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Journal articles on the topic 'Business letter'
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Zhanghong, Xu, and Wang Qian. "Pragmatic Empathy as a Grand Strategy in Business Letter Writing." English Language Teaching 11, no. 8 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n8p14.
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This paper examines the employment of pragmatic empathy as a grand strategy in business letter writing. To account for the realization of pragmatic empathy in business letters, we make a corpus-based manual analysis of four types of business letters. It is found that (1) the choice of deixis is a major concern in most letters: while second person is often used in competitive letters, first or third person frequently appears in other three types of letters; (2) conventionalized indirectness strategy is often used in competitive business letters while mitigation strategy is preferred in conflictive business letters; (3) the employment of different strategies is an adaptation to various empathetic concerns in business letter writing. It is concluded that different types of business letters are characterized by different pragmatic strategies to achieve empathy. This paper, which is an attempt to investigate business letters from the empathy perspective, sheds light on business discourse research in general and business letter writing in particular.
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Kashaf, Mohsmed. "Business Letter." Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies 29, no. 1 (2012): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bcps.2012.26292.
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Mason, Julian, and Daphne Rice. "Does a business-like letter written for a general practitioner meet the standards for patients?" Psychiatric Bulletin 32, no. 7 (2008): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.017806.
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Aims and MethodTo gauge the acceptability of copying a business-like clinic letter for general practitioners, written by a doctor working in the Newbury Community Mental Health Team for Older Adults. Between August 2004 and March 2006 every letter written by each doctor was stored electronically. The letters contained a clear statement of the diagnosis, the active problems and a bullet-point care plan. Any concerns or reactions to the letters were documented as they were received. Between September and October 2006, 50 service user or carer recipients of the letters were sent a questionnaire, checking whether the letter met standards of clarity, helpfulness and content.ResultsOver 20 months 427 service users and carers received a total of 731 letters. One carer asked for the letter not to be sent in future; four carers asked for details of the letter to be modified; in only one was the content of the letter to the general practitioner modified before it was sent to the service user. The questionnaire about the suitability of the clinic letter had a 90% reply rate and all respondents said the letters were clear, understandable and that their content was of no surprise to them.Clinical ImplicationsThis report of a successful use of a frank business-like letter copied to service users or carers should be understood in the context of the following factors: the doctor who wrote them was familiar with and confident about the clinical work and comfortable with the style of the letter; he had a good rapport with a generally well-educated population and positive support from his colleagues. With these factors in place, the direct style of the letter was well received by patients and carers.
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Kuswantoro, Agung, and Kuatina Nur Aini. "Perkembangan Surat Niaga di Era Distrupsi (Studi Kasus Di Perusahaan Jasa PT JNE)." EFISIENSI - KAJIAN ILMU ADMINISTRASI 16, no. 1 (2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/efisiensi.v16i1.24478.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui surat-surat niaga yang masih digunakan di era disrupsi, dalam berkomunikasi dengan supplier dan konsumen. Metode penelitiannya adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Setting penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu perusahaan jasa Agen JNE Menoreh, Semarang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pegawai JNE. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitiannya adalah surat-surat niaga yang masih digunakan di era disrupsi pada JNE dari ke-13 surat niaga, hanya ada 2 jenis surat yang digunakan secara manual yaitu surat tagihan dan surat klaim. Ada 11 surat yang tidak dipakai di JNE yaitu surat perkenalan, surat pesanan, surat balasan klaim, surat permintaan penawaran, surat perjanjian kerjasama, surat pengiriman barang, surat balasan pesanan, surat penawaran, surat adjustment, surat konfirmasi pesanan, dan surat penangguhan pembayaran. Surat-surat niaga yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi dalam JNE digantikan menggunakan bukti-bukti trasaksi dari aplikasi media elektronik dan aplikasi. Saran dalam penelitian ini, bahwa di era disrupsi diharapkan dalam menggunakan fasilitas teknologi komunikasi dalam korespondensi, karena melalui teknologi komunikasi dapat mempermudah dalam pekerjaannya. Kata kunci: Surat Niaga, Era Disrupsi, JNE Abstract: Development of Commerce in the Distorted Era (Case Study in PT JNE Service Company). This study aims at knowing business letters which are still used and applicable at the disruption era to communiate with suppliers and customers. The design of study was qualitative descriptive. Further, the study was conducted in JNE agent, Menoreh Semarang with its staff as the subject. To collect the data, interview and observation were employed. Then, the finding show that there only 2 (two) of 13 business letters which are still applicable and written manually nowdays. Those two letters are bills and claim letter. The JNE agent has dropped 11 business letters; they are sales letter inquiry letter, order letter, reply to inquiry, reply to order, dispatch letter, complaint letter, adjusment letter, MoU, letter for confirming the payment, letter of payment deferral. JNE has implemented online system for replacing most of manual business letters. The evidences from the online transaction are used instead of the manual ones. Finally, in this disruption era, up to date technology and information such as online application and system should be implemented by businessmen as they can be easier and efficier in doing the business Keyword: Business Letters, Disruption Era, JNE
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DEPAUW, M. "A Demotic Business Letter." Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 26 (April 1, 1995): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/olp.26.0.583522.
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Devet, Bonnie. "Analyzing International Letters in a Business Communication Class." Business Communication Quarterly 61, no. 4 (1998): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999806100404.
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In the global marketplace, professionals need to understand how cultural differences affect the writing and reading of business letters. Business commu nication courses can prepare students to meet this need by teaching students an effective, systematic method for analyzing the letters of the global economy. The method incorporates such characteristics as format, organization, rhetori cal strategies (ethos, pathos, logos), style, and writer's purpose. Through case studies in letter writing and analysis, students apply key communication prin ciples in an international context.
