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1

SCRANTON, PHILIP. "Managing Communist Enterprises: Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, 1945–1970." Enterprise & Society 19, no. 3 (2018): 492–537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.13.

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Business history for three generations has focused almost exclusively on capitalist firms, their managers, and their relations with markets, states, and rivals. However, enterprises on all scales also operated within communist nations “building socialism” in the wake of World War II. This article represents a first-phase exploration of business practices in three Central European states as Stalinism gave way to cycles of reform and retrenchment in the 1960s. Focusing chiefly on industrial initiatives, the study asks: How did socialist enterprises work and change across the first postwar genera
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2

SPYCHAŁA, Joanna. "Regional business cycles in Poland." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.31.

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Purpose: The main goal of the considerations presented hereinbelow is a presentation of the course of action as well as an analysis of crucial features of cyclical fluctuations differentiated as entities in the Polish economy as well as in all provinces in the period of the first quarter of 2005 until the second quarter of 2019 based on the rate of the sold production of industry. Design/methodology/approach: A share of the respective regions in the structure of the sold production of industry was assessed. Finally, an attempt of assessing the rate of convergence in terms of morphology of a na
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Jędruchniewicz, Andrzej, Jan-Philipp Huchtemann, Philipp Welter, Eike Nordmeyer, Achim Spiller, and Dominic Lemken. "Business Cycle in Agriculture in Poland." German Journal of Agricultural Economics 69, no. 3 (2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.3.219-230.

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The main objective of the study was to characterize the business cycle and its particular phases in Polish agriculture and compare with the features of the cycle occurring in theory. The research for the years 2001-2015 which was based on annual real changes in final output allowed to identify three full cycles in Polish agriculture: 1) 2001-2006; 2) 2007-2010; 3) 2011-2015. The analysis of fluctuations showed that all cycles lasted from 4 to 6 years. Growth phases took from 2 to 4 years, and all downward ones lasted 2 years. The amplitudes of these phases were similar. There were both turning
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4

Stewart, Debra W., and Cynthia V. Stewart. "Lustration in poland and the former czechoslovakia: a study in decommunization." International Journal of Public Administration 18, no. 6 (1995): 879–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699508525037.

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5

SCRANTON, PHILIP. "Author’s Rejoinder to Comments on Managing Communist Enterprises: Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1945–1970." Enterprise & Society 19, no. 3 (2018): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.17.

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This text is the author’s reply to reactions to “Managing Communist Enterprises” from three colleagues, Lee Vinsel, Natalya Vinokurova, and Pál Germuska. It includes reflections on his work process in researching capitalist and noncapitalist firms and sectors and the practical and theoretical bases for that work. In the course of replying to particular suggestions and critiques, the rejoinder also offers some considerations about the current and future course of business history as a discipline.
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6

Beck, Krzysztof. "Application of filters to analysis of business cycles and business cycle synchronization of Poland with European countries." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 62, no. 10 (2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1053.

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The aim of this paper is to present the importance of business cycle synchronization between Poland and other European countries. The Hodrick- Prescott and Christiano-Fitzgerald filters were used in the research. They were applied to extract cyclical components from quarterly time series of real GDP of 33 European countries basing on the Eurostat’s quarterly data on nominal GDP and price level in the years 2002—2016. The application of filters proved that, in case of some countries (e.g. Greece), the economic crisis led not only to a drop of GDP but also to a break in the trend. Moreover, the
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7

Kijek, Arkadiusz. "Spectral Analysis Of Business Cycles In The Visegrad Group Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (2017): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0012.

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This paper examines the business cycle properties of Visegrad group countries. The main objective is to identify business cycles in these countries and to study the relationships between them. The author applies a modification of the Fourier analysis to estimate cycle amplitudes and frequencies. This allows for a more precise estimation of cycle characteristics than the traditional approach. The cross-spectral analysis of GDP cyclical components for the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia makes it possible to assess the degree of business cycle synchronization between the countries.
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8

Bruzda, Joanna. "Synchronization of business cycles in Poland and the euro zone – the wavelet domain approach." Equilibrium 3, no. 2 (2009): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2009.017.

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In the paper time-scale (wavelet) analysis is suggested as a tool for examining business cycle synchronization. Wavelet analysis enables to examine stochastic processes simultaneously in the time and frequency domains. Due to this the approach makes it possible to investigate time varying frequency components of economic processes. Among such components one can distinguish cycles of length over one year up to twelve years, which are known as business cycles (see Burns and Mitchell, 1946). In the paper this approach is illustrated with an examination of business cycle synchronization between Po
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9

Warżała, Rafał. "The Impact of Business Cycles on the Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Poland." Equilibrium 9, no. 2 (2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2014.009.

