Academic literature on the topic 'Business degrees'
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Journal articles on the topic "Business degrees"
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Rowley, Jennifer. "Foundation degrees: a risky business?" Quality Assurance in Education 13, no. 1 (2005): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684880510578623.
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Fraser, Kym. "Is Indonesia Producing Enough Business Graduates to Assist its Development Aspirations?" Industry and Higher Education 27, no. 2 (2013): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0148.
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Business plays an important role in most economies around the world, but businesses rely on the higher education system to supply an adequate number of qualified business graduates. In nations such as the USA, the UK and Australia, business degrees are the most popular university qualification; and the growth in the number of Chinese students undertaking business degrees in universities outside their home country over the past decade has been astronomical. In contrast, for Indonesia there has been a decline in the number of business degrees being undertaken abroad and at home. Indonesia has set a number of ambitious development goals and if these are to be achieved, there will need to be increasing activity from the business sector. Therefore, it is argued, questions should be raised about the current declining rate of student numbers in higher education business degree courses, and about whether the trend will have a detrimental impact on the future development aspirations of this highly populated country.
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Zych, Magdalena. "Education for business analysts in Poland." Education for Information 36, no. 4 (2020): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/efi-200391.
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The research aim is to investigate the relationship between skills required for a business analyst’s (BA) job and learning outcomes from selected Library and Information Science (LIS) degrees in Poland. Two hypotheses are stated: 1. Employers in Poland look for their future BAs among graduates with different degrees; 2. LIS-related degrees provide the core competences required for a BA job in Poland. An analysis of job offers for BAs in Poland was made, along with a comparative analysis of BA skills from the Standard Classification of Occupations, version 3 of the Guide to Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (BABOK 3), job offers and learning outcomes from Polish LIS-related degree courses. The most common requirements posted in job offers are language skills, knowledge of IT tools, communication, presentation and mediation skills, personality traits and analytical skills. Distinctive BA features such as understanding the nature of business analysis, requirements engineering, using notations and process frameworks, systems modelling and programming were found only in job offers and BABOK 3. Recommendations are made for LIS-related degree courses on how to deal with the mismatch between the skills required in the job market and those received through formal education.
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Rapp, Randy R. "Business Strategy: Ideas for Construction Master's Degrees." Leadership and Management in Engineering 1, no. 2 (2001): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-6748(2001)1:2(37).
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Coates, Nigel F., and Roy E. Koemer. "How market oriented are business studies degrees?" Journal of Marketing Management 12, no. 5 (1996): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1996.9964427.
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Wier, Benson, Dan N. Stone, and James E. Hunton. "Does Graduate Business Education Contribute to Professional Accounting Success? (Retracted)." Accounting Horizons 19, no. 2 (2005): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2005.19.2.85.
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We investigate the value of graduate business education in learning tacit knowledge and achieving professional accounting success. Archival (n = 5,932) and survey (n = 2,941) data from managerial accountants employed at 2,525 North American companies in three industries (publishing, paper, and chemical) indicate that job performance evaluations (JPEs) of those who hold either a Master's of Accountancy (M.Acc.) or M.B.A. degree are generally higher than non-master's (NM) degree accountants. We find some evidence that professionals with master's degrees, as compared to NM professionals, have higher levels of two forms of tacit managerial knowledge (TMK): self and others. The results also suggest that M.Acc. and M.B.A. degrees contribute to success differentially throughout the professionals' careers. Specifically, a M.Acc. degree provides greater benefit than a M.B.A. degree in the early and middle career years, while an M.B.A. degree provides greater benefit than a M.Acc. degree in later career years. The results indicate that M.Acc. and M.B.A. degrees contribute to success by increasing specific types of knowledge and enhancing ones' ability to learn.
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Alonso-Conde, Ana Belén, Javier Rojo-Suárez, and Sandra Rentas. "Do Business Administration degrees encourage entrepreneurship and strengthen connection with business incubators?" On the Horizon 28, no. 4 (2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-05-2020-0019.