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Chunmei, Yu. "Textual Function of Presupposition in Business Letter Discourse." World Journal of English Language 7, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v7n1p35.
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Presupposition refers to what is assumed by the speaker when uttering a specific sentence, usually realized by the useof particular lexical items and/or linguistic constructions which are known as presupposition triggers, is an evitablerequirement for interpretation of the utterance. Based on the theme-rheme theory and thematic progression patternssuggested by Hu Zhuanglin and Zhu Yongsheng, the author adopts qualitative method to make an analysis of thetextual function of presupposition which is realized by serving as themes in clauses, helping to construct differentthematic progression patterns and transmitting information in business letter discourse. Presupposition helps toconstruct four main thematic progression patterns in business letter discourse, which can be conclude as T1→T2 (thesame theme), R1→R2 (the same rheme), R1→T2 (the rheme or part of the rheme in the previous clause becomes thetheme of the next clause) and T1+R1=T2 (both the theme and rheme of the preceding clause are encapsulated into anoun phrase functioning as the theme of the frequent clause). The author chose 30 business letters selected from theinternet and several textbooks as the object of research, and they cover almost every stage of foreign trade.
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Kornienko, Kristina Borisovna. "Letter in a system of hypergenre “personal file”." Филология: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32362.
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The subject of this research is the structural components of hypergenre “personal file”. The object of this research is business letters. Analysis is conducted on the basis of archived personal filed of the students of Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute for the period from 1930’s – 1940s. The goal consist in introducing new texts of business correspondence into the scientific discourse. In the course of this study, the author solves the following tasks: extraction of documents from the personal files that genre-wise belong to correspondence; determination of genre distinctness of the extracted documents; description of stylistic and functional characteristic of letters and notes. The discursive-communicative analysis of the texts of business correspondence proves that the addresser and the addressee are based on the general social presuppositions. The genre analysis allowed studying the specificity of the genre of business letter and note. For examination of linguistic units of business texts, the author uses the methods of semantic, stylistic and discursive analysis. It is claimed that the hypergenre “personal file” includes a special genre group – business letter or note that manifests as the structural elements of personal file. The author highlights the documents comprising the group of letters/notes based on the formal criterion, i.e. presence of addressee; from the perspective of functional criterion, namely the purpose of document and intention of the addresser; according to discursive-compositional markers, such as form of address or etiquette formula. The article demonstrates the specificity of indicated genres in the particular historical period within the framework of a hypergenre, which is an important addition to the overall picture of the development of business writing, as well as a source for determining normative and stylistic peculiarities of the document on the various language levels.
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Nanda, Yogi Harian, and Elsy Renie. "PERSEPSI PELAKU EKONOMI KULINER TENTANG SURAT REKOMENDASI MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (MUI) SUMATERA BARAT PERIHAL PENGGUNAAN NAMA USAHA KULINER." JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah 2, no. 2 (2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v2i2.4338.
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This study examines the perception of culinary economists on letters of recommendation from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) West Sumatra regarding the prohibition of culinary names that are not in accordance with Islamic law. The type of research used is field research, with exploratory qualitative methods. Sources of data in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. The findings from this study are that the majority of producers and consumers of culinary businesses do not agree with the recommendation letter from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) West Sumatra regarding the use of culinary business names and do not even care about the letter, because they consider the recommendation letter from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) at the West Sumatra level. This is not a type of statutory regulation that has binding law.
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Delligatti, Paul J., and William P. Lane. "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Staff issues no-action relief to facilitate implementation of Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) research provisions." Journal of Investment Compliance 19, no. 1 (2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-02-2018-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss the implications of three related U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) no-action letters dated October 26, 2017 that seek to address the provisions of MiFID II related to “inducements”. Design/methodology/approach Provides background information regarding MiFID II and summarizes each of the three SEC Staff no-action letters: the SIFMA letter, the ICI letter and the AMG letter. Findings The no-action letters provide market participants with increased clarity as to how certain aspects of their business activities, in particular the “bundling” or “unbundling” of payments for research and execution, can comply with potentially competing systems of regulations. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced financial industry and investment management lawyers.
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TZU, KOH TOH. "A KNOWLEDGE-BASED CHINESE LETTER-WRITER." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 02, no. 01 (1988): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001488000054.
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Since the end of last year, the researchers at the Institute of Systems Science (ISS) started to consider a more ambitious project as part of its multilingual programming objective. This project examines the domain of Chinese Business Letter Writing. With the problem defined as generating Chinese letters to meet business needs, investigations suggest an intersection of 3 possible approaches: knowledge engineering, form processing and natural language processing. This paper attempts to report some of the findings and document the design and implementation issues that have arisen and been tackled as prototyping work progresses.
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Mohamad, Hairul Azhar, Muhammad Luthfi Mohaini, and Pavithran Ravinthra Nath. "An Analysis of Lexical Chunks in Online Business Letters (OBL) and Business Letter Corpus (BLC): A Corpus-Based Study." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 4, no. 2 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v4i2.9729.
