Relevant bibliographies by topics / Business Spanish

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Business Spanish'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Business Spanish"

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Rivas, Daniel E., Juan Kattan-Ibarra, and Tim Connell. "Spanish for Business. Beginning; Spanish for Business. Intermediate." Modern Language Journal 69, no. 3 (1985): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328390.

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Voght, Geoffrey M., Juan Kattan-Ibarra, and Tim Connell. "Spanish for Business: Beginning and Spanish for Business: Intermediate." Hispania 69, no. 1 (March 1986): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/341175.

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Rodriguez, Jorge A. "Spanish Business Law." European Business Law Review 7, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 1996): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr1996062.

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Spinelli, Emily, Albert C. Eyde, and Beatriz Presedo Zeller. "Spanish for Business." Modern Language Journal 70, no. 2 (1986): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327363.

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Rivas, Daniel E., T. Bruce Fryer, Hugo J. Faria, Alfredo A. Caballero, and Humberto A. Schifini. "Talking Business in Spanish." Modern Language Journal 73, no. 4 (1989): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/326930.

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Anderson, Aleta. "Spanish For Business Professionals." CALICO Journal 18, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.35142.

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Cohen, Howard R. "Computer Exercises for Business Spanish." Hispania 71, no. 2 (May 1988): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/343106.

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Rodriguez, Jorge A. "Spanish Business Law - Recent Developments." European Business Law Review 6, Issue 4 (April 1, 1995): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr1995025.

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Suáre, K. C., and D. J. Santana‐Martín. "Governance in Spanish family business." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 10, no. 1/2 (February 2004): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550410521425.

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López, Jesús Rodríguez, and Mario Solís García. "ACCOUNTING FOR SPANISH BUSINESS CYCLES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 3 (December 2, 2014): 685–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100514000558.

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We apply the business cycle accounting methodology proposed by Chari, Kehoe, and McGrattan to identify the sources of Spanish business fluctuations during two outstanding cyclical episodes: the recession alongside the transition to democracy in 1977 and the great recession of 2008. We find that the labor wedge played a key role during both recessions and that taxes and labor market institutions are likely behind the wedge movements. We conclude that any model that tries to understand the causes of recessions that occurred in the last three decades should focus on the labor wedge.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Business Spanish"

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Insagurbe, Gorka, and Jorge Castillo. "Spanish Wine in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1257.

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ABSTRACT

The new century has provoked the liberalization of the world economy and market globalization. International marketing has opened the borders for all countries, which can compete with the same competitive tools, increasing the rivalry among them. This

thesis deals with the wine sector and the changes that this sector has suffered in previous years, due to the entrance of new producer countries and the recession that has been produced by European wines, called “Old World” producers.

In this study we will make an analysis of the Swedish wine market, describing how the different players act; from consumers to the special system of alcohol distribution that is controlled by the government, all the way to the producers and kinds of wine that

compose the market.

Among the different wine producers we will make a thorough study of the Spanish case, given that we come from Spain, where the wine industry has a special relevance. Furthermore, Spain is one of the most important wine exporters to Sweden, but in the last years it has suffered a small decrease in its market share.

So apart from studying the current situation of the wine sector in Sweden and how consumers perceive the wine of “Old World” countries, such as France, Italy and Spain and “New World” countries, such as Australia, Chile and South Africa, our main objective is to make some strategic recommendations in order to improve the situation

for Spanish wine.

The study will focus on a quantitative research through a self completion questionnaire, measuring the main features of wine (quality, price, nationality, etc.) and also on different theories that compose the marketing and strategic fields.

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Marcé, Pilar. "Language for specific purposes (LSP) business Spanish textbooks: a content analysis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6797.