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The core of this article is to study the impact of the last world economic crisis and world foreign direct investment fluctuations in the same period. The empirical study was based on data published by UNCTAD in annual reports, called World Investment Report. The research concerning the Polish economy was based on data of Polish National Bank. For measuring the relation between studied phenomena, the analysis of correlation was used, as well as the structure rate and the rate of growth. For the evolution of GDP fluctuations in Poland in the years 1990-2012, both the method of statistical analy
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10

Acedański, Jan. "Youth unemployment and welfare gains from eliminating business cycles — The case of Poland." Economic Modelling 57 (September 2016): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.05.012.

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11

Lenart, Łukasz, Błażej Mazur, and Mateusz Pipień. "Statistical analysis of business cycle fluctuations in Poland before and after the crisis." Equilibrium 11, no. 4 (2016): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.035.

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The main objective of the paper is to investigate properties of business cycles in the Polish economy before and after the recent crisis. The essential issue addressed here is whether there is statistical evidence that the recent crisis has affected the properties of the business cycle fluctuations. In order to improve robustness of the results, we do not confine ourselves to any single inference method, but instead use different groups of statistical tools, including non-parametric methods based on subsampling and parametric Bayesian methods. We examine monthly series of industrial production
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12

Mierzejewski, Mateusz, and Karolina Palimąka. "A Multi – Speed Europe, and the Peripherality of Poland." e-Finanse 15, no. 1 (2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2019-0004.

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AbstractIn recent years, research on the synchronization of business cycles in economies has been undertaken more than once. This is a desirable phenomenon especially for the European Union. The aim of the article is to verify selected macroeconomic indicators that characterize the economies of countries belonging to the European Union in relation to Poland, thus presenting convergence of dynamic cycles of changes in socio-economic sphere indicators: inflation rate, unemployment rate, short-term interest rates, and GDP. For this purpose, a cross-spectral analysis was used which allows us to sh
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13

Warżała, Rafał. "Synchronisation of Regional Business Cycles of Eastern Polish Provinces with the National Cycle in the Context of Regional Economic Structures." Olsztyn Economic Journal 10, no. 2 (2015): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3144.

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The objective of the article is to determine the degree of regional variation among provinces located in so-called Eastern Poland. The criterion for such variation is the structure of the generated GDP and the course of fluctuations in business cycles related to it. The analysis of economy structures in such provinces, as well as application of band-pass filters, used for separating the course of cyclical fluctuations, enabled the evaluation of the degree of structural discrepancies and business cycle discrepancies in five examined provinces. The analysis of cycle morphology in a regional pers
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14

Njegić, Jovan, Dejan Živkov, and Jelena Damnjanović. "Business cycles synchronisation between the EU-15 and selected Eastern European Countries – The wavelet coherence approach." Acta Oeconomica 67, no. 4 (2017): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2017.67.4.3.

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This paper strives to investigate the level of business cycles synchronisation between 8 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) and the EU-15. We use wavelet coherence and phase difference methodology as a very suitable tool that observes simultaneously the strength of business cycles’ co-movement in the aspect of time as well as in the aspect of frequency. The results indicate that the business cycles of CEECs are generally synchronised with the EU-15 business cycles, whereas distinct differences existed before, during, and after the financial crisis (2008–2009) and during the European
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15

Konsek-Ciechońska, Justyna. "STARTUP COMPANIES, CHALLENGES IN POLAND." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (2019): 1621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061621k.

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130,000 enterprises are created every day all around the world, some of them are startups, of which nine out of ten are liquidated, 60% in the second year of operation211. The aim of the article is to present the essence of a startup-type enterprise as the subject most often associated with new technologies and characterized by higher risk than traditional enterprises, but also a higher chance for above-average development and profits.Research on startups is of great importance. Many of these enterprises end their operation at a very early stage. These enterprises fail because, among other thi
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16

Wrzesińska-Kowal, Joanna, and Małgorzata Raczkowska. "DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES IN POLAND’S RETAIL TRADE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (2020): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0198.