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This research investigated into the lexical density and frequencies of five types of lexical chunks located in 300 online business letters. Top 10 websites on business correspondence had been identified in terms of traffic visitors and bounce rate under one million web rankings worldwide. Criterion Sampling method was identified prior to extracting the sample letters from the websites. The data was then run with Antconc Concordance Program (ACP) for lexical density and frequency analysis. Top 15 lexical chunks in online business letters (OBL) were compared against those top 15 in Business Letter Corpus (BLC). Findings revealed that there was a total of 39 916-word tokens and 939 counts of lexical chunks found in this corpus. It was found that more lexical words do not imply more lexical chunks used in based on types of business letters. All 5 types of lexical chunks were identified and ranked in descending order; Sentence Builders (SB) as the most frequent type, followed by Collocations (COL), Deictic locutions (DLs), Polywords (POLs) and Institutionalized Expressions (IUs) as the least frequent type of lexical chunk. Sub-divisional analysis indicated that Grammatical Collocations (GCs) were more common than Lexical Collocations (LCs). Majority of lexical chunks were formed more at sentence level than phrasal level. Comparative analysis between top 15 lexical chunks in OBL and BLC discovered that most top lexical chunks in online business letters are representative of those corporate business letters in BLC. Pedagogical implications in terms of the reliability of online business letters for academic reference and future research considerations are also addressed.
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C, Emejidio, and Gepila Jr. "GAUGING THE ABILITIES AND DIFFICULTIES OF EMPLOYEES IN WRITING BUSINESS LETTER." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (2020): 2747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201382.
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Sari, Valentina Dyah Arum. "Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris Business Letter Writing untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Pelaku UMKM dalam Pemasaran Produk Di Bisnis Global." Jurnal ABDINUS : Jurnal Pengabdian Nusantara 3, no. 2 (2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/ja.v3i2.13663.
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Pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk mendukung kebutuhan para pengusaha UMKM di Yogyakarta ini dimulai dengan melakukan pelatihan kepada IPEMI Yogyakarta dan PERWIRA Yogyakarta. IPEMI adalah Ikatan Pengusaha Muslimah Indonesia sedangkan PERWIRA adalah Perkumpulan Perempuan Wirausaha Indonesia yang keduanya berkomitmen untuk mendukung para pelaku usaha UMKM terutama yang berada di Yogyakarta. Dengan melakukan pelatihan business letter kepada para pelaku UMKM anggota IPEMI Yogyakarta dan PERWIRA Yogyakarta dapat menjadi sebuah langkah efektif untuk mempersiapkan UMKM Yogyakarta dalam MEA. Pada pelatihan ini membahas mengenai beberapa hal mengenai business letter antara lain pengenalan apa yang dimaksud dengan business letter, bagian-bagian dari business letter serta contoh-contoh business letter yang dekat dan bahkan akan mereka gunakan sebagai pelaku UMKM di sektor perdagangan. Penyampaian materi menggunakan metode ceramah dan dialog interaktif. Pada pelatihan ini para peserta juga diminta untuk mempraktekkan menyusun salah satu business letter dengan memperhatikan penjelasan instruktur dan contoh yang terdapat di modul.Pelatihan business letter writing berlangsung dengan baik dan sukses kepada para pelaku UMKM yang saat ini dituntut untuk menggunakan e-commerce yang sebagian besar komunikasi dilakukan secara tertulis sehingga mereka saat ini telah memiliki pengetahuan dan kemampuan untuk menggunakan business letter secara tepat.
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Irianti, Leni. "THE INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS ON TEACHING FUNCTIONAL TEXTS IN A WRITING CLASS." ELTR Journal 3, no. 1 (2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37147/eltr.v3i1.58.
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This article analyzed the functional text and register in Systemic-Functional theoretical framework. It explored how both register and genre realized in pedagogic models especially in English business writing course. In English as a foreign-language, writing for functional texts is considered important in teaching learning activities. The register and genre were considered in composing the application letter. It was used the teaching cycle of Genre Based Approach (henceforth GBA) to connect between register and genre in the writing functional text especially in writing application letter activities. There were the models of functional writing provided and the students followed the teaching cycle of GBA the students compose the letter of application. The most noticeable qualities of generic structures and tenor awareness tended to be emphasized by lecturer over less-evident lexico-grammatical patterns. It is also important of how the students’ recognize stages of formal letters. This was suggested that choice of genre and more systematic attention to details of register (especially tenor) awareness are truly important in writing formal letter for learners English for Business Writing class.
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Irianti, Leni. "THE INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS ON TEACHING FUNCTIONAL TEXTS IN A WRITING CLASS." ELTR Journal 3, no. 1 (2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37147/eltr.v3i1.58.
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This article analyzed the functional text and register in Systemic-Functional theoretical framework. It explored how both register and genre realized in pedagogic models especially in English business writing course. In English as a foreign-language, writing for functional texts is considered important in teaching learning activities. The register and genre were considered in composing the application letter. It was used the teaching cycle of Genre Based Approach (henceforth GBA) to connect between register and genre in the writing functional text especially in writing application letter activities. There were the models of functional writing provided and the students followed the teaching cycle of GBA the students compose the letter of application. The most noticeable qualities of generic structures and tenor awareness tended to be emphasized by lecturer over less-evident lexico-grammatical patterns. It is also important of how the students’ recognize stages of formal letters. This was suggested that choice of genre and more systematic attention to details of register (especially tenor) awareness are truly important in writing formal letter for learners English for Business Writing class.
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Kuimova, Marina Valeryevna, and Pavel Igorevich Shershnev. "Business letter teaching (through the example of «Thank you letter»)." V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy, no. 7.1 (November 23, 2014): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/wsd-2014-7.1-7.
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Campbell, B. G. "Deixis and the Format of the Business Letter." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 16, no. 4 (1986): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1xtn-dqag-91f1-6d7y.