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Since the 1990s, the number of courses of Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP), especially Business Spanish, has increased rapidly in institutions of higher education in the U.S. Ideally, the design of these courses is based both on an analysis of the learners’ needs and on a specific business-related purpose. However, instructors of Business Spanish may not be specialists in this area and may lack the means or the time to perform a needs analysis (NA) to prepare the course syllabus and materials. Consequently, choosing the Business Spanish textbook ends up being the first step in designing the course, and for the reasons stated above, this choice tends to be based on the instructor’s needs rather than those of the learners. In this dissertation, I subjected four Business Spanish textbooks to an in-depth analysis (Littlejohn, 1998) in three stages. This analysis includes their approach to specificity (from narrow to wide), and how the business-related learners’ needs (language- and skill-based) are addressed. Results from these four analyses reveal that the authors adapted four different language teaching approaches and methods. Their wide-angled approach to specificity and different viewpoints of the target learners’ business-related needs are based on (1) their beliefs on the nature of language and language teaching, (2) the position of the course in the macro curriculum (macro-specific purpose), and (3) their respective target audiences. A two-step evaluation of Business Spanish textbooks is recommended to instructors based on the macro-specific purpose of their courses and the micro-specific purposes of communicative activities.
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Contreras, Maria Stella Martinez. "Cross-linguistic comparison of social interaction in promotional texts written in English and Spanish." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250207.

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Torsein, Ellinor. "International business negotiations - cultural distance and adaption : Swedish businessmen negotiating with Norwegian and Spanish counterparts /." Göteborg : BAS, University of Gothenburg, School of Business, Economics and Law, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/22296.

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Goode, Catherine Tracy. "Power in the Peripheries: Family Business and the Global Reach of the 18th-Century Spanish Empire." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228178.

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Through the investigation of the strategies and tactics the San Juan de Santa Cruz family used in local contexts, this study demonstrates how Spanish colonists were able to access the global economy. Beyond the construction of family and political networks, the brothers connected the peripheries of Manila- Acapulco, Veracruz, and Nueva Vizcaya in order to manage and expand their family business empire beyond the cores of Mexico City or the crown in Spain. Each chapter of the dissertation focuses on the local strategies employed by Francisco and Manuel in particular peripheries, and investigates the links created by the family between peripheral locations in an effort to access the global economy, avoiding core areas in the process. Relying on the conceptual language of Immanuel Wallerstein's world-system, but following a creative opening cracked by Andre Gunder Frank, this study posits a multi- polar world system in which there were multiple cores, namely Asia, Mexico, and Europe. Mexico is centered in this study as a core that controls aspects of Europe's access to the commanding Asian export economy. The role of peripheries within the Mexican core provides an opportunity to reevaluate the relationship of cores to peripheries, and illustrates the role of merchant- bureaucrats, located in the Americas, in the early modern world economy.
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Colombo, Mariana Ruggiero. "Understanding L2 motivation through selves and currents: lessons from students in an innovative business Spanish course." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5443.

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This study focused on investigating students’ complex L2 motivational systems in an equally complex educational environment. It analyzed students’ motivation while learning Spanish in a Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) course taught in a student-centered technology-enhanced classroom at a university in the Midwest. The innovative curriculum for the course emphasized student interaction, and revolved around the development of a collaborative entrepreneurial wiki project. This study addressed the expanding call for considering motivation as multidimensional, changing and contextualized (Crookes & Schmidt, 2006; Dörnyei, MacIntyre, & Henry, 2015) by steering away from simplistic cause–effect quantitative paradigms. It addressed the topic through the lens of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) and utilized two contemporary L2 motivation frameworks for making sense of the data: the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009), and Directed Motivational Currents (DMCs) (Muir & Dörnyei, 2013; Dörnyei, Ibrahim, & Muir 2015). It adopted in-depth qualitative case study methodology to answer the following research questions: 1. How can students' L2 motivations be described while learning Business Spanish through an innovative curriculum? 2. What are the factors affecting students’ L2 motivations throughout the course? Four students enrolled in this class during the Fall 2015 were randomly selected as the participants for this study. Data were collected throughout the academic semester and included: 1) four in-depth interviews with each student; 2) the work students developed collaboratively on the wiki; 3) course evaluations submitted to the instructor of the course; 4) students’ academic records and 5) classroom observations of the times students worked on the wiki. Findings revealed that the self system interacted with the motivational system of students in this class, and was determinant in guiding their motivational trajectories throughout the semester. The self system was also instrumental in shaping experiences students had related to the elements of the immediate L2 learning context. Moreover, factors stemming from the immediate L2 context that fulfilled students’ self-concordant goals were also instrumental in keeping students engaged with the process of learning; and completing the wiki project became a shared goal for students in each group. These factors led students to experience a group motivational wave — with characteristics of group DMCs — as they became more and more involved with the wiki project for the course. In terms of the work completed, students’ motivations translated into detailed wiki projects that incorporated more content than specified by the project’s guidelines and requirements. Finally, the study also generated insights into areas in which the L2MSS and DMCs could be expanded or refined in order to better account for students’ complex motivational trajectories.
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Tekinbas, Ege. "The Political Economy Of Spanish Financial Sector And Foreign Policy." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610576/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the Spanish financial system and foreign policy from a political economy point of view. The foundation, development and transformation of the financial elite in Spain and its affiliations with the policy-making elite are the main concerns of this study. The traditionally complex and interlocking relationship between the financial elite and the policy-making elite in Spain is a perfect showcase to demonstrate how policy and economy affect each other interchangeably. The financial system of Spain has always been highly oligopolistic which led to the continuation of its traditional political and economical protection for many decades before, during and after the liberalisation process went underway. This traditional protection has a very unique characteristic given the fact that it survived nearly a century, under a succession of various political and regulatory regimes with very different ideological agendas. &ldquo
How could the banking sector preserve its power and influence under many different political ideals and economic orientations&rdquo
is one the questions to which an answer is sought in this study. Naturally, this answer also covers the origins and structure of the power and influence that the financial elite held over the domestic and foreign policies of the country. Also, the mutual and complex relationship between economy and foreign policy as well as policy-making elite and economic elite, is analysed in this thesis. In other words, the consequences of the shifts in foreign and domestic policy agendas on the Spanish financial elite are studied.
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Covarrubias, Patricia Olivia. "Pronominally speaking : Mexican enactments of tú and usted as interpersonal components of organizational networks of cooperation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8225.