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Purpose First, this paper aims to study the extent to which students in business administration degrees are aware of the characteristics of the business ecosystem. Second, the degree of knowledge of the benefits resulting from the interaction between the university-based business incubators and the universities are studied. Design/methodology/approach To focus the discussion, a survey is conducted, asking students their preferences as future professionals, as well as their knowledge about specific sources of financing, namely, venture capital and crowdfunding and other networks useful to foster the creation of companies such as business incubators. Findings Results reveal that the students under study mostly prefer to work as employees in a company. Additionally, these results suggest a poor knowledge from students regarding specific aspects related to entrepreneurship and, more specifically, business incubators. These empirical results underline the need to shift the focus of subject programmes towards a greater focus on entrepreneurship. Additionally, the results also draw attention to the need of fostering the relationship between business incubators and universities, so that students become aware of the support that these networks can provide to entrepreneurs in the early stages of business projects. Research limitations/implications The data analysis for this study is built based on a survey of students attending specific finance courses at a Spanish public university. It is worth noting that in this study we have based on the supply side whereby future research might focus on the point of view given by the firm’s recruitment of business administration students. In addition, to strengthen the conclusions drawn from this study, further research should increase the sample period and the outcomes achieved at other universities in different regions. Practical implications In terms of policy implications, the empirical findings highlight the relevance of understanding the effectiveness of entrepreneurship programmes, given the budgetary expenditure involved in entrepreneurship education. Originality/value The relevance of the issue has been highlighted through a literature review of the past 10 years. In terms of policy implications, the empirical findings highlight the relevance of understanding the effectiveness of entrepreneurship programmes, given the budgetary expenditure involved in entrepreneurship education.
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Rhodd, Rupert G., Sandra M. Schrouder, and Marcus T. Allen. "Weekend business school degrees: Levelling the playing field?" Applied Economics Letters 18, no. 13 (2011): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2010.534058.
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Halabi, Abdel. "Business Degrees: Accounting is Still a Popular Choice." Australian Journal of Career Development 3, no. 1 (1994): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629400300105.
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Schaffer, Burton F., Hamid Ahmadi, and D. Ordell Calkins. "Academic Qualifications of Women with Degrees in Business." Journal of Education for Business 61, no. 7 (1986): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1986.10772738.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Business degrees"
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Charity, Ian. "PhD and professional doctorate : higher degrees of separation?" Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/837/.
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This thesis presents an exploration of the "purpose and process" of doctoral education and has twin, equally valuable, purposes: to make an original theoretical contribution and to improve professional practice in this area. This work addresses the lack of pedagogical research into doctoral education at a time when changing perspectives are reshaping the doctoral education landscape. A number of alternatives to the traditional research PhD now exist and this has generated debate as to the specific differences between the various programmes. This research explores the purpose and process of doctoral education from the perspective of the traditional PhD and the professional doctorate and uses Northumbria University as the case study institution. This research is timely since at Northumbria new doctoral programmes are being established and existing professional doctorate programmes are undergoing significant revisions to try and provide distinctive alternatives to the PhD. The current debates regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the PhD and professional doctorates are presented and three key processes of doctoral study are critically reviewed; knowledge generation, supervision and assessment. A distinguishing feature of this research is my own position within the research setting: I am both a DBA student and a member of staff involved with the delivery of doctoral programmes. Furthermore, the product of the research itself is enmeshed with the research topic and I introduce the concept of "compounded insiderness" to describe this situation. Methodologically, this has lead to the adoption of a constructivist ontological stance coupled with an interpretivist theoretical perspective for analysis. The subjectivity of this research and my influence on the research process has been acknowledged as a central feature, demonstrated through reflexive behaviour. The research strategy is inductive in nature with data generated through twenty-two ethically conducted interviews with purposively selected participants in the doctoral research community at Northumbria University. Software has been used to store, organise and manipulate the data that were then analysed using a combination of concept driven and data driven coding structured using Nigel King's template analysis method. Student perceptions were analysed separately within PhD and professional doctorate subgroups and then compared across the two programmes whereas the staff interview data were analysed as a whole. I argue that this research is highly transparent and has the potential to be transferable to other higher education intuitions. This research makes an original theoretical contribution by concluding that, at a broad level of comparison, the taught stage of the professional doctorate separates the routes initially but once the research phase is underway, the PhD and professional doctorate at Northumbria University overlap considerably. Where differences exist, these are subtle and more likely to be related to the purpose of the programmes rather than any tangible differences that would be experienced by students in terms of process. Staff may see the programmes as "notionally different", but the interpretation of the purpose of a professional doctorate is subject to debate, particularly with regard to "making an original contribution to knowledge" and the role of theory. As a consequence, this raises serious questions regarding assessment. Professional doctorates are caught in a difficult position, since they desire to be different to a PhD and to attract different candidates, but must maintain a level of academic parity in order to be attractive. This research aims to improve professional practice at Northumbria University by raising awareness of similarities and differences between the programmes and it has already made an impact in this respect.
