Dissertations / Theses: 'Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)'

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Hafner, Timothy. "The Effects of Within-Row Spacings & Cultivars on the Yield of Bush Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2428.

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The effects of within-row spacings and cultivars on the yield of bush snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied in two experiments. In each experiment, two cultivars and four within-row spacings (8, 15, 23 and 30 cm) were arranged in a split-plot with four replications. Spacing treatments were the whole plots and cultivars were the split plots. In 1988, the two cultivars were 'Blue Lake 274' and 'White Half Runner'. In 1989, the cultivars were 'Blue Lake 274' and 'Kentucky Wonder 125'. All rows were spaced 91 cm apart. Pods were harvested and oven dried. The data were subjected to analysis of vlriance procedure for a split-plot design, assuming a fixed model. In 1988, White Half Runner was significantly higher yielding than Blue Lake 274. In 1989, yield of Kentucky Wonder 125 was significantly greater than that of Blue Lake 274. Bean yields were significantly influenced by spacing treatments in 1988 and 1989. Yields per plant were significantly higher for the 30-cm than for the 15- and 8-cm spacings. Yields for the 23-cm spacing treatment were significantly higher than those for the 8-cm treatment. Yields per meter of row showed no significant differences at any spacings. The linear effect for spacings was significant for both yield per meter of row and yield per plant in 1988 and 1989.

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Widodo. "The Effects of Spacings & Cultivars on Biological Yields, Yields, Component of Yield & Harvest Index of Green Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2967.

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The effects of cultivars and plant spacings on biological yield, seed yield, seeds per pod, average seed weight, and harvest index of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied in 1987 and 1988. Two cultivars, 'Blue Lake 27' and 'Kentucky Wonder 125' and four plant spacings -- 7, 14, 21, and 28 cm, constituted eight treatments that were arranged in a split-plot with four replications. Each experimental unit or hill consisted of five plants -- four in the corners and one in the center of a square. Spacings treatment were established by varying the distance between the center plant and the four corner plants. Corner plants provided competition; only the center plant was harvested for experimental data. The data were subjected to analysis of variance procedure for a split-plot design, assuming a fixed model. The cultivars had similar biological yield curves during the 1987 growing season and did not differ significantly for biological yield at the final harvest either year. Kentucky Wonder 125 produced significantly higher average seed weight and harvest index, but fewer seeds per pod, than did Blue Lake 274. In 1987, seed yield per plant was higher for Blue Lake 274 than for Kentucky Wonder 125; however, the cultivars did not differ significantly for seed yield per plant in 1988. Spacing treatment effects were not significant when expressed through seed yield per plant, seeds per pod, average seed weight, or harvest index. Spacings affected biological yield significantly in 1988, but not in 1987. The linear response of biological yield to spacing was positive and significant both years. The linear effect of spacings on pod yield was significant in 1988, but not in 1987. Drought conditions in 1987 and 1988 adversely affected bean growth and seed production. The experimental error, as evidenced by large coefficients of variation for treatment means, was unusually high. Consequently, some true cultivar and spacing effects may not have been detected.

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Gómez, Oscar. "Evaluation of Nicaraguan common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a476.pdf.

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Korban, Martine. "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41644.

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Regeneration and shoot multiplication of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'ICA Pijao') from half-cotyledonary nodes was achieved on modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium amended with 5 $ mu$M 6-benzylaminopurine. Histological studies confirmed the adventitious origin of the regenerated buds. Shoots were rooted ex vitro and developed into morphologically normal plants compared with seed-grown controls. The relative susceptibility of bean tissues to infection by a collection of wild-type Agrobacterium strains was tested. Positive transformation events were evaluated based on morphological and biochemical changes observed following Agrobacterium infection. The A. tumefaciens strain C58 was particularly virulent on greenhouse-grown plants, in vitro-derived stem sections, half-cotyledonary nodes and seedlings. A sensitive and rapid method was developed to detect opines using thin layer chromatography. Transient $ beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression was detected in 'ICA Pijao' bean buds regenerated from half-cotyledonary nodes following Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer with the binary vector pGV1040 or p35SGUSINT. Four out of eight putative transformants contained the chimeric GUSINT gene following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. This was confirmed by Southern analysis of blotted PCR gels. However, there was no stable integration of the GUSINT gene as none of the R1 progeny showed an amplified GUSINT fragment with PCR.

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DESIDERIO, FRANCESCA. "Origin and domestication of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242368.

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Biagetti, Eleonora. "The genomic consequences of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) domestication." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242840.

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La domesticazione è un importante processo evolutivo che ha determinato la codipendenza tra le specie coltivate e l’uomo grazie a cambiamenti genetici avvenuti nelle piante coltivate e fissati dalla selezione operata dall’uomo. Il fagiolo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) presenta una storia evoluzionaria unica caratterizzata dalla presenza di due principali pool genici, geograficamente e geneticamente distinti, quello Mesoamericano e quello Andino, in cui si sono verificati almeno due eventi di domesticazione indipendenti. In questo lavoro il sequenziamento dell’RNA (RNA-Seq) è stato impiegato per analizzare l’intero trascrittoma del fagiolo a partire da 64 accessioni selvatiche e domesticate appartenenti ai due principali pool genici di questa specie. L’elevato numero di polimorfismi identificati è stato impiegato per inferenze di genetica di popolazione con lo scopo di approfondire le conseguenze della domesticazione in fagiolo. Una drastica riduzione della diversità nucleotidica (~60%) è stata osservata per le forme domesticate rispetto a quelle selvatiche. In particolare sono state evidenziate tracce di selezione nel 9% dei geni ottenuti da un approccio di assemblaggio de novo, sequenziando 21 genotipi selvatici e domesticati, principalmente dal Mesoamerica. In parallelo, il processo di domesticazione ha comportato in Mesoamerica anche la diminuzione della diversità di espressione (18%; Capitolo 1), con una più ampia riduzione (26%) nella porzione del tracrittoma sotto selezione. Usando il genoma del fagiolo come riferimento inoltre sono confrontati gli effetti della domesticazione del fagiolo sulla diversità genetica sia nel pool genico Mesoamericano che in quello Andino. Una perdita di diversità genetica tre volte inferiore associata con la domesticazione è stata riscontrata nelle Ande rispetto al Mesoamerica come risultato del collo di bottiglia avvenuto in questo pool genico prima del processo di domesticazione. Domestication is a fundamental evolutionary process that induced a co-dependence between crop plants and humans, resulting in genetic modifications of plants due to human selection. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) presents a unique evolutionary history among crops, as it characterized by the presence of two main geographically and genetically distinct gene pools, Mesoamerican and Andean, where at least two independent domestication events occurred. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) strategy to investigate the whole common bean transcriptome as of 64 wild and domesticated accessions from the two gene pools. We identified a high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms that we used for population genetics inferences with the aim to scrutinize the consequences of common bean domestication. A drastic reduction in nucleotide diversity (~60%) was evident for the domesticated compared to the wild forms. In particular, as main outcome in the chapter one, we highlighted signature of selection in the 9% of genes achieved from a de novo assembling approach, sequencing 21 wild and domesticated genotypes, mainly from Mesoamerica. In parallel, the domestication process in Mesoamerica was found to influence also the expression pattern, involving a decrease in the expression diversity (18%) with a broader reduction (26%) in the portion of transcriptome under selection. In the second chapter, using the common bean genome as reference, we have compared the effects of common bean domestication on genetic diversity in both the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. A loss of genetic diversity three-fold lower associated with domestication was observed in the Andes compared with the Mesoamerica as result of a bottleneck occurred in this region before domestication.

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Maxwell-Benson, Kelli S. "Balancing biological and chemical nitrogen in irrigated Phaseolus vulgaris (L) cropping systems." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313917301&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Mathobo, Rudzani. "Maximizing dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production through selected agronomic practices." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65912.

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Dry bean production in South Africa is lower than required for human consumption. Dry beans are rich in protein and thus an ideal replacement for expensive meat protein, especially for rural and poor communities in South Africa. To meet local demand, efforts to improve the yields obtained by small scale and subsistence farmers are needed. Therefore a series of experiments were conducted to investigate how dry bean production can be improved or optimized using selected agronomic practices. The objectives of the study were to determine the stability of dry bean varieties under the climatic conditions of Limpopo, to determine the impact of planting dry bean at lower or higher than recommended planting populations, to determine the effect of deficit irrigation and drought stress on dry bean production and to calibrate and validate SWB model in dry bean. The latter is of huge importance in South Africa where water resources are limited. The desirable genotype in terms of high mean yield was OPS-RS1 and the desirable environment in terms of high mean yield was Tshiombo irrigation scheme. The GGE biplot analysis resulted in meaningful and useful summary of GE interaction data and assisted in examining natural relationships and variations in genotype performance across tested environments. According to GGE biplot OPS-RS1 can be characterized as the genotype with the highest mean yield and high in stability. The results revealed that the interaction relationship between dry bean varieties and plant populations significantly influenced the grain yield per area, grain yield per plant, chlorophyll content, and plant height at 62 and 98 DAP (days after planting), while it affected dry matter production at 30, 62 and 98 DAP. The highest grain yield was achieved with OPS-RS2 at 150 000 plants per hectare (3.802 t ha-1) in 2012. The number of seeds per plant was influenced by plant population and dry bean variety. The number of pods per plant was only influenced by plant population. A plant population of 150 000 plants per hectare was found to be the most suitable for both determinate and indeterminate dry bean varieties. The introduction of deficit irrigation resulted in a significant reduction in plant height, number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant. The reduction in number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant resulted in a significant reduction in grain yield. The shelling % and 100 seed mass were not significantly influenced by deficit irrigation. Treatment S3 resulted in the poorest results throughout. The results revealed that deficit irrigation can result in substantial yield reduction in dry beans. There is thus a need for further research to develop drought tolerant varieties of dry beans. The introduction of drought stress resulted in a reduction in dry matter production, leaf area index, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, seed size and finally grain yield. The treatments S2 and S3 performed poorly throughout. The results also revealed that 100 seed mass, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, total dry matter yield at 92 DAP and leaf area were all positively correlated to grain yield. Water use efficiency was significantly affected by drought stress. The results suggest that drought stress towards the end of the growing season may not cause serious harm in grain yield. The results of the study indicate that drought stress effects on photosynthetic rate were highly significant, with a reduction of up to 45%. The reduction of photosynthesis at 63 and 105 DAP was greatly due to reduced stomatal conductance. Drought stress resulted in a reduction in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also affected by drought stress. The minimal chlorophyll fluorescence (F0) was increased by drought stress, accompanied by a reduction in the maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm) and Fv/Fm. Drought stress can have serious effects on leaf gaseous exchange rate and chlorophyll fluorescence, depending on the growth stage of the plant and the duration of drought stress. The SWB model was successfully calibrated and validated for dry beans. The results revealed that the model can be used for scenario simulation for future planning. Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. Plant Production and Soil Science PhD Unrestricted

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Oliveira, Antônio Alberto Rocha. "Mycorrhizal effects on the growth of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76190.

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Oliveira, Antônio Alberto Rocha. "Mycorrhizal effects on the growth of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157947.

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Goretti, Daniela. "Footprint of domestication in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genome." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242060.