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The format of the business letter reflects the necessary adjustments that writers must make to communicate successfully in the written medium. The heading, inside address, salutation, complimentary close, and signature block establish contextual anchoring for the reader to understand the many deictic references within the body of the letter. By seeing the practical nature of the components of the business letter, students no longer view the format as arbitrary and ad hoc.
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Pudikova, G. N. "ALGORITHM OF ANALYSIS the BUSINESS LETTER." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 9, no. 2 (2018): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2018-9-2-480-496.
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Frescobaldi, Vittorio, and Peter Hayes. "A letter by the business editors." Wine Economics and Policy 1, no. 1 (2012): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wep.2012.11.004.
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Dunea, G. "Letter from Chicago: Bad for business." BMJ 291, no. 6497 (1985): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6497.726.
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Lines, Sandra Ramsey, and Randy B. Carodine. "A Study of Business Letter Features." Journal of Forensic Sciences 50, no. 4 (2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2004459.
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Popova, Larisa Georgievna, Lyubov' Mikhailovna Shatilova, Georgii Teimurazovich Khukhuni, and Anastasiya Dmitrievna Krasnikova. "Linguistic characteristics of the German letter of recommendation (diachronic aspect)." Litera, no. 3 (March 2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.3.37379.
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This article discusses the features of letters of recommendation: types, structure and criteria for evaluating work certificates. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that letters of recommendation have been around for a long time and are an integral part of the business sphere in Germany. Given the lack of workbooks in Germany, providing a letter of recommendation for consideration by a potential employer is a prerequisite. This speech genre requires detailed attention and consideration from the point of view of linguistic and structural features. The object of research is the speech genre "recommendation letter". The subject of the study are structural and substantive features, types of letters of recommendation. The purpose of the work is to consider the types and features of letters of recommendation in the German language in a diachronic aspect. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the types and linguistic characteristics of the German-language recommendation letter are studied from the standpoint of diachrony. The research material was a German website containing archives of old letters of recommendation: Arbeitszeugnis-forum.de.In the course of the study, it was found out that the most preferable is a qualified letter of recommendation containing a detailed description of the employee and opening him a wider range of further career opportunities. Qualified recommendation letters in German have the following features: 1) a letter of recommendation must comply with the principles of truth and benevolence, therefore it must be written positively; 2) a qualified letter contains information about the work performed, various qualities and achievements of the employee, about his behavior among colleagues and clients, as well as thanks and wishes for the future. The analysis of letters of recommendation showed that until 1900, there were mainly simple working certificates in use in Germany. The letter of recommendation did not have a clear structure. The qualified certificate has received great relevance and has been supplemented with characteristics, approximately, since the 1940s.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "BUSINESS VS FRIENDLY LETTER UNDER THE PEN OF RUSSIAN CLASSICISTS (EPISTOLARY BY A. P. SUMAROKOV)." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-18-27.
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The article is devoted to the study of one of the milestones in the development of the genre of writing – the epistolary heritage of Russian classicists, in particular, A. P. Sumarokov, who was, as is known, among the largest representatives of classicism. Being engaged not only in literary practice, but also in theory, he himself brought writing outside of literature, described it in the treatise «On the Russian Language», while literary genres – in the treatise «On Poetry». This freed the author-epistolographer from complying with the requirements of classicism, gave freedom unknown to others – literary genres proper. At the same time, it didn’t reduce writing to an everyday or business text, firstly, due to the fact that there was a continuous mutual influence of the genres of writing and a poetic message, epistle, and secondly, due to the fact that the letters of writers a priori had aesthetic value. Thus, taken outside the bounds of literature, writing was organically closely related to it, included in it. At first glance, the peripheral position of the epistolary genre in the era of classicism turned out to be privileged and very promising. One of the varieties of the epistolary genre, the friendly letter, had particular prospects during the 18th century influenced other species. Business letter was no exception, including the business letter of the classicists. Thus, the business letters of A. P. Sumarokov, addressed to both dignitaries and the empress, were strongly influenced by a friendly letter. It seems that he appealed to the traditions of the latter, consciously or not, wishing to overcome the split of his «I», which is very tangible in his business epistolography. The image of the author seems to be twofold in it, in many respects in accordance with the aesthetics of classicism. On the one hand, Sumarokov positions himself as a «public person»: a recognized, talented writer, theater director, citizen, selflessly serving the motherland. On the other hand, as a «natural person»: helpless, lonely, suffering from a lack of money, energy, time, from undeserved grievances, injustice, misunderstanding, etc. According to the logic of classicism, a «social person» must prevail over the «natural», unpatriotic position, selfishness, weaknesses and passions of which are shameful. Perhaps, only the epistolary genre gave the author the possibility of a different intention – gaining the wholeness of his «I» not by suppressing the «natural person» in himself and strengthening the «social», but by «balancing» both hypostases. Sumarokov tries to realize this intention through the actualization of the features of a friendly letter that is authentic for two facets of his «I»: if a «public person» by his activities in the literary and civil field deserves friendly communication «on equal terms» with any high-ranking addressee, then a «natural person» deserves it is communication with your personal qualities. In addition, the fate of the author depends on the addressee vested with power: the first can solve the problems of the second, – therefore, it is in a business letter that Sumarokov actualizes the features of a friendly letter. As a result, a kind of friendly-business hybrid is created under his pen, promising for the further development of the epistolary genre.
