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Journal articles on the topic 'Bushveld Igneous Complex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Ivanic, Timothy J., Oliver Nebel, John Brett, and Ruth E. Murdie. "The Windimurra Igneous Complex: an Archean Bushveld?" Geological Society, London, Special Publications 453, no. 1 (2017): 313–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp453.1.

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Trumbull, R. B., L. D. Ashwal, S. J. Webb, and I. V. Veksler. "Drilling through the largest magma chamber on Earth: Bushveld Igneous Complex Drilling Project (BICDP)." Scientific Drilling 19 (May 29, 2015): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-33-2015.

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Abstract. A scientific drilling project in the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa has been proposed to contribute to the following scientific topics of the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP): large igneous provinces and mantle plumes, natural resources, volcanic systems and thermal regimes, and deep life. An interdisciplinary team of researchers from eight countries met in Johannesburg to exchange ideas about the scientific objectives and a drilling strategy to achieve them. The workshop identified drilling targets in each of the three main lobes of the Bushveld Complex, w

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3

Bamisaiye, Oluwaseyi Adunola. "Geo-Spatial Mapping of the Western Bushveld Rustenburg Layered Suite (Rls) in South Africa." Journal of Geography and Geology 7, no. 4 (2015): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v7n4p88.

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Trend surface analysis (TSA) was used to investigate the structure and thickness variation pattern and to resolve trend and residual component of the structure contours and isopach maps of the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) across the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). The TSA technique was also employed in extracting meter scale structures from the regional structural trends. This enables small-scale structures that could only be picked through field mapping to be observed and scrupulously investigated. Variation in the structure and thickness was used in timing the development of some of the de

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4

Prevec, Stephen A. "Igneous Rock Associations 23. The Bushveld Complex, South Africa: New Insights and Paradigms." Geoscience Canada 45, no. 3-4 (2019): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.138.

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SUMMARYThe Bushveld Complex has continued to serve as the basis for study into the fundamental nature of petrological processes for layered intrusion formation and for oxide and sulphide hosted Platinum Group Element (PGE)–Cu–Ni ore deposits. These studies have included discoveries in terms of the physical extent of Bushveld magmatism, both laterally and internally. Lateral variations in the mafic to ultramafic Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Northern Lobe of the complex have also revealed petrologically distinctive Upper Critical Zone equivalent rocks (the so-called Flatreef) with enhanced co

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Hughes, Hannah S. R., Judith A. Kinnaird, Iain McDonald, Paul A. M. Nex, and Grant M. Bybee. "Lamprophyric dykes in the Bushveld Complex: the lithospheric mantle and its metallogenic bearing on the Bushveld large igneous province." Applied Earth Science 125, no. 2 (2016): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03717453.2016.1166638.

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6

Beukes, Johan P., Grizelda du Toit, Desmond Mabaso, et al. "Assessment of atmospheric trace metals in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." South African Journal of Science 110, no. 3/4 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/20130280.

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7

Latypov, Rais, Sofya Chistyakova, and Ria Mukherjee. "A Novel Hypothesis for Origin of Massive Chromitites in the Bushveld Igneous Complex." Journal of Petrology 58, no. 10 (2017): 1899–940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egx077.

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8

Scoon, Roger N., and Morris J. Viljoen. "Geoheritage of the Eastern Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: a Uniquely Exposed Layered Igneous Intrusion." Geoheritage 11, no. 4 (2019): 1723–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00360-7.

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9

Grant Cawthorn, R. "Formation of chlor- and fluor-apatite in layered intrusions." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 391 (1994): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.391.12.

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AbstractApatite in most igneous intrusions has a high Cl/F ratio. However, chlor-apatite has been reported in the lower portions of the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes. This has been used as evidence supporting the early separation of a Cl-rich discrete hydrous fluid in these intrusions. Mineralogical evidence is presented here to demonstrate that the Bushveld Complex, at least, formed from a nearly anhydrous magma, and did not release a hydrous fluid before apatite began to crystallize. It is suggested that apatite in the earliest cumulates equilibrated with trapped interstitial liquid, whi

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10

Oniyide, G. O., and M. A. Idris. "Numerical modelling of the effect of temperature variation on stope stability in Bushveld Igneous Complex." Mining of Mineral Deposits 13, no. 2 (2019): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining13.02.121.

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11

Venter, Andrew D., Pieter G. van Zyl, Johan P. Beukes, et al. "Atmospheric trace metals measured at a regional background site (Welgegund) in South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 6 (2017): 4251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4251-2017.