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Il fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) è una specie annuale diploide (2n = 2x = 22), prevalentemente autocompatibile; è il più importante legume da granella per il consumo diretto. La specie è caratterizzata da due principali pool genici, quello mesoamericano e quello andino, ed in ognuno dei due il fagiolo ha subito una domesticazione indipendente. Molti studi hanno investigato la diversità molecolare e fenotipica e la struttura della popolazione del fagiolo comune, ma non sono molte le informazioni riguardanti la sua diversità nucleotidica. In questo lavoro, è stato studiato il processo di domesticazione in Mesoamerica mediante il sequenziamento di 54 frammenti genici in un set di 47 accessioni di fagiolo, molte delle quali provenenti dal Mesoamerica (39; sia genotipi selvatici che domesticati). Otto accessioni addizionali sono state incluse come controlli: quattro di origine andina, due da popolazioni selvatiche del Nord Perù ed Ecuador caratterizzate dalla faseolina di tipo I (proteina di riserva del seme), e un’accessione di P. coccineus e di P. dumosus. Questo studio rappresenta il primo tentativo di approccio “bottom-up” per identificare loci coinvolti nel processo di domesticazione di P. vulgaris, identificando tre geni come putativi target della selezione artificiale durante la domesticazione in Mesoamerica. L’uso di dati nucleotidici ha permesso di identificare chiaramente una riduzione di diversità genetica e un più esteso linkage disequilibrium nelle forme domesticate rispetto alle selvatiche da imputare al bottleneck della domesticazione. La struttura della popolazione, le analisi PCA, l’albero NJ e i network degli aplotipi hanno indicato un singolo evento di domesticazione in Mesoamerica. Infine, un risultato del presente studio è stata l’individuazione di 825 SNPs. Questi polimorfismi rappresentano uno strumento utile in diversi tipi di studi su P. vulgaris, come quelli di tipo evoluzionistico, di genetica di popolazione o studi di associazione tra tratti agronomici importanti e marker da usare nei programmi di incrocio. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a diploid (2n = 2x = 22) annual species that is predominantly self-pollinating, and it is the most important grain legume for direct human consumption. This species is characterised by two major geographically distinct gene pools that predate its domestication, and where two independent domestication events occurred: Mesoamerica and the Andes. Many studies have investigated the molecular and phenotypic diversity and the population structure of the common bean, although little information is available on the level and extent of its nucleotide diversity. Here, we focused on the domestication process in Mesoamerica by sequencing 54 gene fragments from a set of 47 accessions of the common bean, most of which were from Mesoamerica (39; as both wild and domesticated forms). Eight additional accessions were included as controls: four from the Andes, two from northern Peru–Ecuador wild populations that are characterised by phaseolin type I (a seed storage protein), and one each of Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus dumosus accessions. This study is the first to use a bottom-up approach to identify loci involved in the domestication process of P. vulgaris, and we have identified three outlier genes that might have been the target of artificial selection during the domestication process in Mesoamerica. The use of nucleotide data allowed the identification of a clear reduction in diversity and a higher level of linkage disequilibrium in the domesticated forms, clearly due to the domestication bottleneck. Population structure, principal component, neighbour-joining tree, and network haplotype analyses indicate the occurrence of a single domestication event in Mesoamerica. Finally, an additional outcome of the present study is the identification of 825 single nucleotide polymorphisms. These polymorphisms represent a useful tool for different studies, such as evolutionary studies for Phaseolus species, population genetics studies, and association studies between important agronomic traits and markers for use in breeding programmes.

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Fess, Tiffany L. "Organic management of Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant) in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5893.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 98 p. : col. ill., col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).

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Mjwara, Jabulani Michael. "The effect of elevated CO₂ on Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Contender." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003784.

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The response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender grown in controlled environmental conditions, at either ambient or elevated (360 and 700 μmol mol ̄¹, respectively) CO₂ concentrations ([CO₂]), was monitored from 10 days after germination (DAG) until the onset of senescence. Elevated CO₂ had a pronounced effect on total plant height (TPH), leaf area (LA), dry weight (DW) accumulation and specific leaf area (SLA). All of these were significantly increased by elevated [CO₂] with the exception of SLA, which was significantly reduced. Except for higher initial relative growth rates (RGR) in CO₂-enriched plants, RGR did not differ significantly between the two CO₂ treatments throughout the remainder of growth period. While growth parameters clearly differed between CO₂ treatments, the effects of CO₂ on many physiological processes including net assimilation rate (NAR), Rubisco activity, and some foliar nutrient concentrations were largely transient. For example, CO₂ enrichment significantly increased NAR, but from 20 DAG onward, NAR declined to levels measured on plants grown under ambient CO₂. Similarly, the decline in both foliar N concentration and Rubisco activity in CO₂-enriched plants after 20 DAG was significantly greater than the decline observed for ambient CO₂ plants. Soluble leaf protein and total chlorophylls (a+b) were also significantly reduced in plants grown under elevated CO₂. Chlorophyll (a/b) ratios increased with time underelevated CO₂, indicating that the rate of decline of chlorophyll b was higher than that of chorophyll α. No significant changes in total carotenoid (x+c) levels were observed in either CO₂ treatment. Under enhanced CO₂, the foliar concentrations of K and Mn were increased significantly, while P, Ca, Fe and Zn were reduced significantly. However, changes in Mg and Cu concentrations were not significant. High CO₂-grown plants also exhibited pronounced leaf discoloration or chlorosis, coupled with a significant reduction in leaf longevity. The levels of non-structural carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, fructose and starch) and nitrogenous compounds (nitrogen, total soluble proteins and free amino acids) were determined for leaves and developing seeds of P. vulgaris. Leaf tissue of elevated CO₂-grown plants accumulated significantly higher levels of both soluble sugars and starch. Leaf ultrastructure revealed considerable erilargement of starch grain sizes with surface areas more than five times larger compared to those of control plants. No apparent differences in structure and membrane integrity of chloroplasts in both CO₂ treatments were noted. Although ambient CO₂-grown plants had comparatively low levels of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), they accumulated significantly higher levels of nitrogenous compounds. The levels of NSC were consistently higher in seeds of plants grown under elevated CO₂. In comparison to plants grown at elevated [CO₂], pods and seeds of ambient CO₂-grown plants had significantly larger pools of free amino compounds and N. Stomatal conductance (gs) declined significantly, as expected for plants grown under elevated CO₂. This was accompanied by a decline in transpiration rates (E). Reduced gs and E led to high AlE ratio, which meant improved water use efficiency (WUE) values for CO₂-enriched bean plants. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination (∆) against the heavier isotope of carbon (¹³C), has been used to select for high WUE in C₃ plants. In plants grown at elevated CO₂ concentration, ,1 was significantly reduced. Although ∆ was negatively correlated with WUE in both CO₂ treatments, the correlation was steeper and highly negative for CO₂-enriched plants. These results indicate underlying differences in gas-exchange physiology, including stomatal responses between ambient and elevated CO₂-grown plants. Photosynthetic acclimation was investigated using the response of assimilation to internal carbon dioxide concentration (A/C₁ curves). At early stages of growth, the initial slope of the A/C₁ response curve did not differ with CO₂ treatment. In contrast, CO₂-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) was significantly higher in plants grown under elevated versus ambient CO₂ at 15 DAG. However, at subsequent stages of growth both the initial slope and Amax declined in bean plants grown in elevated CO₂. Apparent carboxylation efficiency (ACE, estimated from the initial slope of A/C₁ response) values followed a similar trend and were significantly reduced in CO₂-enriched plants. These results indicate that acclimation or negative adjustment of photosynthesis may have been caused by a combination of both stomatal and biochemical limitations. Bean plants grown under conditions of elevated atmospheric CO₂ flowered 3 to 4 days earlier, and produced significantly more flowers and pods than plants grown at ambient conditions. Plants grown at elevated CO₂ aborted 22 and 20% more flowers and pods, respectively, than plants grown at ambient CO₂. Elevated CO₂ also significantly increased the number of tillers or lateral branches produced by plants, which contributed to a significant increase in pod number and seed yield in these plants. Although plants grown at elevated CO₂ produced on average 8 seeds per pod, while plants grown under ambient CO2 conditions produced 5 seeds per pod, the greater number of seeds was offset by lower seed weights in plants grown under _ elevated CO₂. Thus, despite high seed yield in beans grown under elevated CO₂, the harvest index (HI) did not change significantly between CO₂ treatments.

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Rodriguez, R. Alberto A. "Seed quality influence on nitrogen fixation of red field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740720024.

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Beattie, Aaron D. "Application of marker-assisted selection to breeding of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33207.pdf.

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Wattimena, Synodalia Chrisma. "Studies of factors affecting virulence of Chalara elegans on bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61614.pdf.

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Hamdan, Maha Abbas Moh'd Salah. "Differential responses of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to elicitor fractions from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/1d2648c6-5e5a-4b32-8eed-5ad915b58c53/1/.

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Polysaccharide elicitor preparations from culture filtrate and cell walls of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum had broadly similar monosaccharide compositions. Treatment with culture filtrate or cell wall elicitors had no effect on the electrolyte leakage from bean leaf slices or mesophyll cells and resulted in similarly reduced viability of suspension cultured bean cells. Both elicitor preparations had similar effects on the induction of extractable activities, synthesis and mRRA activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase, on the induction of synthesis and mRRA activities of chalcone synthase multiple subunit isoforms in bean cell suspension cultures and on the patterns of active phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase multiple forms separated by chromatofocussing. Both qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the effects of the two elicitor preparations on the accumulation of 5-deoxy and 5-hydroxy isoflavonoids, deposition of wall-bound phenolics and on the levels of free and esterified hydroxycinnamic acids. The two elicitor preparations induced prolyl hydroxylase activity although only the cell wall elicitor induced accumulation of hydroxyproline in the cell walls of suspension cultured bean cells. In addition, although the overall patterns of polysomal mRRA activities in bean cell cultures following treatment with cell wall or culture filtrate elicitors were broadly similar, distinct differences were observed in the effects of the two elicitor preparations on the induction/reduction of the activities of mRNAs encoding a number of polypeptides as shown by two-dimensonal gel electrophoresis. An unaltered monosaccharide composition and ability to induce phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes were associated with all fractions obtained after chromatography of culture filtrate elicitor on the basis of size and charge. Fractions obtained after affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose had different monosaccharide compositions but exhibited similar effects on the viability of cultured cells and on the induction of synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase as did the crude culture filtrate elicitor. However, although the three Concanavalin A-Sepharose-purified fractions induced chalcone synthase activity to higher levels than the crude culture filtrate elicitor preparation, little or no induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone isomerase activities was observed following treatment with the Concanavalin A-unbound and a-methyl mannoside-eluted fractions. In addition, the Concanavalin A-Sepharose-purified fractions induced the activities of mRNAs encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the most basic chalcone synthase subunit isoform to higher levels than the culture filtrate elicitor. The three Concanavalin A-Sepharose-purified fractions had broadly similar effects on the overall patterns of protein synthesis in vitro although their effects were clearly different from those obtained with crude elicitor preparations. Possible physiological importance of putative multielicitar components with non-identical biological activities and their value in elucidating biochemical control mechanisms underlying regulation and co-ordination of host gene expression are discussed.

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Alislail, Nabeel Yonnis. "Influence of sodium chloride on tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray) and navy (Phaseolus vulgaris L) beans." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184985.