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Wahyu, Ellyn Eka, Yekie Senja Oktora, Siti Nurbaya, Joni Dwi Pribadi, and Achmad Suyono. "PELATIHAN DAN BIMBINGAN KORESPONDENSI BISNIS DI BIDANG HOME INDUSTRI KULINER PAWON BUCI MALANG." Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8, no. 2 (2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jabdimas.v8i2.156.
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Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM) in 2021, was carried out to provide training and guidance to mothers in the area around Pawon Buci Malang on Business Correspondence to help promote and market products from Pawon Buci Malang. The method used by the PkM Implementation Team is to provide an explanation of the meaning of letters, understanding of business correspondence, the importance of correspondence (especially during the Covid 19 Pandemic), requirements for a good letter, function of letters, language of letters, nature of business letters, form of letters, sections -Department of Letters, Sales Methods - Direct Sales, Kinds of Letters (Introduction Letters, Offer Letters, Order Acceptance Letters, Order Confirmation Letters, Order Rejection Letters). This PkM activity received high enthusiasm from the participants. The enthusiasm was evidenced by the completeness of the 5 participants who listened carefully and actively from the beginning to the end of the activity. The PkM Implementation Team concluded that all participants were able to put the results of the training into practice by being able to write the necessary documents to promote and market Pawon Buci products.
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Rahmatullah, Wirah, and Afriyudi Afriyudi. "Pengembangan Aplikasi Sistem Pelayanan Masyarakat Berbasis Android (Studi Kasus : Kecamatan Payaraman Ogan Ilir)." Jurnal Pengembangan Sistem Informasi dan Informatika 2, no. 4 (2021): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/jpsii.v2i4.557.
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In public administration services almost every day requests for incoming letters, both requests for business place permits, SK Domicile and other documents. The data collection of letters requested by residents of Payaraman District will be handled directly through the admin where the data will be entered into the request list using a computer, then the letter will be printed for signature, residents have to wait for the letter with uncertain terms. This problem was raised due to the large number of public complaints in issuing a decree that had been signed by the sub-district head. This research uses extreme programming method in development by using CI framework for admin and flutter framework for users. The results of the study are that residents of Payaraman District can access the application to request a letter request which will contain identities such as ID cards and permits or decrees that will be sent back via the web admin to the application according to the request of residents who access/request a letter.
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Levchenko, Marina Nikolaevna, and Mariya Yur'evna Zakharova. "COVER LETTER IN CURRICULUM VITAE: EXTENSION OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS LETTER NORMS." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 5 (May 2019): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.5.49.
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Rey, Juan. "Words and forms in the business letter." Questiones Publicitarias, no. 4 (July 31, 1995): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/qp.221.
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Jenkins, Susan, and John Hinds. "Business Letter Writing: English, French, and Japanese." TESOL Quarterly 21, no. 2 (1987): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586738.
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Reinhard, Jack E. "Editor's Letter: Business Plans Live and Grow." Journal of Management in Engineering 12, no. 6 (1996): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1996)12:6(3).
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Pinkerton, Keith, and Peter J. Butler. "Letter to the Editor – Business Valuation Review." Business Valuation Review 27, no. 1 (2008): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5791/0882-2875-27.1.65.
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Jacobi, Martin J. "Using Enthymemes to Teach Business Letter Writing." Bulletin of the Association for Business Communication 49, no. 1 (1986): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056998604900109.
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꾸리길디노바 and Balgazina Bakitgul. "Business Letter: communicative basis of textual categories." Journal of Foreign Studies ll, no. 21 (2012): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15755/jfs.2012..21.107.
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Chandrasekhar, Sujana S. "“Business” Is not a Four-Letter Word." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 55, no. 1 (2022): xiii—xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2021.10.001.
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Kochetova, L. A., and Yassien Sh S. Al-Bayati. "Lingvocultural Specifics of the Communicative Behaviour in Arabic English-language Business Discourse." Discourse 6, no. 6 (2021): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-6-126-136.
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Introduction. The paper studies specifics of the communicative behavior of native speakers of English and Arab speakers of English as a second language in business situations. The novelty of the study is implied by the fact that it establishes ethnocultural features of comissive speech acts in value-marked situations in the English-language business discourse. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the interest in speech acts functioning in lingvocultural perspective, which studies patterns of communicative behavior in cross-cultural situations and issues of verbal representation of speech acts in the speech of native and non-native speakers of English as they are employed in various genres and types of discourse.Methodology and sources. The study employs methods of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis interpretive method. The study is drawn on a corpus compiled of business letters written by employees of United Arab Emirates companies who speak English as a second language (LBLC). The corpus LBLC comprises 160 letters, 33 907 words. To identify cultural differences, Business Letter Corpus of 1 million words that contains letters written by British and American writers was chosen.Results and discussion. The results of cross-cultural comparison of commissive speech acts representation in value marked situations in the Learner Business Letter Corpus (LBLC) and Business Letter Corpus are presented. It has been concluded that both corpora under study display similarity as for functions of comissive speech acts in value-marked communicative situations whereas differences are revealed in the variation of lexical and grammatical choices that represent these speech acts and their pragmatics. In the BLC the situations when commissive speech acts correlate with apology the addresser commits themselves to obligation not to perform actions that are undesirable for the addressee or prevent the circumstances that might have negative consequences for the addressee. In the LBLC, following the communicative act of apology the addresser emphasizes the causes that have resulted in his failure to complete his obligations and promises to eliminate these causes. The texts in BLC employ explicit speech acts of guarantee that represent an obligation on condition that the addressee completes a certain action and emphasize the sincerity of the addresser. The texts in LBLC do not contain any instances of explicit speech acts of guarantee and the utterance is interpreted as a guarantee on the basis of declarations expressed in the letter.Conclusion. It is concluded that in cross-cultural value-marked situations speech acts implementation follows algorithms that are relevant in a given culture and display cultural specificity that can be studies by linguistic methods.