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Abstract. Atmospheric trace metals can cause a variety of health-related and environmental problems. Only a few studies on atmospheric trace metal concentrations have been conducted in South Africa. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine trace metal concentrations in aerosols collected at a regional background site, i.e. Welgegund, South Africa. PM1, PM1–2. 5 and PM2. 5–10 samples were collected for 13 months, and 31 atmospheric trace metal species were detected. Atmospheric iron (Fe) had the highest concentrations in all three size fractions, while calcium (Ca) was the second-most-a

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12

Wieser, Penny E., Zoja Vukmanovic, Rüdiger Kilian, et al. "To sink, swim, twin, or nucleate: A critical appraisal of crystal aggregation processes." Geology 47, no. 10 (2019): 948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46660.1.

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Abstract Crystal aggregates in igneous rocks have been variously ascribed to growth processes (e.g., twinning, heterogeneous nucleation, epitaxial growth, dendritic growth), or dynamical processes (e.g., synneusis, accumulation during settling). We tested these hypotheses by quantifying the relative orientation of adjacent crystals using electron backscatter diffraction. Both olivine aggregates from Kīlauea volcano (Hawaiʻi, USA) and chromite aggregates from the Bushveld Complex (South Africa) show diverse attachment geometries inconsistent with growth processes. Near-random attachments in chr

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13

Almécija, Clara, Antonio Cobelo-García, Victor Wepener, and Ricardo Prego. "Platinum group elements in stream sediments of mining zones: The Hex River (Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa)." Journal of African Earth Sciences 129 (May 2017): 934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.002.

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14

Mutele, Litshedzani, Alazar Billay, and John Paul Hunt. "Knowledge-Driven Prospectivity Mapping for Granite-Related Polymetallic Sn–F–(REE) mineralization, Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." Natural Resources Research 26, no. 4 (2017): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-017-9325-8.

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15

Nex, P. A. M. "Formation of bifurcating chromitite layers of the UG1 in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, an analogy with sand volcanoes." Journal of the Geological Society 161, no. 6 (2004): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764903-154.

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16

Hirsikko, A., V. Vakkari, P. Tiitta, et al. "Characterisation of sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 9 (2012): 3951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3951-2012.

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Abstract. South Africa holds significant mineral resources, with a substantial fraction of these reserves occurring and being processed in a large geological structure termed the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). The area is also highly populated by informal, semi-formal and formal residential developments. However, knowledge of air quality and research related to the atmosphere is still very limited in the area. In order to investigate the characteristics and processes affecting sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events, air ion and aerosol particle size distributions and n

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17

Holwell, D. A., I. McDonald, and P. E. B. Armitage. "Platinum-group mineral assemblages in the Platreef at the Sandsloot Mine, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa." Mineralogical Magazine 70, no. 1 (2006): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461067010315.

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AbstractPlatinum group mineral (PGM) assemblages in the Platreef at Sandsloot, northern Bushveld Complex, in a variety of lithologies reveal a complex multi-stage mineralization history. During crystallization of the Platreef pyroxenites, platinum group elements (PGE) and base-metal sulphides (BMS) were distributed thoughout the interstitial liquid forming a telluride-dominant assemblage devoid of PGE sulphides. Redistribution of PGE into the metamorphic footwall by hydrothermal fluids has formed arsenide-, alloy- and antimonide-dominant assemblages, indicating a significant volatile influence

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18

Vonopartis, Leonidas, Paul Nex, Judith Kinnaird, and Laurence Robb. "Evaluating the Changes from Endogranitic Magmatic to Magmatic-Hydrothermal Mineralization: The Zaaiplaats Tin Granites, Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." Minerals 10, no. 4 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040379.

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The stanniferous granites of the Zaaiplaats Tin Field are part of the A-Type Lebowa Granite Suite, within the greater Bushveld Igneous Complex of northeast South Africa. The tin field comprises three granites: (1) the Nebo, a leucocratic, equigranular biotite granite; (2) The brick-red hypidiomorphic Bobbejaankop granite, which is extensively microclinized with chloritized biotite and characteristic synneusis-textured quartz; and (3) The variably altered roof facies of the Bobbejaankop granite known as the Lease microgranite. The Bobbejaankop and Lease granites were both extensively mined for

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19

Jaars, K., J. P. Beukes, P. G. van Zyl, et al. "Ambient aromatic hydrocarbon measurements at Welgegund, South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 4 (2014): 4189–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-4189-2014.

