breaker can be generated there. Conditioned by the more and more compact design of the switchgears, the three-phase fields of the main busbars causes high magnetic fields at the surrounding metallic components. High power losses can therefore occur in housings, panels, walls, casings and enclosures in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, which have a significant influence on the heating of the systems. Computational and experimental investigations have shown that typical arrangements of busbars and enclosures result in power losses of up to 32.7% of the total power losses measured in the test setup. If the results of the investigated heat sources are integrated into the networks of the various equipment of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, the thermal networks set up enable the calculation of temperatures with small deviations (+4.4 K, -3.5 K) compared with measured temperatures. The verified and modularised thermal networks of the equipment provide an efficient and economical way of setting up heating networks of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies.:1 Einleitung 1 2 Problemstellung 2 2.1 Stand der Technik / Ausgangssituation 2 2.2 Normen zur Erwärmung 3 2.3 Aufgabenstellung 5 2.4 Aufbau der Versuchsanlage 7 3 Grundlagen der Erwärmungsberechnung 11 3.1 Erzeugte Wärmeleistungen 11 3.2 Wärmeübertragung 17 3.3 Erwärmungsberechnung mit Wärmenetzen 39 4 Grundlagen zur Stromverdrängung 43 4.1 Stromdichteverteilung im Vollzylinder 43 4.2 Stromverdrängung und der Leistungsfaktor k 48 5 Untersuchungen zu den Wärmequellen 54 5.1 Stromwärmeverluste in den elektrischen Leiter von Sammel- und Feldverteilerschienen 57 5.2 Stromwärmeverluste in Schaltgeräten und zugehörigen Betriebsmitteln 90 5.3 Wirbelstrom- und Hystereseverluste in Metallteilen 105 6 Wärmenetze für die Betriebsmittel einer Niederspannungs- Schaltgerätekombination 126 7 Wärmenetz einer Niederspannungs-Schaltgerätekombination 148 8 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 155 9 Literaturverzeichnis 158 10 Anhang 163
Fuhrmann, Torsten. "Kontakt- und Langzeitverhalten von stromführenden Schraubenverbindungen mit vernickelten und versilberten Leitern aus Aluminiumwerkstoffen." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70891.
Full textA bolted joint is one technical possibility for mechanically and electrically connecting two busbars made of aluminium. This stationary connection shall carry the operating current for more than 30 years without exceeding the permissible limiting temperature given by international standards. For long-term stable, current-carrying connections a good electrical contact behaviour with a low initial value of the joint resistance is required after bolting. The joint resistance depends on contact force and can be measured at the constructed electrical joint for each combination of joining elements, conductor materials and pretreatment of conductor surfaces. General calculations for the electrical contact behaviour of current-carrying joints with flat contact surfaces, such as bolted joints with busbars, were not possible until now. In this thesis numerical calculations and experimental investigations were used to establish the relationship between mechanical and electrical contact behaviour of a bolted joint with busbars. In the first step, the inhomogeneous distribution of the mechanical stress was calculated on the contact area between two busbars. In the second step, a calculation model for the joint resistance and the contact resistance was created and verified by experiments. The joint resistance can increase by different ageing mechanisms depending on operating temperature and time. Ageing by the reduction of contact force was investigated on bolted joints with uncoated busbars made of various aluminium alloys. In long-term tests, these joints were loaded with temperatures between 80 °C and 160 °C. The contact forces and joint resistances were determined for up to four years of operation. Bolted joints with spring elements and without spring elements were investigated. Based on the results of these long-term tests, the contact force was calculated for up to 30 years of operation and compared with the experimentally determined minimum contact force of the joint. Together with the temperature and time dependent behaviour of the conductor materials, the long-term stability of the joints was evaluated for the case