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Pashina, Alyona V. "Concept "Cover Letter" in the modern network English business discourse." Humanities and Social Sciences 80, no. 3 (2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2070-1403-2020-80-3-133-143.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "Correspondence of I.V. Kireevsky with A.S. Pushkin and P.A. Vyazemsky in the light of the development of the genre of friendly writing in the 1830s." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 2 (March 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.2-22.061.
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The epistolary genre, especially in the invariant of friendly writing, flourished in the first third of the 19th century, when it played an important role in the development of literature, becoming, according to the famous definition of Yu.N. Tynyanov, a “literary fact”. The letter acted as a creative “laboratory”, allowing writers to experiment freely, then apply the results of experiments in prose and poetry. At the same time, it itself was comprehended as a text of literary value. Hence the great attention of writers to him, in particular A. Pushkin and his correspondent friends. Their correspondence has been widely studied, and on its basis a scientific understanding of the epistolary culture of the first third of the 19th century has been compiled. At the same time, attention has ignored a significant part of the epistolary heritage of their contemporaries — in particular, I.V. Kireevsky. Meanwhile, he was also gifted with literary talent, organically included in the cultural context of the era, was in friendly correspondence with a large number of people, including A.I. Koshelev, A.V. Venevitinov, E.A. Baratynsky, N.M. Yazykov, V.F. Odoevsky, S.A. Sobolevsky, Р.А. Vyazemsky, A.S. Pushkin himself, etc. We are interested in his epistolary communication with the latter two. Both of them were not among his closest friends. He did not communicate with them for long — only in the early 1830s — in connection with the publication of his magazine “European” and on other business issues. So, the reason for the letter has always been business. However, writing “on business” does not necessarily mean writing a business letter. It seems important to raise the question of how the aforementioned correspondence correlates with the friendly correspondence of that time, the tone of which was primarily determined by Pushkin’s epistolary works. The poet-genius wrote only two letters to Kireevsky — the same as Kireevsky to him. All four texts are very literary, abound in tropes, combine benevolence and light humor, reveal that special freedom of communication that only friendly writing enjoyed. Their authors, both literary men, speak to each other in the same language, perfectly understood by both. But if Kireevsky is restrained at times, scrupulously observes epistolary etiquette, if at times he excessively piles up paths, if, finally, he departs from the epistolary tradition, for example, replacing writing with a literary-critical article — and creates, in essence, not friendly, but semi-friendly-semi-daily, or friendly-business letters, then Pushkin remains within the framework of the traditions of friendly epistolography, at the same time he boldly pushes them apart, offering his correspondent a very “correct” and at the same time free-bold version of a friendly letter. Kireevsky is trying to learn from him. He uses Pushkin's experience, in particular, in his correspondence with Vyazemsky, in which he feels obviously more relaxed than in an epistolary dialogue with a poet of the first magnitude. Unfortunately, Vyazemsky’s letters to Kireevsky are unknown. And there are five of Kireevsky’s messages to him. Unlike letters to Pushkin, they are friendly. The author in them quite boldly experiments with the genre possibilities of friendly writing, however, without going beyond the traditions of epistolography of the 1830s. So, he resorts to parodying features of business correspondence and parodying them mixing with features of friendly correspondence, is engaged in “word creation”. These are the traditions of “buffoonery”–“galimate” Arzmamas writing. Although cautiously, Kireevsky combines them with the dosed-in traditions of confidential-confessional epistolography, which were relevant at the end of the 18th — beginning of the 19th centuries, and unclaimed by Pushkin and his correspondent friends in the 1830s.
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Riva, Michele A., and Lucio Tremolizzo. "Letter to the Editor: More Ghosts More Business." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 23, no. 4 (2014): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2014.955948.
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Knutson, Renée G. "So, you have to write a business letter…" Performance Improvement 38, no. 9 (1999): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4140380907.
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McDonald, Ross A. "An open letter to North American business ethicists." Journal of Business Ethics 12, no. 8 (1993): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01845905.
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Yan Puspitarani and Yenie Syukriyah. "Utilization of OCR and text feature extraction to create a database of labour complaints." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 4, no. 4 (2020): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v4i4.2107.
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The examination of complaints of labor violations is part of the main activity of the labor inspection section within the Department of Manpower. Monitors will examine companies that are considered to have violated labor laws based on a letter of complaint sent by the relevant union organization or legal aid agency. The easy way to communicate at this time, making the submission of complaint letters can be directly sent in the form of images through electronic media such as whatsapp or email. This makes it difficult for administrative staff to recapitulate incoming complaints because they have to read and enter data manually into the system. Therefore, this research was conducted to create a system that utilizes OCR technology and text feature extraction to be able to input complaints data automatically. This research resulted in a prototype of letter input and a database of letter storage that can be further utilized for Data Mining and Business Intelligent. OCR implementation is done by using the Tesseract library while the text feature selection utilizes the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library. The results of testing of the prototype showed an accuracy of 66.7% of the OCR results and 91.67% of the manually typed letters.
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Lubis, Zaned Zihan Sosa Elsera, M. Nur, and Sanusi Sanusi. "Asas Keseimbangan dalam Perjanjian Penerbitan Letter of Credit Sebagai Transaksi Bisnis Internasional." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 8, no. 2 (2019): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2019.v08.i02.p09.
