Relevant bibliographies by topics / Butanol

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Butanol'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Butanol"

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Ahmed M.Abbas and Zainab Abbas Al-Dulaimy. "Some Thermodynmic Properties of binary Mixtures of Alcohol isomers and Sulfolane at 298.15K." journal of the college of basic education 22, no. 96 (December 27, 2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v22i96.9012.

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The refractive indices, nD densities , and viscosities h of binary mixtures of sulfolane + n -butanol + sec- butanol + iso- butanol + tert – butanol + n-propanol and iso- propanol were measured at 298.15K. Form experimental data, excess molar volum VE , excess molar refractivity nD, excess molar viscosityhE and excess molar Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow DG*E were calculated. From n-propanol – sulfolane and iso- propanol sulfolane mixtures showed negative nD, n-butanol – sulfolane, sec-butanal – sulfolane, iso-butanol – sulfolane and tert- butanol sulfolane , DnD was positive over the whole mole fraction rang , while VE, hE and DG*E show a negative deviation. The results obtained for binary mixtures suggest two types of molecular interaction. One is the formation of new stable complexes between the sulfone group of sulfolane and the hydroxyl group of alcohols and the second is related to the participation in destroying the mixture structure and forming a new structure. Excess molar quantities of these binary mixtures were found to be affected directly by the position of hydroxyl group and the steric associated with the methyl group.
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Fu, Shuai, Dan Li, Tinghao Liu, Lijuan Liu, Huaqing Yang, and Changwei Hu. "Mechanism Insight into Catalytic Performance of Ni12P5 over Ni2P toward the Catalytic Deoxygenation of Butyric Acid." Catalysts 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050569.

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The Ni/P ratio of nickel phosphide has an important effect on the catalytic performance toward the deoxygenation of fatty acids to biofuel. The Ni12P5 cluster is preferred to model Ni12P5 catalyst with butyric acid as the reactant model of palmitic acid. The catalytic deoxygenation mechanism of butyric acid over Ni12P5 cluster has been theoretically investigated at GGA-PBE/DSPP, DNP level in dodecane solution. From butyric acid, the hydrodehydration is predominated to form n-butanal. Then, from n-butanal, low temperature benefits the hydroreduction to form butanol and then hydrodehydration to produce n-butane, whereas high temperature favors the direct decarbonylation to yield propane. n-Butane originates from n-butanol through hydrodehydration and not from n-butylene. Propane comes from n-butanal through decarbonylation and not from propanol and/or propylene. Additionally, CO stems from n-butanal through decarbonylation, whereas CO2 is ruled out from butyric acid through decarboxylation. Compared with Ni12P6 cluster, Ni12P5 cluster exhibits higher catalytic activity for the formation of butanal, n-butanol, and n-butane, while it displays lower catalytic activity toward the direct decarbonylation and dehydration to yield propylene. These results can be attributed to less negative charges of Ni-sites over Ni12P5 cluster, compared with Ni12P6 cluster.
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Sekhar, M. Chandra, Dereje Wakgari, Dunkana Negussa Kenie, and K. Chandrasekhar Reddy. "Study of Intermolecular Interactions between 2-Chloroaniline Isomeric Butanol Complexes in Gas Phase by Using DFT, NBO, QTAIM and RDG Analysis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 3 (2019): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21651.

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Density functional theoretical (DFT) studies on intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between self and cross-associated molecular complexes of 2-chloroaniline and isomeric butanols (e.g., 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-butanol and1-butanol) have been analyzed in gas phase. Thirteen 2-chloroaniline isomeric butanol complexes are analyzed at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level regarding their geometries, bond characteristics and interaction energies. The second-order perturbation stabilization energy has been calculated by natural bond orbitals analysis. Barder's quantum theory of atoms in molecules are employed to elucidate electron density (ρ) as well as its Laplacian (∇2ρ) of the complexes. Further to evaluate the strong and weak interactions between the selected molecular complexes non-covalent interactions plots we used the reduced gradient method.
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Riggio, Roque, Hector E. Martinez, Norma Z. De Salas, Miriam D. De Toigo, and Juan F. Ramos. "Excess properties for cyclohexanone + butanols at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-156.

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Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes of the binary systems cyclohexanone + n-butanol, + sec-butanol, and + 2-methyl-1-propanol have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The excess values of molar volume, viscosity, Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, and internal pressure were calculated from experimental measurements. Based on the variations of the excess functions with composition, conclusions about the molecular interactions in these kinds of mixtures were obtained. Keywords: excess properties, binary mixtures, butanols, cyclohexanone.
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Riggio, Roque, Juan F. Ramos, and Hector E. Martinez. "Excess properties for acetophenone + butanols at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-173.

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Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes of binary systems acetophenone + n-butanol, + sec-butanol, and + 2-methyl-1-propanol have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The excess values of molar volume, viscosity, Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, and internal pressure were calculated from experimental measurements. Based on the variations of the excess functions with composition, conclusions about the molecular interactions in these kinds of mixtures were obtained.Key words: excess properties, binary mixtures, butanols, acetophenone.
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Ueda, Yoshinori, Wei Zhao, Hideshi Ihara, Yoshihiro Imahori, Eleni Tsantili, Sumithra Wendakoon, Alan Chambers, and Jinhe Bai. "Functional Characteristics of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Its Involvement in Aromatic Volatile Biosynthesis in Postharvest Banana Ripening." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030347.

