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1
Zhavoronok, Artur. "INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF FUNCTIONING OF THE CREDIT SERVICES MARKET." Economic discourse, no. 1 (March 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-1-8.
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Introduction. The country's economy is still in a state where its development is hampered by the absence of clearly defined, priority programs to stimulate business and economic sectors, including through credit. Bank lending to business entities is an effective way of getting out of the crisis. Strengthening the role of credit relations as a means of stimulating the development of production is manifested in various aspects. Methods. Fundamental economic theories, lending theories, financial studies, as well as research by scholars and foreign scientists are investigated in the research. They used the generally accepted principles of scientific research to make their decision. A number of general scientific methods were used in the process of research, in particular: analogies and logical generalization (to study the prospects of bank lending); systematic analysis (to study the organization of the process of bank lending in the market of credit services), etc. Results. Based on the isolated problems, the foreign experience of countries such as the USA, Germany, Argentina, Mexico, Poland, Canada and Italy was explored, on the basis of which the prospects for improvement of the bank lending mechanism in Ukraine and credit monitoring of the borrower in particular were outlined. Discussion. Given the overseas experience of developed countries, it is possible to distinguish: a combination of different methods of restructuring problem loans; when assessing the potential risk of default on a loan, use different methods of determining it ("SAMRARI", "PARSEL" or "Rule 5 C"); when making class calculations, make corrective adjustments to the credit score of the borrower. Prospects for further studies of the credit services market may be the intensification of bank lending, which certainly implies further liberalization of refinancing policy, taking into account foreign experience. Keywords: credit, credit relations, credit policy, credit services market, bank lending.
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Richardson, Alan J. "BUILDING THE CANADIAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION: A BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE EDWARDS, FCA, CBE, LLD, 1861–1947." Accounting Historians Journal 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2000): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.27.2.87.
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George Edwards was a key figure in the creation of the modern institutional structure of accounting in Canada. He worked to implement a vision of accountancy as a profession rather than a business. This was reflected in his commitment to accounting education, to the restriction of entry to the CA profession to those who passed a test of competency, and to his desire to demonstrate the social and ethical value of accounting. He was president of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario, president of the Dominion Association of CAs, and president of the Society of Cost Accountants of Canada. He created one of the major Canadian public accounting firms (Edwards, Morgan & Co.). His contributions were recognized through awards such as the Commander of the Order of the British Empire, an honorary degree from Queen's University, and life memberships in the Institutes of Chartered Accountants of Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. This biography examines his role in shaping the federal/provincial structure of the accounting profession, the development of university-based accounting education programs, the separation of the management and the financial accounting professions, the communications strategies of the profession, and his contributions to government and bank accounting.
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Coleman, John. "The Role of The European Bank in The Energy Sector." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 12, no. 5 (October 1994): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879401200502.
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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established in 1991 and is owned by the western industrialized countries, including Canada, and the former communist countries of Europe and Central Asia. Its purpose is to assist the latter countries to make the transition from command to market economies in a democratic framework. The Bank, with an initial capital of approximately US$1.2 billion, directs 60 per cent of its resources towards private enterprises and state-owned enterprises which are being privatized. The remainder of the EBRD's lending is directed to governments for infrastructure development. The EBRD's lending, now at US$1.5 to 2 billion a year, is small in relation to the investment needs of its countries of operation. As a result, the Bank tries to maximize its leverage by limiting its share in total project financing to 35 per cent and encouraging co-financing by other lenders and investors. Through its lending it tries to create a demonstration effect and to encourage institutional reforms which increase private investment flows. In the energy sector, most of the EBRD's lending has been in the oil and gas sector in Russia, but it is open for business in other sectors and in all countries of operation. Unlike other development banks, the EBRD is prepared to finance nuclear power projects, especially for improving the safety and extending the operating life of nuclear power stations built before the fall of communism. In this connection, it operates a Nuclear Safety Account established by the G-7 countries after the 1992 Munich Summit. The Bank also is prepared to finance conventional power plants where these would permit the closure of obsolete or unsafe nuclear plants. In the oil and gas sector, most of the EBRD's lending has related to private sector, joint venture projects in Russia, aimed at oilfield rehabilitation and development. Three of the eight projects done so far have involved Canadian firms, reflecting their expertise in secondary and tertiary recovery, and cold weather operations. The private sector ventures supported by the Bank normally involve joint stock companies owned 50 per cent by western partners and 50 per cent by Russian state oil companies, which are being privatized or are operating according to private sector principles. The joint stock companies make up the difference between the EBRD's financing and total project cost through equity contributions in cash and kind, and through debt financing. The EBRD adds value not simply through its own financing. Its involvement in a project promotes co-financing by other investors. Its influence on behalf of foreign and local investors can help overcome administrative and regulatory difficulties affecting projects. Furthermore, the EBRD can give potential clients the benefit of its accumulated knowledge on how to structure the deal to meet host country priorities and regulations and to benefit from the greatest possible financing from the EBRD and from other lenders and investors.
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Pousa, Claudio, and Anne Mathieu. "Boosting customer orientation through coaching: a Canadian study." International Journal of Bank Marketing 32, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2013-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent bank manager's coaching, a managerial relationship behavior based on mutual trust, openness and quality of exchanges, affects front-line employee's performance through the mediating effect of salesperson's customer orientation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducted a non-experimental, cross-sectional study; a Canadian bank agreed to participate in the study and 122 financial advisors with sales responsibilities answered a web-based survey; data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. Findings – The paper found support for the hypotheses that managerial coaching behavior can help bank employees develop their customer orientation and increase their performance, as well as reduce opportunistic behavior (sales orientation). The paper found that the direct link between coaching and performance, plus the mediating effect of sales orientation and customer orientation (SOCO) can potentially explain a significant variation in employee's performance (r2=0.23). The paper also found that the hypothesized model provided better explanations of the phenomenon when compared with two rival models, one considering SOCO as a full mediator between coaching and performance, and the other one considering only the effect of coaching on performance. Originality/value – In the banking sector, practitioners and scholars are paying increased attention to the role of trust and relationship behaviors in the development of market orientation and customer relationships. The paper identified a key relationship behavior (customer orientation) and tests its impact as a mediator between a relationship managerial behavior (coaching) and business outcomes (performance) in an international banking setting (Canada).
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Simin, Marina Jovićević, and Slobodan Živkucin. "ADVANTAGES OF FRANCHISE SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801177j.