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Letter of Credit is one of the payment instruments in international business transactions. Based on the agreement to issue a Letter of Credit, the Letter of Credit is issued by the issuing bank at the request of the applicant as the importer. The Letter of Credit agreement that is used by banks, in general, is a standard agreement that the clause has been prepared in advance by the bank. The imbalance in the standard agreement can be used by parties whose bargaining position is stronger to abuse the situation. The purpose of this study is to analyze national law and international law related to the issuance of the Letter of Credit. The next objective is to analyze the application of the principle of balance in the agreement to issue the Letter of Credit as an international business transaction. The type of research used is normative legal research using a statutory approach, the sources of legal materials used based on library research are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study revealed that whether the principle of balance in the Letter of Credit issuance agreement had been realized in the practice of international business transactions.
Letter of Credit adalah salah satu instrumen pembayaran dalam transaksi bisnis internasional. Atas dasar perjanjian penerbitan Letter of Credit maka Letter of Credit diterbitkan oleh bank penerbit atas permintaan pemohon selaku importir. Perjanjian penerbitan Letter of Credit yang dipakai perbankan pada umumnya adalah perjanjian baku yang klausulanya telah disusun sebelumnya oleh bank. Ketidakseimbangan dalam perjanjian baku dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak yang bargaining position-nya lebih kuat untuk melakukan penyalahgunaan keadaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hukum nasional dan hukum internasional yang terkait dengan penerbitan Letter of Credit. Tujuan selanjutnya adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam perjanjian penerbitan Letter of Credit sebagai transaksi bisnis internasional. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan memakai pendekatan perundang-undangan, sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan berdasarkan penelitian kepustakaan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa apakah asas keseimbangan dalam perjanjian penerbitan Letter of Credit telah terwujud dalam praktik transaksi bisnis internasional.
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Martins, Adelaide, Delfina Gomes, Lídia Oliveira, and João Leite Ribeiro. "Telling a success story through the president’s letter." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 16, no. 3 (2019): 403–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-03-2018-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the role of storytelling and impression management (IM) through the president’s letter in legitimizing the practices of an electricity company with regard to controversial issues during a period of change. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a qualitative case study, this paper examines annual report letters from 1995 to 2013 using a methodological interpretative approach. Findings By promoting a success story using IM, the presidents give sense to particular actions related with controversial issues and attempt to influence expectations on strategic changes. The findings demonstrate that organizational actors use the flexibility of the president’s letter to tell the story and emphasize its self-laudatory nature. The study highlights that storytelling in these documents can be used to alleviate the tensions created by the inherent contradictions of social structures. Practical implications This research is useful for regulatory authorities, users of annual reports and academic researchers, making them attentive of the narratives companies may adopt to protect their legitimacy. The findings shed light on the need to evaluate the credibility of accountability mechanisms and can help stakeholders to develop a more critical view of the president’s letter. Originality/value This paper makes a contribution to research on communication issues by expanding literature on accounting and organizational storytelling. By demonstrating how presidents use sensegiving as a means of legitimacy-claiming, this study adds to the literature on legitimating accounts. In doing so, this paper bridges the gap between theories about organizational legitimacy, storytelling and IM. To sum up, the findings serve as an incremental step toward understanding the nature of accountability reporting.
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I.P., Borkovska, and Karachun Yu.H. "ENCOURAGING STRUCTURES OF ENGLISH CONFIDENTIAL LETTERS." South archive (philological sciences), no. 85 (April 12, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-85-11.
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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to identify the main types of encouraging constructions in English letters of confidentiality.Methods. Both general scientific methods and linguistic methods are used in the work. The research is methodologically based on analysis, descriptive method, continuous selection, definitional, semantic and syntactic analysis.Results. A confidential letter as a text version of the sub-style of commercial correspondence within the official business functional style is interpreted as a regulated type of business letters, which has both specific and general features, due to the affiliation of genre groups to one functional style. It is characterized by certain language features; stability of stylistic devices of the genre, its form provides the communicative properties of the document, which are manifested in the composition and architectonics. The text of the confidential letter provides information about the reason for writing the letter, states the need to ensure the confidentiality of information related to the contract, regulates specific mechanisms of cooperation between partners in the use and disposal of classified information. Since the main purpose of such a letter is to force the recipient to perform certain actions, a confidential letter contains many constructions with a motivating value. Encouraging constructions in the texts of business letters are diverse in their semantics, among which the most frequent constructions express directives.The directive is implemented in the form of three types, which are classified by the degree of categoricalness: the actual directive (with the maximum degree of expression of categoricalness); directive-instruction (the degree of categoricalness decreases); directive-request (categoricalness is minimal, but the directive remains). Typical language formulas are presented, which help to classify these types of speech.Conclusions. Therefore, a confidential letter refers to regulated letters, the purpose of which is to establish the procedure for the use of confidential information. To do this, the addressee uses encouraging constructions, diverse in their semantics, among which constructions that express directives stand out.Key words: business letter, genre, modal verbs, confidentiality, directives. Мета. Мета цієї статті – виявити основні типи cпонукальних конструкцій в англомовних конфіденційних листах.Методи. У роботі використано як загальнонаукові методи, а саме: аналізу, описовий метод, суцільного вибирання, так і лінгвістичні методи: дефініційний, семантичний та синтаксичний аналізи.