Journal articles: 'Butanol'

1

Ahmed M.Abbas and Zainab Abbas Al-Dulaimy. "Some Thermodynmic Properties of binary Mixtures of Alcohol isomers and Sulfolane at 298.15K." journal of the college of basic education 22, no. 96 (December 27, 2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v22i96.9012.

Full text

Abstract:

The refractive indices, nD densities , and viscosities h of binary mixtures of sulfolane + n -butanol + sec- butanol + iso- butanol + tert – butanol + n-propanol and iso- propanol were measured at 298.15K. Form experimental data, excess molar volum VE , excess molar refractivity nD, excess molar viscosityhE and excess molar Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow DG*E were calculated. From n-propanol – sulfolane and iso- propanol sulfolane mixtures showed negative nD, n-butanol – sulfolane, sec-butanal – sulfolane, iso-butanol – sulfolane and tert- butanol sulfolane , DnD was positive over the whole mole fraction rang , while VE, hE and DG*E show a negative deviation. The results obtained for binary mixtures suggest two types of molecular interaction. One is the formation of new stable complexes between the sulfone group of sulfolane and the hydroxyl group of alcohols and the second is related to the participation in destroying the mixture structure and forming a new structure. Excess molar quantities of these binary mixtures were found to be affected directly by the position of hydroxyl group and the steric associated with the methyl group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Fu, Shuai, Dan Li, Tinghao Liu, Lijuan Liu, Huaqing Yang, and Changwei Hu. "Mechanism Insight into Catalytic Performance of Ni12P5 over Ni2P toward the Catalytic Deoxygenation of Butyric Acid." Catalysts 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050569.

Full text

Abstract:

The Ni/P ratio of nickel phosphide has an important effect on the catalytic performance toward the deoxygenation of fatty acids to biofuel. The Ni12P5 cluster is preferred to model Ni12P5 catalyst with butyric acid as the reactant model of palmitic acid. The catalytic deoxygenation mechanism of butyric acid over Ni12P5 cluster has been theoretically investigated at GGA-PBE/DSPP, DNP level in dodecane solution. From butyric acid, the hydrodehydration is predominated to form n-butanal. Then, from n-butanal, low temperature benefits the hydroreduction to form butanol and then hydrodehydration to produce n-butane, whereas high temperature favors the direct decarbonylation to yield propane. n-Butane originates from n-butanol through hydrodehydration and not from n-butylene. Propane comes from n-butanal through decarbonylation and not from propanol and/or propylene. Additionally, CO stems from n-butanal through decarbonylation, whereas CO2 is ruled out from butyric acid through decarboxylation. Compared with Ni12P6 cluster, Ni12P5 cluster exhibits higher catalytic activity for the formation of butanal, n-butanol, and n-butane, while it displays lower catalytic activity toward the direct decarbonylation and dehydration to yield propylene. These results can be attributed to less negative charges of Ni-sites over Ni12P5 cluster, compared with Ni12P6 cluster.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sekhar, M. Chandra, Dereje Wakgari, Dunkana Negussa Kenie, and K. Chandrasekhar Reddy. "Study of Intermolecular Interactions between 2-Chloroaniline Isomeric Butanol Complexes in Gas Phase by Using DFT, NBO, QTAIM and RDG Analysis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 3 (2019): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21651.

Full text

Abstract:

Density functional theoretical (DFT) studies on intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between self and cross-associated molecular complexes of 2-chloroaniline and isomeric butanols (e.g., 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-butanol and1-butanol) have been analyzed in gas phase. Thirteen 2-chloroaniline isomeric butanol complexes are analyzed at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level regarding their geometries, bond characteristics and interaction energies. The second-order perturbation stabilization energy has been calculated by natural bond orbitals analysis. Barder's quantum theory of atoms in molecules are employed to elucidate electron density (ρ) as well as its Laplacian (∇2ρ) of the complexes. Further to evaluate the strong and weak interactions between the selected molecular complexes non-covalent interactions plots we used the reduced gradient method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Riggio, Roque, Hector E. Martinez, Norma Z. De Salas, Miriam D. De Toigo, and Juan F. Ramos. "Excess properties for cyclohexanone + butanols at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-156.

Full text

Abstract:

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes of the binary systems cyclohexanone + n-butanol, + sec-butanol, and + 2-methyl-1-propanol have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The excess values of molar volume, viscosity, Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, and internal pressure were calculated from experimental measurements. Based on the variations of the excess functions with composition, conclusions about the molecular interactions in these kinds of mixtures were obtained. Keywords: excess properties, binary mixtures, butanols, cyclohexanone.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Riggio, Roque, Juan F. Ramos, and Hector E. Martinez. "Excess properties for acetophenone + butanols at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-173.

