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Schwartz, Eva-Maria. "Einsatz von Empfehlungssystemen bei „Business on Demand“." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-142814.
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Schwartz, Eva-Maria. "Einsatz von Empfehlungssystemen bei „Business on Demand“." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28018.
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Gray, Obra L. "Supply and demand for business education in naval aviation." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10032.
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MBA Professional Report<br>In light of the Navy's transformation plan, advanced business education is increasing in importance. As part of the Navy's Sea Power 21 strategy, Sea Enterprise encourages Naval Aviation to steer historical management practices towards better business practices. As pilots and Naval Flight Officers evolve from Mission Commander to Commanding Officer, they must be equipped with requisite business skill sets to engage the challenge of balancing aircraft modernization with current readiness. This project analyzes the supply and demand for postgraduate business education to determine how prepared Naval Aviation is to achieve long-term transformation objectives. The results show that 25 percent of all aviation officers (O-1 to O- 6) have a graduate business degree; 17 percent of Commanding Officers with advanced degrees have a business specialization; and 2.5 percent of aviation officer billets require a postgraduate business degree. Recommendations to better prepare the aviation community for the Sea Enterprise environment include: (1) Early emphasis of graduate business education, (2) Promote advanced business education as a major career milestone, (3) Tie first shore tour assignments to graduate business education, and (4) Increase the overall billet requirement for advanced business degrees. These improvements may greatly enhance the Navy's efforts towards achieving its transformation goals.
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Mericle, David. "Income Risk and Aggregate Demand over the Business Cycle." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10216.
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This dissertation consists of three essays on income risk and aggregate demand over the business cycle, each addressing an aspect of the Great Recession. The first chapter reframes the standard liquidity trap model to illustrate the costly feedback loop between idiosyncratic risk and aggregate demand. I first show that a liquidity trap can result from excess demand for precautionary savings in times of high uncertainty. Second, I show that the output and welfare costs of the ensuing recession depend crucially on how the drop in demand for output is translated into a reduction in demand for labor. Increased unemployment risk compounds the original rise in idiosyncratic productivity risk and reinforces precautionary motives, deepening the recession. Third, I show that increasing social insurance can raise output and welfare at the zero bound. I decompose these effects to distinguish the component unique to the liquidity trap environment and show that social insurance is most effective at the zero bound when it targets the type of idiosyncratic risk households face, which in turns depends on the labor market adjustment mechanism. The second paper offers a novel model of the connection between the consumer credit and home mortgage markets through an individual’s credit history. This paper introduces a novel justification for the home mortgage interest deduction. In an economy with both housing assets and consumer credit, the mortgage interest deduction is modeled as a subsidy for the accumulation of collateralizable assets by households who have maintained good credit. As such, the subsidy loosens participation constraints and facilitates risk-sharing. Empirical evidence and a calibration exercise reveal that the subsidy has a sizable
impact on the availability of credit. The third paper assesses the role of policy uncertainty in the Great Recession. The Great Recession features substantial geographic variation in employment losses, a fact that is often presented as a challenge to uncertainty-based models of the downturn. In this paper we show that there is a substantial correlation between the distribution of employment losses and the increases in local measures of both economic and policy uncertainty. This relationship is robust across a wide range of measures.<br>Economics
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Arora, Neeraj. "A hierarchical model to study primary demand." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1277406634.
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Zhou, Weihua. "Optimal operation policies with heterogeneous demand /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202007%20ZHOU.
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Rhee, Zusun. "Two essays on slotting allowances under demand uncertainty." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273591737.
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Hamwi, Michael. "Understanding and analysing business models in the context of energy transition. Proposition of the DRBMC (Demand Response Business Model Canvas) to design new entrepreneur's business model in “Demand Response” markets." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0114/document.
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L'accumulation de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère, produite par des activités anthropiques notamment dans le secteur de l’énergie est une des causes principales du changement climatique. Par conséquent, réaliser une véritable transition énergétique par une décarbonisation des réseaux électriques est devenue un besoin urgent pour atténuer les effets du réchauffement climatique. Dans cette transition, l’introduction des énergies renouvelables a été initiée depuis plusieurs années, principalement en raison de la participation de nouveaux acteurs à ce marché. Aujourd’hui, l’un des grands défis est de maintenir l’équilibre et la sécurité du réseau électrique en tenant compte de la diversité et de la variabilité des ressources énergétiques renouvelables connectées au réseau. L’une des approches permettant de régler ce problème et d’accroître la flexibilité du réseau électrique par ce que l’on désigne comme la Réponse à la Demande (RD). Cette thèse examine précisément ces nouvelles approches et montre l’intérêt de repenser les relations entre les différentes partie-prenantes pour faire émerger des nouveaux modèles d’affaires afin de déployer de nouvelles innovations au service de la transition énergétique. La méthodologie de recherche mise en œuvre de cette thèse consiste en une revue systématique de la littérature et une étude des données empiriques de 15 jeunes entreprises européennes du secteur de l’énergie. En conséquence, la thèse fournit à la communauté de la recherche (1) une méthode de classification pour catégoriser les différents modèles d’affaires de l’énergie (MAEs) et présente une première synthèse des MAE identifiés dans la littérature; (2) un cadre d’analyse des start-ups dans le secteur de l’énergie, complété par l’analyse de 15 start-ups de ce domaine; (3) un outil conceptuel pour l'innovation en matière de RD, appelé Canevas de Modèle d'Affaires de Réponse de Demande (CMARD), qui comprend 12 éléments interreliés. Ce canevas vise à évaluer les