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Butanol vapor feeding to ripe banana pulp slices produced abundant butyl butanoate, indicating that a portion of butanol molecules was converted to butanoate/butanoyl-CoA via butanal, and further biosynthesized to ester. A similar phenomenon was observed when feeding propanol and pentanol, but was less pronounced when feeding hexanol, 2-methylpropanol and 3-methylbutanol. Enzymes which catalyze the cascade reactions, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetyl-CoA synthetase, and alcohol acetyl transferase, have been well documented. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which is presumed to play a key role in the pathway to convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids, has not been reported yet. The conversion is an oxygen-independent metabolic pathway and is enzyme-catalyzed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as the cofactor. Crude ALDH was extracted from ripe banana pulps, and the interference from ADH was removed by two procedures: (1) washing off elutable proteins which contain 95% of ADH, but only about 40% of ALDH activity, with the remaining ALDH extracted from the pellet residues at the crude ALDH extraction stage; (2) adding an ADH inhibitor in the reaction mixture. The optimum pH of the ALDH was 8.8, and optimum phosphate buffer concentration was higher than 100 mM. High affinity of the enzyme was a straight chain of lower aldehydes except ethanal, while poor affinity was branched chain aldehydes.
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Brei, Volodymyr. "OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS OVER CERIUM-OXIDE CATALYST: CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF THE REACTION AND THE CHEMICAL SHIFT δ (R13 COH)." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.8.2019.66-72.

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The oxidation of thirteen alcohols over sup-ported CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst with 10 wt.% of CeO2 have been studied using a desorption mass-spec-trometry technique. A catalyst sample 4–6 mg in quartz cuvette was evacuated at 100 0C, cooled to room temperature, and then adsorption of a alco-hol was provided. After vacuumation of alcohol excess, the TPR profiles of products of alcohol oxidation were recorded at sweep rate 2 a.u.m./sec and heating rate of 15 0C/min using MX-7304A monopole mass- spectrometer. Identification of formed aldehydes and ketones was provided on the bases of their characteristic ions in obtained mass-spectra, namely, acetaldehyde (m/e = 29, 44); pro-panal (29, 58); acetone (43, 58); butanal (44, 43); methyl propanal (43, 41, 72), 2-butanon (43, 72); methoxyacetone (45, 43); cyclohexanone (55); ace-tophenone (105, 77); benzaldehyde (77, 106). It was shown that the oxidation of several alcohols pro-ceeds in a wide temperature interval from 130 to 280 0C. So, peak of formaldehyde formation from me-thanol adsorbed on CeO2/Al2O3 is observed at 280 0C whereas peaks of methyl glyoxal and water formation from adsorbed hydroxyacetone are re-corded at 135 0 C. The linear correlation between activation energy of reaction and chemical shift δ (R13COH) of studied alcohols was found as Ea= 183 –1.4δ (kJ/mol). Respectively, the maximum oxi-dation rate, for instance, for methanol (50 ppm) is observed at 280 0C, for ethanol (58 ppm) at 215 0C, for n-butanol (62 ppm) at 200 0C, for n-propanol (64 ppm) at 190 0C, for 2-butanol (69 ppm) at 160 0C, for hydroxyacetone (69 ppm) at 135 0C, and for 1-phenylethanol (70 ppm) at 130 0C. Thus, ability of alcohols to oxidation decreases with increase of their electronic density on carbon atom of alcohol group in following order: 1-phenyl ethanol ≈ hyd-roxyacetone ≈ cyclohexanol > allyl alcohol ≈ 2-bu-anol ≈ i-butanol ≈ i-propanol > methoxypropanol-2 ≈ n-propanol ≈ n-butanol ≈ benzyl alcohol ≈ ethanol >> methanol. On an example of ethanol, the scheme of alcohol oxidation on ceria that assumes the addition of atomic oxygen to C–H bond of alcoho-lic group with intermediate acetaldehyde hydrate formation is discussed.
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Tsuchikawa, Satoru, and H. W. Siesler. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Diffusion Process of Deuterium-Labeled Molecules in Wood. Part I: Softwood." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 6 (June 2003): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322005364.

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The diffusion process of several molecules (D2O, n-butanol (OD) and t-butanol (OD)) in softwood (Sitka spruce) was investigated by means of a deuterium exchange method and Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) polarization spectroscopy. The location of OH groups in different states of order of cellulose in wood was clarified by analyzing the FT-NIR transmission spectra ranging from 7200 to 6000 cm−1. Four absorption bands were assigned to 2 × v(OH) absorptions of the amorphous regions, OH groups in semi-crystalline regions, and two types of intramolecular hydrogen-bonded OH groups in the crystalline regions, respectively. The saturation level of accessibility was very different for these absorption bands (i.e., 70–80, 60, and 40–50% for the amorphous, semi-crystalline, and crystalline regions, respectively). However, the saturation accessibilities for each absorption band varied little with molecular structure and geometry of the diffusants. The diffusion rate of D2O was much faster than that of n-butanol (OD) and t-butanol (OD) for all states of orders. The size effect of the butanols led to slight differences in the diffusive transport in the crystalline regions.
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Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Teruaki Muramatsu, and Masahiro Kato. "Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for three binary systems of 2-butanone with 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-butanol, or 2-butanol." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 37, no. 2 (April 1992): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00006a007.

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MOHAMMED, Bushra Sumayya, Poornesh SUTRAMAY, Samreen AHMADI, Salma FATHIMA, Srinitha ASKANI, Pruthvi Charan JAMBIGA, Ramya THUMMA, Sunitha Bai DHARAVATH, and Shasthree TADURI. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA LEAF, STEM AND ROOT EXTRACTS." Journal of Plant Development 30, no. 1 (2023): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2023.30.1.927.

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Erythrina variegata is a potent medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. Present investigation was carried out the preliminary phytochemical screening of the Erythrina variegata to evaluate the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, quinones, saponins by using different parts of the plant extracts such as leaf, stem and root in five different solvent systems (methanol, butanol, chloroform, ethanol, and distilled water) by cold maceration technique. According to our evaluation the high intensity of secondary metabolites like alkaloids and glycosides were strongly observed in leaf butanol extract and complete absence of saponins except in aqueous solvent was seen. In stem extracts butanol and chloroform were more efficient solvents for alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and moderate for phenols and steroids. The results of root extract revealed the strong presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides inbutanol extract. Due to its efficiency in butanolic extract Erythrina variegata was used to test anti-bacterial activity. Which showed the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis in leaf and root extract whereas in stem butanolic extract highest zone of inhibition was against Proteus vulgaris.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Butanol"

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Baral, Nawa Raj. "Techno-economic Analysis of Butanol Production through Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480501106426567.