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Shoot and root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, leaf area, leaf area index and relative growth rate of 14 day old tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolis Gray) and navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings were reduced following treatment with NaCl solution exhibiting osmotic potential of either -0.25, 0.50, and -0.75 MPa. Salinity reduced the growth of navy bean more than tepary bean. The physiological basis of the adaptive response of tepary bean seedlings to salt stress was explored by determining the water and osmotic potentials, relative water content, free amino acid and sugar concentrations, distribution and levels of inorganic ions within the seedlings and ATPase activity of the root plasma membrane. Salinity led to an osmotic adjustment in the leaves and the proximal part of the root of tepary bean. Turgor remained almost constant whereas osmotic and water potential and relative water content declined following the salt treatments. The osmotic adjustment of the leaves and proximal part of the roots was -1.7 MPa and -1.2 MPa, respectively, in seedlings treated with -0.75 MPa NaCl solution. Free amino acids and sugars increased under salinity stress in both species but they increased more in the tepary bean. Glucose was the most abundant free sugar. The nonstructural carbon solutes contributed -0.15 MPa to the seedling's osmotic adjustment whereas Na, Cl, K and Ca ion levels contributed -0.85 MPa. However, the levels of these solutes were not large enough to account for the total osmotic adjustment observed in the salt treated seedlings. This study shows that tepary bean has specific strategies to overcome the impact of salinity through osmotic adjustment and exclusion of Na and Cl ions from the stems and leaves by retaining these ions in the proximal part of root and stem base. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

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Brigide, Priscila. "Disponibilidade de ferro em grãos de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) irradiados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-13082002-140756/.

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O feijão é a leguminosa mais consumida no Brasil, porém, o rendimento médio da lavoura no Brasil é baixo, devido, entre outros fatores, a infestação dos grãos. Para combater essas perdas, o processo de irradiação é uma alternativa saudável, quando comparada aos tratamentos químicos. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a disponibilidade de ferro em feijão comum irradiado (doses de 0, 2, 6 e 10 kGy) cru e submetido à cocção. Foi realizada a determinação da composição centesimal, dos antinutricionais (taninos e fitatos) e da diálise de ferro pelo método in vitro. A cocção diminuiu todos os itens da composição centesimal, com exceção dos carboidratos disponíveis, obtendo os seguintes teores: proteína 27,4 e 23,9; lipídeos 1,2 e 1,1; fibras 23,7 e 18,6, carboidratos 43,3 e 52,5, respectivamente, para grãos crus e cozidos. Houve também diminuição na quantidade de taninos a qual se correlacionou inversamente com as doses aplicadas, com exceção da dose de 2 kGy, variando de 1,56 (10 kGy) a 2,49 (2 kGy) para grãos crus e traços (10 kGy) a 0,103 (2 kGy) para grãos cozidos. Os teores de fitatos variaram de 4,63 (2 kGy) a 8,28 (0 kGy) e 5,29 (6 kGy) a 9,55 (0 kGy), respectivamente, para grãos crus e cozidos. Em relação ao ferro dialisado, os teores variaram de 1,16 (0 kGy a 2,39 (6 kGy) e 5,33 (0 kGy) a 8,02 (6 kGy), respectivamente, para grãos crus e cozidos. A irradiação com dose de 6 kGy apresentou efeito positivo em relação à disponibilidade do fe rro em feijão tanto cru como cozido, sendo recomendada para a utilização. Commom bean is the legume more consuming in Brazil, however, the average income of the farming in Brazil is low must the infestaction of the grains, to fight these losses the irradiation process is an alternative healthful if compared the chemical handlings. The objective of this research was evaluate the iron availability in irradiated raw and cooked beans (doses of 0, 2, 6 and 10 kGy). It was carried through the centesimal composition, antinutritional factors (tannins and phytate) and iron dialyses for the method in vitro. Cooking diminished the mainly components of the composition with exception of available carbohydrates, the protein content of 27.4 and 23.9; fat 1.2 and 1.1; fibre 23.7 and 18.6, carbohydrates 43.3 and 52.5; respectively for raw grains and cooked. It also had reduction in the amount of tannin which if correlated reversely with the applied doses, with exception of the dose of 2 kGy, varying of 1.56 (10 kGy) to 2.49 (2 kGy) to the for raw grains and traces (10 kGy) to 0.103 (2 kGy ) for grains cooked. The phytate varied of 4.63 (2 kGy) to 8.28 (0 kGy) and 5.29 (6 kGy) to the 9.55 (0 kGy), respectively for raw grains and cooked. In relation to the dialysed iron, the content varied of 1.16 (0 kGy) to 2.39 (6 kGy) and 5.33 (0 kGy) to the 8.02 (6 kGy), respectively for raw grains and cooked The dose of 6 kGy showed positive effect availability such as raw as cooked grain, it being recommended for the utilization.

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Mukoko, Olivia Zvinofa. "Breeding beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for resistance to bean common mosaic virus in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240145.

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Polania, Perdomo José A. "Morpho-physiological analysis of adaptive responses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to drought stress." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400243.

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El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es la leguminosa alimenticia más importante en los trópicos. Es cultivada por pequeños agricultores y por lo general expuesta a condiciones desfavorables con mínimo uso de insumos. La sequía y la baja fertilidad del suelo, especialmente deficiencias de nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P), son principales limitaciones para el rendimiento del frijol en los sistemas de pequeños productores. El frijol puede derivar parte de su requerimiento de N de la atmósfera a través de la fijación simbiótica de nitrógeno (SNF). El estrés por sequía limita severamente la capacidad SNF de las plantas. Identificación de rasgos asociados con resistencia a sequía contribuye a mejorar el proceso de generación de genotipos de frijol adaptados a estas condiciones. Se realizaron ensayos de campo en el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia, para determinar la relación entre rendimiento de grano y diferentes parámetros morfo fisiológicos tales como uso efectivo del agua (EUW), biomasa dosel, removilización de fotosintatos (índice de partición vaina, índice de cosecha, índice de cosecha de vaina) y capacidad de SNF en líneas élites seleccionadas por resistencia a sequía durante la última década. También se validó la metodología de abundancia natural de 15N usando tejido de grano para cuantificar diferencias fenotípicas en la capacidad SNF y su aplicación en programas de mejoramiento. Se utilizó discriminación de isótopo de carbono (CID) para la estimación de uso eficiente del agua (WUE) y uso efectivo de agua (EUW). Se evaluaron 36 genotipos de frijol pertenecientes al acervo genético mesoamericano en condiciones de campo con dos niveles de suministro de agua (riego y sequía) en dos temporadas. Adicionalmente, se realizó un estudio en condiciones de invernadero utilizando cilindros de plástico con suelo, para determinar la relación entre rendimiento de grano y diferentes características morfo fisiológicas de raíz tales como la longitud total de raíces, producción de raíces finas y tasa de crecimiento visual de raíces. La resistencia a estrés por sequía se asoció positivamente con EUW, raíces profundas y vigorosas, mejor crecimiento de las plantas, y superior movilización de fotosintatos a la formación de vaina y granos; y negativamente con días a floración y días a madurez fisiológica. Basándose en diferencias fenotípicas obtenidas en CID, conductancia estomática, biomasa del dosel y rendimiento de grano en condiciones de sequía, las líneas evaluadas se clasificaron en dos grupos, los ahorradores y los gastadores de agua. Estos dos grupos también se diferenciaron en sus características de raíces, los gastadores de agua con un vigoroso y profundo sistema de raíces y los ahorradores con un moderado a superficial sistema de raíces con mayor presencia de raíces finas. Se utilizó el método de abundancia natural de 15N para comparar capacidad de SNF estimada convencionalmente usando tejido foliar vs tejido de grano. Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva y significativa entre el nitrógeno derivado de la atmósfera (Ndfa) calculado utilizando tejido foliar y Ndfa usando el tejido de grano. El método usando grano mostró variabilidad fenotípica en la capacidad de SNF bajo condiciones de riego y sequía, y una reducción significativa en condiciones de sequía. Se recomienda usar este método en programas de mejoramiento de frijol para mejorar la capacidad SNF. Mejor habilidad SNF bajo estrés por sequía fue relacionada con presencia de raíces gruesas. Mayor absorción de nitrógeno del suelo fue asociado con un sistema de raíces fino y profundo. El índice de cosecha vaina, discriminación de isotopo de carbono y Ndfa usando tejido de grano podría ser criterios de selección útiles en los programas de mejoramiento para seleccionar frijol común con resistencia a la sequía. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume in the diet of poor people in the tropics. This legume is cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. Identification of traits associated with drought resistance contributes to improving the process of designing bean genotypes adapted to these conditions. Field studies were conducted at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia to determine the relationship between grain yield and different parameters in elite lines selected for drought resistance over the past decade. The selected traits were effective use of water (EUW), canopy biomass, remobilization of photosynthates to grain (pod partitioning index, harvest index and pod harvest index) and SNF ability. Moreover, in field trials we also validated the use of 15N natural abundance in grain tissue to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs aiming to improve SNF in common bean. Carbon isotope discrimination (CID) was used for estimation of water use efficiency (WUE) and effective use of water (EUW). A set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool were evaluated under field conditions with two levels of water supply (irrigated and rainfed) over two seasons. Additionally, a greenhouse study was conducted at CIAT using plastic cylinders with soil inserted into PVC pipes, to determine the relationship between grain yield and different root parameters such as total root length, fine root production and visual root growth rate in same group of elite lines under drought stress. Resistance to terminal drought stress was positively associated with EUW combined with a deeper and vigorous root system, better plant growth, and superior mobilization of photosynthates to pod and seed production, but negatively associated with days to flowering and days to physiological maturity. Based on phenotypic differences in CID, leaf stomatal conductance, canopy biomass and grain yield under drought stress, the tested lines were classified into two groups, water savers and water spenders. These groups also differ in their root characteristics, water spenders with a vigorous and deeper root system and water savers genotypes with a moderate to shallow root system and more presence of fine roots. We used 15N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. The results showed a significant positive correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa), estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling, and Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. The method showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions. A significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) can be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified bean lines that combine greater SNF ability with higher grain yield under drought stress. Better SNF ability under drought stress was related with superior presence of thick roots. Superior N uptake from the soil was associated with a large root system with more presence of fine roots. Pod harvest index, grain CID and Ndfa using grain tissue could be a useful selection criterion in breeding programs to select for drought resistance in common bean.

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Hannah, Matthew Alan. "Physiological and biochemical characterisation of the DL gene system in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250873.

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Chacon, Sanchez Maria Isabel. "Chloroplast DNA polymorphisms and the evolution and domestication of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367751.

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Chiaramonte, Josiane Barros. "The rhizosphere microbiome of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the effects on phosphorus uptake." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-17012019-161756/.

