Academic literature on the topic 'Busy people'

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Journal articles on the topic "Busy people"

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Chew, John J. "Japanese for Busy People." Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese 20, no. 1 (April 1986): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/489529.

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Hijirida, Kyoko, and Association For Japanese Teaching. "Kana for Busy People." Modern Language Journal 77, no. 2 (1993): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328983.

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Yamada, Shigemi. "Japanese for Busy People III." Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese 30, no. 1 (April 1996): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/489676.

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Peake, Greg. "“Get busy talking or get busy dying”." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-07-2015-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to high-light the very well-known potential downside of technology found in many sales environments and to provide a fail-safe remedy to telephone Call Reluctance. Design/methodology/approach – The typical, illogical thinking that underpins the reasons that sales people offer for their Call Reluctance are discussed in detail. A time tested platform built upon sound logic and decades of successful implementation is provided. The approach appeals equally to managers and sales personal because it is simple, doable and highly motivational. Findings – The results demonstrate the powerful effect that accurate thinking and an easily implemented management approach has for sales organizations and individuals when embracing the unparalleled value of telephone communication. Originality/value – The work is based upon the authors 40 plus years of applying the thinking and platform presented in the paper. In addition, for the past 15 years, the author has enthusiastically witnessed the incredibly positive impact of his approach to over 400 companies worldwide. He does not claim absolute originality of the content, as like most successful sales people, he is indebted to many, many sales people he has had the pleasure to know and learn from.
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Hsee, Christopher K., Adelle X. Yang, and Liangyan Wang. "Idleness Aversion and the Need for Justifiable Busyness." Psychological Science 21, no. 7 (June 14, 2010): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610374738.

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There are many apparent reasons why people engage in activity, such as to earn money, to become famous, or to advance science. In this report, however, we suggest a potentially deeper reason: People dread idleness, yet they need a reason to be busy. Accordingly, we show in two experiments that without a justification, people choose to be idle; that even a specious justification can motivate people to be busy; and that people who are busy are happier than people who are idle. Curiously, this last effect is true even if people are forced to be busy. Our research suggests that many purported goals that people pursue may be merely justifications to keep themselves busy.
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Itomitsu, Masayuki. "Japanese for Busy People II: Kana Version." Modern Language Journal 82, no. 2 (1998): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329231.

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Sarkar, Kaushik, and Hari Sundaram. "Influencing Busy People in a Social Network." PLOS ONE 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2016): e0162014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162014.

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Menzies, T., and Ying Hu. "Computing practices - Data mining for very busy people." Computer 36, no. 11 (November 2003): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2003.1244531.

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Forya, Bridget Mambo. "Pit Stop – A Career Workbook for Busy PeoplePit Stop – A Career Workbook for Busy People." Nursing Standard 27, no. 21 (January 23, 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2013.01.27.21.28.b1459.

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Forya, Bridget Mambo. "Pit Stop: A Career Workbook for Busy PeoplePit Stop: A Career Workbook for Busy People." Nursing Management 20, no. 2 (May 2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nm2013.05.20.2.9.s18.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Busy people"

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Chiu, Sze-nga Cecilia. "Transport policy for franchised bus passengers with disability." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36709293.

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Chiu, Sze-nga Cecilia, and 趙詩雅. "Transport policy for franchised bus passengers with disability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36709293.

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Delanvar, Soheil, and Navid Zavosh. "Why people buy junk : How today’s consumers choose between functionality and design." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6348.

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Reveal the aspects of the consumer’s decision making process when buying a product. This study focuses on teenager’s decision making process when buying an MP3 player. This study shows that appealing aesthetics elevates the product and poor functionality depreciates or eliminates the product. Brands assure the consumers, whether the product is of poor quality or not.

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Lavery, Hamilton Irvine. "Evaluating and negating barriers to travel by elderly and mobility impaired people." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388876.

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Gallon, Christine A. "Disabled people and their use of transport : the relative importance of different factors and their implications for policy." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323839.

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Wu, Wanyang. "Optimization Models for Selecting Bus Stops for Accessibility Improvements for People with Disabilities." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/224.