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Leung, Kong-yui, and 梁剛銳. "A strategic study of the market for MBA degrees in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264396.
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Wyer, Peter. "The effects of varying forms and degrees of government intervention upon the effective competitiveness of UK small businesses." Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10868/.
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This doctoral thesis responds to the need for greater understanding of small businesses and their inherent unique problem-types. Integral to the investigation is the theme that for governments to effectively influence small business, a sound understanding of the factors they are seeking to influence is essential. Moreover, the study, in its recognition of the many shortcomings in management research and, in particular that the research methods and approaches adopted often fail to give adequate understanding of issues under study, attempts to develop an innovative and creative research approach. The aim thus being to produce, not only advances in small business management knowledge from the standpoints of government policy makers and `lq recipient small business, but also insights into future potential research method for the continued development of that knowledge. The origins of the methodology lay in the non-acceptance of traditional philosophical positions in epistemology and ontology, with a philosophical standpoint of internal realism underpinning the research. Internal realism presents the basis for the potential co-existence of qualitative and quantitative research strategy and underlines the crucial contributory role of research method in provision of ultimate factual status of the assertions of research findings. The concept of epistemological bootstrapping is thus used to develop a `lq partial research framework to foothold case study research, thereby avoiding limitations of objectivism and brute inductivism. The major insights and issues highlighted by the `lq bootstrap, guide the researcher around the participant case studies. A novel attempt at contextualist (linked multi-level and processual) analysis was attempted in the major in-depth case study, with two further cases playing a support role and contributing to a balanced emphasis of empirical research within the context of time constraints inherent within part-time research.
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Yang, Hsiao-Pei. "The information search of Taiwanese students within the decision-making of business Master's degrees in Taiwan and in the UK." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2008. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10465/.
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This study investigated Taiwanese students' information search regarding their application choices for business Master's degees in Taiwan). Taiwanese students studying) in Taiwan and Taiwanese students studying in the UK in this study were used to contrast the similarities and differences between the information search of home-based and international students. In the literature review, previous studies on information search were discussed, and a conceptual framework was presented to indicate the stages of students' decision-making and possible external information sources that students might use. As the majority of research was conducted amongst Western English-speaking home-based students, the importance of investigating how information sources could be used differently by Taiwanese applicants was emphasised. The study employed qualitative data collection of focus group discussions, observations and interviews to investigate how participants used information sources to find the information they needed in making Master's choices. Different types of universities in Taiwan and in the UK were sampled to explore students' choice criteria. Template Analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings suggested that the TW group had more internal information which reduced the level of their external search. On the other hand, the UK group as international students needed more external information as a result of lacking internal information. This study also found Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) and educational agents were influential to Taiwanese participants' Master's decision-making. Also, middle range universities are often selected by the UK group, while parental influences were limited to both the TW and the UK group. As current students and alumni were found in this study to be particularly influential regarding applicants' Master's choices, higher education institutions (HEI) should also look after current students when trying to market courses to potential students.
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Helmick, Michael Stephen. "A Study of the Impact of the Associate of Applied Science Degree on the Region Served by Walters State Community College." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1088.
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This study investigated the impact a community college associate of applied science degree from a rural college in east Tennessee has on the area served by the college. Variables explored in this study included residence location, employment status, employment location, salary range, and advanced degree persistence.
The population for this study included all Summer 1999, Fall 1999, Spring 2000, and Summer 2000 Associate of Applied Science graduates from Walters State Community College. Data for this study were collected via a student survey and information gathered from the student information system database at the college. All hypotheses were analyzed using descriptive techniques appropriate to the data analyzed, including Chi Square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests.
Based on the analysis of the population sample, Associate of Applied Science graduates do have a positive impact on the Walters State Community College service delivery area. Associate of Applied Science graduates tend to reside in the area, are employed in the area, have reasonable salaries, and many work toward advanced degrees.