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The current population growth will demand a higher productive agriculture to full the food requirement. To supply this need and preserve the environment, many resources are applied to promote sustainable agriculture. Phosphorus depletion is the main factor that limits crops yields in tropical soils, where the pH and clay content rapid fixate this nutrient. Plant breeders aim to solve this issue by changing the plant requirements for phosphorus and adapting them to low P availability. However, with these approaches the demand for phosphorus fertilizers will continue and so the depletion of the natural deposits. In this study is proposed that plants with contrasting phosphorus uptake efficiency, i.e. P-efficient and P-inefficient, recruits distinct rhizosphere microbiome specialized in phosphorus mobilization. This hypothesis was tested growing plants in a gradient of two sources of P, triple superphosphate or rock phosphate Bayovar. Thebean rhizosphere microbiome was assessed with culture dependent and independent approaches, enzymatic assays, predictive metagenomics and networks analysis. A differential enrichment of several OTUs in the rhizosphere of the P-inefficient common bean genotype, and the enrichment of bacterial chemotaxis functions and functions involved in phosphorus mobilization suggest that this genotype has superior communication with the rhizosphere microbiome and is highly dependent on it for phosphorus mobilization. As a proof of concept, the P-efficientefficient genotype was sown in soil previously cultivated with P-inefficientinefficient genotype. The results showed that P-efficientefficient genotype positively responded to the modified rhizosphere in early stages, that is, the microbiome selected and enriched by the P-inefficient genotype improved the P uptake in the genotype cultivated afterwards in the same soil. Taken collectively, these results suggest that plants partly rely on the rhizosphere microbiome for P uptake and that the exploration of these interactions during plant breeding would allow the selection of even more efficient genotypes, leading to a sustainable agriculture by exploring soil residual P. O atual aumento populacional irá demandar uma maior produção agrícola para completar a necessidade de alimento. Para suprir essa necessidade e preservar o meio ambiente, muitos recursos serão aplicados para promover a agricultura sustentável. A depleção de fósforo é um dos principais fatores que limita a produção agrícola em solos tropicais, onde o pH e o conteúdo de argila fixam rapidamente esse nutriente. Os melhoristas de plantas visam solucionar esse problema alterando a necessidade de fósforo das plantas e adaptando-as as baixas disponibilidade de fósforo. No entanto, com essas estratégias a demanda por fertilizantes fosfatados irá continuar assim como a exploração das reservas naturais de fósforo. Nesse estudo foi proposto que as plantas contrastantes em relação a eficiência na absorção de fósforo, i.e. P-eficiente e P-ineficiente, recrutariam um microbioma rizosférico distinto em relação a mobilização de fósforo. Essa hipótese foi testada cultivando plantas em um gradiente usando duas fontes distintas de P, triplo fosfato ou fosfato de rocha Bayovar. O microbioma da rizosfera de feijão foi então avaliado por técnicas dependentes e independentes de cultivo, análise enzimática, predição metagenômica e análises de network. Um enriquecimento diferencial de várias OTUs observado na rizosfera do genótipo de feijão P-ineficiente, e o enriquecimento de funções de quimiotaxia bacteriana e envolvidas na mobilização de fósforo sugerem que esse genótipo tem uma maior comunicação com o microbioma rizosférico e é altamente dependente deste para a mobilização de fósforo. Como prova de conceito, o genótipo P-eficiente foi plantado em solo previamente cultivadocom o genótipo P-ineficiente. Os resultados mostraram que o genótipo P-eficiente responde positivamente à rizosfera modificada nos estádios iniciais de crescimento, ou seja, o microbioma selecionado e enriquecido pelo genótipo P-ineficiente melhorou a absorção de fósforo no genótipo cultivado posteriormente no mesmo solo. Coletivamente, esses resultados sugerem que as plantas dependem parcialmente do microbioma da rizosfera para a absorção de P e que a exploraçãodestas interações durante o melhoramento vegetal permitiria a seleção de genótipos muito mais eficientes, conduzindo à uma agricultura sustentável explorando o fósforo residual do solo.

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Wilson, Dale Owen. "Threshing injury and mathematical modeling of storage deterioration in field bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487268021746847.

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Castro, Neto Manoel Teixeira de. "Dry matter partitioning of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) under water deficit conditions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185649.

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Productivity of legume crops grown in semi-arid regions of the world is limited by drought. This study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on the physiological and morphological factors associated with productivity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under reduced water levels. Physiological factors measured were photosynthesis, water and osmotic potential, translocation, RGR and dry matter partitioning. Morphological traits of pods and seeds were studied with scanning electron microscope. Water stress reduced seed yield in cowpea and bean plants by decreasing total biomass and photosynthesis. The source leaf, pod and seed water potential of stressed cowpea was lower than water potential of nonstressed plants. Bean water potential and turgor of source leaf, pod walls, and seed were similar for both stressed and nonstressed plants over the reproductive period. No differences in water potential and turgor were observed between pod walls and seed and source leaves of either cowpea or bean plants. In both bean and cowpea, partitioning of the total above ground dry matter was similar for both stressed and nonstressed plants. However, more dry matter accumulated in seeds than in other plant structures. Photosynthetic rates of single leaves from either cowpea or bean were greater for nonstressed than stressed plants. The duration of seed growth of cowpea and bean was not different between stressed and nonstressed plants; however, rate of seed growth at the end of seed filling period was greater in nonstressed plants. Seed RGR of both stressed and nonstressed cowpea and bean plants declined at about the same time photosynthesis of the source leaf declined. LAI and NAR were greatest in nonstressed cowpea and bean plants. Sixty-one percent of ¹⁴C sucrose taken up by the leaves was translocated to the seeds whereas only about 80% ended up in the pod walls. Pod funiculus of stressed bean plants had more scalariform xylem vessels than nonstressed plants.

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Damiani, Caciana Bortolotto. "Avaliação de cultivares crioulas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resistentes ao caruncho." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1138.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV11MA092.pdf: 575332 bytes, checksum: 61d6eac8c15a64d6e7c5eb1e0b472c8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-20 Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of beans. However, the bean is attacked by various insects, from the field to storage, the main pest in the store is the weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus. With aim evaluate the resistance of genotypes and cultivars of beans to A. obtectus tests conducted on free choice and no choice. The free choice test was conducted with 19 genotypes and 3 commercial cultivars of beans. The test was conducted in randomized blocks with four replications composed of four plots with 22 Petri dish, containing 13 grams of the respective genotypes. Petri dishes were placed in plastic tray, where they were released 110 pairs of weevil, with 48 hours of life. Were evaluated: distribution, percentage distribution, total number of eggs and oviposition percentage in periods of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours, viability of eggs and immature, egg adult period, weight of adult insects and the mass of grains consumed by larvae. The no-choice test was carried out with five genotypes with lower oviposition and larval viability and 5 genotypes with high oviposition and larval viability test of free choice. The variables analyzed were: number of eggs, viability of eggs and immature, adult egg period, emergence, weight of insects and the mass of beans consumed by larvae. Conducted in completely randomized, with 20 repetitions of each genotype, containing 30 grams of grains of the respective genotypes, with 3 pairs of A. obtectus 48 hours of life. After 5 days, the weevil were removed. In the 10 genotypes were found in the levels of total protein and soluble, using 3 replicates of each genotype taken before and after infestation. For the test of free choice the genotypes 3, 13, 36, 44, 46, 47, 55, 57, 60, 68, 97, 108 and commercial cultivars 112, 121 and 192 presented smaller number of eggs, genotype 55 and the commercial cultivar 192 presented egg adult long period, low viability of immature and lower mass consumption of grains. In no-choice test with genotype 55 insects had lower weight and low mass grains of the beans, since the genotype 7 was the only genotype which showed high total protein content after infestation in grains, larger insects besides the high mass consumption of beans. For the other parameters evaluated there was no difference among genotypes. Thus the genotypes 3, 13, 36, 44, 46, 47, 55, 57, 60, 68, 97, 108 and commercial cultivars 112, 121 e 192 showed resistance to non-preference for oviposition, while genotype 55 did not provide ideal conditions for the development of the weevil. Regarding the levels of total protein and soluble did not affect the process of genotype resistance to the weevil O Brasil é o maior produtor e consumidor mundial de feijão. No entanto, o feijoeiro é atacado por vários insetos, desde a lavoura até o armazenamento, a principal praga no armazenamento é o caruncho Acanthoscelides obtectus. Com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência dos genótipos e cultivares comerciais de feijão ao A. obtectus foram realizados testes com livre escolha e sem chance de escolha. O teste de livre escolha foi realizado com 19 genótipos e 3 cultivares comerciais de feijão. O teste foi conduzido em blocos casualizado, com quatro repetições composta por 4 parcelas com 22 placas Petri, contendo 13 gramas dos respectivos genótipos. As placas Petri foram acondicionadas em bandeja plástica, onde foram liberados 110 casais de caruncho, com 48 horas de vida. Foram avaliados: distribuição, percentual de distribuição, número total de ovos e percentual de oviposição nos períodos de 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas, viabilidade de ovos e imaturos, período ovo adulto, peso dos insetos adultos e da massa de grãos consumidos por larva. O teste sem chance de escolha foi realizado com 5 genótipos com menor oviposição e viabilidade de larvas e 5 genótipos com maior oviposição e viabilidade de larvas do teste de livre escolha. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de ovos, viabilidade de ovos e imaturos, período ovo adulto, emergência, peso de insetos e da massa de grãos de feijão consumido por larva. Conduzido em delineamento completamente casualizado, com 20 repetições de cada genótipo, contendo 30 gramas de grãos dos respectivos genótipos, com 3 casais de A. obtectus com 48 horas de vida. Após 5 dias, os carunchos foram retirados. Nos 10 genótipos foram verificados os teores de proteína total e solúvel, utilizando-se 3 repetições de cada genótipo retiradas antes e após a infestação. Para o teste de livre escolha os genótipos 3, 13, 36, 44, 46, 47, 55, 57, 60, 68, 97, 108 e as cultivares comerciais 112, 121 e 192 apresentaram menor número de ovos, o genótipo 55 e a cultivar comercial 192 apresentaram período ovo adulto longo, baixa viabilidade de imaturos e menor consumo de massa dos grãos. No teste sem chance de escolha com o genótipo 55 os insetos apresentaram menor peso e baixo consumo da massa dos grãos de feijão, já o genótipo 7 foi o único genótipo que apresentou alto teor de proteína total nos grãos após a infestação, insetos maiores além do elevado consumo da massa de grãos de feijão. Para os demais parâmetros avaliados não houve diferença estatística entre os genótipos. Portanto os genótipos 3, 13, 36, 44, 46, 47, 55, 57, 60, 68, 97, 108 e as cultivares comerciais 112, 121 e 192 apresentaram resistência de não preferência para oviposição, enquanto que o genótipo 55 não ofereceu condições ideais para o desenvolvimento do caruncho. Em relação aos teores de proteína total e solúvel não afetaram no processo de resistência dos genótipos ao caruncho

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28

Liu, Hung-Tsu (Paul). "Physiological limitations to the growth response of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to carbon dioxide enrichment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30915.