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Franchising is considered the most successful marketing concept around the world. Today, many franchises are offered, and it is incomparably easier and more secure to develop entrepreneurial spirit under the patronage of the already developed system. Franchise is called long term, firm contractual cooperation between independent companies or entrepreneurs, franchisor and franchisee, where the franchisor provides the franchisee with a set of knowledge and gives it its brand. The number of franchise systems in the world is rising, and competition compels the franchisee to search for new and attractive offers. The largest number of franchises exists on the United States market, the number of employees in this market is in arrears, and achieves the high GDP measured in billions of dollars. In the United States are represented all kinds of franchise systems, from the automotive industry, restaurants, education, beauty salons to new forms of work from home. Canada is the second largest in franchising, many forms have been developed that place the franchise at the very top of economic business. In Europe, the less developed countries, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, etc., are developing more and more domestic brands and striving towards the conquest of international markets. New models of franchised business such as home-based franchises are being developed to allow most people to work from home. The application of the franchise system in our country would significantly contribute to the development of the domestic market. The future success of franchising in Serbia depends on the ability to innovate, improve the size of the site, provide education to interested small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs. Looking at all these countries and different markets, one can conclude that franchising is less developed in weaker economies, while economically more developed markets achieve even greater expansion in the form of GDP, employment, education, institutions. If each country awakens awareness of the value of franchising as a good technique for enterprises and entrepreneurs, it will open the possibility of expansion franchising to international markets, through marketing, social networks and the Internet. What is important is that this type of franchising is developing in our country and in this way it is slowly focusing on international markets. In franchising, the risk of business failure when starting a business is significantly lower than when starting a stand-alone business. Franchising is a way to use a proven, more successful, business model in a personal business, thereby reducing the likelihood of failure. The franchisee still continues to act substantially with his own resources, at his own risk, but under a different name. A well-known and famous brand is an additional guarantee for greater recognition and an automatically higher number of consumers. Franchising is a shortcut to a more successful business success. In the future, banks are expected to pay more attention to the financing of franchising, as both franchisees and recipients are referred to banks that receive the role of checkpoints and mediators.
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Kuzmina, E. Yu, I. V. Soklakova, and I. L. Surat. "INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY COMPETITIVENESS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-2-63-67.
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Russian enterprises are not paying enough attention to the issues of innovative development, while global trends demonstrate the increase of enterprises competitiveness through the introduction of innovations. Innovations are able qualitatively improve enterprise performance indicators in conditions of tough competition. For many domestic enterprises, in such conditions the innovation and its specific results could be a key criterion of success. Lack of investment is the most important problem holding back innovations. The experience of support and development of innovations in Canada and South Korea has been considered in the article. It has been concluded that in general the Russian Federation is experiencing a global transfer to an innovative economy, which in the future should be an undoubted advantage for the production of competitive products. The creation of radically new products and services, as well as the enhancement of existing ones, will allow Russian enterprises systematically improve their image, increase their business reputation, which will attract more investments.
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van Berkel, J., U. Kaymak, G. Kulawksi, T. Weisenborn, and M. White. "Gas field planning tool." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 80, no. 1 (April 2001): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022204.
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AbstractGas Field Planning Tool (GFPT) was developed in 1990 by the Shell Group of Companies to fill the need for a tool for gas field planning and development using deterministic subsurface and surface models. Main initiators were Shell Canada, NAM (the Netherlands), Shell Expro (UK) and BSP (Shell Brunei), as these companies are major gas producers.Shell Companies now have several years experience with using the GFPT. Application ranges from simple single field models to corporate-level models with a large number of gas reservoirs and wells. Shell companies now using GFPT models are Shell Expro (UK), BSP (Brunei), SSB (Malaysia), Shell Canada, SPDC (Nigeria), SDA (Australia), Woodside (Australia), PDO (Oman), NAM (the Netherlands), New Business Development (e.g. Lunar Project) and in future also Shell Egypt.NAM currently has a GFPT model for the Anjum field in Friesland and for the Ten Arlo field in the north of Holland.GFPT is currently being migrated to an HFPT (Hydrocarbon Field Planning Tool), which can also be used for planning of condensate, oil and water developments and for control of hydrocarbon compositions in the network using PVT de-lumping at the well head (e.g. for LNG plants) and optimisation techniques (linear, non-linear or based on bean-back lists).
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ORSER, BARBARA J., ALLAN L. RIDING, and CATHERINE S. SWIFT. "BANKING EXPERIENCES OF CANADIAN MICRO-BUSINESSES." Journal of Enterprising Culture 01, no. 03n04 (January 1994): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000033.
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Defined as those firms with three or fewer full time employees and annual sales of less than $200,000, many micro-enterprises may find it more difficult than larger firms to obtain the debt capital necessary for both expansion and on-going operations. This is because micro-enterprises are often perceived as risky and because banks are not in the venture capital business. Moreover, banking institutions benefit more from the economies of scale inherent in making larger loans. It follows that the terms onwhich lending is extended to small enterprises may be more onerous than the termsextended to larger firms. To the extent that micro-enterprise is dominated by women-owned businesses, the potential scarcity of debt capital could also be experienced as a gender issue. This argumentation motivates the empirical analyses reported in this paper. These arguments lead to two testable hypotheses that this research probes empirically. The first hypothesis is that access to and terms of credit for micro-enterprises are more severe than they are for larger firms. The second hypothesis is that within the micro-enterprise sector access to, and terms of, credit for women owners are, ceteris paribus, more demanding. A taxonomy of the very small business sector is advanced. It is found that size indeed counts against microbusinesses in their banking relationships, but that gender is not a factor. The paper closes by suggesting the development of new technologies to improve the lending efficiencies of micro-loan transactions and the establishment of new lending vehicles. Such changes might be profitable for banks, useful for very small firms, and helpful to community economic development agencies. The high incidence of dissatisfied small business customers suggests the need for a less concentrated small business banking market. To this end, the recommendations of other researchers are endorsed, recommendations for legislative changes that would permit the entry into the lending market of small cooperative banking institutions (such as credit unions and caisses populaires in Canada).
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Berekoff, Beverley. "Conference 2015: Drug Discovery and Development in the Post Genomic Era. An international symposium held jointly by CSPS and CC-CRS, May 26-28, 2015, Toronto, ON, Canada." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 3 (July 17, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3ck54.