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Dunlop, Connie Whittaker. "Degrees of Relevance: A Basic Qualitative Study of How MBA Students Make Their Education Relevant as They Cross Boundaries Between School and Work." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28256432.
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The purpose of the study was to explore how working professionals enrolled in MBA programs make their education relevant. This inquiry was guided by the following central research question: How do students enrolled in MBA programs make their education relevant as they cross boundaries between school and work? The central research question was supported by three subquestions: What are the objects crossing the boundary between the MBA program and students’ workplaces? How do MBA students broker learning at the boundary? At what level are interactions occurring and to what end? Grounded in social constructivist epistemology, a basic qualitative method was chosen for this study. Data were collected through 18 semi-structured interviews with 10 students and eight learning partners, 18 field notes that described the context of the interview and early insights from the data collected, and 28 documents such as course descriptions and work presentations. Study participants shared a total of 39 critical incidents of learning that crossed the boundary between school and work. Data were analyzed and synthesized to produce three overall themes, which were translated into a typology of four relevance-making types, which provided the basis for 10 participant profiles. Then, patterns of content, process, and outcomes for each type of relevance-making were analyzed and synthesized. This study found that relevance-making differed by type and depended upon students’ intentions for Innovative Climbing, Identity Switching, Introspective Exploring, or Fast Founding. In Innovative Climbing, students integrated new business concepts from school at work in order to earn promotions. In Identity Switching, students changed how they saw themselves and how others saw them in order to change where they work. In Introspective Exploring, students reflected upon their experiences in ways that informed their career goals. In Fast Founding, a student rapidly introduced business concepts from school into the workplace to sustain his business venture. It was through discovering or realizing these intentions that relevance was made.
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Mariampillai, John K. "Collaborative provision within UK higher education : perceptions of stakeholders of UK and Sri Lankan private colleges offering university degrees in business and management." Thesis, University of West London, 2014. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1059/.
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Collaborative higher education refers to an array of different arrangements between higher education institutions (HEIs) and other providers - private providers in the case of this thesis. The main focus of the thesis is to understand stakeholders’ perspectives on collaborative partnerships between HEIs and private for-profit providers in the provision of UK degree courses in business and management. Recent decades have seen the massification of HE. The demand for HE in the UK has been growing significantly. But the state has begun to disengage itself from financing HEIs and thus their continuing state funding is under challenge. Market mechanisms have been introduced. Collaborative HE provision between HEIs and private for-profit providers can be seen as an activity undertaken as part of an increasingly marketised UK HE landscape. Management, staff such as link-tutors, and policy-makers in quality organisations were interviewed: thirteen in the UK and six in Sri Lanka. Five former non-European Union (EU) private college international students were interviewed in the UK. Three focus groups were conducted with non-EU private college international students in the UK. This is an exploratory study, from which it is not possible to generalise, but findings indicate that: a. Non-EU international students choose to study in private HE colleges because it enables them to acquire a UK degree at a lower cost. b. Working with private partners in the UK and overseas is perceived to have an economic motive and collaborative partnerships are seen as a partial solution to the difficult financial situation of HEIs. c. Collaborative HE partnerships help UK HEIs to expand their market. d. Government intervention in the private for-profit HE sector is discernible, for example through the Educational Oversight Review of private providers. This is blurring the boundary between what is described as public and private.
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Robinson, Dennis E. "An analysis of knowledge of the Bible, private school law, and business and finance between Christian school principals with and without graduate degrees." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5018.