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Arellano, Edwin U. "Modelo integral en la enseñanza de redacción comercial en Español." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1632.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Title from screen (viewed on July 7, 2008). Department of World Languages and Cultures, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kimmaree Murday, Nancy Newton, Marta García García. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70).
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Morales, Ninni, and Sarah Carlzon. "Ledarskap i andra kulturer : En studie i när spanska centralstyrda företag möter den svenska lokala marknaden." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-428.

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Palabras claves: liderazgo, cultura española y sueca, liderazgo situacional

Durante las últimas décadas, la globalización se ha extendido a todo el mundo. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías ha evolucionado rápido y nos ha dado posibilidades para enfrentar nuevos mercados más fácilmente que antes. Las condiciones para las empresas han cambiado y hoy en día no compiten solamente en su mercado local si no también con empresas en todo el mundo. Las empresas que entran en nuevos mercados se vuelven internacionales y diferentes culturas se mezclan en la organización. Esto a menudo es un problema ya que diferentes culturas utilizan distintos tipos de liderazgo. Qué pasa cuando una empresa española entra en el mercado sueco?

Hemos realizado esta investigación con el propósito de ver si una organización española, con un liderazgo centralizado, que entra en un mercado sueco, debe adaptarse a las diferencias culturales o puede seguir con la misma estructura de la organización que en el país de origen.

Resultado

En conclusión hemos notado que pueda haber grandes diferencias entre dos países europeos y que la ignorancia de estas diferencias pueden resultar en grandes problemas y malentendidos para las empresas. Las empresas españolas que abren sucursales en Suecia a menudo se encuentran en problemas en las siguientes situaciones:

· El trabajo esta por sobre el bienestar del trabajador.

· Un empleado es nombrado en un cargo por sobre otro aunque tenga menos experiencia.

· Los empleados son controlados y no pueden tomar iniciativas por el diseño estricto de la tarea del trabajo.

· Cuando existe una grán distancía entre jefes y empleados.

Esto lo podemos resumir en que las empresas españolas no han implementado un liderazgo situacional, en el que la empresa se adapta a la cultura, al abrir sus sucursales en Suecia. La adaptación del liderazgo ha sido minima y forzada por las experiencias que las empresas han vivido durante su estancia.

En conclusión una empresa, aunque tenga el poder centralizado en el país de origen, tiene que adaptarse y conocer hasta cierto punto la cultura del país de destino para tener éxito en el nuevo mercado.