activités des offres de RD et à soutenir l'émergence de nouveau modèles d'affaires de RD. Ces résultats permettent de proposer un cadre analytique simplifié des pratiques existantes et peuvent également aider des entrepreneurs ou décideurs à explorer et concevoir de nouvelles offres sur le marché de la réponse à la demande<br>The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, produced by human activities in the energy sector is one of the main causes of climate change. Therefore, the decarbonization of power systems has become an urgent need the mitigate to the effects of climate change and achieve the energy transition. The share of renewable energy technologies has been increasing mainly due to the participation of new market players. Today, however, one of the great challenges is to maintain the electricity system’s balance and security despite the large amount of renewable energy resources connected to the grid. One of the approaches to deal with this issue and to increase power system flexibility is the Demand Response (DR). Moreover, scholars argue that business model innovation can act as an energy transition driver. This thesis examines business model innovations in the context of the energy transition by investigating emerging start-up business models. The implemented research methodology in this thesis consists of a systematic literature review and an investigation of empirical data of 15 European energy start-ups. As a result, the thesis provides the research community with (1) a grouping method to classify different Energy Business Models (EBMs) and an initial synthesis of the EBMs identified in the literature; (2) a framework to analyse start-ups in the energy sector, completed with the analysis of 15 energy start-ups; (3) and a conceptual tool for DR innovation, named as the Demand Response Business Model Canvas (DRBMC), which includes 12 interrelated elements. This canvas aims at evaluating DR activities and supporting the emergence of new DR business models. These results can also help entrepreneurs explore new demand response market opportunities, enabling a better understanding and providing a simplified analytic framework of existing business practices
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Jiang, Sida. "Modelling demand for high speed rail in Sweden. : Business trips." Thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48031.
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Recently conducted revealed preference and stated choice surveys in Sweden have extended data availability for travel demand modelling. Refined models with destination and mode choice are herein developed mainly for the long-distance business-trip market in Sweden. With focus on the nonlinearity of crucial variables and the underlying pattern of unobserved correlation, general Box-Cox transformations as well as nested logit formulation together with other data techniques are employed. Finally, the model with best goodness of fit is recommended for the high-speed train (HST) prediction. The main findings implicate multiple impressive impacts of HST on the business trip market, as well as instructive and practical hints on the blueprint of business trip market in the long term.
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Jonsson, Mattias. "The business value of demand response for balance responsible parties." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-223803.
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By using IT-solutions, the flexibility on the demand side in the electrical systems could be increased. This is called demand response and is part of the larger concept called smart grids. Previous work in this area has concerned the utilization of demand response by grid owners. In this thesis the focus will instead be shifted towards the electrical companies that have balance responsibility, and how they could use demand response in order to make profits. By investigating electrical appliances in hourly measured households, the business value from decreasing electrical companies’ power imbalances has been quantified. By an iterative simulation scheme an optimal value was found to be 977 SEK/year and appliance. It could however be shown that the value became larger for energy inefficient households, and that such consumers’ participation in a demand response market would be prioritized ahead of other measures like isolating walls is rather unlikely. Thermal appliance whose load depend on the outdoor temperature are less valuable for demand response during the summer months, and the annual value would increase if less seasonally dependent appliances were used. Additionally, by increasing the market price amplitudes and the imbalance price volatility, it could be shown that the potential for such demand response markets is larger in e.g. the Netherlands and Germany.
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Sanders, Nada R. "Forecasting short term demand in the physical distribution environment /." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262198594.
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Mayhew, Brian William 1967. "Reputation building and the demand for auditing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289400.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the role auditor reputation plays in the demand and supply of audits and to examine the process by which an auditor builds a reputation for audit quality. The goal is to begin to develop a comprehensive theory of the demand for auditing and the incentives this demand creates for the supply of audits. Scott (1984) cites a lack of theory capturing the precise nature of the auditor's contribution to a production and exchange economy. This paper uses an experimental economy and related model to examine the role of an auditor's reputation for delivering high quality audits in such a multiple period economy. A theory of the demand and supply of audits is necessary to help assess the need for regulation of the audit market. The need for regulation in existing audit markets has been questioned by some members of the auditing profession (Arthur Andersen, et. al. 1992). In response, experimental economic markets (EEM) research has examined different regulatory regimes (Dopuch and King 1992, Dopuch et. al., 1994). However, this research has not examined whether reputation can serve as a substitute for regulation in motivating the supply of high quality audits. Existing EEM research has provided some evidence of reputation effects in general (DeJong, et. al., 1985, Dopuch and King 1991) but has produced limited evidence of auditor reputation. Unlike prior EEM research, this paper explicitly examines auditor reputation. Three different experimental treatments were used to test the derived model: one treatment with robot investors and two treatments with human investors. The robot investor replications produced strong support for an auditor reputation model. Two of six human investor replications supported an auditor reputation model while the other four collapsed into markets for lemons. The markets suggest that the managers' demand for audit quality drove the level of audit quality supplied by auditors. When the managers did not demand and auditors did not supply high quality audits, the markets collapsed.
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Nosier, Shereen Adel Hassan. "Estimating the international tourism demand for Egypt : 'an econometric approach'." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6861.