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Previous studies on dwarf bean plants have found a very limited growth response to CO₂ enrichment (Jolliffe and Ehret, 1985; Ehret and Jolliffe, 1985b). There was no increase in leaf area, and leaf injury was observed after about three weeks of CO₂ enrichment (Ehret and Jolliffe, 1985a). Although dry weight was increased, the increase may be limited due to restricted carbon utilization (e.g. no increases in leaf area). In this study, non-photosynthetic limitations, such as the partitioning of dry matter among plant parts, the partitioning of carbon among photosynthetic end products, and the interactive effects of nutrient and carbon supply on growth, that may contribute to the observed growth responses were investigated. Bean plants responded to CO₂ enrichment by increasing their total dry weights. This weight increase was caused by higher growth rate, at least at early growth stages, and higher unit leaf rate. The dry weight increase was mainly in the leaves, and was not evenly distributed among all plant parts. Leaf expansion and branching were not enhanced by CO₂ enrichment. The differential effects of CO₂ enrichment on growth of different parts caused significant increases in specific leaf weight and shoot root ratio, and a decrease in leaf area ratio. These results indicated that the bean plants used in this study have a limited ability to utilize the extra carbon that was fixed under CO₂ enrichment. There were small increases in glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations early in the CO₂ treatments. These increases became much larger after three weeks of CO₂ enrichment. The timing of the higher increases in leaf soluble sugars coincided with the timing of increases in stem and roots dry weight. There was also a large increase in starch concentration shortly after plants were transfered to CO₂ enriched condition. The higher starch concentration accounted for the majority of the weight increase in CO₂ enriched leaves, and this starch level was maintained for several days after plants were switched back to ambient CO₂ levels. A ¹⁴C study on the partitioning of carbon between leaf pools showed that carbon transfer out of the storage pool under CO₂ enrichment was limited. CO₂ enrichment had no effects on leaf protein and amino acid concentrations. No difference, or slight increases, were found in inorganic nutrient concentrations per unit leaf area. Plants grown under CO₂ enrichment, however, show a higher loss of nutrients (especially N and K) from older shoot parts (primary leaves and older trifoliates) to younger parts. High NO₃ ̄ supply increased plant dry weight and leaf area under both CO₂ enriched and ambient conditions. The dry weight increases of the stem and roots caused by CO₂ enrichment, however, were much higher and earlier for high NO₃ ̄treated plants. Furthermore, lower leaf starch concentration was also observed for those CO₂ enriched high NO₃ ̄ treated plants. High NO₃ ̄ supply also increased the leaf nutrient concentrations (N, K, Mg, Ca). Increased uptake of nutrients for high NO₃ ̄ treated plants may be partly contributed by the enhanced root growth. In addition to the growth responses, foliar abnormalities developed gradually in beans under CO₂ enrichment. Chlorosis, assessed by a loss in total chlorophyll concentration, was observed in the primary leaves after about three weeks of CO₂ enrichment. The disorder eventually appeared in the oldest trifoliate leaves after more prolonged CO₂ enrichment. The onset of leaf injury was correlated with the timing of the increases in leaf soluble sugars and the redistribution of nutrient elements from the older shoot parts to the younger parts. High NO₃ ̄ supply delayed the development of leaf injury induced by high CO₂. Results in the present studies indicate that growth responses of dwarf bean plants to CO₂ enrichment were affected by the limited carbon partitioning, and the restriction of starch degradation was indicated to be the probable cause. A higher carbon input under CO₂ enrichment may create a higher demand for inorganic elements. Effects of nutrient supply (NO₃ ̄) on growth responses and leaf injury of CO₂ enriched plants suggested that an imbalance between carbon and nutrient input could be partly related to the limited growth responses of dwarf bean plants to CO₂ enrichment. Land and Food Systems, Faculty of Graduate

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Gebeyehu, Setegn. "Physiological response to drought stress of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in drought resistance." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2006. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2006/3726/index.html.

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30

Zhou, Ting. "Biological control of white mold of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb. ex Schlecht." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74616.

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After a wild-type isolate of Epicoccum purpurascens was exposed to shortwave ultraviolet light, several new strains were recovered which were improved in sporulation, fungicide tolerance, and performance in suppression of white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The efficacy of E. purpurascens in controlling white mold of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was assessed in greenhouse and field trials. White mold was significantly reduced in both greenhouse and field trials when 2-4 sprays of E. purpurascens conidial suspensions (in 1% malt extract) were sprayed onto the plant surface during the flowering period. Germination of E. purpurascens conidia on senescent petals was greater than on younger flowers. Addition of malt extract to conidial suspensions improved germination on flowers and increased colonization of emerging flowers. Application of E. purpurascens did not accelerate senescence of bean leaves or affect pod yield of bean in greenhouse trials. Mycoparasitism of S. sclerotiorum by E. purpurascens was found only rarely in in vitro tests and was not observed on flower disks. Production of inhibitory compounds by E. purpurascens was the most important mechanism in suppression of white mold but competition for nutrients also appeared to play a role in biocontrol. The influence of nutrients on conidial germination, growth, sporulation and production of antifungal compounds by E. purpurascens were also investigated.

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Herrera, Margarita Mauro. "Wild bean populations as source of genes to improve the yield of cultivated Phaseolus vulgaris L. /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Moss, Caroline J. "Heritable resistance in seeds of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. to Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543258.

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Moreira, Suya Samara. "Aspectos do desenvolvimento em feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) inoculados com Trichoderma spp." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4019.

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Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T10:46:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Suya Samara Moreira - 2014.pdf: 2393381 bytes, checksum: d33b03a55460f56088ea55108e33f916 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T12:57:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Suya Samara Moreira - 2014.pdf: 2393381 bytes, checksum: d33b03a55460f56088ea55108e33f916 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-30T12:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Suya Samara Moreira - 2014.pdf: 2393381 bytes, checksum: d33b03a55460f56088ea55108e33f916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Fungi of the genus Trichodermaspp. can be used as biological control agents and also as inducer of growth in different plants. Its action is based on different mechanisms such as the production of secondary metabolites, competition for space and nutrients, production of hydrolytic enzymes and signaling molecules. However, only a few works were made about morphological and anatomical aspects of the interaction between Trichodermaspp. and plants. This project aims to watch and determine the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum(ALL42 and T22) and Trichoderma asperellum(T34) strains in morphological and anatomical aspects of the bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Morphological parameters as size of the root, root volume, dry mass and leaf area were analyzed, and some anatomical parameters like quantitative analysis of mesophile thickness leaf epidermis in stages V2, V4, R5, R7and R8, and the alteration of the structural characteristics of the root in stages V2, V4 and R5. The treatments were performed in seeds free from inoculation with Trichodermaspp. (control) and seeds treated with Trichodermaspp. T 22, ALL42 and T34 with three replicates each, totaling twelve treatments for stage analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA analysis of variance and separation of means test. The obtained data suggest that changes occurred inthe biomass of the dried plant, leaf area, length and volume of the root in most of the analyzed stages. However, in thickness of mesophyle analyse, significant differences was found only in stages V4 and R7. It was observed that the treated samples showed a greater Trichodermaspp. secondary cylinder vascular growth of roots, mainly in V4 stage. Was observed in R5 stage a further development of secondary xylem in the vascular cylinder of roots when treated with Trichodermaspp.. These data suggest that the fungus accelerates the development in P. vulgarisL. roots. Among the parameters analyzed, isolates of T. harzianum(ALL42 and T22) was those who shows a bigger difference when compared with the control. Fungos do gênero Trichodermaspp. são utilizados como agentes de controle biológico e indutores de crescimento em plantas. A sua ação é baseada em mecanismos como a produção de metabólitos secundários, competição por espaço e nutrientes, produção de enzimas hidrolíticas e metabólitos análogos a fitormônios. Entretanto, poucos estudos foram realizados sobre os aspectos morfológicos e anatômicos da interação entre Trichodermaspp. e plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da inoculação de dois isolados de Trichoderma harzianum (ALL42 e T22) e um Trichoderma asperellum(T34) em aspectos morfológicos e anatômicos do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Foram analisados variáveis como comprimento da raiz, volume da raiz, massa seca e área foliar, e anatômicos como análise quantitativa da espessura do mesofilo e da epiderme da folha nos estágios V2, V4, R5, R7 e R8, e mudanças nas características estruturais da raiz nos estágios V2, V4 e R5. Os tratamentos realizados foram com sementes sem inoculação do Trichoderma spp. (controle) e sementes tratadas com isolados de Trichodermaspp. T 22, ALL42 e T34 com três repetições cada, somando doze tratamentos por estágio analisado. A análise estatística ocorreu pela análise de variância ANOVA e teste de separação das médias. Os dados mostram que ocorreram alterações na biomassa da planta seca, área foliar, comprimento e volume da raiz na maioria dos estágios analisados. Entretanto, em relação à espessura do mesofilo foram encontradas diferenças significativas apenas nos estágios V4 e R7. Foi observado que as plantas tratadas com Trichodermaspp. apresentaram um maior crescimento secundário do cilindro vascular das raízes, principalmente no estágio V4. Foi observado no estágio R5 um maior desenvolvimentodo xilema secundário no cilindro vascular das raízes, quando tratado com Trichodermaspp.. Estes dados mostram que a presença do fungo acelera o desenvolvimento de raízes em P. vulgaris. Dentre os parâmetros analisados, os isolados de T. harzianum(ALL42 e T22) foram os que apresentaram uma maior diferença quando comparados com o controle

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Ahmed, Mai Mohammed Osman Deiab. "Nitrogen fixation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Common bean (Phaselous [Phaseolus] vulgaris L.) at various phosphorus supply levels." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2007.

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35

Marquez, Ursula Maria Lanfer. "Digestibilidade e propriedades nutricionais do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) e de suas proteínas isoladas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1988. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-17032008-170629/.

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O estudo da digestibilidade e do aproveitamento biológico do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L. ),variedade Carioca e de suas principais frações protéicas foi realizado em ensaios biológicos com ratos, após tratamento térmico adequado (cocção). À metodologia convencional, baseada no \"Ganho de Peso\" e na razão entre o N ingerido e excretado, seguiu-se uma técnica utilizando feijões e suas frações protéicas previamente marcadas com 15N e 35S. A ingestão das rações causou respostas diferentes nos animais, específicos para cada fonte protéica. Os animais alimentados com o feijão integral tiveram reduzido aproveitamento biológico e excretaram 34% do nitrogênio ingerido, sendo este valor 3-4 vezes superior ao causado pela ingestão da ração controle de caseína. As frações, albumínicas e glutelínicas, apresentaram valores de \"NPR\" e \"Ganhos de Peso\" superiores, apesar de sua relativa baixa digestibilidade (70-80%). A globulina G1, altamente digerível (92%) teve uma utilização biológica muito reduzida, não permitindo o crescimento dos animais. O ensaio biológico do feijão e de suas proteínas, marcados isotopicamente, permitiu diferenciar a origem do nitrogênio e do enxofre fecal, se endógena ou exógena. A concentração de 15N em excesso, determinado nas fazes 12 horas após o início da ingestão das rações marcadas, consideramos ser de origem exógena, sendo esses valores interpretados comparativamente. A ingestão de feijões cozidos causou nos animais uma excreção de nitrogênio proveniente do próprio feijão, 10 vezes superior à elevada perda de nitrogênio endógeno, totalizando o equivalente a 34% do nitrogênio ingerido. Ratos alimentados com a globulina G1 excretaram nas primeiras 12 horas apenas quantidades muito reduzidas de 15N, e mesmo na fase de equilíbrio (4º - 6º dia de ingestão da reação marcada ) quando o 15N excretado corresponde ao exógeno + endógeno já marcado, a perda de N total não ultrapassou 10% do ingerido. A ingestão da fração albumínica, por sua vez, causou uma eliminação de 20% do N total ingerido, com participação tanto do N exógeno como endógeno. A interpretação dos resultados baseados na eliminação do enxofre e de seu radioisótopo 35S, mostrou um perfil de excreção semelhante ao observado para o 15N, embora em níveis levemente superiores. Studies with growing rats were carried out to determine the digestibility, and nutritive value of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) Carioca variety, and their major protein fractions, after proper heat treatment in order to inactivate the antiphysiological factors. The conventional method based on weight gain and the relation between the ingested and excreted nitrogen was followed by a balance technique, employing either whole beans or their protein fractions, previously labeled with 15N and 35S. The ingestion of the diets showed different nutritive responses, which were specific for each of the diets. Low biological value and digestibility were observed by rats fed on whole bean-containing diets, and as a consequence an excretion of 34% the ingested nitrogen was noted. This value was 3-4 times higher than the one excreted by the casein-control animals. Higher vakues of \"weight gain\" and NPR were obtained with the albumin and glutelin based diets, although their digestibilities were relatively low (70 - 80%). The globulin G1 was highly digestible (92%) nevertheless it appeared to have very low nutritional values and did not allow the growth of rats. The biological assay with isotopically labeled beans and proteins, allowed to differenciate the origin of fecal nitrogen and sulfur, as exogenous or endogenous. The concentration of 15 N in excess, which appeared in the feces 12 hours after the first ingestion of the labeled diets, was considered to be of exogenous origin; these values can be interpreted comparatively. The ingestion of the cooked whole beans promoted an excretion of exogenous nitrogen, 10 times higher than that excreted by the rats on the globulin G1 diet, which with the high excretion of endogenous nitrogen, totalized 34% of the ingested one. Rats fed on the globulin G1 excreted, in the first 12 hours, only small amounts of 15N, even in the steady - state (4º - 6ºth day on feeding the labeled diet), when the excreted 15N corresponded to both, exogenous and labeled endogenous excretion reached, the maximum loss (about 10% of the ingested total nitrogen). The feeding of albumin based diets stimulated an excretion of 20% of the ingested nitrogen, due to exogenous and endogenous origin. The interpretation of the results based on the balance of total sulfur and their radioactive isotope (35S) showed an excretion pattern, similar to that of the 15N, although in absolute values (of excretion) it was a little higher than that representing the nitrogen loss.