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Plenaries and Special Presentations:Shana Kelley, University of Toronto: "New Technologies for Ultrasensitive Analysis of Clinically-relevant Biomolecules"Richard Hargreaves, BIOGEN IDEC: "Imaging in CNS Drug Discovery and Development"Roger Williams: CSPS Lifetime Achievement Award - "0.5 X 102: Looking Back and Forward"Neal Davies, University of Manitoba: CSPS Award of Leadership in Canadian Pharmaceutical Sciences - "30 Years of Coffee, Beer and Serendipity in Pharmacy Research"Conference Sessions:Special CSPS Session: The Future of Pharmaceutical Sciences1. The Evolving Business of Pharmaceuticals2. Analysis of Peptide and Protein Drug Targets by LC/MS/MS3. Mucosal Drug Delivery4. New Methodologies of Genome Wide Target Validation5. Regulatory Updates and Developments6. Antibody-based Therapeutics7. Imaging in Drug Delivery8. Nuclear Receptors in Drug Discovery9. IV-IVC Modeling and Simulation as a Tool to Facilitate Drug Development and Marketing10. Pharmacogenomics in Drug Development11. Bioavailability of Novel Dosage Forms
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Schultz, Aaron G., David Boyle, Danuta Chamot, Kimberly J. Ong, Kevin J. Wilkinson, James C. McGeer, Geoff Sunahara, and Greg G. Goss. "Aquatic toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials: challenges and recommendations for future toxicity testing." Environmental Chemistry 11, no. 3 (2014): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13221.
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Environmental context The increased use of nanomaterials in industrial and consumer products requires robust strategies to identify risks when they are released into the environment. Aquatic toxicologists are beginning to possess a clearer understanding of the chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials in solution, and which of the properties potentially affect the health of aquatic organisms. This review highlights the main challenges encountered in aquatic nanotoxicity testing, provides recommendations for overcoming these challenges, and discusses recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the toxicity of three important OECD nanomaterials, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and silver nanomaterials. Abstract Aquatic nanotoxicologists and ecotoxicologists have begun to identify the unique properties of the nanomaterials (NMs) that potentially affect the health of wildlife. In this review the scientific aims are to discuss the main challenges nanotoxicologists currently face in aquatic toxicity testing, including the transformations of NMs in aquatic test media (dissolution, aggregation and small molecule interactions), and modes of NM interference (optical interference, adsorption to assay components and generation of reactive oxygen species) on common toxicity assays. Three of the major OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) priority materials, titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) NMs, studied recently by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) Nanotechnology Initiative (NNBNI), a Canadian consortium, have been identified to cause both bulk effect, dissolution-based (i.e. free metal), or NM-specific toxicity in aquatic organisms. TiO2 NMs are most toxic to algae, with toxicity being NM size-dependent and principally associated with binding of the materials to the organism. Conversely, dissolution of Zn and Ag NMs and the subsequent release of their ionic metal counterparts appear to represent the primary mode of toxicity to aquatic organisms for these NMs. In recent years, our understanding of the toxicological properties of these specific OECD relevant materials has increased significantly. Specifically, researchers have begun to alter their experimental design to identify the different behaviour of these materials as colloids and, by introducing appropriate controls and NM characterisation, aquatic nanotoxicologists are now beginning to possess a clearer understanding of the chemical and physical properties of these materials in solution, and how these materials may interact with organisms. Arming nanotoxicologists with this understanding, combined with knowledge of the physics, chemistry and biology of these materials is essential for maintaining the accuracy of all future toxicological assessments.
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Jain, Shrey. "REPLAY: It’s March 11th. Let’s try to fight Covid differently. How would you do it?" Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/juls.v15i1.36205.
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Suppose you have the ability to go back to March 11th of 2020 - the date the WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic1.
What could have been done differently with respect to digital health product development?
Were domain experts utilized to the best of their abilities? What can we learn from COVID-19 for future public health crises planning?
Digital health data is now, more than ever, deeply influencing our lives. Having robust digital health tools to support public health surveillance is no longer a problem for technocrats.
It’s everyone’s business now.
Through the COVID-19 pandemic, I had the opportunity to lead a digital health startup, Flatten.ca, that focused on collecting symptom data from people in Canada and in Somalia2. This experience led to collaborations with big-tech companies, researchers, government officials, startups, and investors.
Reflecting back on my experiences, I see many flaws in the process by which the North-American community decided to develop and deploy digital health tools. Simply put, a lack of speed and strategically allocated domain expertise hindered our success. Why did Canada take 5 months to launch a contact tracing app and Singapore only 10 days?
This perspective piece aims at answering the questions highlighted above and analyzing the North-American response to build digital health tools as the COVID-19 pandemic rages on. Whether you’re an investor, academic, student, founder, or otherwise involved in the digital health industry, and you’re thinking about how to effectively support product development for future public health crises, this can help better inform where your efforts are best spent.
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Haines, George, Allan Riding, and Roland Thomas. "Small business bank shopping in Canada." Journal of Banking & Finance 15, no. 6 (December 1991): 1041–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(91)90049-r.
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Duquet, Benjamin, and Cédric Brunelle. "Subcentres as Destinations: Job Decentralization, Polycentricity, and the Sustainability of Commuting Patterns in Canadian Metropolitan Areas, 1996–2016." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 9966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239966.
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Adopting more sustainable modes of transportation and shorter daily commutes remains a fundamental challenge in the struggle for the sustainable transition of cities. While past studies on the sustainability of commuting behaviours partly focused on the place of residence and how the characteristics of commuters or residential neighbourhoods impact sustainable travel, other studies looked at the place of employment to analyze these dynamics. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the recent phase of the rise of peripheral employment has promoted more sustainable travel behaviour, based on the hypothesis that polycentricity has recently favoured a better job–housing balance and co-location. We develop a general typology of employment centres, using Census microdata at fine spatial scale over the 1996–2016 period to observe commuting modes and distances by subcentre types for six major Canadian cities. Our results show that despite recent developments in planning practices—transit-oriented development, transport infrastructure, and changing travel behaviour, the emergence of peripheral subcentres promoted less sustainable commuting patterns in most Canadian metropolitan areas over the period. However, we find sustainable commuting emerging in subcentres where large public transport infrastructure investments have been made, such as in the case of Vancouver’s Millennium and Canada lines. Our study also shows that central business districts (CBDs) and downtown subcentres are becoming relatively more sustainable over the period, which confirms the positive effect of the back-to-the-city movement and changing behaviour toward active transportation in these locations.