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The thesis aims to identify the main factors that significantly affect tourism demand for Egypt. Both time series data and panel data are used to model and forecast tourism demand for Egypt from all origins, as well as three individual regions of origin, including Europe, Arab and the Americas. The methodological and econometric approaches introduced in this thesis proceed from the simple to the more complex structure to obtain more reliable estimation. First, we estimate tourism demand for Egypt using the co-integration and error correction (CI/ECM) approach based on a single equation, followed by using a system of equations approach over the period 1970-2009. All the estimated econometric methods, in addition to two univariate time series methods, are used to generate ex-post forecasting for all the models over the period 2005-2009. The preferred method is used in producing ex-ante forecasting of future tourism demand for Egypt for the period 2010-2014. Panel co-integration techniques are also used to estimate tourism demand models over the period 1980-2009. Finally, the causality relationship between tourism demand and its economic determinants is estimated based on panel data analysis, which may provide more guidance for policy makers in Egypt. The results indicate that tourism demand for Egypt is found to be co-integrated with its fundamental determinants at the 1% significance level, with a high adjustment speed toward the steady state equilibrium. The importance of long-run income for all tourists from different nationalities is affirmed; with an elastic demand for non-Arab tourists. Price is also an important determinant, with a different effect in each originating region. It takes less than unity value for all tourists, except the Arab. Tunisia is found to be the most significant alternative to Egypt, with a complementary effect for Europe and the Americas tourists, but substitutability effect for Arab tourists. Hotel capacity is a significant and positive factor for all nationalities, except the Americas. Globalization is important in all models; it has a positive effect for all non-Arab nationalities. Political instability has a significant and negative effect, with the most effect on the Americas. All the determinants Granger cause tourist arrivals in the long run, but globalization and hotel capacity are of great importance with a bidirectional effect with tourist arrivals. Ex-post forecasting results show that the CI/ECMs outperform the other time series methods and produce highly accurate forecasts. The number of arrivals and nights from all origin markets is likely to increase in absolute terms (2010-2014), but with slower growth than recent trend.
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Ewouba-Biteghe, Benjamin Simplice. "Strategic innovation of business models by leveraging demand and supply chains in dynamics ecosystems." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1841.
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Borggrén-Franck, Emma. "Evaluation of a business idea Analysis of the business chance of success regarding market demand and profitability." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118755.
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Hersey, J. Michael Rowlett James M. Thompson Shannon P. "Forecasting the demand of the F414-GE-400 at NAS Lemoore." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FHersey%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008."<br>Advisor(s): Ferrer, Geraldo ; Apte, Aruna U. "December 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available in print.
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Lee, Hwang-Jaw. "Nonparametric and parametric analyses of food demand in the United States /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487685204967625.
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Lundqvist, Magnus. "Information Demand and Use : Improving Information Flow within Small-scale Business Contexts." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9666.
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Donnelly, C. M. T. "Business location decisions and the management of transport demand in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445057.
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Hindle, Robert Dennis. "The business cycle, demand for construction and appropriate selling methods for contractors." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/32016.
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This dissertation is a record of research into two distinct areas that are brought together to test the primary hypothesis. These two areas are; the general business cycle and its effects of the performance of construction companies and the methods by which general contractors in the building industry, are able to market and sell their services or products. In part one, it is shown that there is a relationship between the business cycle and the demand for construction. The latter expands and contracts in sympathy with the cycle. The effects of the changes in the level of demand for buildings are analyzed and fully described, resulting in a model· which can be used to determine the sequence of effects for each phase of the business cycles. In part two, the methods by which contractors are selected and sell their service or product are analyzed and compared. The usage of each system is measured and it is found that change has occurred, the reasons for such change are investigated in order to gain an insight into potential future developments. This has been done in a way that is intended to strip the subject of it's mystique and confusion of terminology by the application of basic economic and marketing principles. New and improved terminology is suggested. The findings show that construction contractors can choose from a variety of 'selling systems'. These systems will provide competitive advantage to those who are able to predict the likely turning points of the business cycle and use those 'selling systems' that are appropriate to specific stages of the business cycle. The research was conducted by finding, analyzing and interpreting various time series data, by surveying architects quantity surveyors and contractors for facts and figures that were not available elsewhere, and by conducting a through survey of published books, articles and research papers.
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Li, Yongquan. "Demand information in supply chain manangement [i.e. management] /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202008%20LIY.
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Edwards, Yancy Donald. "Identifying poorly met demand : the impact of product beliefs on attribute importance /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148640295719784.
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DICKHUT, LENA. "BUSINESS CASE DEVELOPMENT : CATEGORIZATION AND CHALLENGES." Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199203.
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Every new product launching industrial company faces the difficulties of forecasting future success or failure of a new product before launch. Before launch it is common to develop a business case in order to estimate future quantities and set prices. In the present paper the challenges of developing a standardized business case tool for a large industrial construction and mining company are presented. Few academic studies have been conducted on the challenges and complexities of developing business cases. The research question under which this study is done is: What are the challenges associated with developing an effective standardized business case tool for a large industrial construction and mining company? Due to the different subject areas of the business case for new product launch, the challenges are categorized by topics developed by the researcher in the course of this project: process and team, data gathering and validation, quantity forecast and price forecast. The main challenges found in these categories by the researcher are: finding and motivating experts for the project of developing a standardized business case, gathering and selecting all data necessary without including redundant data, ensuring that different potential new products can be forecasted and designing the price forecast to be profit-maximizing. Solutions to these challenges are provided in the context of a case company by using methods suggested by the academic literature and the evaluation of expert interviews inside the case company
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Taaffe, Kevin Michael. "Models for optimal utilization of production resources under demand selection flexibility." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005703.