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The aim of the research was to present changes taking place in retail trade in Poland after economic transformation. The diversity of retail sales forms was presented. Five stages of transformation of this sector were isolated. The directions of changes as well as the perspectives for the development of retail trade were indicated. The period under study was the years 1990-2018. This article was prepared mainly on the basis of literature and data obtained from the GUS (Eng. Central Statistical Office) and studies of the former Instytut Badań Rynku, Konsumpcji i Koniunktur (Eng. Institute for M
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17

Los, Vita, and Dmytro Ocheretin. "Construction of business confidence index based on a system of economic indicators." SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196506003.

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One of the important indicators that characterize the economy of the country is the business confidence index. It is the basis for tracking the cycles of economic dynamics and analysis of the country's business climate. Evaluation of this indicator makes it possible to predict the crisis phenomena that are occurring in the economy, and to develop possible ways out of difficult situations. On the example of the five countries (Ukraine, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Poland) it was also analyzed the possibility of constructing the business confidence index based on economic indicators, which charac
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18

Szaruga, Elżbieta. "Evaluation and verification of synchronization of business cycles of consumer price index of energy between Poland and OECD-Europe or EU-28." European Journal of Service Management 27 (2018): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ejsm.2018.27/1-41.

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19

Mierzejewski, Mateusz, and Magdalena Lampart. "Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 2 (2018): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.2.49.

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The article presents a study on the phenomenon of pig gaps in the perspective of pig, cattle, and poultry farming in Poland. The work attempts to define the phenomenon itself as well as to show the reasons for its occurrence and significance for the Polish economy. The study used a cross-spectral analysis, which indicated cyclical relationships and shifts between the studied time series. The methodology of the work was based on a simplified spectral analysis, i.e. the use of the square of coherence, spectral density and phase spectrum. In addition, the article uses a comparative method for sel
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20

Kołodziejczak, Włodzimierz. "Occupational Situation of the Rural Farming and Landless Population in Poland in 2002-2016." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 2 (2018): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.2.43.

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The Polish rural population is highly differentiated in terms of occupational situation, mainly because of the rural population’s involvement in individual farming. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occupational situation of the rural farming and landless population in 2002, 2016 and 2017 in the context of non-farming job opportunities and unemployment risks. The study consists of two parts; the first one analyses the changes to the occupational situation of the rural population in the labour market; the second one identifies the risk of unemployment in selected groups of rural p
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21

Avioutskii, Viatcheslav, and Mouloud Tensaout. "Does politics matter? Partisan FDI in Central and Eastern Europe." Multinational Business Review 24, no. 4 (2016): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-07-2015-0028.

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Purpose While many studies have investigated the impact of institutional factors (i.e. financial risk factors) in the host country on inward foreign direct investment (FDI), fewer studies have researched on the locational aspects of FDI in relation to the political economy. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the effects of the political economy on inward FDI in Poland’s regions and in other CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a theoretical argument postulating that political economy affects locational determinants of FDI inflow.
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22

Kubiszewska, Katarzyna. "Development of banking sectors in Kosovo and Montenegro in the years 2000-2010." Oeconomia Copernicana 3, no. 3 (2012): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2012.016.

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The article presents main aspects of the development of banking markets in two Balkan countries – Kosovo and Montenegro. Both of them are charaterised by similar recent history, both in political and economical fields. Their financial sectors had to be built almost from scratch. The author describes the stages of development of competition in the banking sectors, using the following ratios: performace, structure, liquidity. The data is based on the information achieved from Kosovar and Montenegral central banks. Comparison of their achievements are presented on the pentagon adopted from macroe
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23

Vobolevičius, Vincentas. "Patronage or Signaling: How Mayors Use City Payroll to Stay in Office." International Journal of Area Studies 11, no. 2 (2016): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijas-2016-0008.

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Abstract Several studies on municipal hiring decisions have indicated that when a city’s payroll grows, its mayor’s re-election prospects are likely to improve. It is not clear, however, if such an effect is attributable to patronage-driven, or signaling-driven, behavior of the incumbents. The difference is important: patronage leads to inefficient public administration, while signaling can produce political business cycles. In this paper, I propose some key electoral implications of patronage-driven and signaling-driven hiring, and verify them with data on local elections in Bulgaria (2015 an
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24

Piskiewicz, Lucyna, and Małgorzata Radziukiewicz. "Stock of Durable Goods in Households." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 10 (2018): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0703.