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36

Perseguini, Juliana Morini Küpper Cardoso 1984. "Estudo do desequilíbrio de ligação em Phaseolus vulgaris L. visando o mapeamento associativo de fatores bióticos e abióticos = Linkage desequilibrium study in Phaseolus vulgaris L. to perform associative mapping of biotic and abiotic traits." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316984.

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Orientador: Luciana Lasry Benchimol Reis Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:57:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perseguini_JulianaMoriniKupperCardoso_D.pdf: 12546958 bytes, checksum: 39944eda3d8791dd247ca42277bb68df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document Doutorado Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular

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Araujo, Jacqueline Camolese de. "Avaliação de cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) para o sistema orgânico de produção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-18082009-155405/.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar as características, as produções e os comportamentos das diferentes cultivares de feijão de inverno irrigado em sistema de produção orgânico, conduziu-se um experimento na área experimental pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo, localizada na Fazenda Areão e no núcleo experimental do Grupo de Agricultura Orgânica Amaranthus. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: a produtividade, número de flores por planta, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, o índice de área foliar bem como o teor de nutrientes para cada variedade. As variedades analisadas foram do Grupo Carioca: BRS-Pérola, BRS-Aporé, IAC- Votuporanga e IPR- Juriti, e do Grupo Preto: IAC-Tunã e BRS-Valente. De acordo com o que foi analisado, os resultados permitem concluir que: (i) não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, (ii) todas as cultivares avaliadas apresentaram ótimo desempenho sob manejo orgânico. The goals of this study were to evaluate the characteristics, productivities and behaviors of different cultivars of common bean in an irrigate organic management system in the winter. The experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Group of Organic Agriculture Amaranthus from Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\"/University of São Paulo, in Fazenda Areão, in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The following agronomic parameters related to common bean crop were used for statistical analysis: grain yield, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant and grains per pod, leaf area index, as well as leaf nutrient content for each cultivar. It were tested the following varieties from Carioca Group: BRS-Pérola, BRS-Aporé, IACVotuporanga and IPR- Juriti, and from Black Group: IAC-Tunã and BRS-Valente. The results showed that: (i) there were no statistical differences between the treatments, (ii) all the tested varieties had great productivity under organic management system.

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38

Songa, Wilson A. "Variation and survival of Macrophomina phaseolina in relation to screening common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for resistance." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283673.

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39

Mumba, Luke E. "The genetic relationship between the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321498.

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Wu, Xiaojun. "Correlation of physio-chemical characteristics in the seed coat and canning quality in different dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivars." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002wux.pdf.

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Olds, Donald. "The effect of degree, duration, and timing of water deficit stress on the growth, nutrition, and water use of Phaseolus Vulgaris L. /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63899.

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42

Kellman, Anthony W. "Rhizobium inoculation, cultivar and management effects on the growth, development and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/378.

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Genotypic differences in growth and yield of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) cultivars to Rhizobium inoculation and management were investigated. In 2003-04, the two bean cultivars (Scylla and T-49) were combined with three inoculant treatments (strains CC 511 and RCR 3644, and a control of no inoculation), two fertiliser levels (0 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹) and two irrigation treatments (irrigated and rainfed). There was no nodulation on either cultivar. To further investigate the symbiotic relationship, 16 rhizobial isolates, including the two used in the first field experiment, were combined with the cultivar Scylla and evaluated in a greenhouse. Subsequently, five Rhizobium isolates were chosen for further field evaluation, based on signs of early nodulation in the greenhouse trial. The second field experiment in 2004-05 combined the five inoculant strains (RCR 3644, UK 2, H 20, PRF 81, PhP 17 and a control) with two bean cultivars (Scylla and T-49). In the greenhouse, nodule number varied from 7 (UK 2) to 347 (H 441) nodules plant⁻¹ at 51 DAS and from 13 (UK 1) to 335 (CIAT 899) nodules plant⁻¹ at 85 DAS. In 2004-05, in the field, nodulation was also variable, ranging between 1 and approximately 70 nodules plant⁻¹, with higher nodules numbers plant⁻¹ being found on cultivar T-49. Of the isolates used in the field, strains H 20, PRF 81 and PhP 17 produced 70, 25 and 12 nodules plant⁻¹ at 70, 40 and 54 DAS respectively. Nodules formed were of various sizes and more than 80 % were pink to dark red in colour denoting the presence of leghaemoglobin and active N fixation. The remaining nodules were either green or white. The importance of selecting an appropriate cultivar for the growing conditions was highlighted in these experiments. Leaf area index, leaf area duration intercepted radiation and final utilisation efficiency were significantly affected by cultivar. In both seasons cv. T-49 reached maturity (dry seed) before Scylla, while unirrigated plants reached green pod maturity seven days before irrigated plants. Plants of cv. Scylla gave a final TDM of 730 g m⁻²; compared to the 530 g m⁻² produced by T-49. The average growth rate was 7.0 and 5.2 g m⁻² day⁻¹ for Scylla and T-49 respectively (2003-04). Plants receiving 150 kg N ha⁻¹ produced 665 g m⁻² TDM which was 12 % more than was produced by unfertilised plants. The application of 150 kg N ha⁻¹ gave an average growth rate of 6.4 g m⁻² day⁻¹ compared to 5.7 g m⁻² day⁻¹ from plants with no N. Inoculation in the field had no significant effect on TDM in both seasons. Temperature affected growth and DM accumulation. Accumulated DM was highly dependent on cumulative intercepted PAR. Air temperatures below the base temperature (10 °C) affected growth in 2004-05, resulting in plants accumulating just 0.24 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR during early growth. This increased to 2.26 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR when the temperature was increased above the base temperature. There was a strong relationship between LAI and intercepted PAR. A LAI of 4.0-4.5 was required to intercept 90-95 % of incident solar radiation. Cultivar significantly (p < 0.001) affected radiation use efficiency (RUE). Scylla had a RUE of 1.02 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR compared to T-49 at 1.18 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR. Seed yield was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by cultivar and fertiliser application. Cultivar Scylla produced 467 g m⁻² which was 76 % more than T-49, while a 12 % increase in seed yield was observed in N fertilised plants over unfertilised plants. Only cultivar significantly affected HI, while the yield components that had the greatest effect on seed yield were hundred seed weight and pods plant⁻¹. Inoculation significantly (p< 0.05) affected 100 seed weight (2004-05). Plants inoculated with strain H 20 had the highest 100 seed weight at 25.2 g with cv. Scylla producing larger seeds than T-49. The belief that local environmental conditions play a major role on field survival of bacteria, led to the use of PCR methods to identify field nodulating organisms. Amplification of genomic DNA from parent isolates using primers fC and rD generated a single band for each isolate. Isolates were identified to the species level as either Rhizobium or Agrobacterium, using the highly conserved internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region and are known to nodulate common bean. The DNA extracted from the isolates recovered from nodules of field grown beans gave multiple bands with primers fC and rD. Five distinct banding patterns were observed. All of these were different from those of parent isolates. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that nodules of field grown beans in Canterbury were inhabited by Pseudomonads either alone or in association with other root nodulating organisms. The inability to identify the inoculant strains in nodules of field grown beans does not rule out their infection and nodulating function in the cultivars used. The results suggest the possibility of both Rhizobium and Pseudomonads cohabiting in the nodules of field grown beans. The aggressive nature of Pseudomonads on artificial media, possibly out competing the inoculant rhizobia is proposed, leading to the inability to identify the inoculant strain from the nodules of the field grown beans by PCR methods. The need to identify the nodule forming or nodule inhabiting bacteria in the nodules is necessary to classify the importance of these organisms and their economic benefit to agricultural production. This study also underlines the importance of using PCR methods to gain valuable insights into the ecological behaviour of Rhizobium inoculants and nodule inhabiting organisms.

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Kaitell, Victor Andrew. "Interaction between Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and its host french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) : ultrastructural and molecular studies." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409175.

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Herat, Lakshman Gamini. "Effects of maturity and seed size on seed vigor and plant growth in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39885.

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Stage of maturity at harvest and relative seed size can affect seed vigor. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effect of seed maturity on seed vigor, storability, and subsequent plant growth of four cultivars of snap bean (Topcrop, Provider Black, Provider White, and Cherokee Wax). Seeds harvested between physiological maturity (PM) and harvest maturity (HM) showed the highest seed vigor and storability. At PM, seed moisture content was about 55%. A drop in seed fresh weight and a pod color change from green to yellow appear to signal the stage of PM. Delaying harvest past HM reduced seed vigor. The three cultivars with colored seed coats showed higher seed vigor than Provider White. Climatic and weathering effects on maturity, vigor, and yield of Topcrop and Cherokee Wax seed were evaluated at three locations (L-I, L-2, and L-3) in Sri Lanka having different agro-climatic conditions. Seeds that developed and matured under cooler conditions (L-l) produced higher yields and had larger size, better color, and higher vigor. Seeds developed and matured faster under warmer conditions (L-3); however, seed vigor and yields were lower and seed vigor dropped prior to HM. Cherokee Wax was the most tolerant to field weathering. Seeds of Topcrop and Cherokee Wax were separated by weight into three seed sizes (small, medium, and large) and evaluated for crop performance in two plantings (12/90 and 3/91). Field emergence was higher from larger seeds in the second planting, where the soil conditions were more stressful. Seedlings and plants at the flowering stage were larger and pod yields higher from larger seeds. The cultivar x seed size interaction was significant for pod yield per plant. Topcrop showed no differences, while with Cherokee Wax, pod yield per plant increased with increase in seed size during both plantings. Seeds produced from small seeds were similar or higher in vigor, indicating that small seeds could be used for seed production purposes. The data from these experiments indicate that vigor in snap bean seeds can be optimized by harvesting at an early stage after PM and by grading to remove small seeds. Ph. D.

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Tock, Andrew J. "Applying next-generation sequencing to enable marker-assisted breeding for adaptive traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90803/.