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Hassler, John A. A. (John Aake Arne). "Effects of variations in risk on demand and measures of business cycle comovements : three essays about the business cycle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11970.
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Dhumal, Parag R. "Supply chains with bi-level demand : analyzing the impact of inventory policies /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1197406635.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2007.<br>Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Manufacturing Management." Bibliography: leaves 128-134.
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Teichmann, Gunter, Heiko Hoffmann, Martin Engelien, Elke Eichenberg, and Diana Ruth. "Software on Demand (SWoD) 2.0 – Bedarfsgerechte Software für die Zusammenarbeit in Business Communities." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-141061.
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Teichmann, Gunter, Heiko Hoffmann, Martin Engelien, Elke Eichenberg, and Diana Ruth. "Software on Demand (SWoD) 2.0 – Bedarfsgerechte Software für die Zusammenarbeit in Business Communities." Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27931.
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Ozkaya, Evren. "Demand management in global supply chains." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26617.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Keskinocak, Pinar; Committee Co-Chair: Vande Vate, John; Committee Member: Ferguson, Mark; Committee Member: Griffin, Paul; Committee Member: Swann, Julie. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Erlandsson, Vilhelm, and Erik Åkerblom. "Demand for Transportationin Circular Businesses : A System Dynamic approach." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300178.
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One of the largest challenges’ mankind is currently facing has been recognized to be climate change. Moving towards climate neutrality, decoupling economic growth from resource use, and at the same time ensuring long-term competitiveness becomes highly important. A possible path to decrease our impact on the environment is to switch from linear to circular material flows, which is today referred to as a circular economy. In a circular economy, assets that are being reused will induce a demand for transportation. Understanding how the transportation demand could be affected is important, since the sector is widely known through its environmental impact causing impaired life expectancy in many parts of the world. This study examines therefore variables in circular businesses that could affect transportation demand both directly and indirectly. These variables have been identified by interviewing eight businesses that employ repair & reuse configurations in a circular context. The study concludes that transportation could be affected in numerous ways, depending on the system's future development. If the current linear paradigm still governs the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), it will be hard to increase the amount of viable products circulating in the system. The current paradigm has been recognized to be a large barrier due to the high uncertainty of OEMs continuance in a transition to a circular economy. If OEM collaboration could be increased extensively, the system could increase its growth. Further, customer behaviour has also been identified to be a driver for both increasing and decreasing transportation in the system. Increasing the amount of viable products circulating in a circular system comes naturally, as the trade-off in Co2-emissions between increased transportation and newly produced products is prominent. Having such a holistic view argues for the implementation, but the system still has implications regarding sustainability. As the trade-off is continuously made, demand for transportation will be increasing as the system grows. Looking at this from the perspective of the transportation industry, such implementation could make it harder to decrease its Co2-emissions with 70% by 2030, which is the goal set by the Swedish government.<br>De pågående klimatförändringarna är en av vår tids största utmaningar. Att minska resursanvändningen och samtidigt bibehålla samhällets ekonomiska tillväxt ses därför som väsentligt för att nå ökad klimatneutralitet. Till följd av detta har den cirkulära ekonomin utvecklats där linjära produktflöden ersätts av cirkulära. Skiftet till cirkulära flöden kommer troligen bidra till ett nytt transportbehov då produkter i större utsträckning byter användare. Att förstå och kunna redogöra hur det uppkomna transportbehovet ser ut är av betydelse då transportsektorn i sig utgör en stor utmaning i arbetet med att minska den totala klimatpåverkan. Denna studie ämnar därför att studera åtta cirkulära företag och dess verksamheter för att identifiera centrala variabler som har en direkt eller indirekt påverkan på behovet av transporter. Studien visar på att transportbehovet kan tänkas påverkas på olika sätt beroende hur det cirkulära systemet utvecklas framöver. Om det linjära paradigmet fortsätter att gynna originaltillverkare, tillika produkttillverkare, kommer det bli svårt för det cirkulära systemet att uppnå några betydande volymer. Det linjära systemet har identifierats vara en barriär då det förblir osäkert till vilken grad produkttillverkare är redo att bidra till de nya cirkulära flödena. Om tillverkare blir mer öppna och möjliggör för externa aktörer att reparera och hantera deras produkter så spås de cirkulära flödena öka. Vidare så har kundbeteende identifierats som en drivande faktor som både kan leda till en ökad och minskad mängd transporter inom det cirkulära systemet. Att öka mängden cirkulerande produkter kommer naturligt eftersom utsläppsnyttan är betydande vid jämförelse av ökade transporter och nytillverkning av produkter. Helhetsperspektivet argumenterar således för att öka cirkulära produktflöden. En ökad mängd cirkulära produkter kan dock innebära stora utmaningar för transportsektorn och dess förmåga att nå de uppsatta klimatmålen.
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He, Zhaochen. "On the Existence of a Behavioral Component to the Business Cycle." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104387.