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Abstract. Aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with direct adverse human health effects and can have negative impacts on ecosystems due to their toxicity, as well as indirect negative effects through the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol that affect human health, crop production and regional climate. Measurements were conducted at the Welgegund measurement station (South Africa) that is considered to be a regionally representative background site. However, the site is occasionally impacted by plumes from major anthropogenic source regions in the interior of South Af

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20

Mukherjee, Ria, Rais Latypov, and Anthony Balakrishna. "An intrusive origin of some UG-1 chromitite layers in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: Insights from field relationships." Ore Geology Reviews 90 (November 2017): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.03.008.

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21

Webb, S. J., G. R. J. Cooper, L. D. Ashwal, and M. W. Knoper. "Statistical and wavelet analysis of detailed physical property measurements on the Bellevue drillcore, Northern Lobe, Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2001, no. 1 (2001): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2001ab025.

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22

Brandt, S., R. Klemd, K. M. Haase, M. L. Fassbender, and T. Vennemann. "Formation of the Vergenoeg F–Fe–REE Deposit (South Africa) by Accumulation from a Ferroan Silicic Magma." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 12 (2019): 2339–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa010.

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Abstract Situated in the centre of the Paleoproterozoic Bushveld Large Igneous Province (LIP) of South Africa the Vergenoeg F–Fe–REE deposit is one of the largest, but at the same time most unusual, fluorite deposits on Earth. In situ major and trace element analyses of fayalite, magnetite, ilmenite, fluorapatite, fluorite and allanite from fayalite-rich rocks are combined with oxygen isotope data for fayalite, magnetite and ilmenite to unravel the complex evolution of the deposit. Textural and compositional characterization of the fayalite-rich rocks supports a magmatic formation as cumulates

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23

Jaars, K., J. P. Beukes, P. G. van Zyl, et al. "Ambient aromatic hydrocarbon measurements at Welgegund, South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 13 (2014): 7075–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7075-2014.

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Abstract. Aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with direct adverse human health effects and can have negative impacts on ecosystems due to their toxicity, as well as indirect negative effects through the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol, which affect human health, crop production and regional climate. Measurements of aromatic hydrocarbons were conducted at the Welgegund measurement station (South Africa), which is considered to be a regionally representative background site. However, the site is occasionally impacted by plumes from major anthropogenic source region

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24

Gleason, James D., Jens Gutzmer, Stephen E. Kesler, and Horst Zwingmann. "2.05-Ga Isotopic Ages for Transvaal Mississippi Valley–Type Deposits: Evidence for Large-Scale Hydrothermal Circulation around the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." Journal of Geology 119, no. 1 (2011): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657301.

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25

Mutele, Litshedzani, and Saumitra Misra. "Geochemical evolution of the Lebowa Granite Pluton in western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: More insight into the evolution of bimodal A‐type granitoid." Geological Journal 56, no. 7 (2021): 3557–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.4117.

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26

JORDAAN, MARIE, and ABRAHAM E. VAN WYK. "Gymnosporia sekhukhuniensis (Celastraceae), a new species from South Africa." Phytotaxa 408, no. 1 (2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.1.5.

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Gymnosporia sekhukhuniensis, a new species from north-eastern South Africa, is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared with closely related species. It belongs to Gymnosporia sect. Buxifoliae, more specifically Group 1, the members of which are characterized by the capsules being (2)3(4)-valved, rugose or verrucose, and the seeds partially covered by the aril. The new species has a restricted distribution range and is near-endemic to the Sekhukhuneland Centre of Endemism. This biogeographical region rich in restricted-range plants is more or less congruent with surface outcrops of mafic a

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27

de Waal, S. A. "The age of the Marble Hall diorite, its relationship to the Uitkomst Complex, and evidence for a new magma type associated with the Bushveld igneous event." South African Journal of Geology 103, no. 2 (2000): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/103.2.128.

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28

Lenhardt, N., W. Altermann, F. Humbert, and M. de Kock. "Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeoproterozoic Hekpoort Formation (Pretoria Group, Transvaal Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 4 (2020): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0043.

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Abstract The Palaeoproterozoic Hekpoort Formation of the Pretoria Group is a lava-dominated unit that has a basin-wide extent throughout the Transvaal sub-basin of South Africa. Additional correlative units may be present in the Kanye sub-basin of Botswana. The key characteristic of the formation is its general geochemical uniformity. Volcaniclastic and other sedimentary rocks are relatively rare throughout the succession but may be dominant in some locations. Hekpoort Formation outcrops are sporadic throughout the basin and mostly occur in the form of gentle hills and valleys, mainly encircli

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Alexandre, P., M. A. G. Andreoli, A. Jamison, and R. L. Gibson. "40Ar/39Ar age constraints on low-grade metamorphism and cleavage development in the Transvaal Supergroup (central Kaapvaal craton, South Africa): implications for the tectonic setting of the Bushveld Igneous Complex." South African Journal of Geology 109, no. 3 (2006): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.109.3.393.