Full text

Abstract:

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes of binary systems acetophenone + n-butanol, + sec-butanol, and + 2-methyl-1-propanol have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The excess values of molar volume, viscosity, Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, and internal pressure were calculated from experimental measurements. Based on the variations of the excess functions with composition, conclusions about the molecular interactions in these kinds of mixtures were obtained.Key words: excess properties, binary mixtures, butanols, acetophenone.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ueda, Yoshinori, Wei Zhao, Hideshi Ihara, Yoshihiro Imahori, Eleni Tsantili, Sumithra Wendakoon, Alan Chambers, and Jinhe Bai. "Functional Characteristics of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Its Involvement in Aromatic Volatile Biosynthesis in Postharvest Banana Ripening." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030347.

Full text

Abstract:

Butanol vapor feeding to ripe banana pulp slices produced abundant butyl butanoate, indicating that a portion of butanol molecules was converted to butanoate/butanoyl-CoA via butanal, and further biosynthesized to ester. A similar phenomenon was observed when feeding propanol and pentanol, but was less pronounced when feeding hexanol, 2-methylpropanol and 3-methylbutanol. Enzymes which catalyze the cascade reactions, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetyl-CoA synthetase, and alcohol acetyl transferase, have been well documented. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which is presumed to play a key role in the pathway to convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids, has not been reported yet. The conversion is an oxygen-independent metabolic pathway and is enzyme-catalyzed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as the cofactor. Crude ALDH was extracted from ripe banana pulps, and the interference from ADH was removed by two procedures: (1) washing off elutable proteins which contain 95% of ADH, but only about 40% of ALDH activity, with the remaining ALDH extracted from the pellet residues at the crude ALDH extraction stage; (2) adding an ADH inhibitor in the reaction mixture. The optimum pH of the ALDH was 8.8, and optimum phosphate buffer concentration was higher than 100 mM. High affinity of the enzyme was a straight chain of lower aldehydes except ethanal, while poor affinity was branched chain aldehydes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Brei, Volodymyr. "OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS OVER CERIUM-OXIDE CATALYST: CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF THE REACTION AND THE CHEMICAL SHIFT δ (R13 COH)." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.8.2019.66-72.

Full text

Abstract:

The oxidation of thirteen alcohols over sup-ported CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst with 10 wt.% of CeO2 have been studied using a desorption mass-spec-trometry technique. A catalyst sample 4–6 mg in quartz cuvette was evacuated at 100 0C, cooled to room temperature, and then adsorption of a alco-hol was provided. After vacuumation of alcohol excess, the TPR profiles of products of alcohol oxidation were recorded at sweep rate 2 a.u.m./sec and heating rate of 15 0C/min using MX-7304A monopole mass- spectrometer. Identification of formed aldehydes and ketones was provided on the bases of their characteristic ions in obtained mass-spectra, namely, acetaldehyde (m/e = 29, 44); pro-panal (29, 58); acetone (43, 58); butanal (44, 43); methyl propanal (43, 41, 72), 2-butanon (43, 72); methoxyacetone (45, 43); cyclohexanone (55); ace-tophenone (105, 77); benzaldehyde (77, 106). It was shown that the oxidation of several alcohols pro-ceeds in a wide temperature interval from 130 to 280 0C. So, peak of formaldehyde formation from me-thanol adsorbed on CeO2/Al2O3 is observed at 280 0C whereas peaks of methyl glyoxal and water formation from adsorbed hydroxyacetone are re-corded at 135 0 C. The linear correlation between activation energy of reaction and chemical shift δ (R13COH) of studied alcohols was found as Ea= 183 –1.4δ (kJ/mol). Respectively, the maximum oxi-dation rate, for instance, for methanol (50 ppm) is observed at 280 0C, for ethanol (58 ppm) at 215 0C, for n-butanol (62 ppm) at 200 0C, for n-propanol (64 ppm) at 190 0C, for 2-butanol (69 ppm) at 160 0C, for hydroxyacetone (69 ppm) at 135 0C, and for 1-phenylethanol (70 ppm) at 130 0C. Thus, ability of alcohols to oxidation decreases with increase of their electronic density on carbon atom of alcohol group in following order: 1-phenyl ethanol ≈ hyd-roxyacetone ≈ cyclohexanol > allyl alcohol ≈ 2-bu-anol ≈ i-butanol ≈ i-propanol > methoxypropanol-2 ≈ n-propanol ≈ n-butanol ≈ benzyl alcohol ≈ ethanol >> methanol. On an example of ethanol, the scheme of alcohol oxidation on ceria that assumes the addition of atomic oxygen to C–H bond of alcoho-lic group with intermediate acetaldehyde hydrate formation is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tsuchikawa, Satoru, and H. W. Siesler. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Diffusion Process of Deuterium-Labeled Molecules in Wood. Part I: Softwood." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 6 (June 2003): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322005364.