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The data showed that it did not seem to make a difference whether the respondents had attained a graduate degree in any of the tested fields; there was little or no significant difference in their score. This evidence suggests that no current study program adequately prepares an individual with the knowledge base needed to effectively lead a Christian school, especially in the areas of private school law and business and finance. Given that the review of literature showed that Christian schools most often fail due to financial reasons, this finding is particularly significant. It was suggested that universities look at the principal preparation programs to determine if they can add material which would help to better prepare the Christian school principal. This study indicates a knowledge deficit in the areas of business and finance and private school law, materials added in those areas might prove helpful to this group. Follow-on study was suggested in a larger population of Christian schools, perhaps in the Association of Christian Schools International, to more definitively determine if specially designed graduate programs need to be developed for this population of administrators.; This study analyzed the performance of a sample of K-12 Assemblies of God Christian school principals on the Christian School Principal Preparation Assessment Questionnaire (CSPPAQ). The CSPPAQ, developed especially for this study, assesses knowledge in three areas: knowledge of the Bible, knowledge of private school law, and knowledge of business and finance. A sample size of 102 was determined using the sample size formula, based on a population of 611 and a bound of 4 (??2). Numerous school closures over the course of this study caused the population size to drop to 490. This fact, coupled with a 45% survey return rate called for an adjustment of the bound to 6.4 (??3.2) for a sample size of 42. The scores in each of the three sub-areas as well as the composite score were then analyzed to determine if there was a statistically significant relationship between principals without a graduate degree and those with a graduate degree in Bible/theology, educational leadership and other (any other graduate degree). A single factor ANOVA procedure was used and determined that no statistically significant relationship exists for mean score in knowledge of the Bible (F=1.05, pgreater than].05). Mean score for knowledge of private school law showed a marginally significant difference (F=2.8, p=.054). Mean score in knowledge of business and finance also showed no significant relationship (F=1.7, pgreater than].05) with the same result for the composite score (F=2.18, pgreater than].05). Mean scores in the areas of private school law and business and finance were low (18.7 and 16.2 respectively). Calculating a percentage score for these areas would compute to 53% (18.7/35) and 54% (16.2/30) respectively, indicating a low knowledge base for these areas. Percentage composite score was also low at 63% (55.2/88).<br>ID: 030423409; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-141).<br>Ed.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Teaching, Learning and Leadership<br>Education
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Fallshaw, Eveline Mcintyre. "Quality : reality, rhetoric and the locus of control in taught masters degrees in Hong Kong /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18598602.
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Workman, Joanne. "Paying for pedigree : British business schools and the Master of Business Administration degree." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419815.
Full textBooks on the topic "Business degrees"
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Business environment: Course book : business essentials supporting HNC/HND and Foundation degrees. 2nd ed. BPP Learning Media, 2010.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best programmes. Financial Times Management, 1998.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best programmes. 8th ed. Economist Intelligence Unit, 1996.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best MBAs. Pearson Education, 2003.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best programmes. 9th ed. Pitman, 1997.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best MBAs. Pearson Education, 2001.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best programmes. 5th ed. Addison-Wesley, 1993.
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Bickerstaffe, George. Which MBA?: A critical guide to the world's best MBAs. Pearson Education, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Business degrees"
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Bazaz, Pinky. "Defining Excellence: Value in Creative Degrees." In Palgrave Studies in Business, Arts and Humanities. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37035-0_3.
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Nourani, Cyrus F. "Competitive Models, Compatibility Degrees, and Random Sets." In Computing Predictive Analytics, Business Intelligence, and Economics. Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429465468-11.
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Thijssen, Thomas J. P., and Fons T. J. Vernooij. "Breaking the Boundaries Between Academic Degrees and Lifelong Learning." In Educational Innovation in Economics and Business IX. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3171-8_8.
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Vishik, Claire, and Giusella Finocchiaro. "Relative Anonymity: Measuring Degrees of Anonymity in Diverse Computing Environment." In ISSE 2009 Securing Electronic Business Processes. Vieweg+Teubner, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9363-5_19.
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McInnis-Bowers, C., E. Byron Chew, and Michael R. Bowers. "Graduate Certificate for Students with Undergraduate Degrees from Foreign Universities: Implications for Students and Schools in Emerging Markets." In Business Education and Emerging Market Economies. Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8072-9_10.
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Holderer, Julius. "OLive-L: A SecANet Use Case for Log-Based Obstruction Solving." In Obstructions in Security-Aware Business Processes. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38154-7_5.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the OLive-L approach will illustrate how the SecANet approach presented in Chapter 3 can be applied to handle and resolve obstructions based on process logs. In order to complete the workflow in that context, based on indicators captured as costs, a certain yet still compliant degree of violation of safety properties is tolerated. The solutions allow for additional, eventually live, process execution sequences because they widen the behavioral framework restricted by classic IT security in a security-sensitive way. This chapter focuses on log-based completability (as identified in Chapter 2) and considers the obstruction as an execution trace in the context of process event logs. The realization of the OLive-L approach will incorporate methods of process mining and machine learning techniques to propose security-sensitive solutions that represent the nearest match of successful executions to escape an obstructed state. To show the applicability of the OLive-L approach, the evaluation offers experimental results based on event data synthesized from SecANet execution sequences. A set of example process logs will be generated using sample models with different degrees of complexity. Experiments based on these inputs will empirically show characteristics and functionality of the proposed approach. In the course of the discussion it will be sketched how logs may be used for the model-based approach and vice versa.