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Outram, Victoria. "In situ product recovery of butanol from the acetone butanol ethanol fermentation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4152.

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From 1916 the "acetone butanol ethanol", or "ABE", fermentation process was the main production method for n-butanol. It was superseded in the 1950s by a more economical petrochemical process, causing the majority of plants to cease operation. In the fermentation, product inhibition led to low productivity and high energy demand in the downstream processing, making the process unable to compete with the petrochemical route. Overcoming these problems could revive the ABE industry and promote a bio-based economy. In situ product recovery (ISPR) can be applied to the fermentation process to counteract the effects of product toxicity. Productivity increases of greater than 300% are theoretically possible. Many ISPR techniques have been applied to the ABE process at laboratory scale, but a direct comparison of the different techniques has been hindered by experimental inconsistencies. Here, a techno-economic analysis was performed to compare the most developed ISPR techniques, with process simulations providing comparative data on the separation efficiency and energy demand. All the techniques were found to be economically viable, with profit increases compared to an equivalent batch plant of 110-175% and payback times of 2.2-4.5 years. In addition to generating the most profit and having the shortest payback time, perstraction was the only technique to lead to a reduction in overall plant energy demand, by ~5%, compared to a traditional ABE process. Thus perstraction warrants further investigation for application to the ABE process. Perstraction is significantly underdeveloped compared to other ISPR techniques. It was originally designed to overcome various problems associated with liquid-liquid extractions, including solvent toxicity. Here, experiments focused on the use of high-distribution toxic extractants with commercially available membranes. Results showed that high-distribution toxic extractants (1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) have a larger mass transfer coefficient than oleyl alcohol (the main non-toxic extractant), although chemical structure differences, such as branching, can have a greater impact on mass transfer than distribution coefficient. Unfortunately, all extractants investigated here were transferred across the membrane to some extent, which would limit perstraction to non-toxic extractants. However, differences in membrane type have a greater impact on mass transfer than the choice of extractant. Porous membranes have a mass transfer coefficient 10 times greater than non-porous membranes, which would see a factor of 10 reduction in ii membrane size and cost. Overall, this work has confirmed that perstraction is technically viable and compared options for process improvements through membrane and extractant selection.
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Aleksic, Snezana. "Butanol Production from Biomass." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1242762960.

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Dong, Jie. "Butanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass and Agriculture Residues by Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404312445.

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Santos, Graciete Mary dos 1982. "Efeito da vinhaça na produção biológica de álcoois e ácidos orgânicos voláteis por meio de consórcio microbiano." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/304712.

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Orientadores: Ariovaldo José da Silva, Bruna de Souza Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T07:46:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_GracieteMarydos_M.pdf: 3271887 bytes, checksum: 539f68130eb11eac441d2bca07c2e7da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: No Brasil, o efluente industrial produzido em maior quantidade é a vinhaça, caracterizada por altos níveis de ácidos orgânicos, fósforo, cálcio, potássio e magnésio. O reaproveitamento energético da vinhaça mostra-se como uma alternativa interessante para produção de biocombustíveis ou sub-produtos. Este trabalho avaliou o potencial da vinhaça como fonte de substrato e nutrientes para produção de álcoois e ácidos orgânicos voláteis (AOV) por meio fermentação em batelada utilizando consórcio anaeróbio (lodo de bovinocultura) pré-tratados com choque térmico (TT) e choque ácido-térmico (AT). Foram utilizados dois meios diferentes, de sacarose (S) e de vinhaça (V), sendo a sacarose a principal fonte de carbono. A vinhaça provou ser uma excelente fonte de nutrientes para os microrganismos envolvidos na fermentação butírica, uma vez que a adição de vinhaça melhora significativamente a produção de ácido butírico em comparação com meio de cultura sintético. As máximas concentrações de ácido butírico, iso-butírico e acético foram de 14,13 ± 0,77 g L-1 na amostra ATV B3; 10,34 ± 0,43 g L-1na amostra ATV B2 e; 4,13 ± 0,06 g L-1na amostra TTV B3, respectivamente. O rendimento dos AOV acético, iso-butírico e butírico e de etanol foi mais elevado nas amostras ATV B3 e TTV B3, atingindo valores máximos de 0,14; 0,28; 0,69 e; 0,26 g g-1 carboidratos totais, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre métodos de pré-tratamento e enriquecimento de inóculo, AT e TT no que diz respeito a produção de ácido butírico e etanol. Em escala maior, operando em reator de 1,5 L, a fermentação de vinhaça bruta e melado de cana por consórcio microbiano AU mostrou potencial para produção de solventes como o butanol, uma vez que concentrações elevadas de ácido butírico foram produzidas, com concentração máxima, rendimento e produtividade de 13,85 g L-1; 0,64 g g-1 e; 199,98 mg L h-1, respectivamente. A caracterização microbiológica, pirosequenciamento, revelou a ocorrência em maior abundância de bactérias do gênero Clostridium, principalmente no consórcio AU e Lactobacillus mais abundante nos consórcios TT e AT. Foi identificada uma espécie conhecida pela produção de butanol, o C. pasteurianum no consórcio AU. Contudo, o presente trabalho representa um passo importante no desenvolvimento de um processo industrial para reutilização da vinhaça. A exploração de novos microrganismos e estudo dos fatores que interferem no processo de fermentação como pH, temperatura, nutrientes, densidade da cultura, cargas aplicadas e características do substrato, são fundamentais para o entendimento dos efeitos sinérgicos e antagônicos da associação de culturas
Abstract: In Brazil, industrial waste produced in the greatest amount is vinasse, characterized by high levels of organic acids, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The energy reuse of vinasse shows up as an interesting alternative for the production of biofuels or byproducts. This study evaluated the potential of vinasse as a source of substrate and nutrients for the production of alcohols and volatile fatty acids (VFA) through fermentation batch using anaerobic consortium (cattle sludge) pre-treated with heat shock (TT) and acid-shock thermal (AT). We used two different media, sucrose (S) and vinasse (V), with sucrose being the main source of carbon. The vinasse proved to be an excellent source of nutrients for microorganisms involved in the butyric fermentation, since the addition of vinasse significantly improves the production of butyric acid as compared to synthetic culture medium. The maximum concentrations of butyric acid, iso-butyric and acetic acid were 14.13 ± 0.77 g L-1 in the sample ATV B3; 10.34 ± 0.43 g L-1 in ATV B2 and 4.13 ± 0.06 g L-1 in TTV B3, respectively. The yield of acetate, iso-butyric acid, butyrate and ethanol was higher in ATV B3 and TTV B3 samples, reaching maximum values of 0.14; 0.28; And 0.69; 0.26 g g-1 total carbohydrates, respectively. There were no significant differences between pretreatment and enrichment methods inoculum, TA and TT as regards the production of butyric acid and ethanol. On a larger scale, operating at 1.5 L reactor, crude fermentation vinasse and molasses of sugar cane from AU microbial consortium showed potential for producing butanol as the solvent, since high concentrations of butyric acid was produced, with maximum concentration, yield and productivity of 13.85 g L-1 0.64 g g-1 and 199.98 mg h L-1, respectively. Microbiological characterization, pyrosequencing, revealed the occurrence in greater abundance of the genus Clostridium bacteria, particularly the AU and most abundant Lactobacillus in consortium TT and AT consortia. C. pasteurianum, known for the production of butanol was identified in AU consortium. However, this study represents an important step in the development of an industrial process for reuse of vinasse. The exploration of new microorganisms and study of the factors that interfere in fermentation process such as pH, temperature, nutrients, cultures, applied loads and characteristics of the substrate are critical for understanding the synergistic and antagonistic effects of culture associatio
Mestrado
Agua e Solo
Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola
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Lu, Congcong. "Butanol Production from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks by Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation with Integrated Product Recovery." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306823156.