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Thesis advisor: Donald Cox<br>This dissertation consists of two essays which address the origins of the business cycle. In particular, it asks: to what extent do behavioral or psychological effects, famously termed "animal spirits" by John Maynard Keynes, contribute to the amplification of business cycle fluctuations. The first essay, titled "The Labor Market Effects of Bad Economic News", examines the effects of economically pessimistic newspaper articles on hiring and employment patterns. Combining information on newspaper subscriptions with automated content analysis of newspaper articles, the paper reconstructs the flow of pessimistic news across the United States during the past recession on a county-by-county, quarter-by-quarter basis. This high resolution map of pessimistic news delivery is then used to estimate the causal impact of media pessimism on labor market outcomes. Exposure to negative news is found to suppress hiring and total employment during the early stages of the recession by up to 40% compared to pre-recession levels; overall, media pessimism can account for some 7% of jobs lost between 2007 and 2010. Further analysis of Google search data suggests that this contractionary effect is mediated by changes in public attitude caused by exposure to pessimistic stories in the media. Importantly, this study considers only articles which report negative news about the state of the national economy, rather than stories which focus on local events. It argues that the prevalence of such news stories affects local labor market conditions, but is unlikely to be affected by such conditions. This approach helps to address the simultaneity issues which have dogged previous research on the topic. The second essay, titled "Uncertainty and Risk Averse Firms in DSGE" a develops theoretical framework to rationalize the previous paper's empirical results. This paper solves a simple general equilibrium model in which firms are risk averse over future profits in a manner analogous to household risk aversion. It shows that response to increased economic uncertainty - particularly uncertainty with regards to future consumer demand, economies with risk averse firms are likely to undergo a business cycle contraction. This result also addresses a long standing problem in the RBC literature; namely, how to generate a contraction with a Keynesian demand side shock. In most models with risk averse utility-maximizing households, a reduction in aggregate demand due to consumer-side changes is expansionary. The paper argues that by introducing firm-side risk aversion into the model, this counter-intuitive behavior can be corrected in a realistic and parsimonious manner<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics
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Huang, Shuo. "Growth, unemployment, and business cycle integration : empirical evidence from China." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5673.
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This thesis aims to study the macroeconomic performance of China. China has been experiencing rapid economic growth and it has been changing gradually from a planned to a market economy since it initiated the well known “open door policy” combined with a “coastal development strategy” in 1978. However, rapid growth has occurred on the background of increasing regional disparity. Meanwhile, unemployment has increased significantly during last two decades, and has become one of the most pressing problems of the Chinese economy today. Moreover, another major challenge facing the Chinese economy is how to deal with various shocks, and to ensure the sustainability and balance of economic growth in the face of the increasing economic uncertainties associated with its deep reform and integration into the world trade and financial system. Based on the above concerns and literature review, this study, firstly, uses an augmented Solow-Swan model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) to assess the role FDI plays in underlying regional differences in economic growth across Chinese provinces over the reform period 1978-2008. My analysis indicates that the augmented Solow growth model appears to provide a good description of regional growth patterns in China over the period 1978-2008 and the data display conditional convergence. After controlling for FDI and other determinants of growth, provinces that were initially poor tend to grow faster and the evidence in favour of conditional convergence becomes even stronger after splitting the data into subsamples. I then focus on the study of the relationship between unemployment and growth at both national level and regional level in order to find out how unemployment affects China’s economic growth and economic reform progress overall. I find that Okun’s relationship does not hold in China universally and, furthermore, the nature of the observed relationship has changed during the transition progress. I argue that there are hump shaped relationships both between growth and unemployment and between the speed of transition and unemployment in China. The results are consistent with several theoretical and empirical studies in the literature. Finally, structural VAR methodology pioneered by Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1993) is used to identify and decompose supply and demand shocks to two variables, (the log of) output (annual real GDP) and (the log of) prices (annual GDP deflator). I then compute and discuss the correlation of such shocks across provinces and show how it has evolved over the four main sub-periods of China’s history. Moreover, I investigate which factors contribute to economic integration or divergence in the Chinese economy.
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Langella, Ian M. "Planning demand-driven disassembly for remanufacturing." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/526943912.pdf.
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Bengtsson, Lina, and Desirée Valler. "Demand management : Preferred options from the customer’s point of view regarding the rural hotel industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19259.
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Master thesis in marketing written in spring 2012 at the LinnæusUniversity, Växjö, Sweden. Authors: Lina Bengtsson and Desirée Valler Examiner: Professor Mosad Zineldin Tutor: Professor Anders Pehrsson Title: Demand management - Preferred options from the customer’s point of view regarding the rural hotel industry Introduction: If demand and capacity is not in line, dissatisfaction can occur among the customers. In these cases demand can be managed by demand management options in order for it to reach the wanted level. Purpose: The purpose is to identify which demand management options (DMO) that rural hotels customers’ finds significant in order to affect their usage of the service, hence, to change their demand. Delimitations: The delimitations of this paper are automation, substitute services and sales promotion, as these areas will not be handled in this paper. Methodology: This study will be approached by the deductive point of view. Further the methods to gather empirical information will be both a quantitative approached in the shape of a survey and a qualitative approach in the shape of a focus group. Conclusions: Price is of importance for rural hotels, but they could also use service differentials, which can be a winning concept. The DMO of overbooking is not as successful as the customers perceive it as something negative. Promotion can increase the demand but should be used together with other DMOs, hotels should although be careful so no negative WOM starts spreading. A negative WOM could occur if the hotel segments their customers wrongly. Suggestion for further research: Is to investigate to which degree the recommended DMOs affects the demand within rural hotel industry by practically measuring it. Further, if these DMOs also should be implemented by downtown hotels can be a ground for future research.