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Holderer, Julius. "OLive-M: A SecANet Use Case for Model-Based Obstruction Solving." In Obstructions in Security-Aware Business Processes. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38154-7_4.
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AbstractThe OLive-M approach in this chapter and the OLive-L approach in Chapter 5 will illustrate how the SecANet approach presented in Chapter 3 can be applied to handle and resolve obstructions based on a process model or a process log, respectively. In order to complete the workflow in that context, based on indicators captured as costs, a certain yet still compliant degree of violation of safety properties is tolerated. The solutions allow for additional, eventually live, process execution sequences because they widen the behavioral framework restricted by classic IT security in a security-sensitive way. In order to address the requirements for specification-based completability (as identified in Chapter 2), this chapter proposes a model-based technique to complete obstructions based on the SecANet encoding. Thereby, the OLive-M approach will interpret the question how to complete an obstructed process as an optimization problem. Based on the examination of suitable methods, an integer linear programming model that optimizes the SecANet marking equation and its security-sensitive costs will realize the OLive-M approach as a way to deal with obstructions. For evaluation, a set of example models will be generated using sample models with different degrees of complexity. Experiments based on these inputs will empirically show characteristics and functionality of the proposed approach. In contrast to the exhaustive exploration of all possible markings (i.e., computing the marking graph), the experimental evaluation will underline the “lightness” of this technique to resolve obstructions. The discussion will then indicate how the approach can be used to also analyze satisfiability or resilience.
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Groucutt, Jonathan. "Introduction." In Business Degree Success. Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06149-2_1.
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Groucutt, Jonathan. "Team Working." In Business Degree Success. Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06149-2_10.
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Groucutt, Jonathan. "Presentation Skills." In Business Degree Success. Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06149-2_11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Business degrees"
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de-Miguel-Molina, Blanca, María de-Miguel-Molina, Virginia Santamarina-Campos, and María Angeles Carabal-Montagud. "USE OF INFOGRAPHICS BY STUDENTS IN BUSINESS DEGREES." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.0936.
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Suárez-García, Andrés, Miguel Angel Álvarez-Feijoo, Elena Arce, Francisco Zayas-Gato, and Mercedes Novo. "JUPYTER NOTEBOOKS FOR THE TEACHING OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN STEM DEGREES." In 14th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.0982.
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Beas Collado, María Isabel, and Joan Raül Burriel Calvet. "EMPLOYABILITY PROFILES IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMICS BACHELOR DEGREES." In 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.2197.
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Korsaka, Tereza, and Gunta Grinberga-Zalite. "Theoretical characteristics of using leverage instruments in the context of rural entrepreneurship." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.022.
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Today, the matters pertaining to regional and urban development in the EU are increasingly integrated into EU development plans and strategies. The EU actively facilitates regional development by supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions to contribute to employment, education and social integration. The strategic goal of the National Development Plan of Latvia 2021-2027 is to promote also regional development in Latvia in order to ensure long-term balanced growth in the country. Promoting entrepreneurship in the regions is of great importance, as Latvia is still one of the countries in the European Union experiencing unbalanced regional development and having socio-economic disparities. Consequently, financial performance and financial stability play an important role in sustainable business development. Rural entrepreneurs whose business is seasonal often lack an awareness of the role of financial leverage degrees, which could lead to making wrong decisions. Performing an assessment of the degrees of financial leverage could be useful not only in a situation when experiencing a business expansion but also when a business decline occurs, which is specific to rural entrepreneurship. A hypothesis of the present research is based on the authors’ opinion that by meaningfully applying the degrees of financial leverage, it is possible to enhance the financial performance of enterprises, which is particularly important for rural entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to define the degrees of financial leverage – the degree of operating leverage (DOL), the degree of financial leverage (DFL) and the degree of combined leverage (DCL) – as measures of financial performance of enterprises and classify the principles of measure assessment in relation to whether the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations are positive or negative. The research employed the following methods: induction – to make scientific assumptions and identify similarities based on individual elements – and deduction – to logically systematize and explain empirical data. Applying the empirical and logical construction methods, the authors analysed six different theoretically possible situations, gave six different examples, defined and classified the principles of leverage degree assessment as different (positive and negative) in relation to the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations.