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This research establishes molecular breeding capability for adapting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to UK growing conditions. A high-resolution linkage map was constructed for a bi-parental recombinant inbred population (large brown x small white haricot) using genotyping-by-sequencing data. Pre-breeding material was exploited to enable genetic mapping and marker-assisted selection of essential adaptive traits, including (1) resistance to halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola (Psph), (2) root architecture related to abiotic stress tolerance and nutrient acquisition, (3) earliness of maturity, (4) plant architecture amenable to mechanical harvest, and (5) seed coat colour of consumer interest. A 500-kb mapping interval was defined for quantitative resistance to the broadly virulent Psph race 6, a devastating bacterial pathogen that threatens global bean production with losses from halo blight. Complementary research generating high-quality draft genomes for 32 pathogenically and geographically diverse isolates of Psph identified five high-probability candidate determinants of the broad virulence of Psph race 6, including avirulence protein AvrD. Pathogenicity effectors that are highly conserved within the pathovar were identified as candidate targets for potential race-nonspecific resistance to halo blight. Putative QTL for root architecture traits associated with water and nutrient acquisition were detected on chromosome Pv07. A useful breeding strategy may be to select for larger taproot diameter in view of the comparatively high heritability of this trait. Potentially desirable alleles on Pv07 are linked in coupling phase with the dominant allele of seed coat pigmentation factor P. Identification of lines recombinant for these alleles may prove useful for the introgression of genes governing physiological resilience into white-seeded varieties adapted to UK growing conditions. Provisional QTL for morphological and reproductive traits of agronomic importance, including plant architecture, growth stage and yield, were identified using phenotypic data obtained from pilot field and polytunnel evaluations of the recombinant inbred population.

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Santana, Marcus Vinícius. "Danos do Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) e de moscabranca (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) no feijoeiro-comum geneticamente modificado resistente ao Bean golden mosaic virus." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6414.

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Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-10-18T13:28:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcus Vínícius Santana - 2015.pdf: 3157145 bytes, checksum: 2fe6c88a55d55081c46b0c7e7342de4a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-10-18T16:41:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcus Vínícius Santana - 2015.pdf: 3157145 bytes, checksum: 2fe6c88a55d55081c46b0c7e7342de4a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T16:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcus Vínícius Santana - 2015.pdf: 3157145 bytes, checksum: 2fe6c88a55d55081c46b0c7e7342de4a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Common bean is susceptible to several viral diseases including Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) and Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV). Since both viruses are whitefly transmitted, double infection can be easily overlooked due to the much intense BGMV symptomatology. The development of Embrapa 5.1 event of common bean resistant to BGMV (BGM), and near isogenic lines of two commercial cultivars (Pérola and BRS Pontal) allows the evaluation of the damage caused only by CpMMV, since these transgenic isolines do not get infected by BGMV. This study was conducted with the BGM to determine: 1) the damage caused by nymphs of B. tabaci in three phases of plant development; 2) the incidence and damage of CpMMV in correlation with the population of B. tabaci. The damage caused by six different densities of whitefly nymphs on BGM and conventional bean (CB) in the stages of primary leaves (V2), vegetative (V3-V4) and flowering (R6) were assessed in the greenhouse of Embrapa Rice and Beans. At the V2 stage were evaluated a mean number of 0, 20, 40, 60, 100 and 200 nymphs leaf-1; V3-V4 stage a mean number of 0, 40, 80, 130, 250 and 480 nymphs leaf-1 and at stage R6 a mean number of 0, 20, 50, 120, 280 and 760 nymphs leaf-1. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial of 6 x 2 (population levels of nymphs whitefly x BGM and FC), with 12 repetitions, except for the experiment in R6 with nine replicates. The experimental unit was represented by two bean plants. The incidence and severity of BGMV, the presence of sooty mold and yield components (number of pods, seeds per plant, seeds per pod, weight of grains) were determined. Field experiments were conducted in two experimental farms of Embrapa Rice and Beans in Santo Antônio de Goiás (16°30’24,57” S; 49°17’06,53” W) and Brazabrantes (16°26’09, 20” S, 49°24’05,80” W), State of Goiás. Four isolines derived from cv. Pérola, and six from cv. BRS Pontal, the two parental commercial cultivars, and three other entries named IPR Eldorado, BRB 169, and CNFC 15882 were compared. The incidence of BGMV, CpMMV, number of whitefly eggs, nymphs and adults were assessed as yield and yield components. The infestation of ≤ 200 nymphs of B. tabaci biotype B per leaf on primary leaves (V2), ≤ 480 nymphs per leaf in vegetative growth stage (V3-V4) and ≤ 760 nymphs per leaf in flowering stage (R6) not reduced grain yield per plant, number of pods per plant, and seeds per pod of CBGM. The BGMV affect the CB production at V2 and V3-V4 stages but not for R6 stage. The growth of the fungus Capnodium sp. (sooty mold) on the honeydew excreted by nymphs, was only observed on plants at V3-V4 stage. At field, the adult population of whiteflies was significantly lower in the GM lines derived from cv. Pérola (CNFCT 16201 and CNCF 16203) and from cv. BRS Pontal (CNFCT 16205), as well as on the commercial cv. IPR Eldorado, access BRB 169 and line CNFP 15882. It was not observed significant differences in whitely eggs and nymphs among the GM isolines and other bean genotypes. Despite the low incidence of CpMMV in the GM isolines derived from cv. Pérola, yield of these isolines was lower than that for some of the isolines derived from cv. BRS Pontal (CNFCT 16205, CNFCT 16206, CNFCT 16209 and CNFCT 16210) which had a higher incidence of CpMMV. At the Brazabrantes field a higher disease incidence was observed. The yield for cv. Pérola and BRS Pontal reached only 81 and 299 kg ha-1, respectively, and were significantly lower than the GM lines derived from cv. Pérola (711 kg ha-1) and cv. BRS Pontal (1073 kg ha-1). The low yield of the conventional common bean parental cultivars as compared to the GM isolines was due to the severe occurrence of BGMV. The GM isolines derived from cv. Pérola and from cv. BRS Pontal yielded an average of 878% and 358% higher, respectively, than the conventional accesses. The GM isolines have yield potential even at conditions of high incidence of B. tabaci and the CpMMV if a management program for whiteflies including cultural practices and insecticides is established. O feijão é suscetível a várias viroses, incluindo o Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) e o Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV). Como estes dois vírus são transmitidos pela moscabranca, Bemisia tabaci e a sintomatologia do BGMV é muito mais intensa em comparação a do CpMMV, é difícil separar a ocorrência das duas doenças em plantas de feijão. O desenvolvimento do feijoeiro evento Embrapa 5.1, resistente ao BGMV e de linhagens isogênicas transgênicas de dois cultivares comerciais (Pérola e BRS Pontal) permite a avaliação dos danos causados somente por CpMMV, uma vez que estas isolinhas não são infectadas por BGMV. Este estudo foi conduzido com o feijoeiro geneticamente modificado (FGM) para determinar: 1) os danos causados por ninfas de B. tabaci em três fases de desenvolvimento das plantas; 2) a incidência e os danos causados pelo CpMMV e correlacionar com o nível populacional de B. tabaci. Em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão foram avaliados os danos causados por seis diferentes densidades populacionais de ninfas de mosca-branca no FGM e feijoeiro convencional (FC) em três fases de desenvolvimento. No estádio V2 foram avaliadas médias de 0, 20, 40, 60, 100 e 200 ninfas folha-1; no estádio V3-V4 médias de 0, 40, 80, 130, 250 e 480 ninfas folha-1 e no estádio R6 médias de 0, 20, 50, 120, 280 e 760 ninfas folha-1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2 (níveis populacionais x variedades de feijoeiro), com 12 repetições, exceto para o experimento infestado em R6, com nove repetições. A unidade experimental foi representada por duas plantas de feijoeiro. Foram avaliadas a incidência e severidade de BGMV, a presença de fumagina e os componentes de produção (número de vagens, grãos por planta, grãos por vagem e massa de grãos). Os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos em duas áreas experimentais da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão em Santo Antônio de Goiás (16°30’24,57” S; 49°17’06,53” W) e Brazabrantes (16°26’09, 20” S, 49°24’05,80” W), Goiás. Três isolinhas de FGM oriundas da cv. Pérola e seis oriundas da cv. BRS Pontal, as duas cultivares comerciais parentais e três outras cultivares convencionais IPR Eldorado, BRB 169, e CNFC 15882 foram comparadas. Foi avaliada a incidência de BGMV, CpMMV, número de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca e os componentes de produção (massa de cem grãos e produtividade). A infestação de até 200 ninfas de B. tabaci biótipo B por folha em fase de folhas primárias (V2), 480 ninfas folha-1 em fase de crescimento vegetativo (V3-V4) e 760 ninfas folha-1 em fase de florescimento (R6) não reduziu a massa de grãos por planta, o número de vagens por planta, grãos por planta e grãos por vagem do FGM. O BGMV afetou a produção do FC em estádio entre V2 e V3-V4, mas não para o R6. O crescimento do fungo Capnodium sp. (fumagina), na substância açucarada excretada pelas ninfas, foi observado somente em plantas no estádio V3-V4. A população de adultos de B. tabaci biótipo B foi significativamente menor nas linhagens geneticamente modificadas provenientes da cv. Pérola (CNFCT 16201 e CNFCT 16203) e da BRS Pontal (CNFCT 16205) e nas cultivares convencionais IPR Eldorado, BRB 169 e CNFP 15882. Não foi observada diferença significativa na população de ninfas e ovos de moscabranca entre as linhagens de FGM e os outros genótipos de feijão. Apesar da baixa incidência de CpMMV nas linhagens de FGM provenientes da cv. Pérola (CNFCT 16201, CNFCT 16203 e CNFCT 16204), a produtividade destas linhagens foi significativamente menor em comparação as linhagens geneticamente modificadas da BRS Pontal (CNFCT 16205, CNFCT 16206, CNFCT 16209 e CNFCT 16210), que apresentaram alta incidência de CpMMV. No experimento em Brazabrantes foi observada maior incidência de doenças. A produtividade da cv. Pérola e BRS Pontal foi somente 81 e 299 kg ha-1, respectivamente, e significativamente menor que as linhagens FGM derivadas de cv. Pérola (711 kg ha-1) e cv. BRS Pontal (1073 kg ha-1). A baixa produtividade do FC em comparação ao FGM foi devido à ocorrência do BMGV que não se expressa nas linhagens geneticamente modificadas. As isolinhas do FGM derivadas da cv. Pérola e BRS Pontal produziram, em média, 878% e 358%, respectivamente, a mais de grãos em comparação ao FC. O feijoeiro geneticamente modificado, apesar da incidência do CpMMV, tem potencial para produzir em épocas de alta incidência de mosca-branca e de plantas infectadas por vírus se estabelecido programas de manejo de populações de adultos da mosca-branca com práticas culturais e inseticidas químicos.

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47

Santini, Luciane. "Mapeamento de genes análogos de resistência a patógenos em feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-24022010-103823/.