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Bus stops are key links in the journeys of transit patrons with disabilities. Inaccessible bus stops prevent people with disabilities from using fixed-route bus services, thus limiting their mobility. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 prescribes the minimum requirements for bus stop accessibility by riders with disabilities. Due to limited budgets, transit agencies can only select a limited number of bus stop locations for ADA improvements annually. These locations should preferably be selected such that they maximize the overall benefits to patrons with disabilities. In addition, transit agencies may also choose to implement the universal design paradigm, which involves higher design standards than current ADA requirements and can provide amenities that are useful for all riders, like shelters and lighting. Many factors can affect the decision to improve a bus stop, including rider-based aspects like the number of riders with disabilities, total ridership, customer complaints, accidents, deployment costs, as well as locational aspects like the location of employment centers, schools, shopping areas, and so on. These interlacing factors make it difficult to identify optimum improvement locations without the aid of an optimization model. This dissertation proposes two integer programming models to help identify a priority list of bus stops for accessibility improvements. The first is a binary integer programming model designed to identify bus stops that need improvements to meet the minimum ADA requirements. The second involves a multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer programming model that attempts to achieve an optimal compromise among the two accessibility design standards. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used extensively to both prepare the model input and examine the model output. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to combine all of the factors affecting the benefits to patrons with disabilities. An extensive sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the reasonableness of the model outputs in response to changes in model constraints. Based on a case study using data from Broward County Transit (BCT) in Florida, the models were found to produce a list of bus stops that upon close examination were determined to be highly logical. Compared to traditional approaches using staff experience, requests from elected officials, customer complaints, etc., these optimization models offer a more objective and efficient platform on which to make bus stop improvement suggestions.
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Agarwaal, Akkshhey. "Performance Evaluation of a Public Bus-transit System based on Accessibility to the People." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1603646337091268.

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Chan, Chi Pak. "Large Scale Evacuation of Carless People During Short- and Long-Notice Emergency." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195439.

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During an emergency evacuation, most people will use their vehicles to evacuate. However, there is a group of people who do not have access to reliable transportation or for some reason cannot drive, even if they have their own automobiles - the carless. There are different groups of carless (disabled, medically homebound, poor or immigrant populations, etc.) who require different forms of transportation assistance during an emergency evacuation. In this study we focus on those carless who are physically intact and able to walk to a set of designated locations for transportation during an emergency, and we propose using public transit and school buses to evacuate this carless group. A model has been developed to accommodate the use of public transit and school buses to efficiently and effectively evacuate the carless. The model has two parts. Part 1 is a location problem which aims at congregating the carless at some specific locations called evacuation sites inside the affected area. To achieve this goal, the affected area is partitioned into zones and this congregating of the carless has been formulated as a Single Source Capacitated Facility Location Problem. Changes in the demand of the carless in zones over different periods of a day and over different days of the week have been considered and included in the model. A walking time constraint is explicitly considered in the model. A heuristic developed by Klincewicz and Luss (1986) has been used to solve this location model.Part 2 is a routing problem which aims at obtaining itineraries of buses to pick up the carless at evacuation sites and transport them to safe locations outside the affected area, such that the total number of carless evacuated with the given time limit is maximized. A Tabu search heuristic has been developed for solving the routing problem. Computational results show that the Tabu search heuristic efficiently and effectively solves the routing problem; in particular, the initial heuristic produces a high quality initial solution in very short time. This study has also made slight contribution to the development of the Tabu search technique.
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Bhairam, Robin. ""Clark Kent drives my bus" : a study of safety and risk in public spaces through the narratives of young people." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/clark-kent-drives-my-bus(d5fa591b-cf46-4c83-b454-8b64ca807f79).html.

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This research explores the complexities of young peoples’ personal understanding and experiences of violence and safety in public spaces. The research itself is constructed through establishing the interrelationships between the theories, practices and policies of safety and young people. Working through these links has facilitated an original framework for understanding by accessing data using young people’s own experiences and views. There is a significant body of published research exploring young people as offenders but a real absence, especially in the UK literature, of young people as potential victims of violent crime. In particular children’s own conceptualisations of risk, safety and victimisation are little understood. This research explores young people’s thoughts on exactly this. The empirical research draws upon qualitative data derived from semi-structured interviews with 21 young people aged from 10 to 18 years old taken from a socioeconomically mixed area of London. The findings show that irrespective of age, the young people have constructed a very real understanding of safety and risk. Children, even at a young age have developed a myriad of personal safety strategies that involve awareness of teenagers, locations and individuals who they perceive as guardians. However, these strategies emerge without meaningful reference to police or government policy and are largely embedded in a world far away from those in reach of official community safety agents. This research suggests that there needs to be a move away from portraying young people as ‘folk devils’ who sit at the heart of many ‘moral panics’ towards involving them as significant actors and contributors to social policy making by giving them a voice on the political stage.
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Morris, Robert L. "A burning bush, a talking donkey, and people like you and me-- a guide to the nurture and training of church officers /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Busy people"

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Butterworth, Nick. Busy people. Cambridge, Mass: Candlewick Press, 1994.