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Pousa, Claudio, Timothy Hardie, and Xiaodi Zhang. "Promoting frontline employee customer orientation in China: a replication and a comparison." International Journal of Bank Marketing 36, no. 5 (June 4, 2018): 849–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2017-0078.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the influence of managerial coaching on frontline employee customer orientation, sales orientation and performance in a Chinese context. Further to this first goal, the authors also aim to compare these results with those obtained with a sample of Canadian bank employees in order to understand to what extent differences between Eastern and Western cultures affect business practices and employee responses in both environments. Design/methodology/approach This paper replicates a study from 2014 that used a sample of Canadian financial advisors to test the impact of managerial coaching on customer orientation, sales orientation and performance. In this new study, 185 frontline employees from a large insurance company in Chongqing (China) answered a paper-and-pencil questionnaire in Mandarin providing information about the coaching received from their managers, their own customer and sales orientation, as well as performance. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS as well as multigroup confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate cross-cultural differences. Findings The authors found that for the Chinese respondents managerial coaching is positively related to employee performance both directly and through the mediation effect of customer orientation. The authors found no support for the mediation of sales orientation between coaching and performance. These results suggest that managerial coaching might be a good strategy to promote relational behaviors in frontline employees, but not to reduce manipulative behaviors. The authors also found that these results are statistically equivalent for Chinese and Canadian respondents, suggesting that cultural differences are less prevalent than expected in this business sector. Research limitations/implications The study makes several contributions to research. First, it suggests that managerial coaching can help employees develop their customer orientation–a central construct for commercial organizations working under a relational marketing approach. Second, it presents one of the first studies that evaluate the efficiency of managerial coaching in an Eastern country. And finally, results underline the equivalence of results for Eastern (China) and Western (Canada) respondents suggesting that in a global environment (like the financial industry) the business logic guiding the development of good customer relationships and employee customer-oriented behaviors prevails over potential cultural differences and makes leader and employee behaviors more similar and comparable across different regions in the world. Practical implications First, the use of managerial coaching seems to increase frontline employee relational behaviors, like customer orientation. Accordingly, managerial coaching seems to be a link that can help financial institutions bridge the formulation of a marketing relational strategy in the boardroom and the implementation of such a strategy at the customer interface between frontline employees and customers. Second, given the equivalence of results between the Canadian and the Chinese sample, it seems that the similarities between business models and business logics within the financial services sector are more important—and supersede—the potential cross-cultural differences between Eastern and Western countries. Originality/value The study makes a contribution to the limited literature on the use of managerial coaching in financial institutions to increase frontline employee relational behaviors. At the same time, it presents one of the few cross-cultural studies comparing results obtained from Chinese and Canadian respondents.
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Mior, Silvano, Jessica Wong, Deborah Sutton, Peter J. H. Beliveau, André Bussières, Sheilah Hogg-Johnson, and Simon French. "Understanding patient profiles and characteristics of current chiropractic practice: a cross-sectional Ontario Chiropractic Observation and Analysis STudy (O-COAST)." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e029851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029851.
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ObjectivesThere is no current detailed profile of people seeking chiropractic care in Canada. We describe the profiles of chiropractors’ practice and the reasons, nature of the care provided to their patients and extent of interprofessional collaborations in Ontario, Canada.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingPrimary care setting in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsWe randomly recruited chiropractors from a list of registered chiropractors (n=3978) in active practice in 2015. Of the 135 randomly selected chiropractors, 120 were eligible, 43 participated and 42 completed the study.Outcome measuresEach chiropractor recorded information for up to 100 consecutive patient encounters, documenting patient health profiles, reasons for encounter, diagnoses and care provided. Descriptive statistics summarised chiropractor, patient and encounter characteristics, with analyses accounting for clustering and design effects.ResultsChiropractors provided data on 3523 chiropractor-patient encounters. More than 65% of participating chiropractors were male, mean age 44 years and had practised on average 15 years. The typical patient was female (59% of encounters), between 45 and 64 years (43%) and retired (21%) or employed in business and administration (13%). Most (39.4%) referrals were from other patients, with 6.8% from physicians. Approximately 68% of patients paid out of pocket or claimed extended health insurance for care. Most common diagnoses were back (49%, 95% CI 44 to 56) and neck (15%, 95% CI 13 to 18) problems, with few encounters related to maintenance/preventive care (0.86%, 95% CI 0.2 to 3.9) and non-musculoskeletal problems (1.3%, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.3). The most common treatments included spinal manipulation (72%), soft tissue therapy (70%) and mobilisation (35%).ConclusionsThis is the most comprehensive profile to date of chiropractic practice in Canada. People who present to Ontario chiropractors are mostly adults with a musculoskeletal condition. Our results can be used by stakeholders to make informed decisions about workforce development, education and healthcare policy related to chiropractic care.
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McCulloch, Michael Ernest. "The Defeat of Imperial Urbanism in Québec City, 1840–1855." Articles 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016719ar.
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In 1840, the City of Québec regained formal corporate status under an ordinance of the Special Council of Lower Canada. This article argues that the ordinance expressed a particular concept or urbanism. Based on concept of the role of cities developed in Great Britain during the Age of Reform, it sought to create non-partisan municipal structures that would encourage local development and 'improvement' while at the same time ensuring the dominance of the anglophone commercial elites. In this, the ordinance expressed in local terms the grand objectives of Governor Charles Poulett Thomson (Lord Sydenham) for the entire colony. Ultimately, this imperial urbanism was a failure. While the essential structure of municipal governance remained intact until 1855, local issues became immediately entangled in provincial party politics. Major business leaders were replaced by professional and small retailers as the dominant group on the City Council. The very ethos of improvement ensured that the under-financed city government became dwarfed by other agencies, such as the banks, the Gas Company and of course railroads. The case of Québec City in the first years of the Union illustrates the failure of attempts to transplant Utilitarian approaches to state formation into a colonial context.
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Bennett, Rohan, Todd Miller, Mark Pickering, and Al-Karim Kara. "Hybrid Approaches for Smart Contracts in Land Administration: Lessons from Three Blockchain Proofs-of-Concept." Land 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020220.
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The emergence of “blockchain” technology as an alternative data management technique has spawned a myriad of conceptual and logical design work across multiple industries and sectors. It is also argued to enable operationalisation of the earlier “smart contract” concept. The domain of land administration has actively investigated these opportunities, albeit also largely at the conceptual level, and usually with a whole-of-sector or “big bang” industry transformation perspective. Less reporting of applied case applications is evident, particularly those undertaken in collaboration with practicing land sector actors. That said, pilots and test cases continue to act as a basis for understanding the relative merits, drawbacks, and implementation challenges of the smart contract concept in land administration. In this vein, this paper extends upon and further refines the existing discourse on smart contracts within the land sector, by giving an updated, if not more nuanced, view of example applications, opportunities, and barriers. In contrast to the earlier works, a hybrid solution that mixes smart contract use with existing technology infrastructure—enabling preservation of the role of a land registry agency as the ultimate arbiter of valid claims—is proposed. This is hypothesised to minimise disruptions, whilst maximising the benefits. Examination of proof-of-concept work on smart contract and blockchain applications in Sweden, Australia (State of New South Wales), and Canada (Province of British Columbia) is undertaken. Comparative analysis is undertaken using several frameworks including: (i) business requirements adherence, (ii) technology readiness and maturity assessment, and (iii) strategic grid analysis. Results show that the hybrid approach enables adherence to land dealing business requirements and that the proofs-of-concept are a necessary step in the development trajectory. Furthering the uptake will likely depend on again taking a whole-of-sector perspective, and attending to remaining issues around business models, stakeholder acceptance, partnerships and trust building, and legal issues linked to data decentralisation and security.