Full text

Abstract:

The diffusion process of several molecules (D2O, n-butanol (OD) and t-butanol (OD)) in softwood (Sitka spruce) was investigated by means of a deuterium exchange method and Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) polarization spectroscopy. The location of OH groups in different states of order of cellulose in wood was clarified by analyzing the FT-NIR transmission spectra ranging from 7200 to 6000 cm−1. Four absorption bands were assigned to 2 × v(OH) absorptions of the amorphous regions, OH groups in semi-crystalline regions, and two types of intramolecular hydrogen-bonded OH groups in the crystalline regions, respectively. The saturation level of accessibility was very different for these absorption bands (i.e., 70–80, 60, and 40–50% for the amorphous, semi-crystalline, and crystalline regions, respectively). However, the saturation accessibilities for each absorption band varied little with molecular structure and geometry of the diffusants. The diffusion rate of D2O was much faster than that of n-butanol (OD) and t-butanol (OD) for all states of orders. The size effect of the butanols led to slight differences in the diffusive transport in the crystalline regions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Teruaki Muramatsu, and Masahiro Kato. "Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for three binary systems of 2-butanone with 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-butanol, or 2-butanol." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 37, no. 2 (April 1992): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00006a007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

MOHAMMED, Bushra Sumayya, Poornesh SUTRAMAY, Samreen AHMADI, Salma FATHIMA, Srinitha ASKANI, Pruthvi Charan JAMBIGA, Ramya THUMMA, Sunitha Bai DHARAVATH, and Shasthree TADURI. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA LEAF, STEM AND ROOT EXTRACTS." Journal of Plant Development 30, no. 1 (2023): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2023.30.1.927.

Full text

Abstract:

Erythrina variegata is a potent medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. Present investigation was carried out the preliminary phytochemical screening of the Erythrina variegata to evaluate the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, quinones, saponins by using different parts of the plant extracts such as leaf, stem and root in five different solvent systems (methanol, butanol, chloroform, ethanol, and distilled water) by cold maceration technique. According to our evaluation the high intensity of secondary metabolites like alkaloids and glycosides were strongly observed in leaf butanol extract and complete absence of saponins except in aqueous solvent was seen. In stem extracts butanol and chloroform were more efficient solvents for alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and moderate for phenols and steroids. The results of root extract revealed the strong presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides inbutanol extract. Due to its efficiency in butanolic extract Erythrina variegata was used to test anti-bacterial activity. Which showed the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis in leaf and root extract whereas in stem butanolic extract highest zone of inhibition was against Proteus vulgaris.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Stringat, R., G. Fabre, M. Alessandri, and R. Fellous. "Pulsed-Laser Induced Chain Addition Reaction of Butanal to Diethyl Maleate." Laser Chemistry 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/82368.

Full text

Abstract:

By irradiation of a 5/1 mixture of butanal and diethyl maleate with a pulsed Nd-YAG laser (10 Hz, 13 ns), frequency tripled (λ = 355 nm), diethyl butanoyl succinate is formed by addition. The quantum yield is greater than 1 which means that a chain mechanism occurs which was not the case in previous studies with a mercury lamp. The quantum yield is a function of light intensity and can reach 280 in the range explored (I = 3020 to I = 0.303 KW.cm-2). The excited aldehyde produces the two radicals nPr-ĊHOH and nPr—ĊO. The nucleophilic acyl radical reacts on the diethyl maleate to form an intermediary radical which givs the adduct and a new acyl radical in the presence of an aldehyde molecule. The second radical nPr—ĊHOH captures a hydrogen from the aldehyde producing another acyl radical and butanol.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jones, Daniel R., Sarwat Iqbal, Simon A. Kondrat, Giacomo M. Lari, Peter J. Miedziak, David J. Morgan, Stewart F. Parker, and Graham J. Hutchings. "An investigation of the effect of carbon support on ruthenium/carbon catalysts for lactic acid and butanone hydrogenation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 26 (2016): 17259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp01311b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Bai, Xue, Jing Lan, Shanru He, Tingting Bu, Jie Zhang, Lulu Wang, Xiaoling Jin, et al. "Structural and Biochemical Analyses of the Butanol Dehydrogenase from Fusobacterium nucleatum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032994.