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Markskog, Linda. "Investigation of butanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of genes linked to butanol tolerance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138357.

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The global warming on earth has been obvious since the 1950’s. Fossil fuels have a big impact on the observed warming and it is time to replace them with more environmentally friendly fuels. Biobutanol has been proven to be a preferred substitute to fossil fuels. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potential butanol producer. A problem in the biobutanol production is that the product, butanol, is toxic to the producer. In this study four S. cerevisiae strains were investigated for 1- and 2-butanol tolerance with spot tests and growth measurements with different concentrations of 1- and 2-butanol.  One of the four strains, an ale yeast, showed a higher tolerance for 1- and 2-butanol. 2-butanol was overall more tolerated by the yeast. The gene expression for the genes TMC1, LPL1, FLR1 and RPN4 was also investigated at exposure of 3 % 2-butanol. RPN4 is important in the proteasome protein degradation, which is associated with butanol tolerance. TMC1, LPL1 and FLR1 are associated to RPN4, which make them potential genes coupled to butanol tolerance. The genes TMC1 and RPN4 showed an up-regulation when exposed to 3 % 2-butanol. In conclusion, 2-butanol is preferred as a biofuel produced by ale yeast and the ideal genes to use in genetic engineering to achieve a higher butanol tolerance is TMC1 and RPN4. These results contribute to the development of an effective production of biobutanol by S. cerevisiae.
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Teixeira, Miguel Monteiro. "Mixotrophic fermentation for butanol production." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22401.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia
The current economy is still dominated by the fossil-based chemical industry that represents a nefarious contribution to the environment. To avoid the permanence of this industry, the necessity to optimize fermentations to cost-competitive processes started to arise. It is known that heterotrophic organisms can transform organic carbon into fermentation products with great economic interest. However, for most fermentations where sugars are used as carbon source, over one-third of the sugar carbon is lost to CO2. The CO2 evolves from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) glycolysis decarboxylation reaction that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. To overcome this carbon loss, one route to recapture evolved CO2 using the Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway (WLP), in a process called anaerobic, non-photosynthetic (ANP) mixotrophy, was reviewed in the present work. The ANP mixotrophy is defined as the concurrent utilization of organic (for example, sugars) and inorganic (for example, CO2) substrates in a single organism. Comparing with the EMP glycolysis, this metabolism allows higher productivities and lower CO2 emissions during fermentations. With the purpose of increasing the biobutanol productivity in anaerobic ABE fermentations performed by Clostridium beijerickii NCIMB 8052, a genetic engineering strategy was designed to enable the ANP mixotrophic metabolism in this strain. Through a set of different fermentations and bioinformatic researches, it was concluded that Clostridium beijerickii NCIMB 8052 is not naturally capable of performing the ANP mixotrophic metabolism due to a group of genes, considered as essential for the WLP, that were found to be missing in this strain. Several cloning techniques were used to insert and overexpress, via plasmid, these genes into Clostridium beijerickii NCIMB 8052. At the end, none of the genes were successfully transformed.
Os organismos heterotróficos têm a capacidade de metabolizar carbono orgânico para gerar produtos de fermentação indispensáveis para a sociedade atual. Numa economia ainda dominada pela industria química à base de recursos fósseis, a urgência em otimizar e viabilizar os processos fermentativos é cada vez mais significativa. Em fermentações onde os açucares são utilizados como fonte principal de carbono, sabe-se que cerca de um terço do carbono proveniente do açúcar é perdido na forma de CO2. Este fenómeno deve-se a uma reação de descarboxilação, durante a via glicolítica Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP), responsável por converter o piruvato em acetil-CoA. Numa tentativa de colmatar estas perdas de carbono, o presente trabalho revê uma via alternativa para recapturar o CO2 desenvolvido usando o metabolismo de fixação de CO2 Wood-Ljungdahl (WLP), num processo chamado fermentação mixotrófica anaeróbia, não-fotossintética (ANP). O mixotrofismo ANP, definido como a utilização simultânea de substratos orgânicos (como açucares) e inorgânicos (como CO2) por um único organismo, evita as perdas de carbono, aumentando os rendimentos de produção e reduzindo as emissões de CO2 durante as fermentações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de tentar aumentar a produtividade de biobutanol em fermentações anaeróbias Acetona-Butanol-Etanol (ABE) realizadas pela bactéria Clostridium beijerickii NCIMB 8052. Para isso delineou-se uma estratégia de engenharia genética para ativar o metabolismo ANP mixotrófico na estirpe em causa. Através de um conjunto de diferentes fermentações experimentais e de diferentes análises bioinformáticas, concluiu-se que C. beijerickii NCIMB 8052 não é capaz de realizar o metabolismo mixotrófico ANP de forma natural e que isso se deve à ausência, no seu genoma, de um grupo de genes considerados essenciais para o funcionamento do metabolismo de WLP. Usaram-se várias técnicas de clonagem na tentativa de inserir os respetivos genes, via plasmídeo, em C. beijerickii NCIMB 8052, mas não foram obtidos os resultados esperados. Comprovou-se que nenhum dos genes de interesse foi clonado com sucesso
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Chung, Gregory. "Planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide in isomeric butanol and butane stagnation flames." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107877.