Результати. У процесі дослідження доведено, що діловий лист виокремлюється як жанр, який має критерії, що характерні будь-якому жанру, а саме: текстовий варіант ділового листа має свою назву завдяки наявності формуляру, який і відповідає назві цього документа; ділові листи оформлюються з урахуванням чітких вимог до композиції, що співвідноситься з жанро-вою формою; сюжет, що представлений у тексті листа, наповнений мовними етикетними формулами; діловий лист має обсяг, який відповідає типу листа; жанрова група ділових листів представлена різними текстами-варіантами.Конфіденційний лист належить до регламентованих листів зі своїм набором реквізитів, архітектонікою і композицією. Текстова частина дає інформацію про привід складання листа, констатує необхідність забезпечення конфіденційності відо-мостей, пов’язаних із договором, регулює конкретні механізми співпраці партнерів під час користування і розпорядження секретною інформацією. Оскільки основна мета такого листа – змусити адресата виконати певні дії, конфіденційний лист міс-тить значну кількість конструкцій зі спонукальним значенням. Спонукальні конструкції в текстах ділових листів різноманітні за своєю семантикою, які можуть виражати розпорядження, прохання, пропозиції. Розпорядження реалізуються у вигляді трьох типів, які прокласифіковано за ступенем категоричності: власне-розпорядження (з максимальним ступенем вираження категоричності); розпорядження-інструкція (ступінь категоричності знижується); розпорядження-прохання (категоричність мінімальна, але директивність зберігається).Представлено типові мовні формули, які допомагають класифікувати зазначені типи мовлення. Типова мовна формула для першого типу мовлення, а саме власне-розпорядження, акцентує увагу на тому, що суб’єкт повинен здійснити певні дії, необхідні для досягнення результату. Ефективність виконання розпорядження визначається правильно поставленою метою адресантом та адекватним вибором мовних засобів, серед яких превалюють модальні дієслова will, must, shall. Розпоряджен-ня-інструкція належить до другого типу розпоряджень, коли ступінь категоричності в повідомленні знижується. Такий тип розпорядження означає висловлювання вимоги щодо правил і необхідних умов типових дій у тій чи іншій ситуації. Розпоря-дження-прохання реалізує комунікативну мету адресанта змусити адресата підписати лист або зробити заключні дії, необхідні для підписання контракту.Висновки. Отже, конфіденційний лист належить до регламентованих листів, текст яких розвивається в певну жанрову форму і реалізує мовний задум адресанта встановити порядок використання конфіденційної інформації. Конфіденційний лист як текстовий варіант жанру ділового листа містить спонукальні конструкції, які характеризуються різноманітністю мовних засобів вираження.Ключові слова: діловий лист, жанр, модальне дієслово, конфіденційність, розпорядження.
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Penrose, J. M. "A Qualitative Comparison of Three Microcomputer Business Letter Libraries." Journal of Business Communication 23, no. 2 (1986): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002194368602300203.
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Gasparetti, F., A. Micarelli, and F. Sciarrone. "A web-based training system for business letter writing." Knowledge-Based Systems 22, no. 4 (2009): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2009.01.005.
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Hoffman, Andrew J. "The Pope's Encyclical Letter and Its Implications for Business." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 57, no. 6 (2015): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2015.1089138.
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Qian, David D., and Mingwei Pan. "Politeness in Business Communication: Investigating English Modal Sequences in Chinese Learners’ Letter Writing." RELC Journal 50, no. 1 (2017): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688217730142.
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Politeness has been a source of inspiration for research in pragmatics and inter- and intra-cultural communication. However, the existing literature focusses more on how politeness is realized in the context of first language use. Few studies have investigated the issue related to the use of English by second language learners from varying subcultures within the same cultural tradition. The present study examines how Hong Kong and Shanghai tertiary-level learners of English convey politeness in their business letter writing, as reflected in the use of modal sequences. Three hundred business letters were collected from students in Hong Kong and another 300 from students in Shanghai. Majoring in various disciplines, these students were all in their final year of study, and their English proficiency level was generally scored at B2, as compared with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Following a mixed-methods approach, the study tracked a rather complex distribution of politeness realizations by different modal sequences. The findings were that Hong Kong ESL learners appeared to be more strategic users of modal sequences as evidenced by a variety of usage examples from the two purpose-built learner corpora, which were developed to monitor and compare English learners’ business writing at the tertiary level. Another finding was that epistemic modality tended to better preserve politeness in the writing.
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Quible, Zane K. "Impact of Error Labeling on Error Elimination in Business Writing." Business Communication Quarterly 69, no. 1 (2006): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1080569905285597.
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This article reports a quasi-experimental study of how error labeling in remediation exercises affects students’ writing performance. Students in five sections of a course in written business communication composed the control group, whereas students in two sections composed the treatment group. On the first letter each group wrote early in the semester—before the treatment group began error labeling in remediation exercises—no significant differences were found in the writing performance of both groups. However, on their last letter written late in the semester, studentsin the treatment group significantly reduced the number of sentence-level errors they made, compared to students in the control group. The improved writing performance of the treatment group is attributed to error labeling in conjunction with error correction in the remediation exercises.
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Mehrotra, Raja Ram. "English in private letters in India." English Today 18, no. 4 (2002): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078402004066.
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Some aspects of a corpus of personal correspondence.English as used in business letters, job applications and different types of bureaucratic communication in India has become more or less standardized and is not much different from the language of similar letters written elsewhere in the English-speaking world. But this is not the case with private letters, which are intimate, informal and often lax. Since a personal letter is written to a friend, spouse or relative, the writer comes out with his/her ‘real self’ in the use of language. It may therefore be taken as an authentic indication of the extent to which one is proficient in English and also the extent to which nativised features of English in this specific genre are attributable to native socio-cultural factors.