Full text

Abstract:

Butanol dehydrogenase (BDH) plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of butanol in bacteria by catalyzing butanal conversion to butanol at the expense of the NAD(P)H cofactor. BDH is an attractive enzyme for industrial application in butanol production; however, its molecular function remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we found that Fusobacterium nucleatum YqdH (FnYqdH) converts aldehyde into alcohol by utilizing NAD(P)H, with broad substrate specificity toward aldehydes but not alcohols. An in vitro metal ion substitution experiment showed that FnYqdH has higher enzyme activity in the presence of Co2+. Crystal structures of FnYqdH, in its apo and complexed forms (with NAD and Co2+), were determined at 1.98 and 2.72 Å resolution, respectively. The crystal structure of apo- and cofactor-binding states of FnYqdH showed an open conformation between the nucleotide binding and catalytic domain. Key residues involved in the catalytic and cofactor-binding sites of FnYqdH were identified by mutagenesis and microscale thermophoresis assays. The structural conformation and preferred optimal metal ion of FnYqdH differed from that of TmBDH (homolog protein of FnYqdH). Overall, we proposed an alternative model for putative proton relay in FnYqdH, thereby providing better insight into the molecular function of BDH.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mohapatra, U. S., G. S. Roy, and S. K. Dash. "Dipole Moment Studies ofn-butanol,i-butanol andt-butanol with Chlorobenzene Complexes." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 39, no. 4 (July 2001): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319100108031675.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fan, Yunchu, Yaozong Duan, Dong Han, Xinqi Qiao, and Zhen Huang. "Influences of isomeric butanol addition on anti-knock tendency of primary reference fuel and toluene primary reference fuel gasoline surrogates." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419850704.

Full text

Abstract:

The anti-knock tendency of blends of butanol isomers and two gasoline surrogates (primary reference fuels and toluene primary reference fuels) was studied on a single-cylinder cooperative fuel research engine. The effects of butanol molecular structure (n-butanol, i-butanol, s-butanol and t-butanol) and butanol addition percentage on fuel research octane numbers were investigated. The experimental results revealed that butanol addition to either PRF80 or TPRF80 increased research octane numbers, and the research octane numbers of fuel blends showed higher linearity with the molar percentage than with the volumetric percentage of butanol addition. Furthermore, the research octane number boosting effects of butanol isomers were observed to change with the fuel compositions, that is, i-butanol >s-butanol >n-butanol >t-butanol for primary reference fuels and i-butanol >s-butanol >t-butanol >n-butanol for toluene primary reference fuels. In addition, butanol/primary reference fuel blends exhibited higher research octane numbers than butanol/toluene primary reference fuel blends. We thereafter tried to elucidate the underlying fuel combustion kinetics for the observed anti-knock quality of different butanol/gasoline surrogate blends. It was found that the measured research octane numbers of fuel blends showed the best correlation with the calculated ignition delay times at the thermodynamic condition of 770 K and 2 MPa, and the reaction sensitivity analysis in auto-ignition at this condition revealed that the H-abstraction reactions of butanol isomers by OH radical suppressed fuel reactivity, thus elevating the fuel research octane numbers when butanol was added to the gasoline surrogates. Compared with the butanol/primary reference fuel blends, the positive sensitive reactions related to n-heptane were of higher importance, while the inhibitive effects of sensitive reactions related to butanol and iso-octane decreased for the toluene primary reference fuel/butanol blends, thus leading to lower research octane numbers of the toluene primary reference fuel/butanol blends than those of the butanol/primary reference fuel blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Colmenar, Inmaculada, Pilar Martin, Beatriz Cabañas, Sagrario Salgado, Araceli Tapia, and Inmaculada Aranda. "Atmospheric fate of a series of saturated alcohols: kinetic and mechanistic study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 699–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-699-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The atmospheric fate of a series of saturated alcohols (SAs) was evaluated through kinetic and reaction product studies with the main atmospheric oxidants. These SAs are alcohols that could be used as fuel additives. Rate coefficients (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1) measured at ∼298 K and atmospheric pressure (720±20 Torr) were as follows: k1 ((E)-4-methylcyclohexanol + Cl) = (3.70±0.16) ×10-10, k2 ((E)-4-methylcyclohexanol + OH) = (1.87±0.14) ×10-11, k3 ((E)-4-methylcyclohexanol + NO3) = (2.69±0.37) ×10-15, k4 (3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol + Cl) = (2.69±0.16) ×10-10, k5 (3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol + OH) = (5.33±0.16) ×10-12, k6 (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol + Cl) = (1.21±0.07) ×10-10, and k7 (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol + OH) = (10.50±0.25) ×10-12. The main products detected in the reaction of SAs with Cl atoms (in the absence/presence of NOx), OH radicals, and NO3 radicals were (E)-4-methylcyclohexanone for the reactions of (E)-4-methylcyclohexanol, 3,3-dimethylbutanal for the reactions of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol, and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone for the reactions of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol. Other products such as formaldehyde, 2,2-dimethylpropanal, and acetone have also been identified in the reactions of Cl atoms and OH radicals with 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol. In addition, the molar yields of the reaction products were estimated. The products detected indicate a hydrogen atom abstraction mechanism at different sites on the carbon chain of alcohol in the case of Cl reactions and a predominant site in the case of OH and NO3 reactions, confirming the predictions of structure–activity relationship (SAR) methods. Tropospheric lifetimes (τ) of these SAs have been calculated using the experimental rate coefficients. Lifetimes are in the range of 0.6–2 d for OH reactions, 7–13 d for NO3 radical reactions, and 1–3 months for Cl atoms. In coastal areas, the lifetime due to the reaction with Cl decreases to hours. The calculated global tropospheric lifetimes, and the polyfunctional compounds detected as reaction products in this work, imply that SAs could contribute to the formation of ozone and nitrated compounds at local, regional, and even global scales. Therefore, the use of saturated alcohols as additives in diesel blends should be considered with caution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Islam, Mohammed J., Marta Granollers Mesa, Amin Osatiashtiani, Martin J. Taylor, Mark A. Isaacs, and Georgios Kyriakou. "The Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde on PdCu Single Atom Alloy Catalysts." Nanomaterials 13, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13081434.