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The significant efforts to reduce global fossil fuel dependence have led to the development of biofuels as an alternative. Despite their growing significance, alcohol biofuels still require fundamental study, particularly in the area of NOx emissions. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to obtain nitric oxide (NO) production profiles from stagnation flames of premixed n- and iso-butanol; n- and iso-butane flames were also measured to offer context with alkane fuels. PLIF measurements were corrected for laser sheet variations and non-radiative quenching by signalpost-processing and quantified with a NO-seeding calibration method. Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to characterize the centreline velocity of the experimental flow which was then used for chemical kinetic simulations of the experiment. Simulations were performed for n-butanol and n-butane flames with a combined NOxsubmechanism. Experimentally, butanol fuels were found to produce significantly less NO than butane fuels overall. Although both models accurately predict the production of NO in the post-flame region, there is a disparity in NO production occuring in theflame zone via the prompt-NO pathway, suggesting that the chemical kinetics in the mechanisms require modification. The n-butanol simulation shows poor agreement at all tested equivalence ratios, while n-butane performed poorly for the rich case. This study offers new experimental data to aid in further improvements in kinetic modelling of butanol and butane combustion, and NOx formation.
Les efforts significatifs pour réduire la dépendance globale aux hydrocarbures ont entraîné le développement de biocarburants comme alternative. Malgré leur importance accrue, les biocarburants a base d'alcool nécessitent toujours une étude fondamentale, particulièrement en ce qui à trait aux émissions d'oxydes d'azote (NOx). La fluorescence planaire induite par un laser (PLIF) est utilisée pour obtenir les profils de production d'oxyde nitrique (NO) à partir de flammes de stagnation pré-mélangées de n- et iso-butanol ainsi que de nand iso-butane pour mettre en contexte les carburants alcalins. Les mesures PLIF sont corrigées par un traitement ultérieur et quantifiées par une méthode de calibration. La vélocimétrie particule-image (PIV) est utilisée pour caractériser la vitesse de la ligne-médiane de l'écoulement expérimental qui est ensuite utilisée pour les simulations de cinétique chimique de la flamme expérimentale. Les simulations sont générées pour les flammes de n-butanol et de n-butane et sont combinée à un sous-mécanisme pour le NOx.Même si les deux modèles semblent bien prédire la production de NO dans la région après-flamme, il existe une disparité dans la production de NO dans la région de la flamme, ce qui suggère que les mécanismes cinétiques-chimiques requièrent amélioration. Le n-butanol démontre un piètre accord pour tous les ratios d'équivalence testés. Le n-butane, pour sa part, est imprécis pour le cas riche. Cette étude fourni de nouvelles données expérimentales qui aident à l'amélioration des modèles cinétiques-chimiques du butanol et du butane. Cette étude tend aussi à valider le sous-mécanisme du NOX pour de combustibles à chaînes plus longues.
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Natalense, Júlio César. "Prospecção tecnológica do biobutanol no contexto brasileiro de biocombustíveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-13082013-091628/.

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Dois exemplos de combustíveis renováveis em uso atualmente são bioetanol e biodiesel. Novas alternativas de combustíveis incluem etanol celulósico e biobutanol. Estes apresentam vantagens pois contribuem para uma melhor produtividade e otimização do uso de biomassa. Possuem ainda boas propriedades que garantem o bom desempenho como combustíveis. A pesquisa e interesse industrial têm crescido sobre o biobutanol, com melhorias no processo tradicional de fermentação ABE (Acetona-Butanol-Etanol), desenvolvimento de novos microorganismos para aumentar o rendimento e técnicas de separação para isolar o solvente do meio fermentativo. Algumas companhias anunciaram planos para a introdução de biobutanol em misturas com gasolina no mercado norte-americano. O interesse por biobutanol no Brasil como combustível ainda é limitado, pois a infraestrutura de comercialização já é adaptada ao uso de bioetanol, e a maior parte da frota de carros circulante utiliza motores adaptados ao uso do bioetanol. A cana-de-açúcar pode ser utilizada como matéria prima no processo produtivo do biobutanol, capacitando o Brasil a tornar-se um importante exportador para suprir o biobutanol para outros países. Em curto prazo, o biobutanol poderá ser produzido no Brasil para substituir o petro-butanol como solvente em aplicações industriais ou para o mercado de exportação como combustível. O presente trabalho propõe o uso da técnica technology roadmapping para o planejamento estratégico do desenvolvimento do biobutanol, alinhando os objetivos de longo prazo com os recursos, linhas de financiamento e prioridades para atender as necessidades do processo de desenvolvimento.
Two examples of renewable fuels in use today are bioethanol and biodiesel. New alternatives on biofuels include cellulosic ethanol and biobutanol. They present several advantages over the conventional biofuels, either in terms of better productivity and optimization of the use of biomass, as well as higher performance attributes. The research and industrial interest has grown on biobutanol, with improvements on the traditional ABE fermentation process, on the development of new microorganism strains to improve yield, and separation techniques to isolate the solvent. Companies have announced plans for the introduction of biobutanol in blends with gasoline in the north-american market. The interest on biobutanol as a fuel in Brazil is still limited, since the infrastructure is tailored to bioethanol already, and most of the car fleet uses engines adapted to this fuel. Sugar cane can be used as a potential feedstock in the butanol production process, enabling Brazil to become a key exporter to supply biobutanol to other countries. For the short future biobutanol will be produced in Brazil to replace petro-butanol as a solvent in industrial applications only, or for the export market as a fuel. This work proposes the use of technology roadmapping as a technique for long term strategic planning of the biobutanol development, aligning long term goals with the resources, funding, and priorities to fulfill the needs in the development process.
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Books on the topic "Butanol"