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Good, Nicholas Paul. "Techno-economic assessment of flexible demand." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/technoeconomic-assessment-of-flexible-demand(39812524-29ef-4746-a813-84112fc1bcac).html.
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Over recent years, political, technological, environmental and economic factors have combined to increase interest in distributed energy resources (DER), and flexibility in the power system. As a resource which is both distributed and flexible, flexible demand (FD) can be considered to be particularly of interest. However, due to many facets of its nature, understanding the available flexibility, and potential value of that flexibility, is difficult. Further, understanding the effects of FD exploitation on other multi-energy system actors, given the complex nature of modern liberalised energy systems, complicates the picture further. These factors form material obstructions to the assessment of FD, for example, for the construction of business cases. To address these gaps this thesis first assesses the nature and value of various applicable current and potential markets and charging/incentive regimes, before detailing a novel multi-energy domestic demand simulation model, capable of modelling, in detail, domestic FD resources. Subsequently, a multi-commodity stochastic energy/reserve optimisation model, capable of modelling various DERs and taking into account price signals related to various energy-related commodities and services (including user utility) is specified. The separation of price components for application at different aggregation levels, which is applied in the optimisation model, also informs the described value mapping methodology, which illustrates the impacts of any, particularly demand-side, intervention on the wider multi-energy system. The power of the above detailed contributions are demonstrated through various studies, which show the physical and economic impact of various demand side interventions and of greater market participation by FD resources.
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Lambert, Quentin. "Business Models for an Aggregator : Is an Aggregator economically sustainable on Gotland?" Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98482.
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Under the determined impulse of the European Union to limit the environmental impact of energy-related services, the electricity sector will face several challenges in coming years. Integrating renewable energy sources in the distribution networks is certainly one of the most urging issues to be tackled with. The current grid and production structure cannot absorb the high penetration shares anticipated for 2020 without putting at risk the entire system. The innovative concept of smart grid offers promising solutions and interesting implementation possibilities. The objective of the thesis is to specifically study the technical and economic benefits that the creation of an aggregator on the Swedish island of Gotland would imply. Comparing Gotland's power system characteristics to the broad variety of solutions offered by demand side management, wind power integration enhancement by demand response appeared particularly suited. A business case, specifically oriented towards the minimisation of transmission losses by adapting the electric heat load of private households to the local wind production was designed. Numerical simulations have been conducted, evaluating the technical and economic outcomes, along with the environmental benets, under the current conditions on Gotland. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to determine the key parameters for a successful implementation. A prospective scenario for 2020, with the addition of electric vehicles, has finally been simulated to estimate the long term profitability of an aggregator on the island. The simulation results indicate that despite patent technical benefits for the distribution network, the studied service would not be profitable in the current situation on Gotland. This, because the transmission losses through the HVDC-cable concern limited amounts of power that are purchased on a market characterized by relatively cheap prices and low volatility. Besides, the high fixed costs the aggregator has to face to install technical equipment in every household constitutes another barrier to its setting up.
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Klotz, Jared Lee. "Foraging for Demand: Applying Optimal Foraging Theory to Decisions in a Simulated Business Context." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1053.
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Charnov's (1976) marginal value theorem has had success in predicting that animals will optimize net rate of gain when foraging in a patchy environment. The present study attempts to apply the marginal value theorem (MVT) to human behavior in a business setting in 3 Experiments. Businesses also attempt to optimize net rate of gain when choosing to discontinue one product in lieu of another using a product life cycle (PLC). Experiments 1 & 2 attempted to assess human behavior in a business context by varying time necessary to retool and monetary cost of retooling respectively. Experiment 3 attempted to add ecological validity by introducing variability to the PLC. The results of Experiments 1, 2, & 3 indicate that the MVT does not accurately predict human behavior in a business context, though methodological issues may have affected these results. Future research must be conducted in this area.
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Harris, Robert. "The central London office market : a study of the structure of demand." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280452.
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Lacy, Wayne E. "Relationship Between the California Drought and Almond Demand." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4648.
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Areas of California's Central Valley are sinking at rates up to 1 foot per year due to subsidence caused, in part, by the state's years-long drought, challenging growers to locate additional water sources for their crops. Supply and demand theory guided this correlational study. The purpose of the study was to examine the financial impact of drought on almond demand. This study included annualized historical almond industry data for the United States (N = 97), downloaded from a United States Department of Agriculture database. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the model was capable of predicting almond demand, F(3,92) = 483.579, p < .001, R2 = .940. Both supply and price were statistically significant in the final model, with supply (p < .001) accounting for a higher contribution to the model than price (p = .015). Fine effect's contribution (p = .267) to the model was not statistically significant. The results of this study could enable almond industry leaders to increase profit margins through market predictability understanding and mitigate fiscal risks associated with variable labor and groundwater pumping costs. The implications for positive social change include the potential to restore employment opportunities, stabilize migratory worker prospects, and reduce water utilization to preserve natural resources.
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Idiahi, Innocent. "Defining a Formalized Representation for Information Demand." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsområde Informationsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16018.