Full text

Abstract:

Recyclable PdCu single atom alloys supported on Al2O3 were applied to the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to elucidate the minimum number of Pd atoms required to facilitate the sustainable transformation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl molecule. It was found that, by diluting the Pd content of the alloy, the reaction activity of Cu nanoparticles can be accelerated, enabling more time for the cascade conversion of butanal to butanol. In addition, a significant increase in the conversion rate was observed, compared to bulk Cu/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts when normalising for Cu and Pd content, respectively. The reaction selectivity over the single atom alloy catalysts was found to be primarily controlled by the Cu host surface, mainly leading to the formation of butanal but at a significantly higher rate than the monometallic Cu catalyst. Low quantities of crotyl alcohol were observed over all Cu-based catalysts but not for the Pd monometallic catalyst, suggesting that it may be a transient species converted immediately to butanol and or isomerized to butanal. These results demonstrate that fine-tuning the dilution of PdCu single atom alloy catalysts can leverage the activity and selectivity enhancement, and lead to cost-effective, sustainable, and atom-efficient alternatives to monometallic catalysts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Okano, Tsukasa, Hideo Ogawa, and Sachio Murakami. "Molar excess volumes, isentropic compressions, and isobaric heat capacities of methanol – isomeric butanol systems at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-124.

Full text

Abstract:

Molar excess volumes, molar excess isentropic compressions, and molar excess isobaric heat capacities for binary liquid mixtures of methanol with 2-methylpropanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol have been determined at 298.15 K. The concentration dependence and magnitude of these thermodynamic functions are quite different from those of the methanol – 1-butanol system, which had been previously determined. Molar excess volumes for two of the present systems are positive over the whole concentration range, except for the 2-methyl-2-propanol system. For the latter system they are negative in the butanol-rich range. Molar excess isentropic compressions of these systems show slightly different concentration dependence from that of the excess volumes, but the order in magnitude resembles that of the excess volumes. Molar excess isobaric heat capacities for all systems are negative and show simple concentration dependence. The minimum values of excess heat capacities are correlated with the magnitude of molar isobaric heat capacities of the pure isomeric butanols. The behavior of these excess functions is discussed with reference to the differences in numbers and strength of hydrogen bonding between the pure liquid and the solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Vijay Kumar, Bharat Singh, Manish Saraswat, and Rishu Chabra. "Butanol Used as a Potential Alternative Fuel Blend with N-Decane and Diesel in CI Engines for Marine Application." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2024): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v1i1.1334.