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Znamenskiy, Georgiy. "Research methodical bases of efficiency of the innovative legislation." Law and innovations, no. 4 (32) (December 24, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-4(32)-5.
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Problem setting. Recently in our country the tendency to introduction of innovative activity in domestic economy has become widespread. This focus is provided by many means. Among them, not the least role belongs to the reliability and effectiveness of legislation. Therefore, both the state strategy and the relevant branch of legislation have already begun to be drafted in order to standardize and speed up the whole process. Analysis of resent researches and publications. This article is a partial continuation of the series of works on the place of business law in the strategy of ensuring innovation in Ukraine and areas for improving innovation legislation. In general, the question of the effectiveness of innovation legislation in Ukraine has been raised by various scientists, for example, Yu. E. Atamanova, O. M. Vinnyk, S. V. Glibko, D. V. Zadykhailo, V. S. Shcherbyna and others. However, methodological principles were given more importance in broad areas, such as N. S. Kuznetsova in civil law, and in the context chosen in the article, little attention was paid. Target of research. The aim of the article is to study the methodological principles of the effectiveness of innovation legislation. Article’s main body. Legislative efficiency methods need to be given the same weight as existing methods for determining the economic efficiency of capital investments, new equipment and automated management systems. In this case, it is necessary to constantly keep in mind both past experience and care for the acquisition of new knowledge. The analysis of the actual effectiveness of the legislation can be carried out in three directions. First, the object of study may be the effectiveness of the internal structure of the system of economic legislation. Obviously, this efficiency can reflect the degree of compliance of the existing structure with the goals of the whole system. Secondly, there is a need to study the effectiveness of the legal system. It is solved by establishing the degree of achievement of the goals of the legal system during its implementation in real conditions. Third, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of sets of rules of a particular system of legislation (its subsystems or individual rules (elements of the system). This implies that in general the system may have inefficient subsystems and elements, and vice versa – efficient subsystems and elements may be part of an inefficient system. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In the context of studying the problems of the effectiveness of legislation, various new opportunities can be used, which appear in foreign countries and already bring some benefits there. A good example is the Better Regulation Delivery Office (BRDO), an independent non-governmental think tank established at the initiative of the Department of Economic Development and Trade and Western partners: the World Bank and the Government of Canada. The main thing is that BRDO is working to simplify the business environment and effective government regulation. In the near future we can expect a successful solution to the problems of efficiency of innovation and through the introduction of digital technologies.
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Znamenskiy, Georgiy. "Research methodical bases of efficiency of the innovative legislation." Law and innovations, no. 4 (32) (December 24, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-4(32)-5.
Full textAbstract:
Problem setting. Recently in our country the tendency to introduction of innovative activity in domestic economy has become widespread. This focus is provided by many means. Among them, not the least role belongs to the reliability and effectiveness of legislation. Therefore, both the state strategy and the relevant branch of legislation have already begun to be drafted in order to standardize and speed up the whole process. Analysis of resent researches and publications. This article is a partial continuation of the series of works on the place of business law in the strategy of ensuring innovation in Ukraine and areas for improving innovation legislation. In general, the question of the effectiveness of innovation legislation in Ukraine has been raised by various scientists, for example, Yu. E. Atamanova, O. M. Vinnyk, S. V. Glibko, D. V. Zadykhailo, V. S. Shcherbyna and others. However, methodological principles were given more importance in broad areas, such as N. S. Kuznetsova in civil law, and in the context chosen in the article, little attention was paid. Target of research. The aim of the article is to study the methodological principles of the effectiveness of innovation legislation. Article’s main body. Legislative efficiency methods need to be given the same weight as existing methods for determining the economic efficiency of capital investments, new equipment and automated management systems. In this case, it is necessary to constantly keep in mind both past experience and care for the acquisition of new knowledge. The analysis of the actual effectiveness of the legislation can be carried out in three directions. First, the object of study may be the effectiveness of the internal structure of the system of economic legislation. Obviously, this efficiency can reflect the degree of compliance of the existing structure with the goals of the whole system. Secondly, there is a need to study the effectiveness of the legal system. It is solved by establishing the degree of achievement of the goals of the legal system during its implementation in real conditions. Third, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of sets of rules of a particular system of legislation (its subsystems or individual rules (elements of the system). This implies that in general the system may have inefficient subsystems and elements, and vice versa – efficient subsystems and elements may be part of an inefficient system. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In the context of studying the problems of the effectiveness of legislation, various new opportunities can be used, which appear in foreign countries and already bring some benefits there. A good example is the Better Regulation Delivery Office (BRDO), an independent non-governmental think tank established at the initiative of the Department of Economic Development and Trade and Western partners: the World Bank and the Government of Canada. The main thing is that BRDO is working to simplify the business environment and effective government regulation. In the near future we can expect a successful solution to the problems of efficiency of innovation and through the introduction of digital technologies.
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Pas’, Yaryna. "MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BANKING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT." Social & Legal Studios 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2021-2-168-174.
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The current development of the economy and the state of the banking system provokes significant changes in the functioning of banks, especially in conditions of economic and political instability. Rapid response to external and internal factors that affect the development of the banking business is the main task of the bank’s management entity. That is why the issue of management system of banking business development becomes especially significant, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic and the feasibility of the carried out research for the development of the issue. The article examines the statutes of existing Ukrainian banks and determines that the management system of banking business development is formed by three higher governing bodies of the bank that is the general meeting of the bank, the supervisory board and the bank’s board. The purpose of the article is to determine the organizational system of the bank, which is part of the overall management system of the banking business. In the process of analysis of the methods of theoretical and empirical research (system method, method of comparison, method of generalization, scientific abstraction, tabular method) and others are applied. The project of standard powers of exclusive competence of the general meeting of bank participants, the project of standard functions of exclusive competence of the bank’s supervisory board and the project of standard competences of the board for improving the internal management system of banking business development are proposed in the article. These three high governing bodies provide full management of the bank’s development. They determine the bank’s development strategy and implement it as well as control the financial condition of the bank and its compliance with current legislation of Ukraine and certain areas of development of the bank, share the full range of strategic, tactical and operational functions for managing banking development, ensuring the integrity of the management system of the banking business in general and its development in particular.
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Akinboade, Oludele Akinloye, and Daniel Makina. "Bank Lending and Business Cycles: South African Evidence." African Development Review 21, no. 3 (December 2009): 476–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00219.x.