During the last decades the globalization has spread and is now a concern for the entire world. The technological development has exploded and has given us new possibilities and access to information that make it possible to meet new markets. The conditions have changed and the companies not only compete with their closest competitors on the local market but also with everyone in the same business over the world. Companies go abroad with different entry modes to get new market shares and this results in a more international and multicultural organization. This is not always without problems since the companies are confronted with different types of cultures that are reflected in the organization and its work. Different kinds of leadership are used in different kinds of cultures but what happens when two cultures meet?

For example in Swedish culture hierarchy and power distance are distant ideas unlike the Spanish culture where it is to a great extent frequent.

After finishing the investigation it turned out that the cultural differences inside an organisation between two European countries can be big although in the beginning it’s not noticed. The ignorance of knowledge about the culture in the country of destination, from the employers, often contributes to a lot of problems and misunderstandings. We found that Spanish companies who open branches in Sweden often come across problems in following situations:

· When the work task is given priority to the wellbeing of the employees.

· When a less experienced person is given a position ahead of a more experienced employee.

· When the staff is controlled and can’t take their own initiative or haven’t the possibility to be flexible because of the strictly designed work task.

· When big differences in power distance between employer and employee are expressed.

We can establish that the implementation of the situational leadership has been rather absent in the beginning when opening in Sweden. The adjustment has come gradually and was strained because of the knowledge the Spanish companies acquired regarding Swedish employees and their culture. The companies were forced to adapt some of their leadership to the Swedish culture to be able to succeed on the Swedish market. The conclusion we come to is that a certain amount of situational adjustment is necessary even for the centralised governed company when opening branches in other countries.

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Books on the topic "Business Spanish"

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Matías, Pili Batley. Business Spanish. Edited by Brian Hill. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6.

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Kattán-Ibarra, Juan. Business Spanish. [Sevenoaks]: Teach Yourself, 1989.

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Clarke, Fernando. Business Spanish. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1994.

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1943-, Cremades Bernardo María, ed. Spanish business law. Deventer, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985.

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Tim, Connell, ed. Talking business Spanish. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1995.

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Kite, Ralph. Spanish for business. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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Kattán-Ibarra, Juan. Essential business Spanish. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992.

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Tim, Connell, ed. Talking business Spanish. Cheltenham: Thornes, 1992.

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María-Luisa, Henson, ed. Spanish business correspondence. London: Routledge, 1996.

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Paul, Westbrook, Veda Carlos, and Vrzic Zvjezdana, eds. Business companion: Spanish. New York: Living Language, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Business Spanish"

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Matías, Pili Batley. "How to Work Through a Unit." In Business Spanish, 4–6. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_1.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Selling Your Product." In Business Spanish, 141–56. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_10.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Getting What You Want." In Business Spanish, 157–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_11.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Talking about the Past." In Business Spanish, 173–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_12.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Talking about the Future." In Business Spanish, 189–204. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_13.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Talking about Yourself." In Business Spanish, 7–24. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_2.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Asking for and Understanding Directions." In Business Spanish, 25–40. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_3.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Talking about Yourself and Others." In Business Spanish, 41–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_4.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "At the Hotel." In Business Spanish, 59–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_5.

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Matías, Pili Batley. "Ordering Drinks and Snacks." In Business Spanish, 75–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22023-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Business Spanish"

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Seguí-Mas, Elies, and Helena Maria Bollas-Araya. "Sustainability assurance in Spanish non-listed companies." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1352.

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Navarro-Giner, Raul, Enrique Estellés-Arolas, and Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara. "Open Innovation in Spanish Education: the cMOOC case." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1369.

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Espinós Vañó, María Dolores, and Fernando García. "IRRESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR OF SPANISH FTSE4GOOD IBEX COMPANIES BASED ON NGO REPORTS." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.26.

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Recently, social responsible investment has experienced exceptional growth. For that reason, many listed companies pretend to have adopted guidelines and values proclaimed by prestigious internac-ional organizations as the UNO or the OECD. In fact, to adhere such guidelines is a requisite to be in-cluded in most socially responsible stock indices. In this paper we search for irresponsible behaviour by Spanish companies included in some of the world most preminent sustainable stock indices. The main result is that most of the companies have been actually critized by prestigious NGOs, so their identification as socially responsible should be questioned.
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García-Ortega, Beatriz, Blanca de-Miguel-Molina, and Vicente Chirivella-González. "Patterns in the Philanthropic Behaviour of Spanish listed companies." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1328.