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30

Johnson, J. E., S. M. Webb, C. B. Condit, N. J. Beukes, and W. W. Fischer. "Effects of metamorphism and metasomatism on manganese mineralogy: Examples from the Transvaal Supergroup." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 4 (2019): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0034.

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AbstractManganese-bearing minerals in ancient strata provide a particularly informative record of the redox potentials of ancient Earth surface environments due to the high specificity of species that can oxidize Mn(II). However, little is known about how this sedimentary archive might have been altered by processes occurring long after lithification, including the effects of metamorphism, fluid mobilization, and metasomatism. We investigated Mn mineralization across known metamorphic gradients in the Kaapvaal craton, South Africa, in Archean and early Paleoproterozoic age carbonate-, shale-,

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31

Reimold, W. U., A. Wittek, and F. Jourdan. "Comment on 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on low-grade metamorphism and cleavage development in the Transvaal Supergroup (central Kaapvaal craton, South Africa): implications for the tectonic setting of the Bushveld Igneous Complex (South African Journal of Geology, 109, 393 410), by Alexandre et al. (2006)." South African Journal of Geology 110, no. 1 (2007): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.110.1.157.

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32

Alexandre, P., M. A. G. Andreoli, A. Jamison, and R. L. Gibson. "Response to the Comment by Reimold et al. on 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on low-grade metamorphism and cleavage development in the Transvaal Supergroup (central Kaapvaal craton, South Africa): implications for the tectonic setting of the Bushveld Igneous Complex (South African Journal of Geology, 109, 393 410), by Alexandre et al. (2006)." South African Journal of Geology 110, no. 1 (2007): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.110.1.160.

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33

Scoates, James S., Corey J. Wall, Richard M. Friedman, Dominique Weis, Edmond A. Mathez, and Jill A. VanTongeren. "Dating the Bushveld Complex: Timing of Crystallization, Duration of Magmatism, and Cooling of the World’s Largest Layered Intrusion and Related Rocks." Journal of Petrology, January 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa107.

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Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Bushveld Complex, including the world’s largest layered intrusion and host to world-class stratiform chromium, platinum group element, and vanadium deposits, is a remarkable natural laboratory for investigating the timescales of magmatic processes in the Earth’s crust. A framework for the emplacement, crystallization, and cooling of the Bushveld Complex based on integrated U-Pb zircon-baddeleyite-titanite-rutile geochronology is presented for samples of different rock types from the Bushveld Complex, including ultramafic and mafic cumulates, mineralized horizons,

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34

Venter, Andrew D., Ville Vakkar, Johan P. Beukes, et al. "An air quality assessment in the industrialised western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." South African Journal of Science 108, no. 9/10 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v108i9/10.1059.

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35

Maier, Wolfgang D., Marina Yudovskaya, and Pedro Jugo. "Introduction to the special issue on the Flatreef PGE-Ni-Cu deposit, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex." Mineralium Deposita, December 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01027-y.

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AbstractMore than 30 years ago, Cox and Singer (1986) suggested that magmatic platinum-group element (PGE)-Ni-Cu deposits are amongst the best understood of ore deposits, yet the origin of PGE mineralization in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) remains controversial after a century of study. In the northern limb of the BIC, the unravelling of ore formation proved particularly difficult due to relatively poor outcrop, which is typically affected by contamination of the intruding magmas with the host rocks and expressed in the form of abundant xenoliths, footwall rafts and disturbance of magmat

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36

Alex Zirakparvar, N., Edmond A. Mathez, James S. Scoates, and Corey J. Wall. "Zircon Hf isotope evidence for an enriched mantle source for the Bushveld Igneous Complex." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 168, no. 3 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-1050-2.

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37

Fiorentini, Marco L., Craig O’Neill, Andrea Giuliani, et al. "Bushveld superplume drove Proterozoic magmatism and metallogenesis in Australia." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76800-0.