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Coleman, William D. "Monetary Policy, Accountability and Legitimacy: A Review of the Issues in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 1991): 711–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900005631.
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AbstractMonetary policy in Canada is formulated and implemented in a state-directed policy network dominated by the Bank of Canada. State-directed networks embody a tension between democratic accountability and legitimacy on the one side and maintaining support from the business community on the other. This article assesses this tension in Canadian monetary policy, focussing on the relationships between the Bank of Canada and other actors. As a central bank, the Bank of Canada possesses a unique constitutional status, being tied to the government through a directive power of the minister of finance. The Bank has also developed close working relationships with financial institutions for the implementation of monetary policy. In reviewing these relationships, the article identifies problems related to the Bank's political accountability and its ability to maintain legitimacy. The article then reviews some reforms that might address these problems: making the Bank more independent, subjecting it to closer control by the minister of finance and endowing it with a council-based internal governing system.
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Qarshieva, Nargiza. "PROBLEMS OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN." INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2020-3-10.
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In this article, the main problems of business entities operating in Uzbekistan are: the length of the period for obtaining a building permit for business entities in Uzbekistan;long process of obtaining bank loans; it has been studied that connecting to power grid stakes more time than other countries in the world.
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Tschoegl, Adrian E. "“The World's Local Bank”: HSBC's Expansion in the US, Canada and Mexico." Latin American Business Review 5, no. 4 (September 13, 2005): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j140v05n04_03.
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Madhow, Vikash, Besa Muwele, and Sariff Mungralee. "Development and application of the african development bank statistical business register guidelines." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 34, no. 3 (August 9, 2018): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-170400.
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Qayyum, Abdul. "Demand for Bank Lending by the Private Business Sector in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v41i2pp.149-159.
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This study estimates the demand for bank lending by the private business sector in Pakistan. For the purpose of analysis a three-step methodology is applied, that is, univariate analysis, multivariate cointegration analysis, and error correction mechanism. It is found that the individual series are difference stationary, and there is a long-run stable relationship between the variables. The preferred model, obtained by the application of the general-to-specific methodology is also found to be stable throughout the study period. The study shows that the output of business sector is an important determinant of the demand for bank credit in Pakistan, implying that to achieve the objective of monetary policy the behaviour of the output of business sector must not be ignored. Furthermore, the study shows that the rate of interest on bank advances is an important determinant of the demand of credit by the business sector. It implies that monetary authorities can move the flow of bank credit to the private sector while changing the interest rate charged on bank lending. The analysis has important implications: a tight monetary policy implies a high rate of real interest; a high rate of interest on bank lending negatively affects the demand for bank credit by the business sector (and the investment), which in turn leads to low aggregate demand and lower output. That is what has happened in Pakistan in the last decade.
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Tickell, Adam. "Global Rhetorics, National Politics: Pursuing Bank Mergers in Canada." Antipode 32, no. 2 (April 2000): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00126.
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Mentari, Nikmah, and Franciska Mifanyira Sutikno. "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Principle Towards Sharia Business Unit Pre-Spin Off 2023." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 2 (December 21, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v6i2.1866.
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AbstractThe existence of a Sharia Business Unit will be ended in 2023 due to the mandate of the Sharia Banking Act which requires a spin-off. Therefore, the Sharia Business Unit will become an independent Sharia Bank. As part of the parent bank, it is should for the conventional bank to prepare the readiness of� Sharia Business Unit before spin-off so that it can compete in the global era based on the SDGs principle and still maintain the sharia compliance. The method applied is normative juridical, which relates to the prevailing norms and legal principles. The outputs are produced by focusing the objectives on SDGs goals which are correlated with Sharia Banking and Good Corporate Governance principles of Sharia Business Unit with Conventional Bank.Keywords: Coventional Bank, SDGs, Sharia Business Unit, Spin Off�Prinsip Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Menuju Pre-Spin Off Unit Bisnis Syariah 2023Abstrak Keberadaan Unit Usaha Syariah akan berakhir pada tahun 2023 berdasarkan amanah Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah yang mensyaratkan adanya spin-off. Oleh karena itu, Unit Usaha Syariah akan menjadi Bank Umum Syariah yang mandiri. Sebagai bagian dari induk bank, Bank Konvensional seharusnya menyiapkan Unit Usaha Syariah sebelum terjadinya spin-off sehingga Unit Usaha Syariah dapat bersaing di era global berdasarkan prinsip SDGs dan tetap mempertahankan kepatuhan syariah. Metode penelitian ini yakni normatif-yuridis yang berhubungan dengan norma dan prinsip hukum. Hasil yang diperoleh berfokus pada sasaran tujuan SDGs yang berhubungan dengan Perbankan Syariah dan prinsip Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Baik pada Unit Usaha Syariah dengan Bank Konvensianal.Kata Kunci : Bank Konvensional, SDGs, Unit Usaha Syariah, Spin-off
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Tam, On Kit. "A Private Bank in China: Hui Tong Urban Co-operative Bank." China Quarterly 131 (September 1992): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000046361.
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In February 1985, Hui Tong Urban Co-operative Bank, China's first new private bank since 1949, opened for business in Chengdu City in Sichuan Province. The bank was set up by a group of young economists from the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences and university teachers in Chengdu City.
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Плахова, Marina Plakhova, Долганова, and Elena Dolganova. "TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING SMALL BUSINESS CREDIT." Journal of Public and Municipal Administration 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2015): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17884.
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The article provides the analysis of the current business environment in the country, a classification of the factors hampering the development of small business; the ways to adapt foreign experience of development of crediting of small business in the Russian conditions are presented. At present stage of development of small enterprises their activity is complicated by a number of problems, among which the problem of insufficiency of own financial resources deserves special attention and the difficulty of borrowing, which reduces the effectiveness and impact of the activity of small enterprises.
To identify the key small business lending trends in banks the study was conducted, which resulted in the conclusion that for the expansion of the volume of bank lending to small businesses in the Orel region and Russia it is necessary to increase the resource base of credit institutions (including the growth rate of equity capital) and investment attractiveness of lending. So the article identified the key trends in the development of bank lending to small businesses in the region and in the Russian Federation.
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Quigley, Neil C. "The Bank of Nova Scotia in the Caribbean, 1889–1940." Business History Review 63, no. 4 (1989): 797–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115963.
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By examining the activities of the Bank of Nova Scotia, this article demonstrates that Canadian banks established branches in the Caribbean to finance trade with the United States rather than with Canada. The expertise of Canadian banks in the management of branch networks and in the finance of international trade was the basis on which they successfully filled an important gap in the provision of banking services for the Hispanic Caribbean and offered strong competition to the American banks that expanded into the region after 1914.