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Organisation, International Labour, International Program on Chemical Safety., United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, and WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Butanols (1985 : Geneva, Switzerland), eds. Butanols, four isomers: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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Richard, Irwin. NTP summary report on the metabolism, disposition, and toxicity of 1, 4-butanediol (cas no. 110-63-4). Research Triangle Park, NC: U,S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Toxicology Program, 1996.

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Singh, Anita, Richa Kothari, Somvir Bajar, and Vineet Veer Tyagi. Sustainable Butanol Biofuels. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408.

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International Program on Chemical Safety., International Labour Organisation, and United Nations Environment Programme, eds. tert-Butanol health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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International Program on Chemical Safety. tert-Butanol health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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International Program on Chemical Safety., International Labour Organisation, and United Nations Environment Programme, eds. 2-Butanol health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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International Program on Chemical Safety., International Labour Organisation, and United Nations Environment Programme, eds. 1-Butanol health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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United States. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Hazardous Materials Safety. and John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.), eds. Truck transport of hazardous chemicals, 1-Butanol. Cambridge, MA: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, 1995.

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Wayman, Morris. Develop a novel biomass catalysed pretreatment and hydrolysis for cosolvent fuel butanol and ethanol fermentation. Toronto: Morris Wayman Limited, 1987.

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Organisation, International Labour, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Health Organization, eds. Isobutanol health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Butanol"

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Ahmad, Shamshad, Anu Bharti, Mohd Islahul Haq, and Richa Kothari. "Bioeconomy: Current Status and Challenges." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 57–75. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-3.

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Bajar, Somvir, Anita Singh, Neha Yadav, Kavita Yadav, Anjali Prajapati, and Neeta Rani. "Current Status and Future Prospective on Different Generations of Biofuel Production." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 1–28. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-1.

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Kumari, Sonika, Pankaj Kumar, Veeramuthu Ashokkumar, Richa Kothari, Sheetal Rani, Jogendra Singh, and Vinod Kumar. "Butanol Biofuels: Current Status and Challenges." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 76–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-4.

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Kothari, Richa, Kajol Goria, Anu Bharti, Har Mohan Singh, Vinayak V. Pathak, Ashish Pathak, and V. V. Tyagi. "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs-7) for Bioeconomy with Bioenergy Sector." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 29–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-2.

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Singh, Renu, Sibananda Darjee, Bharti Rohtagi, Ashish Khandelwal, Sapna Langyan, Amit Kumar Singh, Manoj Shrivastava, Anu Bharti, Har Mohan Singh, and Sujata Kundan. "Biobutanol Production Using Nanotechnology: A Way Forward." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 241–57. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-12.

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Anita and Narendra Kumar. "Bio-butanol: Potential Feedstocks and Production Techniques." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 146–63. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-7.

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Nalawade, Ketaki, Vrushali Kadam, Shuvashish Behera, Kakasaheb Konde, and Sanjay Patil. "Mechanisms and Applications of Biofuel: Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 121–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-6.

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Kaur, Japleen, Zaheer Ud Din Sheikh, Anita Singh, Somvir Bajar, and Meenakshi Suhag. "Genetic Engineering in Butanol Production: Recent Trends." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 221–40. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-11.

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Bhatnagar, Kirti, Neha Jaiswal, Anju Patel, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava, and Arti Devi. "Biomaterial As Feedstocks for Butanol Biofuel: Lignocellulosic Biomass." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 164–81. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-8.

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Devi, Arti, Anita Singh, Somvir Bajar, and Deepak Pant. "Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Biomaterials for Butanol Production." In Sustainable Butanol Biofuels, 199–220. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165408-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Butanol"

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Morozova, Tatyana, and Sergey Semyonov. "Acetone-butanol fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for the butanol production." In PROSPECTS OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT (PFSD-2017): Proceedings of the XIV International Conference of Students and Young Scientists. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5009834.

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Alemahdi, Nika, Antonio Garcia, and Martin Tuner. "ɸ-Sensitivity Evaluation of n-Butanol and Iso-Butanol Blends with Surrogate Gasoline." In 16th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-24-0089.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Using renewable fuels is a reliable approach for decarbonization of combustion engines. iso-Butanol and n-butanol are known as longer chain alcohols and have the potential of being used as gasoline substitute or a renewable fraction of gasoline. The combustion behavior of renewable fuels in modern combustion engines and advanced combustion concepts is not well understood yet. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) is a concept that is a basis for some of the low emissions-high efficiency combustion technologies. Fuel ɸ-sensitivity is known as a key factor to be considered for tailoring fuels for these engines. The Lund ɸ-sensitivity method is an empirical test method for evaluation of the ɸ-sensitivity of liquid fuels and evaluate fuel behavior in thermal. iso-Butanol and n-butanol are two alcohols which like other alcohol exhibit nonlinear behavior when blended with (surrogate) gasoline in terms of RON and MON. In this study, first the Lund ɸ-sensitivity numbers of iso-butanol and n-butanol at CA50≈3°CA after TDC is measured. CA50 is the rank angle degree at which 50% of total accumulated heat is released. Then, the Lund ɸ-sensitivity number of iso-butanol at two later combustion phasing of CA50≈8 &amp; 6 °CA after TDC is evaluated. Finally, the Lund ɸ-sensitivity number of volumetric blends of iso-butanol and surrogate gasoline (RON≈87) were measured. The results show the ɸ-sensitivity of iso-butanol is lower than n-butanol which means the combustion behavior of iso-butanol is less sensitive to thermal and fuel stratification. The nonlinear behavior of Lund ɸ-sensitivity number of iso-butanol blends with surrogate gasoline is observed. As expected, the later combustion phasing lowers the Lund ɸ-sensitivity number of the tested fuel and increases the experimental range successfully.</div></div>
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Kumar, Vasu, Dhruv Gupta, Mohd Waqar Naseer Siddiquee, Aksh Nagpal, and Naveen Kumar. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of n-Butanol and Iso-Butanol Diesel Blend Comparison." In SAE 2015 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2819.