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Medvedeva, Ekaterina. "Linguosemiotic Analysis Of Spanish Animal Riddles." In Topical Issues of Linguistics and Teaching Methods in Business and Professional Communication. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.02.76.

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Garcia-Ortega, Beatriz, Javier Galan-Cubillo, and Blanca De-Miguel-Molina. "Assessing the senior management support and approach to business digitisation. The case of top Finish and Spanish companies." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13638.

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Busines digitisation represents a milestone for companies’ prospects, and senior management support is one of the key aspects for its successful implementation. However, this support through their discourse has been underexplored. This paper contributes in this direction, by taking the cases of the top Finish and Spanish companies listed in the OMXH 25 and IBEX 35 respectively, with Finland at the top of the list of European Union countries in terms of business digitisation and Spain in the average, as benchmarks for examining the letters of top managers in annual reports in relation to their support and drivers approach. The results show that yet in both countries a relevant part of top managers does not show this support, more pronounced in Spanish companies. In addition, the weight of each block of drivers to support business digitisation identified in the literature also differs between the two countries, with the top managers of Finish companies showing a more customer-driven approach, and in the case of Spain a more business-driven approach, whereas sustainability is the least mentioned driver in both cases, as an aspect to improve.
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Catalá-Pérez, Daniel, Conrado Enrique Carrascosa López, and M. Rosario Perello-Marin. "Spanish innovation strategic plan. Analysis of its instruments, impact and results." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13730.

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The purpose of this piece of research is to analize public instruments implemented to promote innovation in Spain and the results that were obtained among Spanish innovative companies. Along this paper, the National Innovation Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2013-2020, and its impact, prior to the implementation of the next plan that will cover the period 2021-2027, have been analysed. This piece of research sheds light on the main weaknesses identified in the National Innovation Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2021-2027, and particularly how and where it fails in boosting innovation in Spain. The main conclusions are useful for all involved parts, politicians as part of the public sector (Government), industry and academia as fundamental pillar of the Spanish innovation system.
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Gebhard, Christian Alexander. "The Necessity to Make Errors: The case of German learners of Spanish." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13612.

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Learners of foreign languages make errors. There has been much debate over whether these errors are to be viewed as something bad, something wrong or something to be avoided. This paper analyses the efficiency of exercises aimed at avoiding the most frequent mistakes German beginning learners of Spanish make. A comparative study shows that learners who make these exercises improve only over their frequency of orthographic errors, but all other types of errors and the total number of errors remain the same as learners who do not make these exercises.
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Jaramillo, Nadia. "An Online Spanish for Business Shark Tank: Content and Language Integration." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1685936.

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Perello-Marin, M. Rosario, Mariola Fontoba-Jordá, and Aurelio Herrero-Blasco. "Gender Equality in IBEX 35." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13699.

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Gender equality is a debate that is becoming more and more integrated into everyday life, both politically, economically and socially. This paper analyses the situation of gender equality in 10 Spanish listed companies in IBEX 35, the Spanish stock market index par excellence. Specifically, 10 companies from different sectors were chosen in order to find out, firstly, whether there are differences in behaviour between industries within their organisations in this area. Secondly, various common indicators are proposed to be sought in the non-financial reports of the companies, in order to subsequently compare the transparency of data and the way in which they are communicated offered by each of the selected corporations.
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Reports on the topic "Business Spanish"

1

Bodenhorn, Howard. Business in a Time of Spanish Influenza. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27495.

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2

Canto, Patricia, ed. Business Groups in the Basque Country. Universidad de Deusto, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xxuy9821.

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The report "Business Groups in Euskadi" describes the ownership structure of companies in the Basque Country, highlighting the relevance of business groups. Additionally, it proposes a methodology for the identification and classification of these business groups present in the Basque Country. Thus, the report presents a snapshot of these groups for the year 2022, identifying 4,136 business groups and describing their characteristics based on the location of their parent company, distinguishing between Basque, Spanish (outside the Basque Country), and foreign groups. For each of these typologies, several attributes considered relevant in the literature on business groups are analyzed, such as the sophistication of their strategies, sectoral diversification, and intra-group financing mechanisms. Furthermore, the report provides detailed information on the business groups that generate the most employment in the Basque Country.
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Safer, Adam, Noor Kazi, James Onorevole, John Carter Roberson, and Rachel Werz. Spokes of the Same Wheel: How Collaboration Between Resource Providers Impacts Outcomes for Female Small Business Owners in Western North Carolina. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/n6yj2dksdh.