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Busy people. Cambridge, Mass: Candlewick Press, 1992.

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GEORGE, LUCY M. BUSY PEOPLE: Builder. [Place of publication not identified]: FRANCES LINCOLN CHILDRENS, 2019.

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Wijesinha, Sanjiva. Health for Busy People. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Rotary Club of Colombo West, 1988.

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Mansfield, Ron. PowerPoint for busy people. Berkeley, Calif: Osborne/McGraw Hill, 1996.

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Dubberley, Emily. Sex for busy people. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

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Einstein, David. PCs for busy people. Berkeley, Calif: Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 1996.

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PrayerStarters for busy people. St. Meinrad, Ind: One Caring Place, 1999.

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Teaching, Association for Japanese-Language. Japanese for busy people. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2000.

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Hota, Bijoylaxmi. Yoga for busy people. New Delhi: Rupa, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Busy people"

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Vigliotti, Maria Grazia, and Haydn Jones. "Cryptography for Busy People." In The Executive Guide to Blockchain, 23–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21107-3_3.

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Lipton, Richard J., and Kenneth W. Regan. "Sam Buss: Bounded Logic." In People, Problems, and Proofs, 179–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41422-0_34.

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Inaba, Jeffrey. "Bust or Fold? The New Culture of Control." In What People Want, 237–43. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7673-2_19.

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Holt, Nigel, and Ian Walker. "Designing a Study: Running for the Bus." In Research with People, 99–113. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08837-6_5.

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Higashide, Steven. "What Makes People Choose the Bus?" In Better Buses, Better Cities, 15–22. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-64283-015-6_2.

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Pradhan, C. K., I. Chakraborty, S. Thakur, and S. Mukherjee. "Physiological and Metabolic Status of Bus Drivers." In Ergonomics in Caring for People, 161–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4980-4_21.

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Seldess, Josh. "Getting the Right People on the Bus." In 10 Perspectives on Equity in Education, 127–43. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Great Educators Series: Eye on Education, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003093145-10.

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Tai Fook Lim, Jerry, Goh Han Leong, and Tan Kok Kiong. "Accessible Bus System: A Bluetooth Application." In Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People, 363–84. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-867-8_11.

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Gilbert, Robbie. "Britain Is Not Producing Enough of What People Want to Buy." In Employment in the 1990s, 187–215. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19726-2_10.

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Quoc, Trung Pham, Minchul Kim, Hyunkwan Lee, and Kihwan Eom. "U-Bus System Design Based on WSN for the Blind People." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 307–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16444-6_40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Busy people"

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Geller, Gary N., Eugene A. Fosnight, and Sujoy Chaudhuri. "TerraLook: Providing easy, no-cost access to satellite images for busy people and the technologically disinclined." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422975.

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Saade, Raafat, and Lishan Xie. "Fraud Management in the E-Commerce Payment Systems." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3013.

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Despite the fact that money has been and always will be a hot topic, research has ignored it especially when it comes to payment issues in online commerce. It seems that people in the money business are busy making and spending it and have no time to study it and publish their findings. Come to think of it, why would one publish a methodology to save money when he/she can use it solely for themselves? To that effect, this paper investigates the Pay Pal e-payment system, identifies fraudulent activities that have occurred in this system, proposes a simple process to reduce these frauds and reports the results of a Canadian company before and after the application of this process.
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Naik, Neelima S. "Approaches to Urban Noise Management in India." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1355.