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No presente trabalho, a metodologia NBS-profiling foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento de marcadores RGA (Resistance Genes Analogs) em duas populações de Phaseolus vulgaris, sendo uma derivada do cruzamento entre Bat 93 e Jalo EEP558 (BJ) e a outra derivada do cruzamento entre Carioca e Flor de Mayo (CFM). Uma vez identificados, foram mapeados 32 marcadores RGA na população BJ e 40 na população CFM. Nove dos marcadores alocados no mapa de ligação da população BJ se localizaram em proximidade a clusters de resistência, já identificados por outros pesquisadores. Foi realizado o sequenciamento de 32 dos RGA detectados, sendo 16 da cada população. Cinco sequências oriundas da população BJ e três sequências da população CFM apresentaram similaridade com proteínas de resistência identificadas em P. vulgaris, Glycine max e Medicago truncaluta. O mapa de ligação aqui gerado para a população CFM foi utilizado para o posicionamento de QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) de resistência à mancha-angular (Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & Braun) e ao oídio (Erysiphe polygoni DC.). Um total de 12 QTL foi mapeado, cinco associados à resposta à mancha angular e sete à resposta ao oídio. In the presenty study, the NBS-profiling method was used for the development of RGA (Resistance Gene Analogs) markers in two populations of Phaseolus vulgaris, one derived from a cross between \'Bat 93\' and \'Jalo EEP558\' (BJ) and the other derived from a cross between \'Carioca\' and \'Flor de Mayo (CFM). After their identification, 32 RGA markers were mapped on the BJ population and 40 on the CFM population. Nine of the markers assigned to the linkage map of the BJ population were located in the proximity to clusters of resistance already identified by other researchers. We carried out the sequencing of 32 out of the RGA detected, being 16 from each population. Five sequences derived from the BJ population and three sequences from the CFM population showed similarity to resistance proteins identified in P. vulgaris, Glycine max and Medicago truncaluta. The linkage map here generated for the CFM population was used for the positioning of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) for resistance to angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & Braun) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC.). Twelve QTL were mapped, five associated to the response to the angular leaf spot and seven to the powdery mildew.

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48

Keller, Christopher Philip. "The role of polysaccharidases in acid wall loosening of epidermal tissue from young Phaseolus vulgaris L. hypocotyls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26425.

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The extension of frozen-thawed epidermal strips prepared from the first centimetre below the hypocotyl hook of six day old dark grown Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings while immersed in various buffers and under various tensions was characterized. This was done in an attempt to determine if the acid wall loosening phenomenon, which according to the Acid-growth theory (Taiz, 1984) is thought to mimic part of the auxin mechanism of action, is mediated by unspecified wall loosening enzymes. Epidermal strips were found to be significantly loosened by media pH 6.0 to pH 2.6 (0.05M citric acid-O.lOM disodium phosphate) relative to pH 7.5. A minimum stress between 1.6 and 7.6 grams was required for the acid-extension of strips 4.5±0.5 mm wide. Regardless of tension, extension by tissues in an acid medium was largely transient For example, tissues tensioned by a 16.0 gram load reached a maximum extension rate of 6.18 ±1.37% of initial length per hour (L°/hr) between 4 and 6 minutes after immersion in pH 4.8. The rate was 1.29±0.17% L°/hr between 55 and 60 minutes and 1.05±0.14% L°/hr between 220 and 240 minutes. Total acid-extension over four hours was 4.24±0.57% L°. The extension response was found to be stable; newly harvested tissues whether frozen or not performed similarly to strips aged up to 15 days at -12°C before being extended. The performance of strips immersed in unbuffered solutions indicated that tissues were self-buffering at an acid pH probably because of the fixed carboxyls within the wall. The capacity for acid-extension by epidermal strips was lost in mature tissues harvested 4-5 cm below the hypocotyl hook. Temperature coefficients from extension rates were determined at several pHs. The results were highly variable. The acid-extension of strips boiled 15 minutes in ethanol or extracted in 3M NaCl for 4 hours at 4°C or 6M LiCl for 8 hours was determined in several pHs. The impact of the treatments was largely a suppression of the initial burst of acceleration. Extension rates following the initial surge were relatively unaffected. Glycosidase activities in untreated, ethanol-boiled, or salt extracted strips were determined. β-glucosidase was found to be most active in untreated strips with lesser levels of β-galactosidase and β-xylosidase and a trace of α-galactosidase being detected. Ethanol-boiling and LiCl-extraction removed or deactivated all four activities from the strips and NaCl-extraction lowered all four activities 70-80%. NaCl proved to have solubilized most of the missing β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase when the extraction solution was assayed following desalting and concentration. LiCl solubilized most of β-xylosidase. It was concluded that glycosidases and any other similarly soluble enzyme cannot be responsible for long term acid wall loosening in bean epidermis. If an enzyme is involved, it must be extremely stable and tightly bound to the wall. The acid-extension performance of frozen-thawed longitudinally halved hypocotyl sections in comparison to epidermal strips, as well as other evidence was considered support for another hypothesized mechanism of acid wall loosening, the displacement of calcium bridges. Science, Faculty of Botany, Department of Graduate

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Goertz, Steven Harvey. "Salt tolerance of tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray) and navy (P. vulgaris L.) beans at several developmental stages." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184646.

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Two accessions of tepary (phaseolus acutifolius Gray var. latifolius) and navy (P. vulgaris L. 'Fleetwood') beans were studied for salt tolerance at several• developmental stages. Genotypes were germinated at 0.0 through -2.5 MPa NaCl at 25°C and 35°C for nine days. Tepary accessions had higher germination percentages and rates than navy for ≤ - 2.0 MPa at 250C and ≤ - 1.5 MPa at 35°C. Fresh weights of root plus hypocotyl decreased severely with the first increment of NaCl (-0.5 MPa) for all genotypes. Fresh weight of navy was reduced more at 35°C than at 25°C. Genotypes were stressed in vermiculite-filled trays with 0.0 through -1.5 MPa NaCl for 14 days. Final growth stage and rates of emergence were reduced at salinities ~ -0.6 MPa NaCl, and were higher in tepary than navy at -1.2 MPa. Tepary beans tended to maintain higher water and osmotic potentials, and at -0.9 MPa had less reduction in leaf area than navy beans. Fresh weights, dry weights and root:shoot ratios declined in all genotypes with increasing salinities. Plants grown hydroponically were stressed with -0.10, -0.25, and -0.50 MPa NaCl during either vegetative or reproductive stages. Navy had equal or greater fresh and dry weights of leaf, stem, and pods at -0.10 MPa, but tepary beans had equal or greater weights at the highest salinity relative to navy. Tepary had the greatest pod weight with -0.50 MPa NaCl applied during the reproductive stage. Carbon exchange rates (CER) were lower in navy than one or both tepary beans at some sampling times. Tepary beans tended to have higher leaf water and osmotic potentials than did navy. Transpiration and stomatal resistance values were similar in all genotypes, while leaf temperatures were different in white tepary versus navy. Tepary beans yielded higher than navy when grown in low and high salinity fields. Transpiration rates, leaf water and osmotic potentials, and CERs were similar or higher, while stomatal resistance and leaf temperatures were similar or lower in tepary than in navy. Plant height and stand count also were measured. Tepary was more salt tolerant than navy, exhibiting greater tolerance to NaCl at every growth stage.

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Sapucay, Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa. "Molibdênio pode substituir adubo nitrogenado de cobertura em feijoeiro de alta produtividade na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4569.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 661910 bytes, checksum: 2bedd7f74c199a1b511a83b5349efd07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-27 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico In areas cultivated frequently with common bean at Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state, Mo application on foliage have been used instead of N topdressing to sustain yields around 2000 kg ha-1. However, there is a doubt about the effectiveness of this technology in higher yield conditions. The objectives of this work were: 1) determinate the maximal rate of N topdressing in which common bean respond to molybdenum fertilizer; 2) verify if the Mo fertilization replace the N topdressing in high yielding conditions. The experiments were conducted at three municipalities of Zona da Mata: Coimbra, Oratórios, and Viçosa. They were installed on April or May of 2011. The treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of N and 0 and 80 g ha-1 of Mo. N as urea was applied the following way: 30 = at sowing, 60 = 30 (sowing) + 30 (15 days after emergence - DAE), 90 = 30 (sowing) + 30 (15 DAE) + 30 (25 DAE), 120 = 30 (sowing) + 45 (15 DAE) + 45 (25 DAE). Mo was applied as sodium molybdate solution onto the foliage at V4 stage. In order to reach the first objective, the effect of Mo was evaluated at each N rate. In order to reach the second objective, the ten treatments formed by the combination of N and Mo factors were considered. In this case, Dunnett test was utilized in order to compare the association of 30 kg ha-1 of N at the sowing + Mo with each other treatments. The cultivar Ouro Vermelho was used. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The highest yields were 3437, 2185 and 3270 kg ha-1 at Viçosa, Oratórios, and Coimbra, respectively. In Viçosa, differently from the others municipalities, N and/or Mo did not affect yield. In Coimbra, Mo increased yield when zero (level of 30 kg ha-1 de N) or 30 kg ha-1 de N topdressing (level of 60 kg ha-1 de N) was used. In Oratórios and Coimbra, plants sprayed with Mo and fertilized with N at sowing yielded as much as plants fertilized with N topdressing at a rate of 90 kg ha-1. Results suggest that common bean can respond in yield to Mo even when N topdressing of 30 kg ha is used and that Mo can replace topdressing N for yield levels of up to 3000 kg ha-1. Em áreas cultivadas regularmente com feijão na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, a aplicação de molibdênio (Mo) na folhagem dos feijoeiros tem sido usada no lugar do adubo nitrogenado de cobertura para sustentar produtividades em torno de 2000 kg ha-1. Há duvida, no entanto, quanto à efetividade dessa tecnologia em níveis de produtividades mais altos. Os objetivos com este estudo foram: (1) determinar até que dose de nitrogênio (N) em cobertura o feijoeiro responde à adubação molíbdica; (2) verificar se a adubação com molibdênio (Mo) substitui a adubação em cobertura com N em condições de alta produtividade. Foram conduzidos experimentos em três municípios da Zona da Mata: Coimbra, Oratórios e Viçosa. Os experimentos foram instalados entre abril e maio de 2011. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no esquema fatorial 5 x 2: 0, 30, 60, 90 ou 120 kg ha-1 de N e 0 ou 80 g ha-1 de Mo. O nitrogênio, na forma de ureia, foi aplicado da seguinte forma: 30 = no plantio; 60 = 30 (plantio) + 30 (15 dias após a emergência - DAE); 90 = 30 (plantio) + 30 (15 DAE) + 30 (25 DAE); 120 = 30 (plantio) + 45 (15 DAE) + 45 (25 DAE). O Mo foi aplicado na forma de solução de molibdato de sódio sobre a folhagem no estádio V4. Para atingir o primeiro objetivo, o efeito do Mo foi avaliado dentro de cada dose de N. Para atingir o segundo objetivo, consideraram-se os 10 tratamentos formados pelas combinações dos fatores N e Mo. Neste caso, foi usado o teste de Dunnett para comparar a combinação 30 kg ha-1 de N no plantio + Mo com os demais. Foi usada a cultivar Ouro Vermelho. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As maiores produtividades foram 3437, 2185 e 3270 kg ha-1 em Viçosa, Oratórios e Coimbra, respectivamente. Em Viçosa, diferentemente dos outros dois municípios, não houve efeito de N e/ou Mo na produtividade. Em Coimbra, o uso de Mo aumentou a produtividade com zero (nível de 30 kg ha-1 de N) ou 30 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura (nível de 60 kg ha-1 de N). Em Oratórios e Coimbra, o feijão que recebeu Mo associado ao N de plantio produziu tanto quanto o feijão que recebeu 90 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura (nível de 120 kg ha-1 de N). Os resultados sugerem que o feijão pode responder ao Mo mesmo quando se usa adubação de cobertura com 30 kg ha-1 de N e que o Mo pode substituir a adubação de N em cobertura em níveis de produtividade de até 3000 kg ha-1.

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