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AbstractLarge-scale mantle convective processes are commonly reflected in the emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). These are high-volume, short-duration magmatic events consisting mainly of extensive flood basalts and their associated plumbing systems. One of the most voluminous LIPs in the geological record is the ~ 2.06 billion-year-old Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa (BIC), one of the most mineralised magmatic complexes on Earth. Surprisingly, the known geographic envelope of magmatism related to the BIC is limited to a series of satellite intrusions in southern Africa an

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38

Pirajno, Franco. "Mineral systems and their putative link with mantle plumes." Geological Society, London, Special Publications, May 5, 2021, SP518–2020–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp518-2020-276.

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AbstractIn this contribution, I discuss the putative link of mantle plumes with selected categories of mineral systems. Continental rifting and break-ups can be induced by the upwelling of mantle plumes, also resulting in the generation of a wide range of mineral deposits. These include magma-associated ores, anorogenic igneous events responsible for iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits, carbonatites and hydrothermal-induced mineralization, as well as hydrocarbons, salt domes, petroleum and gas, and several mineral systems in continental passive margins. Amongst the magma-associated mineral

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Rauch, Sebastien, and Olalekan S. Fatoki. "Anthropogenic Platinum Enrichment in the Vicinity of Mines in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 224, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1395-y.

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40

Mungall, James E., Sandra L. Kamo, and Stewart McQuade. "U–Pb geochronology documents out-of-sequence emplacement of ultramafic layers in the Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa." Nature Communications 7, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13385.

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41

Keir-Sage, Evan, Matthew I. Leybourne, Pedro J. Jugo, Danie F. Grobler, and Cédric C. Mayer. "Assessing the extent of local crust assimilation within the Flatreef, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, using sulfur isotopes and trace element geochemistry." Mineralium Deposita, November 5, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01024-1.

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Abstract The proximity to metasedimentary footwall rocks relative to platinum group element (PGE) mineralized intrusive rocks in the northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) has resulted in complex local contamination in the intrusions. To assess the extent of incorporation of non-magmatic material and its effects on PGE mineralization, major element, trace element, and S isotopic data were collected from drill core UMT094 on the Turfspruit farm, where core logging has shown that the mineralized Platreef, forming the Flatreef deposit, is located stratigraphically well above local se

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Maghdour-Mashhour, Reza, and Ben Hayes. "A Turbulent Magmatic Density Current and the Origin of the Anastomosing UG-1 Chromitites at Dwars River in the Bushveld Complex." Journal of Petrology 62, no. 7 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egab056.

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Abstract The origin of the enigmatic UG-1 chromitites at Dwars River in the eastern limb of the Bushveld Complex has been vigorously debated. The UG-1 chromitites form an anastomosing network of multiple layers that are hosted in poikilitic anorthosites and their formation has previously been explained by depositional, erosional, and intrusive processes. We propose that the UG-1 chromitites formed in response to the emplacement of a turbulent magmatic density current into the developing chamber. We use theoretical constraints in fluid mechanics to describe the evolution of the current and in t

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43

Aurela, Minna, Johan P. Beukes, Pieter van Zyl, et al. "The composition of ambient and fresh biomass burning aerosols at a savannah site, South Africa." South African Journal of Science Volume 112, Number 5/6 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/20150223.

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Abstract Atmospheric aerosols play a key role in climate change, and have adverse effects on human health. Given South Africa’s status as a rapidly-developing country with increasing urbanisation and industrial growth, information on the quality of ambient air is important. In this study, the chemical composition of ambient particles and the particles in fresh biomass burning plumes were studied at a savannah environment in Botsalano, South Africa. The results showed that Botsalano was regularly affected by air masses that had passed over several large point sources. Air masses that had passed

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44

"Some notes and statistics on rock engineering problems and FOG accidents in the South African mining industry for the period 1988–1992 with special reference to the Bushveld igneous complex mines." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30, no. 6 (1993): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)91691-b.

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Mayer, Cédric C., Pedro J. Jugo, Matthew I. Leybourne, Danie F. Grobler, and Alexandre Voinot. "Strontium isotope stratigraphy through the Flatreef PGE-Ni-Cu mineralization at Turfspruit, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex: evidence of correlation with the Merensky Unit of the eastern and western limbs." Mineralium Deposita, August 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01006-3.

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Langa, Malose M., Pedro J. Jugo, Matthew I. Leybourne, Danie F. Grobler, Jacob Adetunji, and Henrik Skogby. "Chromite chemistry of a massive chromitite seam in the northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: correlation with the UG-2 in the eastern and western limbs and evidence of variable assimilation of footwall rocks." Mineralium Deposita, March 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00964-y.

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