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Noise pollution in urban areas is recognized as a major environmental concern in India. The lack of infrastructure and fast paced life in major metropolitan cities of India has made the urban environment extremely crowded, busy as well as noisy and as a result the millions of people living in the major metropolitan areas are suffering from the impacts of noise pollution. Noise levels are escalating at such a rate that it has become a major threat to the quality of human lives. Direct links between noise and health have been established by research conducted over the past few decades. There are several causes for urban degradation such as population migration, environmental considerations not adequately being incorporated into master plans, uncoordinated and haphazard development, weak implementation of plans and laws and inadequate institutional competences and resource crunch. This paper discusses the causal factors, impacts and the different approaches adopted by the Central Government as well as some major State Pollution Control Boards to curb the urban noise problem and the need for looking into non-conventional solutions such as Ecocity programme to bring in visible environmental improvement.
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Althubaiti, Heba. "Examining staff and students perception on daily fruit and vegetable." In Food Safety Nutrition Webinar. Herald Meetings, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52437/fnc-0821/10001.

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Introduction: There is a lack in the awareness in the fruit and vegetable (F&V) recommendation among Saudi society. Although the known facts of the benefits of F&V on health, information on Saudi society following the advised recommendation whether by WHO or local is still unknown. Aim: This cross- sectional study aim to examine the perception of F&V intake among students and staff at Umm Al-Qura University and to assess if they follow these recommendations of F&V locally and internationally. Method: Students and staff from Umm Al-Qura University participated in this study (n= 98, age between 18- 55). All data were collected using short online survey via Online survey - Survey Monkey in 2019. Result: 55% students and staff were not aware about these recommendations whereas 45% were aware about WHO recommendation. The majority of students and staff 53% have less than two portions a day of F&V. Only 14% have between two to four portions a day. 32% do not eat any portion of F&V daily. 59%, 14%, 5% of students and staff who believe that they should have five, seven, more than seven portions a day for being healthy respectively. Maintaining health, reduce the risk for chronic disease and providing essential vitamins and minerals to the body were all reasons why students and staff believe that they should have F&V everyday by 71%. Busy lifestyle, F&V cost, lack of the awareness about the health benefits, dislike the taste, some F&V spoil easily were all factors affecting eating F&V daily. Conclusion: People need educational and nutritional campaigns to spread the awareness about the health benefits of F&V. Most importantly the ministry of health should support those campaigns to increase people awareness and build a healthy society with a good habit. Keywords: Fruit intake, veg intake, F&V recommendation, students, staff, Umm Al-Qura University
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Gurney, Laura, John JD Eveland, and Indira R. Guzman. ""What you say, I buy!"." In SIGMIS-CPR '19: 2019 Computers and People Research Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3322385.3322406.

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"SELLING MOBILE APPLICATIONS: THE DIFFERENCE WHAT PEOPLE BUY AND WHAT PEOPLE TRY." In International Conference on E-business. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001428903190322.

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Joy, John E. "Non-Secure Inter-Terminal Passenger Conveyance Alternatives for George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston." In Eighth International Conference on Automated People Movers. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40582(2001)24.

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Andrade, Hilson, David Borges, Leandro Bernardes, João Albuquerque, and Abel Guilhermino Silva-Filho. "BlindMobi: A system for bus identification, based on Bluetooth Low Energy, for people with visual impairment." In XXXVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2019.7374.

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This paper presents a bus detection system based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology that aims to ease the traveling of blind people in large urban centers. The proposed system consists of two subsystems: one embedded hardware on the buses and the other running on the user mobile device. From the device embedded on the bus, BLE beacons containing itinerary information and bus acceleration are sent and read by the application running on the mobile device. Through this information and using the machine learning algorithm, the application is able to identify the approach and arrival of the bus, guiding the user. A complete prototype system has been constructed and tested to validate the proposed system, where a rating rate of 91.5% was obtained, indicating the feasibility of the proposal.
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Al Kalbani, Jalila, Rajaa Bait Suwailam, Arwa Al Yafai, Dawood Al Abri, and Medhat Awadalla. "Bus detection system for blind people using RFID." In 2015 IEEE 8th GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeegcc.2015.7060038.

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Bondada, Murthy V. A., and Rajaram Bojji. "Potential of APMs as Line Haul Systems in Developing Nations: A Case Study — Sky Bus Metro Technology." In 10th International Conference on Automated People Movers. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40766(174)24.

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Reports on the topic "Busy people"

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Levy, Helen, and Thomas DeLeire. What Do People Buy When They Don't Buy Health Insurance And What Does that Say about Why They are Uninsured? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9826.

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Mason, Dyana, and Miranda Menard. The Impact of Ride Hail Services on the Accessibility of Nonprofit Services. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.260.