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Information demand is a part of comprehensive business logistics which encompass logistics of information. The demand for information has provided a unifying framework for different needs on enterprise modeling. Hence, the problems organizations faces relating to flow and distribution has lead to the development of various framework for analyzing information demand and this is guided by a set of rules, methods and even a unified representation. This thesis work defines a specification for enterprise Information Demand Context model using XPDL as the language of construct. The paper gives reasons why XPDL was preferred for such a representation and show how mapping is carried out from the constructs of notations to its associated XPDL specifications, so that when we are defining a representation we are as well defining its meta model. The resulting specification is presented in such a way that it should be able to give a flexible, logical and more defined structure.
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Jou, Inchausti Diego Jose, and Carlos Povoa. "An investigation into demand determinants in portuguese social investment market." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15361.
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Social enterprises may be instrumental to overcome the well-known difficulties of State provision of social welfare services. Considering the impressive movement of social entrepreneurship and innovation witnessed in most European societies, coincident with the decline of economic growth and the rise of unemployment, the idea of a transition from a welfare state to a welfare mix gains interest. For social enterprises to meet the challenge, they need to scale up operations. Moreover, for that purpose they should be able to diversify the finance resources used, instead of relying mainly on subsidies and donations. However, so far not much progress has been made in that direction what led (Daggers & Nicholls, 2016) to identify as a critical research topic: how do social investment markets develop? That research question was investigated in the Portuguese context. Besides a conceptual framework, literature review allowed to identify the factors that currently are believed to determine demand in social investment markets: i) impact; ii) return; iii) double cost issue; iv) financial dead zone; v) investment readiness; vi) ecosystem. Theory development was greatly enhanced from the contacts made with the Project Manager of an ongoing applied research project launched by European Investment Bank Group on a similar topic: “Social Enterprises Access to Finance – An exploration into the constraints around social businesses access to finance in Portugal”. The importance of the research question becomes clear from the fact that, in spite of all the knowledge and attempts, for some reason not yet identified, social investment market does not grow. The investigation revealed that the key to the problem had to be looked in the demand side of the market and that there is reason to believe that social and cultural characteristics of demand agents are being overlooked. This supported the main theoretical proposition: Portuguese social investment market development will be unlikely to occur as expected from current understanding about how the market operates, unless prevailing characteristics of the social and cultural structure of demand agents are also taken into account. The investigation was conducted through case study research. A rival theory was elaborated and study propositions were defined for both main and rival theory. Multiple sources of evidence were collected and from the respective analysis the study propositions of the main theoretical propositions were corroborated. None of the study propositions of the rival theory were corroborated. The conclusion was that initiatives for growth of Portuguese social investment market will have to integrate a factor that so far has been neglected. Indeed, social and cultural characteristics are a determinant a demand that needs to be considered.
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Gravier, Michael J. Farris Martin T. "Supply chain network evolution demand-based drivers of interfirm governance evolution /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3972.
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Setia, Pankaj. "Information technologies as antecedents of demand management agility and supply chain performance." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Business Information Systems, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 31, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-114). Also issued in print.
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Zhou, Qin. "Enhancing creativity in a general work environment : the role of problem-solving demand." Thesis, Aston University, 2008. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10897/.
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Prior research suggests management can employ cognitively demanding job attributes to promote employee creativity. However, it is not clear what specific type of cognitive demand is particularly important for creativity, what processes underpin the relationship between demanding job conditions and creativity and what factors lead to employee perceptions of demanding job attributes. This research sets out to address the aforementioned issues by examining: (i) problem-solving demand (PDS), a specific type of cognitive demand, and the processes that link PSD to creativity, and (ii) antecedents to PSD. Based on social cognitive theory, PSD was hypothesized to be positively related to creativity through the motivational mechanism of creative self-efficacy. However, the relationship between PSD and creative self-efficacy was hypothesized to be contingent on levels of intrinsic motivation. Social information processing perspective and the job crafting model were used to identify antecedents of PSD. Consequently, two social-contextual factors (supervisor developmental feedback and job autonomy) and one individual factor (proactive personality) were hypothesized to be precursors to PSD perceptions. The theorized model was tested with data obtained from a sample of 270 employees and their supervisors from 3 organisations in the People’s Republic of China. Regression results revealed that PSD was positively related to creativity but this relationship was partially mediated by creative self-efficacy. Additionally, intrinsic motivation moderated the relationship between PSD and creative self-efficacy such that the relationship was stronger for individuals high rather than low in intrinsic motivation. The findings represent a productive first step in identifying a specific cognitive demand that is conducive to employee creativity. In addition, the findings contribute to the literature by identifying a psychological mechanism that may link cognitively demanding job attributes and creativity.
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Gunnarsson, David. "Business strategies for the district heating sector in southern Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105731.
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The heat demand in Sweden has stagnated and district heating companies must take action to sustain in the market. Based on this background this study combines a PEST and SWOT analysis to produce a basis to suggest general strategies suitable for district heating companies in southern Sweden. The analysis found that both investments into activities outside of the heating market, as well as further development of current systems, are viable options. Increasing the awareness and knowledge about district heating companies was also identified as a factor that could entail several benefits.
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Arsanjani, Ali. "Grammar-oriented object design : towards dynamically reconfigurable business and software architecture for on-demand computing." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13250.