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Varela, Miguel, Rita Mendes, Paula Lopes, and Aldenora Neta. "HIGHER EDUCATION IN PORTUGAL: UNIVERSITY VERSUS POLYTECHNIC: WHAT DIFFERENCES IN MANAGEMENT (BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION) ACADEMIC DEGREES?" In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.1310.
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Chen, Yan, Ke Feng, YaJun Jiang, and Zhigang Hu. "Design and research on six degrees of freedom robot evisceration system for poultry." In EBIMCS 2020: 2020 3rd International Conference on E-Business, Information Management and Computer Science. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3453187.3453364.
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Baviera, Amparo, Eugenia Babiloni, Ana Debón, et al. "Inventario de talento informático en GADE y GGAP." In IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.11957.
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Universities must provide enough skills to their students so as to favor the access to the labor market.. The aim is to provide not only technical knowledge but also to introduce competencies that complete the training in the learning process, adjusting the curricular programs to the private sector demands. In this context, the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia and specifically, its Faculty of Business Administration and Management, has decided to opt for the accreditation of IT and ICT-related skills that can be obtained through its degrees in Business Administration and Management, and Public Administration and Management The main achievement of this project is that our students will have a differentiating aspect in their file compared to other degrees from other centers. The fact of being at the Polytechnic University of Valencia means that our degree students are always in contact with the technology and the appropriate computer tools for each subject. This project helps visualize this aspect both for students and employers.
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Morcz, Fruzsina. "What’s Knowledge Management Got To Do With It? The Secrets of Industry-Respected Music Business Degrees." In MEIEA Summit 2022. Music and Entertainment Industry Educators Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25101/22.20.
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Sanahuja Vélez, Gisela, Gabriela Ribes Giner, and Ismael Moya Clemente. "Business internships and new technologies: a scenario for growth and innovation." In HEAd'16 - International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2596.
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Literature on traineeships recognizes beneficial effects on its main agents: students, employers, and higher education institutions. Furthermore, some authors have identified added effects when applying new technologies to the business internship experience, specially referred to improved computer skills and learning outcomes. The Faculty of Business Administration and Management of the Universitat Politècnica de València has had a remarkable increase of internships over the past years. As computer skills are being more demanded by employers in a globalized and technological world, it is expected that virtual placements and ICTs in the internship practice will be a trend in universities in the up-coming years. The management of internships of the two new Double Degrees in the Faculty of Business: Business Administration and Management + Computer Science Engineering, and Business Administration and Management + Telecommunications Engineering, could provide the perfect scenario to put into practice and to explore the possibilities of new technologies applied to internships. The recent change in the Spanish law and in the regulations of universities, such as the Universitat Politècnica de València, allows business internships to take place abroad. This could also provide an opportunity for innovation and growth, if combining internationalization with virtualization of internships.
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Mateeva, Zhivka. "NATURE OF THE CONTROL OVER THE PROTECTION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION, CARRIED OUT BY THE STATE COMMISSION OF INFORMATION SECURITY." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.263.
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The report examines the control activities of the State Commission of Information Security, as one of the bodies ensuring compliance with the rules for protection of classified information. Undoubtedly, the fast and efficient protection of classified information is a matter of great public importance, and the unregulated disclosure or disclosure of information, as well as illegal access to it can damage the interests of the state and its security to varying degrees. The control performs basic public functions such as the lawful application of the legislation governing the protection of classified information. Based on the performed analysis, conclusions are made regarding the effectiveness of the control activity of the commission for compliance with the legislation for protection of classified information.
Reports on the topic "Business degrees"
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Spano, Christian, Paolo Natali, Charles Cannon, et al. Latin America and the Caribbean 2050: Becoming a Global Low-Carbon Metals and Solutions Hub. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003412.