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The aim of the article is to discuss the stock of durable goods in households and consumer behaviours in the market for domestic appliance, RTV, and ICT devices. The research dealt with: equipment of households with durables taking into account the age and the number of products possessed, stock of modern goods, the scale of unsatisfied needs in this respect, the factors determining the choice of durables, consumers’ attitudes towards market novelties in this group of products as well as the opinions on the exchange of possessed goods for the new ones. The analyses were based on the data from
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25

Halahan, Oleksandr O., Olha V. Kovtoniuk, Natalia P. Korohoda, and Yulian S. Braychevskyy. "Military landscapes of the Pryvododilni Gorgany as a premise for increasing tourist attractiveness of the area (the case of the Chorna Klyva mountain)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 2 (2020): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112025.

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The article examines the potential of military landscapes for promoting environmentally sustainable forms of active tourism (aimed at both natural sightseeing and military history of the area) in the Ukrainian Carpathians region focusing on the case of military landscapes of the mountain Chorna Klyva (the Bratkivskyi Ridge of the Pryvododilni Gorgany). The line of fortifications, which constitute their basis, used to belong to the so called “St. Laslo Line” built in 1939-1943 on the remains of the World War I fortifications. These fortifications (the system of trenches) were built in the upper
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26

Kotliński, Kamil, and Rafał Warżała. "Fiscal Policy and Regional Business Cycles in Poland." Olsztyn Economic Journal 13, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.24.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the adequacy of discretionary fiscal policy, implemented at the national level, on the course of regional business fluctuations in Poland. Research is conducted as follows: identification of regional business cycles, identification of national fiscal policy as restrictive or expansive, and comparison of fiscal policy adequacy and phases of regional business cycles. In order to separate a cyclical factor from the empirical data, the Christiano-Fitzgerald asymmetrical filter was exploited. The character of discretional fiscal policy was evaluated on the basis
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27

Kovacic, Zlatko J., and Milos Vilotic. "Characterising and testing European business cycles asymmetry." Equilibrium 12, no. 3 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i3.24.

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Research background: One of business cycles stylised facts is that contractions are shorter than expansions, but less persistent, more volatile, and therefore asymmetric. Investigating existence and type of business cycles asymmetry is important for analysis of economic policy and statistical modelling. Economic implication of business cycles asymmetry is that economic policy should be different in a period of contractions than in one of expansion. Statistical implication is that linear models of business cycles cannot capture this stylised fact.
 Purpose of the article: The article has t
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28

"Major business organisations of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, 1991: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, Yugoslavia." Choice Reviews Online 29, no. 07 (1992): 29–3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-3672.

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29

Avouyi-Dovi, Sanvi, Rafal Kierzenkowski, and Catherine Lubochinsky. "Are Business and Credit Cycles Converging or Diverging? A Comparison of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and the Euro Area." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1698161.

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30

Kurach, Radosław, and Jerzy Stelmach. "Monetary Union Accession and the Severity of Potential Asymmetric Shocks - the Case of Lithuania and Poland." Ekonomika 83 (December 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2008.17669.

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Monetary union accession generates benefits and costs for the entering countries. According to the seminal paper by Mundell (1961), the possible costs are usually associated with the asymmetric shocks that might take place. Under the currency union regime, these asymmetric shocks can be no longer neutralized by the countryspecific monetary policy tools, hence the flexibility of the economy is desirable.In this article, we employ the measure of business cycles correlation proposed by Artis and Zhang (1995) as well as labor market statistics to examine how easy the economies of Lithuania and Pol
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31

Hall, G. "Peronospora rubi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 98 (July 1, 1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400976.

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Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora rubi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Rubus arcticus, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. canescens, R. chamaemorus, R. cissiburiensis, R. cissoides, R. corylifolius egg. (R. caesius × tereticaulis, R. nemorosus), R. flagellaris, R. fruticosus egg. (R. bregutiensis, R. buschi, R. glandulosus, R. hirtus, R. menkei, R. seebergensis, R. tereticaulis, R. vulgaris), R. idaeus, R. laciniatus, R. leucodermis, R. × loganobaccus (orursinus × ideaus), R. occidentalis
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32

McCosker, Anthony, and Rowan Wilken. "Café Space, Communication, Creativity, and Materialism." M/C Journal 15, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.459.

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IntroductionCoffee, as a stimulant, and the spaces in which it is has been consumed, have long played a vital role in fostering communication, creativity, and sociality. This article explores the interrelationship of café space, communication, creativity, and materialism. In developing these themes, this article is structured in two parts. The first looks back to the coffee houses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to give a historical context to the contemporary role of the café as a key site of creativity through its facilitation of social interaction, communication and information
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