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Xu, Yuhao, and C. Thomas Avedisian. "THE BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF N-BUTANOL, GASOLINE, AND N-BUTANOL GASOLINE MIXTURE DROPLETS." In First Thermal and Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tfesc1.cbf.012802.

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Soloiu, Valentin, Marvin Duggan, Jabeous Weaver, Brian Vlcek, Spencer Harp, and Gustavo Molina. "RCCI Operation With PFI of n-Butanol and DI of Biodiesel Compared With DI of Binary Mixtures of n-Butanol and Biodiesel." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19245.

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In this study the Reactive Controlled Combustion Ignition (RCCI) obtained by early port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol and direct injection (DI) of biodiesel were compared with in cylinder direct injected binary mixture of n-butanol and biodiesel with the same mass ratio of 3:1 in both fuelling strategies. The combustion and emissions characteristics were investigated at 5 bars IMEP at 1400 rpm. The ignition for DI of n-butanol-biodiesel binary blends showed a delay by approximately 7.5°CAD compared with the PFI case. For the binary mixture, n-butanol-biodiesel, the combustion pressure has decreased by 50% compared to the PFI of butanol. The maximum in cylinder gas temperature decreased by 100K for the n-butanol-biodiesel mixture versus ULSD#2 and has also experienced a 10° CAD delay. The premixed charge combustion has been split into two regions of high temperature heat release, an early one BTDC, and a second stage, ATDC for the PFI strategy. Increasing the load to 7.5 bars IMEP, heavy knock occurred for the PFI case. The soot emissions showed a 90% decrease with n-butanol injection PFI and by 98% reduction for DI of n-butanol binary mixture with the biodiesel, while the NOx emissions were reduced by 40% in both cases. The aldehyde emissions exhibited a significant 95% decrease for the n-butanol-biodiesel binary mixture compared with the n-butanol PFI. The mechanical efficiency at 80% and thermal efficiency and 38% were found similar, for both fuelling strategies. The results of this work suggest that the DI of n-butanol-biodiesel binary mixtures is more effective in reducing emissions than PFI of n-butanol combined with DI of biodiesel and also less likely to produce knock.
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Yadav, Jaykumar, and Asvathanarayanan Ramesh. "Comparison of Single and Multiple Injection Strategies in a Butanol Diesel Dual Fuel Engine." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3211.

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A turbocharged three cylinder automotive common rail diesel engine was modified to operate in the n-butanol diesel dual fuel mode. The quantity of butanol injected by the port fuel injectors and the rail pressure, injection timing and number of injection pulses of diesel were varied using open engine controllers. Experiments were performed in the dual fuel mode at a constant speed of 1800 rpm at varying BMEPs. Butanol to diesel energy share (BDES) was varied and the injection timing of diesel was always set for highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Single pulse injection (SPI) and two pulse injection (TPI) of diesel were evaluated. In SPI with increase in butanol diesel energy share (BDES), BTE remained unchanged. At high loads and high BDES the heat release rate variation indicated that butanol auto ignited before diesel with both SPI and TPI of diesel. NO emission always decreased because of reduced temperatures due to evaporation of butanol. Butanol also reduced the smoke levels except at high loads. HC levels were always higher. With optimized injection parameters TPI of diesel resulted in lower NO, similar smoke and BTE with lesser rate of pressure rise as compared to SPI of diesel.
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Ratul, Tanjir H., Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy, and Subramanyam R. Gollahalli. "Effects of Equivalence Ratio on the Emission and Temperature Characteristics of Spray Flames of Jet A/Butanol Blends Under Lean Conditions." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86039.

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Butanol is an attractive alternate fuel because it can be produced from renewable sources and has properties similar to those of petroleum fuels. Thus, blending butanol with petroleum fuels is a promising solution to reduce the dependence on petroleum fuels. In a previous study, we investigated the differences in the structure and emissions of Jet A and Butanol flames. The objective of this investigation was to study the emission and in-flame temperature characteristics of spray flames of Jet A/butanol blends at two equivalence ratios: 0.75 and 0.95. In addition to pure Jet A and pure butanol, blends of Jet A with 25%, 50% and 75% volumetric concentrations of butanol were used as fuel. The liquid fuel was atomized and combusted with air in a heated environment (479 K). The equivalence ratio was changed by altering the fuel flow rate, while maintaining the atomizing and coflow air flow rates constant, thus maintaining gas velocity field invariant. The global emission index of CO varied non-monotonically with the volume concentration of butanol in the blend at the lower equivalence ratio whereas the variation was gradual at the higher equivalence ratio. The global NOx emission index decreased monotonically as the butnaol content was increased at both equivalence ratios. The global NOx emission index level in the flames at equivalence ratio of 0.95 was higher than that at equivalence ratio of 0.75. At 25% flame height, the peak reaction zone was located off-axis; this radial location moved further away from the centerline as the equivalence ratio was increased. The peak temperatures were comparable in all the flames. The flames with butanol highlighted the effects of preferential vaporization of butanol.
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Xu, Zhengxin, Mianzhi Wang, Jie Hou, Saifei Zhang, Jingping Liu, Wayne Chang, and Chia-fon F. Lee. "Development and Validation of a Reduced Toluene/N-Heptane/N-Butanol Mechanism for Combustion and Emission Prediction in IC Engine." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1157.