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This report evaluates scope 3 emissions along the copper and iron ore value chains and the opportunities that Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has to become a low carbon metals and solutions hub. The report presents four carbon emission scenarios that represent different sets of decisions for policy-makers and investors. Two scenarios fall short of aligning with Paris targets: (1) the business as usual (BaU) scenario with no further abatement action; and (2) a BaU scenario with the current level of emission reduction potential from players in the value chain (BaU Possible). The other two scenarios deliver the required carbon reductions to be compliant with the Paris Agreement by 2060, but through different strategies: (3) the BaU Paris scenario. where alignment with Paris targets is achieved by keeping BaU volumes and reducing carbon intensity per tonne of metal; and (4) the Decoupled scenario, where carbon intensity reductions are relaxed and compensated by a reduction in primary supply to align the value chain emissions to a Paris trajectory. All scenarios require LACs leaders to consider investments in low-carbon technology in different degrees. The report argues that, given its competitive position in the cost curve for copper and iron ore and an abundance of enabling factors for low carbon strategies, the region could become a key source of low carbon metals and solutions as long as it is proactive in adopting all the necessary measures from public sector and industry perspectives. Finally, the report concludes that myriad opportunities exist for LAC, including new business models, technologies and products, and that these could yield a greater economic and social contribution to the region than the BaU trajectories.
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Hansen, Erik G., Florian Lüdeke-Freund, and Klaus Fichter. Circular Business Models: A Typology Based on Actor Type, Circular Strategy and Service Degree. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10213.
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Tennant, David. Business Surveys on the Impact of COVID-19 on Jamaican Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003251.
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The datasets come from two surveys of Jamaican businesses conducted between May and June 2020. Two sets of self-administered surveys were conducted using Survey Monkey. A very small sample of financial institutions was surveyed to gain perspective on the challenges facing financiers as a result of the pandemic, and their efforts to respond to such challenges. Nine financial institutions completed this survey, and the results were used to complement the information derived from the second and major survey. The second survey targeted non-financial businesses operating in Jamaica. The sample of firms was selected from a list of all registered Jamaican firms, obtained from the Companies Office of Jamaica. A stratified random sample was used based on firm type, region, and sector. Some firms may have also participated in the study through contact made by their respective affiliations, which were approached to endorse the study and encourage their members to engage. A total of 390 firms completed the second survey. A significant degree of representation was achieved across size, type and age of business, sector and location of operation. Good gender representation was also achieved.
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Collington, Rosie, and William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.
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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.
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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Derbentsev, V., A. Ganchuk, and Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Cross correlations and multifractal properties of Ukraine stock market. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1117.
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Recently the statistical characterizations of financial markets based on physics concepts and methods attract considerable attentions. The correlation matrix formalism and concept of multifractality are used to study temporal aspects of the Ukraine Stock Market evolution. Random matrix theory (RMT) is carried out using daily returns of 431 stocks extracted from database time series of prices the First Stock Trade System index (www.kinto.com) for the ten-year period 1997-2006. We find that a majority of the eigenvalues of C fall within the RMT bounds for the eigenvalues of random correlation matrices. We test the eigenvalues of C within the RMT bound for universal properties of random matrices and find good agreement with the results for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices—implying a large degree of randomness in the measured cross-correlation coefficients. Further, we find that the distribution of eigenvector components for the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues outside the RMT bound display systematic deviations from the RMT prediction. We analyze the components of the deviating eigenvectors and find that the largest eigenvalue corresponds to an influence common to all stocks. Our analysis of the remaining deviating eigenvectors shows distinct groups, whose identities correspond to conventionally identified business sectors. Comparison with the Mantegna minimum spanning trees method gives a satisfactory consent. The found out the pseudoeffects related to the artificial unchanging areas of price series come into question We used two possible procedures of analyzing multifractal properties of a time series. The first one uses the continuous wavelet transform and extracts scaling exponents from the wavelet transform amplitudes over all scales. The second method is the multifractal version of the detrended fluctuation analysis method (MF-DFA). The multifractality of a time series we analysed by means of the difference of values singularity stregth (or Holder exponent) ®max and ®min as a suitable way to characterise multifractality. Singularity spectrum calculated from daily returns using a sliding 250 day time window in discrete steps of 1. . . 10 days. We discovered that changes in the multifractal spectrum display distinctive pattern around significant “drawdowns”. Finally, we discuss applications to the construction of crushes precursors at the financial markets.
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.
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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.
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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.