of constant thermal load during operation. Furthermore, permissible limiting temperatures at which no softening occurs during operation could be determined for various aluminium alloys. An identical limiting temperature of 115 °C is permanently permitted for bolted joints with nickel-coated and silver-coated busbars [N1] but the mechanical and electrical properties of the materials for these metallic coatings are very different. The chemical reactivity of both coatings also differs according to the environment. In long-term tests at current-carrying joints and joints which were aged in ovens at temperatures of (115 and 140) °C, the joint resistances were determined up to an operating time of t = 25.000 hours. Bolted joints with two identical coated busbars and also bolted joints with one coated and one bare busbar made of aluminium were investigated and evaluated. The influence of metallic coatings with different intermediate layers and layer thicknesses on the contact and long-term behaviour of the joints were examined. Due to interdiffusion between different materials, intermetallic compounds (IMC) can be formed. The ageing of bolted joints with coated busbars caused by the formation of IMC with poor electrical and mechanical properties compared to pure metals was investigated.:1 Einleitung 2 Werkstoffe für elektrische Leiter und metallische Überzüge 2.1 Aluminiumwerkstoffe für die Elektrotechnik 2.1.1 Einfluss der Mikrostruktur 2.1.2 Herstellen, Umformen und Nachbehandeln 2.1.3 Ausscheidungshärten von Al-Mg-Si-Legierungen 2.2 Metallische Überzüge aus Silber und Nickel 2.2.1 Elektrolytisches Beschichten 2.2.2 Autokatalytisches Beschichten 3 Grundlagen zu stromdurchflossenen Flächenkontakten 3.1 Kontaktverhalten in einer Schraubenverbindung mit Stromschienen 3.2 Gütefaktor zum Beurteilen der Qualität der stromführenden Verbindung 4 Alterung stromführender Verbindungen 4.1 Chemische Reaktionen 4.2 Kraftabbau in einer Schraubenverbindung 4.2.1 Elastische und plastische Verformung 4.2.2 Zeit- und temperaturabhängige Werkstoffentfestigung 4.2.3 Viskoplastische Verformung abhängig von der Temperatur 4.2.4 Berechnen der Kontaktkraft 4.3 Interdiffusion zwischen unterschiedlichen metallischen Werkstoffen 4.3.1 Metallische Überzüge aus Silber 4.3.2 Metallische Überzüge aus Nickel als Zwischen- und Deckschicht 5 Aufgabenstellung 6 Untersuchungen zu beschichteten und unbeschichteten elektrischen Flächenkontakten 6.1 Experimentell ermittelte Eigenschaften der Aluminiumwerkstoffe 6.2 Geometrie der untersuchten Stromschienen und Fügeelemente der Schraubenverbindungen 6.2.1 Schraubenverbindung ohne federnde Fügeelemente (OFF) 6.2.2 Schraubenverbindung mit federnden Fügeelementen (MFF) [79] 6.3 Vorbehandlung, Montage und Inbetriebnahme der Langzeitversuche 6.4 Erzeugen und Messen der Kontaktkraft im Langzeitversuch 7 Elektrisches Kontakt- und Langzeitverhalten von Schraubenverbindungen mit unbeschichteten Stromschienen 7.1 Untersuchungen zum Kontaktverhalten 7.1.1 Mechanisches Berechnungsmodell 7.1.2 Elektrisches Berechnungsmodell 7.2 Untersuchungen zum Langzeitverhalten 7.2.1 Zeit- und temperaturabhängige Härte des Aluminiums 7.2.2 Zeit- und temperaturabhängige elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Aluminiums 7.2.3 Versuchsergebnisse zum Langzeitverhalten 7.2.4 Abschätzen der Restkontaktkraft 7.2.5 Zusammenhang zwischen der Kraft und dem Widerstand der Verbindung 7.3 Zusammenfassung 8 Elektrisches Kontakt- und Langzeitverhalten von Schraubenverbindungen mit vernickelten und versilberten Stromschienen 8.1 Untersuchungen zum Kontaktverhalten 8.2 Langzeitverhalten von Schraubenverbindungen mit zwei identisch beschichteten Stromschienen 8.2.1 Zeit- und temperaturabhängige Härte der metallischen Überzugwerkstoffe 8.2.2 Zeit- und temperaturabhängige elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Ni P (Typ 5) 8.3 Kraftabbau an Schraubenverbindungen mit zwei identisch beschichteten Stromschienen 8.4 Langzeitverhalten von Schraubenverbindungen mit einer beschichteten und einer unbeschichteten Stromschiene 8.5 Mikroskopische Untersuchungen 8.6 Weitere Untersuchungen zur Alterung von Schraubenverbindungen mit zwei vernickelten Stromschienen 8.6.1 Einfluss des Phosphorgehaltes in metallischen Überzügen aus Ni P 8.6.2 Einfluss der Art der thermischen Alterungsprüfung – Dauerlast / Wechsellast 8.7 Zusammenfassung 9 Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Anhang