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The present study proposed a reduced mechanism for a fuel blend of toluene reference fuel (TRF, toluene/n-heptane) and n-butanol for modeling the combustion and soot formation processes of n-butanol/diesel blend fuel. A detailed reaction mechanism for n-butanol, consisting of 243 species and 1446 reactions, and a reduced TRF mechanism, containing 158 species and 468 reactions, were reduced separately and then combined to create a new TRF/n-butanol mechanism. The new TRF/n-butanol mechanism contained 107 species and 413 reactions. A multi-technique reduction methodology was used which included directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis (DRGEPSA), unimportant reaction elimination, reaction pathway analysis, and sensitivity analysis. In addition, a reduced 12-step NOx mechanism was combined with the TRF/n-butanol mechanism to predict NOx emissions. The proposed mechanism was also coupled with a multi-step soot model to predict the combustion and soot formation processes. The proposed mechanism was validated using available ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds and species concentration profiles from shock tubes, flat flame burner and jet stirred reactors. Good agreements were found for the above comparisons and with results from detailed mechanisms. Furthermore, multi-dimensional CFD simulations were conducted by using the KIVA-3V R2 code coupled with the preconditioned Krylov method. The effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), injection timing and blending ratio of n-butanol on combustion and NOx formation were analyzed and validated experimental data. The pressure, heat release rate, NOx, and soot emissions with respect to fuel blends, EGR rates and start of injection (SOI) timings agreed well with the experimental results. With increasing n-butanol content, both experimental and calculated soot emission decreased, demonstrating that butanol additive was capable of reducing soot emission compared to pure diesel. Both experiments and models revealed that soot emissions peak occurred at SOI close to TDC. The proposed mechanism can readily be used to predict the combustion and soot formation processes of butanol-diesel blends fuel in combustion CFD simulations.
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Morovati, Mostafa, Hitesh Bindra, Shuji Esaki, and Masahiro Kawaji. "Enhancement of Pool Boiling and Critical Heat Flux in Self-Rewetting Fluids at Above Atmospheric Pressures." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44593.

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Pool boiling experiments have been conducted with a self-rewetting fluid consisting of an aqueous butanol solution to study the boiling heat transfer enhancement at pressures of 1 ∼ 4 bars. Although self-rewetting fluids have been used to enhance the performance of heat pipes, boiling heat transfer characteristics are yet to be fully understood especially at pressures above atmospheric. Pool boiling experiments with aqueous butanol solutions were performed using an electrically heated platinum wire to obtain pool boiling heat transfer data up to the Critical Heat Flux (CHF). Aqueous butanol solutions with butanol concentrations 2–7% showed enhanced heat transfer coefficients and CHF data at various pressure levels. In comparison to water, aqueous butanol solutions showed 20–270% higher values of CHF at pressures up to 4 bars. The bubble sizes were also observed to be significantly smaller in self-rewetting fluids compared to those in water at the same pressure. This observation was consistent even at higher pressures. However, for the highest butanol concentration tested (7%), the CHF enhancement was diminished at higher pressures.
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Muelas, Álvaro, Pilar Remacha, Adrián Martínez, and Javier Ballester. "Combustion Behavior of Jet A Droplets and its Blends With Butanol." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64181.

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Abstract:
In light of the potential of butanol as an alternative fuel for blending with petroleum fuels such as gasoline, diesel or Jet A, experimental data regarding the burning characteristics of these blends are required in order to better understand their combustion process. In this study, freely-falling droplets of butanol, Jet A, and their mixtures (10, 20 and 50% butanol by volume) were examined in a combustion chamber which provides representative conditions of real flames, both in terms of temperature and oxygen availability. The combustion characteristics reported here include evolution of droplet sizes, burning rates, soot measurements, and the occurrence of microexplosions and soot shells. Results show that the evolution of droplet diameter for butanol, Jet A and their blends are very similar, regardless of the obvious compositional differences. Sooting behaviors are found to be quite different, with a clear reduction in the sooting propensity as the butanol content in the fuel increases. These results are consistent with a previous study in a gas turbine showing similar performance among Jet A and its blends with butanol, suggesting that such mixtures are promising alternative fuels with very similar combustion characteristics to Jet A, but with much less propensity to soot. Moreover, this study provides new results on the combustion properties of Jet A/butanol blends, for which very scarce data exist in the open literature.
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Reports on the topic "Butanol"

1

Lee, Ivan C., Jeffrey G. St. Clair, and Adam S. Gamson. Catalytic Oxidative Dehydration of Butanol Isomers: 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol, and Isobutanol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada550017.

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Fushimi, Kazuyo, Eiji Kinoshita, and Yasufumi Yoshimoto. Effect of Butanol Isomer on Diesel Combustion Characteristics of Butanol/Gas Oil Blend. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9097.

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You Mak, Kayley, Erik Hanschen, and Blake Hovde. Bacterial bioremediation of n-butanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1902069.

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Chen, Jiann-Shin. Enzymology of acetone-butanol-isopropanol formation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7147408.

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Chen, Jiann-Shin. Enzymology of acetone-butanol-isopropanol formation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5531414.

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Chen, Jiann-Shin. Enzymology of acetone-butanol-isopropanol formation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6849263.

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Chen, Jiann-Shin. Enzymology of acetone-butanol-isopropanol formation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6871775.

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Ramey, David E., and Shang-Tian Yang. Production of Butyric Acid and Butanol from Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/843183.

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Kinoshita, Eiji, Kazunori Hamasaki, and Ryota Imabayashi. Diesel Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel with 1-Butanol. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-32-0590.

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Jeor, Jeffery D., David W. Reed, Dayna L. Daubaras, and Vicki S. Thompson. Development of a High Temperature Microbial Fermentation Processfor Butanol Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1367541.

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