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Campaniaris, Constantine, Richard Murray, Steven Hayes, and Michael Jeffrey. "The development of an apparel industry business model for Canada." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-07-2014-0050.
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Purpose – Earlier attempts to develop a strategy for the apparel industry in Canada to counter the adverse effects of trade liberalisation on Canadian apparel suppliers have been based on the concept of clustering. However, despite the support from government-supported industry bodies, clustering has not been forthcoming and this situation has created a pressing need for the development of an alternative to the clustering strategy. A study by the Canadian Apparel Human Resources Council offered up several different strategies including clustering, that the Canadian apparel industry might pursue, but these have not been taken up. Evidence gained from government reports on the industry and its performance, industry case studies, an experience survey and questionnaire reported earlier, leads to a radically different alternative with a more direct relationship between Canadian apparel suppliers and retailer. The purpose of this paper is to report and construct an evidence-based collaborative strategy together with its accompanying apparel industry business model. Design/methodology/approach – The evidence gained from case studies of Canadian apparel businesses, a secondary data search, an experience survey and an online questionnaire has been followed and combined with retailer requirements from apparel suppliers. Findings – The information gained from apparel industry representatives, government sources and industry reports has enabled step-by-step construction of an evidence-based business model centred on the formation of collaborative partnerships between apparel suppliers and retailers. Originality/value – The model reflects the fact that Canadian apparel retailers have taken the leading role in the supplier/retailer relationship and shows how Canadian apparel suppliers might better position themselves to combat competition from offshore suppliers through the formation of closer links with retail partners. It points not only to a requirement for Canadian apparel suppliers to become integrated into their retail partner’s retail management systems and technology, but also demonstrates the need for the formation of strong alliances through collaborative partnerships between supplier and retailer to address the needs of the apparel market.
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Vithessonthi, Chaiporn, and Jittima Tongurai. "Financial markets development, business cycles, and bank risk in South America." Research in International Business and Finance 36 (January 2016): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2015.10.012.
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TRAN, Son Hung, and Liem Thanh NGUYEN. "Financial Development, Business Cycle and Bank Risk in Southeast Asian Countries." Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.127.
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V Ramani, K., and Francis Pavri. "IT supports business strategy growth at the development bank of Singapore." Journal of Strategic Information Systems 3, no. 4 (December 1994): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8687(94)90037-x.
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Sariningsih, Y., Y. Purwanti, and E. Dinihayati. "Waste bank as business development solution in e-warong KUBE PKH." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 737, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/737/1/012062.
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Dorval, Bernard. "Development of Bancassurance in Canada." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 27, no. 3 (July 2002): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0440.00173.
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Nurhayati, Nurhayati. "Grameen Bank Proyek “Social Business” Muhammad Yunus." JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan) 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v2i1.909.
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Social Entrepreneurship is known to be effective in overcoming the problem of poverty syndrome in various countries. Perspectives on the term social entrepreneurship is growing and diverse among scholars, practitioners, and related institutions. However, they agreed that the final goal to be achieved should lead to the interests and empowerment of society. Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh has proved the power of social entrepreneurship through the development of the mindset that every human being has marketable skills, unlimited potential, including the entrepreneurial spirit. The poverty of the people is not due to laziness or lack of skills, but the opportunity and are less favorable policy factors on them. Finally, Yunus fulfilled his dream and history has recorded his success in tackling the problem of poverty through the micro-finance institution "Grameen Bank" which he founded with courage and sincerity. It was this achievement that brought him the Nobel Prize for World Peace in 2006. Then the Grameen Bank concept inspired many nations and was applied in various countries.
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Chavtur, A. "Present-day Problems of Post Bank Activities." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2006): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-10-124-131.
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The article describes the present state of the post bank business in Russia and in the world, highlighting its typology and development trends. Optimal competitive niches and primary audience of the business are defined. Factors of system implementation of the post bank activities, strategic principles and priorities of their development are revealed. Coordinating activities and expansion possibilities for the post bank business are reviewed as well as issues of functional cross-branch integration.
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Мандрон, В. В., and К. А. Суторьма. "Analysis of digitalization and technological development VTB Bank (PJSC)." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki, no. 2(47) (June 18, 2021): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2021-47-2-170-178.
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Главная тенденция отраслей национальной экономики - цифровизация. Финансовая отрасль кардинально перестроила свои бизнес-процессы и стала драйвером цифрового развития. Цифровая трансформация банков осуществляется с помощью экосистем. Банковская экосистема предполагает комплексный подход к формированию инфраструктуры с помощью отдельных элементов. Цифровизация полностью переформатировала работу игроков финансового сектора и повлияла на организацию и функционирование банков, финансовые услуги и продукты. Средним банкам в период трансформации бизнес-процессов под влиянием информационных технологий сложно реагировать на запросы клиентов и конкурировать с крупными игроками финансового рынка. Наибольшую эффективность в период диджитализации бизнеса демонстрируют крупные банки, они быстрее приспосабливаются новым условиям работы и имеют большую скорость внедрения современных IT-технологий. Банк ВТБ - является одним из числа самых активных участников всех государственных программ направленных на поддержку и кредитование среднего и малого бизнеса. Финансовый институт большое внимание уделяет своей цифровой трансформации. В ходе проведенного исследования установлено, что с помощью реализации направлений в сфере цифровых технологий банк не только осуществляет обслуживание клиентов более быстро и безопасно, но и значительно снижает издержки совершенствуя свою ИТ-архитектуру. Внедрение одного искусственного интеллекта в 2020 году позволило Банку ВТБ снизить издержки в объеме 1,2 млрд. руб. (137 моделей используются в бизнес-процессах всех глобальных бизнес-линий). The main trend of the national economy sectors is digitalization. The financial industry has radically restructured its business processes and has become a driver of digital development. Digital transformation of banks is carried out with the help of ecosystems. The banking ecosystem involves an integrated approach to the formation of infrastructure with the help of individual elements. Digitalization has completely reshaped the players in the financial sector and affected the organization and functioning of banks, financial services and products. During the transformation of business processes under the influence of information technology, it is difficult for medium-sized banks to respond to customer requests and compete with major players in the financial market. Large banks demonstrate the greatest efficiency in the period of business digitalization, they adapt faster to new working conditions and have a greater speed of implementation of modern IT technologies. VTB Bank is one of the most active participants in all government programs aimed at supporting and lending to medium and small businesses. The financial institution pays great attention to its digital transformation. In the course of the study, it was found that by implementing digital technologies, the bank not only provides customer service more quickly and safely, but also significantly reduces costs by improving its IT architecture. The introduction of one artificial intelligence in 2020 allowed VTB Bank to reduce costs in the amount of 1.2 billion rubles. (137 models are used in the business processes of all global business lines).