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Female small business owners face numerous hurdles to maintaining and growing their firms and these barriers have become increasingly difficult to surmount in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. While small business resource providers deliver needed funding and technical assistance, the perspectives and experiences of female small business owners are often missing from dialogues regarding the efficacy of local small business ecosystems. Interviews reveal that while female clients of the Western Women’s Business Center (WWBC) benefit from the program’s services – including business coaching, community events, and access to capital – some of the BIPOC and Spanish-speaking small business owners that were interviewed feel alienated from the resource provider community more broadly. Although collaboration between resource providers maximizes available services, increases their quality, and minimizes redundant offerings, organizations must employ a culturally competent, linguistically accessible approach to effectively serve marginalized populations.
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4

Libby, Margarita H. Business Climate for Competitiveness in the Americas: Simplification of Procedures to Promote Competitiveness. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006894.

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International organizations most often recommend a virtual one stop shop such as the Single Window for Foreign Trade (Spanish acronym: VUCE). This model is undoubtedly the most successful scheme available. This paper presents the general framework for trade facilitation and shows how VUCEs have triggered a new perspective of cohesiveness as countries seek to facilitate trade and influence competitiveness indexes. In addition, it assesses the current situation in countries of the Americas that are starting to or have already taken the first steps in developing a VUCE, such as Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile, and discusses the conditions required to implement a VUCE with the understanding that there is more than one possible model of implementation and every government must choose one that is suitable to its own institutional structure and technological progress. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
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5

Blanco, Roberto, and Sergio Mayordomo. Evidence on the impact of the public guarantee and direct aid schemes on Spanish firms during the covid-19 crisis. Madrid: Banco de España, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/34592.

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After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic authorities in many countries took steps to support firms’ liquidity and solvency. This article analyses the effects of two such measures implemented by the Spanish authorities: the public guarantee schemes and direct aid. The results show that public guarantees were essential in enabling many companies to cover their main liquidity needs. In particular, this scheme was especially useful for SMEs and for companies operating in the sectors hit more severely by the health crisis, although it did not significantly alleviate the increased funding needs of companies without prior credit relationships. For its part, direct aid appears to have contributed to a very moderate reduction in the business solvency problems generated by the COVID-19 crisis, since only a small part of the aid was allocated to those companies that needed solvency support.
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Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S., Javier Quintana, Isabel Soler, and Rok Spruk. Sector-level economic effects of regulatory complexity: evidence from Spain. Madrid: Banco de España, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29854.

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This paper studies for the first time the impact on various measures of economic efficiency of regulatory complexity by sector in Spain. We base our analysis on an innovative database that classifies 206,777 regulations by economic sector and region, which highlights the growing volume of regulation, as well as its diversity by sector, region and business cycle stage. This analysis first looks at the aggregate impacts of sectoral regulatory complexity on the employment-to-population ratio, total working hours, sectoral GDP shares, labour intensity and capital intensity. Secondly it delves into the heterogeneous impacts observed across firms of different sizes and ages, drawing on the MCVL (Continuous Work History Sample), a rich database at the enterprise level. On the first front, we estimate a set of multiple fixed-effects model specifications across 13 economic sectors, 23 regulatory sectors and 17 Spanish regions over the period 1995-2020. Our results suggest that greater regulatory complexity has a negative impact on the employment rate and on value added. The effect on employment is consistent with previous findings for the United States. In particular, ceteris paribus, each additional increase in the regulatory complexity index is associated with a 0.7 percent drop in the sector-level employment share. Furthermore, our findings suggest that several distortionary sector-level effects of increasing regulatory complexity are taking place. For instance, markedly lower labour intensity and decreased sector-level investment rates, which confirm that greater regulatory complexity entails non-trivial sector-level costs. Distortionary effects of regulatory complexity materialise through compositional differences, mainly in the form of reduced wages and a lower investment rate.
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