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Nonprofit organizations are responsible for providing a significant level of human services across the United States, often in collaboration with government agencies. In this work, they address some of the most pressing social issues in society – including homelessness, poverty, health care and education. While many of these organizations consider location and accessibility crucial to supporting their clients – often locating services near bus or train stops, for example – little is known about the impact of new technologies, including ride hail services like Lyft and Uber, on nonprofit accessibility. These technologies, which are re-shaping transportation in both urban and suburban communities, are expected to dramatically shift how people move around and the accessibility of services they seek. This exploratory qualitative study, making use of interviews with nonprofit executives and nonprofit clients, is among the first of its kind to measure the impact of ride hail services and other emerging technologies on community mobility and accessibility.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.005.

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Anyone, of any gender, at any age, can leak urine or faeces. What would you do if it happened to you? Imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. What would you do? Have a wash, put on clean clothes, change the bedding and put it in a washing machine? You may go to the shop and buy an incontinence pad. And perhaps if you knew that there was help available for leaking urine you’d make an appointment to see a doctor next week and then just carry on with the rest of your day, dignity intact. Now imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. But to have a wash, or clean your clothes and bedding, you’d have to walk for an hour to collect water. Imagine you are frightened to walk there alone, the path is steep and you struggle to use the hand pump. Even if you did get water, you don’t have enough soap so the smells would linger anyway. And after all that effort, you have nothing to wear to soak up urine if it happens again. What if you didn’t know that leaking urine was common, and you spent the rest of the day worried about your health and too embarrassed to go to work in case people could tell? What if you were worried that your partner would hit you again for making a mess so you had very little to drink all day for fear of it happening again? What can you do to support people living with incontinence? To start, we need to talk about leaks.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.011.

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Anyone, of any gender, at any age, can leak urine or faeces. What would you do if it happened to you? Imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. What would you do? Have a wash, put on clean clothes, change the bedding and put it in a washing machine? You may go to the shop and buy an incontinence pad. And perhaps if you knew that there was help available for leaking urine you’d make an appointment to see a doctor next week and then just carry on with the rest of your day, dignity intact. Now imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. But to have a wash, or clean your clothes and bedding, you’d have to walk for an hour to collect water. Imagine you are frightened to walk there alone, the path is steep and you struggle to use the hand pump. Even if you did get water, you don’t have enough soap so the smells would linger anyway. And after all that effort, you have nothing to wear to soak up urine if it happens again. What if you didn’t know that leaking urine was common, and you spent the rest of the day worried about your health and too embarrassed to go to work in case people could tell? What if you were worried that your partner would hit you again for making a mess so you had very little to drink all day for fear of it happening again? What can you do to support people living with incontinence? To start, we need to talk about leaks.
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Hsueh, Gary, David Czerwinski, Cristian Poliziani, Terris Becker, Alexandre Hughes, Peter Chen, and Melissa Benn. Using BEAM Software to Simulate the Introduction of On-Demand, Automated, and Electric Shuttles for Last Mile Connectivity in Santa Clara County. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1822.

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Despite growing interest in low-speed automated shuttles, pilot deployments have only just begun in a few places in the U.S., and there is a lack of studies that estimate the impacts of a widespread deployment of automated shuttles designed to supplement existing transit networks. This project estimated the potential impacts of automated shuttles based on a deployment scenario generated for a sample geographic area: Santa Clara County, California. The project identified sample deployment markets within Santa Clara County using a GIS screening exercise; tested the mode share changes of an automated shuttle deployment scenario using BEAM, an open-source beta software developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to run traffic simulations with MATSim; elaborated the model outputs within the R environment; and then estimated the related impacts. The main findings have been that the BEAM software, despite still being in its beta version, was able to model a scenario with the automated shuttle service: this report illustrates the potential of the software and the lessons learned. Regarding transportation aspects, the model estimated automated shuttle use throughout the county, with a higher rate of use in the downtown San José area. The shuttles would be preferred mainly by people who had been using gasoline-powered ride hail vehicles for A-to-B trips or going to the bus stop, as well as walking trips and a few car trips directed to public transport stops. As a result, the shuttles contributed to a small decrease in emissions of air pollutants, provided a competitive solution for short trips, and increased the overall use of the public transport system. The shuttles also presented a solution for short night trips—mainly between midnight and 2 am—when there are not many options for moving between points A and B. The conclusion is that the automated shuttle service is a good solution in certain contexts and can increase public transit ridership overall.
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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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7

African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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