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Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee. "From SME Bank to Technology Bank." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 7, no. 4 (November 2006): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006779111602.
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This paper is concerned with the attempts of the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Bank of Thailand (SME Bank) to move towards becoming a technology bank to support the generation of new businesses and innovations. Being the bank for technology-based businesses to increase the nation's innovation capacity is the great challenge for SME Bank, as it needs to garner integrated financial and entrepreneurial support as well as a network of alliances. The paper proposes a model based on venture capital management for changing the innovative environment to create a technology economy. These innovative initiatives at SME Bank would be useful for economies in other developing countries to launch programmes supporting the diffusion and commercialization of innovations.
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Black, Jennifer L., and Darlene Seto. "Examining Patterns of Food Bank Use Over Twenty-Five Years in Vancouver, Canada." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-0039-2.
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Abstract Food banks have grown substantially in Canada since the 1980s but little is known about patterns or predictors of engagement including frequency or duration of service use. This study examined food bank program data from a large food bank organization in Vancouver, Canada, finding that between January 1992 and June 2017, at least 116,963 individuals made over 2 million food bank visits. The majority of members were engaged for a short time and came for relatively few visits, but 9% of members engaged in longer-term episodic or ongoing usage over several years, accounting for 65% of all visits. Results from cluster and regression analyses found that documented health and mobility challenges, larger household size, primary income source, and older age were predictors of higher frequency and duration of service usage. Findings add to growing critical examinations of the “emergency food system” highlighting the need for better understanding of the broader social policies influencing food bank use.
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Herdhayinta, Heyvon, and R. A. Supriyono. "DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY: THE CASE OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANK (BPD BANK) IN INDONESIA." Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 34, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jieb.17331.
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Introduction: The Regional Development Bank (BPD Bank) is expected to be a strong, highly competitive bank, which will contribute to the growth and even distribution of sustainable regional economies. Background Problem: A review by the Financial Service Authority (OJK) of the BPD Bank’s business growth indicates the low competitiveness of the BPD Bank, relative to other commercial banks. Novelty: Limited prior studies have been conducted on the profitability determinants of the BPD Bank, especially in Indonesia, and previous studies have only focused on the internal determinants of profitability. Hence, this research aims to analyze both the internal and external profitability determinants of the BPD Bank in Indonesia. Research Method: This study analyzes 135 observations in total from all 27 BPD banks in Indonesia for five years, from 2011 to 2015. This research measured bank profitability using ROA and ROE as the dependent variables. The independent variables are the internal and external determinants of bank profitability. The internal determinants of profitability consist of TA, TCORCAP, CAR, NPL, LDR, OE/OI and NIM; whilst the external determinants include TMS, INF and BIRATE. Findings: The findings of this study show that the profitability of the BPD Bank, as measured by its Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), is significantly determined internally by the total assets, LDR, OE/OI, and NIM and externally by the BIRATE and inflation. Those variables have positive relationships with profitability, except for OE/OI and inflation, which have negative relationships with profitability. In addition, two hypotheses are only partially supported, in which the total core capital and CAR show negative relationships only with ROE. Conclusion: The findings of this paper provide a deeper insight to help manage the profitability of the BPD Bank, which eventually can promote sustainable economic development.
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TERENCE ZINGER, J. "THE SMALL ENTERPRISE-BANK LENDER RELATIONSHIP: FURTHER EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 10, no. 03 (September 2002): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495802000086.
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This paper explores selected aspects of the small enterprise-bank lender relationship. Using a sample of small businesses based in Northern Ontario, Canada, it is found that loan approval rates are high and very few borrowers can be classified as being disappointed with their present bank financing arrangements, The results suggest that business size, as measured by the number of full time employees, is positively associated with the level of satisfaction with bank financing arrangements, thus providing partial support for previous studies that have reported that problems between small business borrowers and their banks are more evident for the smallest ventures. In addition, this level of satisfaction is also related to the incidence of visits by the lender to the small firm's place of business. Further, it is found that the sample firms are not accessing non-bank financial institutions to the same degree as their counterparts in other regions of the country. The general implications of these results are discussed and opportunities for further research are identified.
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O. Eke, Patrick, Achugamonu Bede U., Sikiru O. Ashamu, and Abiola A. Babajide. "An Analysis of Bank Competiveness, Financial Intermediation and Entrepreneurship Development in African Economies." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (August 23, 2021): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.42.
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Given probable nexus between financial intermediation and entrepreneurship development, this paper uses multivariate regression techniques to test the impact of bank competitiveness on the nexus in forty-two African economies. With data obtained from the World Development Indicators, the results reveal that lending rates, the proxy for financial intermediation positively impacts business start-up-cost, the proxy for entrepreneurship, while bank competitiveness negatively impacts business start-up-cost, which suggests that banking competitiveness has the capacity to improve entrepreneurship in African economies. The region’s economies should reduce monetary base rates to single digit; advanced liberalization of the financial industry; encourage stronger competition through digital finance; lessen the requirements for new conventional bank entry; provide fiscal support for increased bank branching
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Ferris, J. Stephen. "Electoral politics and monetary policy: does the Bank of Canada contribute to a political business cycle?" Public Choice 135, no. 3-4 (January 8, 2008): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9272-8.
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Fu, Zhe, Dan Xi, and Jia Xu. "BANK COMPETITION, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND INCOME INEQUALITY." Contemporary Economic Policy 39, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coep.12481.
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Seekings, David, and Brian Wilson. "Allied Irish Bank in Britain: Organisational and Business Development through Action Learning." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 8, no. 5 (May 1987): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb053625.
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Kolchurina, Irina, Olga Prihodko, Tatyana Volkova, and Kira Ponomareva. "Implementation of lean manufacturing technologies as a resource for sustainable development of a commercial bank." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020803029.
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The tough regulatory requirements of the Central Bank of Russia, competition with transnational banks and a reduction in the volume of issued loans made it necessary to develop measures aimed to increase the efficiency of a regional commercial bank. In this regard, search for new management methods, implementation of analysis tools and improvement of a financial organization activity are relevant. The article proposes to optimize business the processes of the management system of the regional commercial bank by using lean manufacturing tools. The advantages and usefulness of a value stream map for business processes analysis and optimization are considered and substantiated. The tool was implemented in relation to the business process of the commercial bank «Lending to individuals». The time of operations and interoperation intervals was determined, risk analysis was made, and measures were proposed to improve the process. The economic efficiency of corrective measures was calculated.
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Bullock, Ryan C. L., Melanie Zurba, John R. Parkins, and Max Skudra. "Open for bioenergy business? Perspectives from Indigenous business leaders on biomass development potential in Canada." Energy Research & Social Science 64 (June 2020): 101446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101446.
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