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Grammar-oriented Object Design was shown to be a potent combination of extending methods, incorporating DSLs from a given business domain (BDSLs) and Variation-oriented Design in order to provide a seamless transition from business models to component-based software architectures. GOOD starts by extending current object modeling techniques to include the discovery and explicit modeling of higher levels of reuse, starting from subsystems, defining their manners using a domain-specific business language, i.e., using use-case gramars, that describe the rules governing the creation, dynamic configuration and collaboration of large-grained, business-process-scale, adaptive software components with pluggable behavior, through the application of architectural patterns and representation of component manners in the BDSL. 1his presents immense potential for applications in the domains of grid services, services on demand and a utility-based model of computing where a business need initiates the convergence of application components based on/from the manners of services they provide and require.
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Shao, Jing. "Strategies for improving business relationships between small U.S. buyers and Chinese suppliers." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007shaoj.pdf.
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Xu, Dongsheng. "Resource allocation among multiple stochastic demand classes in express delivery chains /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202007%20XU.
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Hussein, Siti Almafahaza. "Business and Real Estate Cycles The Kuala Lumpur Office Market." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77472.
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of business cycle and real estate cycle in term of their characteristics, period and sequence of the cycle to the Kuala Lumpur’s office market. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on previous literature review, facts, reports, and data in arriving at the conclusion of the study. Findings - This paper revealed the characteristics, period and sequence between business and real estate cycles to Kuala Lumpur’s office market. Research limitation/ Implications - The framework and flows of this paper act as an introduction for the paper. Lacks of literature and attention on the business and real estate cycles in Kuala Lumpur’s have created difficulties to gains information and data on this paper. Practical implications - This paper is important for the students, government and policy maker in order to further a research and develop a foundation for business and real estate cycles in Kuala Lumpur.
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Kamkwamba, Dasford D. "Analysis of price and income elasticity of demand for fuel products in Malawi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14901.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper examines the price and income elasticity of demand for fuel products
in Malawi. The data have been disaggregated into various sectors, agriculture,
industry, construction, commercial transport, private motor vehicles and
household, in order to fully understand the nature and magnitude of elasticity for
each sector.
Two methods were used - the simple economic method and the correlation
coefficient method.
This research covers a period of 10 years from 1995 to 2004. This period has
been chosen in order to arrive at meaningful conclusions.
The results show that each sector responds to price and income changes
differently. The agricultural sector has been found to be inelastic to both price
and income both in the short and long term. This sector, however, is sensitive to
other factors like drought and currency depreciation.
The industrial sector has been found to be very sensitive to both price and
income changes both in the short and long term. The same trend has also been
established for the construction sector and the commercial transport sector.
In the private motor vehicle sector, petrol-powered private motor vehicles have
been found to be inelastic to price as well as income both in the short and long
term. The reason for this is lack of affordable alternative forms of transport. Tests
for diesel-powered vehicles show very elastic results.
The demand data may have been distorted by the fact that diesel demand for
other equipment than vehicles could not be identified and it has been assumed
that diesel bought at filling stations or reseller points is used by vehicles. There is
evidence that diesel is also used for maize mills and generators.
The household sector has been seen to be very sensitive to price and income
changes. The reason for this is availability of substitutes such as charcoal,
firewood and other forms of biomass fuel that are extensively used in rural areas.
Income sensitivity is purely due to the fact that people in rural areas earn low
income. The conclusions for the household sector are that first the government
should remove the paraffin subsidy as it is not achieving its intended results.
Secondly, the government should establish basic wages and also offer better
prices to the subsistence sector.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die elastisiteit van prys en inkomste in die aanvraag
na brandtstofprodukte in Malawi. Om die aard en omvang van die elastisiteit in
elke sektor ten volle te verstaan, is die data gedesegregeer in verskeie sektore,
naamlik landbou, nywerheid, die boubedryf, handelsvervoer, privaat
motorvoertuie en die huishoudelike sektor. Twee metodes is gebruik: die
eenvoudige ekonomiese metode en die korrelasie-koeffisient-metode.
Hierdie navorsing beslaan 'n tydperk van tien jaar vanaf 1995 tot 2004. Die
tydperk is gekies om sodoende betekenisvolle gevolgtrekkings te kan maak.
Die resultate dui aan dat die sektore verskillend op veranderings in prys en
inkomste reageer. Daar is bevind dat die landbousektor glad nie elasties is nie
wat betref prys sowel as inkomste, sowel op die kort- as langtermyn. Hierdie
sektor is egter sensitief vir ander faktore soos droogte en die depresiasie van die
geldeenheid.
Daar is bevind dat die nywerheidsektor baie sensitief is vir prys-, sowel as
inkomsteveranderings op die kort- en langtermyn. Dieselfde neiging is bevind vir
die bousektor en die handelsvervoersektor.
In die privaat motorsektor is bevind dat petrolaangedrewe motors nie elasties is
nie wat betref prys sowel as inkomste op die kort- sowel as langtermyn. Die rede
hiervoor is die gebrek aan bekostigbare alternatiewe vervoermiddels. Toetse vir
dieselaangedrewe motorvoertuie dui uiters elastiese resultate aan. Die data wat
betref aanvraag kon moontlik verkeerd voorgestel word as gevolg daarvan dat
die dieselaanvraag vir ander toerusting as voertuig nie geidentifiseer word nie.
Daar is veronderstel dat diesel wat by vulstasies en herverkooppunte gekoop is,
vir voertuie gebruik is. Daar is bewyse dat diesel ook vir mieliemeule en
kragopwekkers gebruik word.