Full text

Abstract:

For compression ignition engines, butanol is the most promising alternative fuel, in comparison with other alcoholic fuels. Butanol is superior to other alcoholic fuels because it has excellent physical and chemical properties that make it appropriate for diesel fuel blends. When butanol and diesel are blended, butanol is fully miscible in all proportions. Because butanol is hygroscopic, it does not absorb moisture from the environment. Because acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation may create butanol, it is commonly touted as a possible biofuel. This research is a significant step in gaining a thorough understanding of the effects of butanol on the fuel based on hydrocarbon. The fuel's molecular interactions mixes are studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Binary mixes of butanol and n-decane, are investigated initially. After that, the mixture of butanol and diesel is investigated. When butanol is mixed with diesel, it forms strong bonds including the components of biodiesel that contain groups of esters. Furthermore, the possibility of employing Infrared spectroscopy for numerical mix analysis is assessed. The spectra are provided to enable a highly precise determination of the butanol concentration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Fujiwara-Tsujii, N., H. Yasui, S. Wakamura, F. Mochizuki, and N. Arakaki. "Age-dependent changes in the ratio of (R)- and (S)-2-butanol released by virgin females of Dasylepida ishigakiensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 6 (July 10, 2012): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000363.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe females of the white grub beetle, Dasylepida ishigakiensis, release two enantiomers of 2-butanol, (R)-2-butanol and (S)-2-butanol. The ratio describing the relative proportions of these two enantiomers (R/S ratio) has not yet been investigated. (R)-2-Butanol has been shown to attract males in laboratory and field experiments, whereas (S)-2-butanol tends to inhibit them. To determine the R/S ratio of the 2-butanol emitted by virgin females, we collected 2-butanol from young (53 days old), mature (63 days old) and old females (73 days old) using water, extracted with an SPME fibre and subsequently injected into GC-MS. The major component of the 2-butanol emitted by the young females was (R)-2-butanol, but as the females aged, the component ratio favoured (S)-2-butanol. Young females released an 80:20 mixture of (R)- and (S)-2-butanol, whereas old females released a 45:55 mixture. The EAG response of male antennae to a 50:50 ratio (racemic mixture) showed a similar dose-response curve to that of (R)-2-butanol. The male orientation responses to (R)-2-butanol decreased when the relative proportion of (S)-2-butanol increased. An inhibitory and/or masking effect of (S)-2-butanol on male orientation behaviour was also observed in the flight tunnel assay. These results suggest that males are more strongly attracted to young females than to old females. We also discuss the possibility of using 2-butanol isomers as a control or monitoring agent for this insect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lin, Zhangnan, Wei Cong, and Jian’an Zhang. "Biobutanol Production from Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation: Developments and Prospects." Fermentation 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2023): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090847.

Full text

Abstract:

With global carbon emissions and environmental issues becoming increasingly prominent, there is an increasing focus on the development of clean energy, and biobutanol has gained widespread attention due to its superior performance. Butanol production by fermentation is affected by various factors, such as raw materials, cultivation environment, and butanol toxicity, which results in lower butanol production and restricts its industrial development. This article elaborates on the research progress of butanol fermentation, including butanol-producing microorganisms, butanol synthesis metabolic pathways, raw materials for ABE fermentation, and butanol fermentation technologies. It also looks forward to the prospects of biobutanol, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the research direction of butanol fermentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Naqvi, Syeda Fakehha, Iqra Haider Khan, and Arshad Javaid. "Detection of Compounds and Efficacy of N-Butanol Stem Extract of Chenopodium Murale L. Against Fusarium Oxysporum F.SP. Lycopersici." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i4.63483.

Full text

Abstract:

An in vitro study was conducted to assess the antifungal efficacy and potential antifungal compounds of n-butanol fraction of methanolic stem extract of Chenopodium murale L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. In order to get n-butanolic fraction, the methanolic extract was partitioned using n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate to separate non-polar and low polarity compounds. Finally, n-butanol fraction was separated and its 8 concentrations ranging from 1.562 to 200 mg/ml were assessed for antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. There was 1 to 100% reduction in biomass of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici due to these concentrations. GC-MS analysis of n-butanol fraction showed 25 compounds in it. Literature survey showed that among the identified compounds, 10 showed antifungal activities against different fungi. These antifungal compounds included 2-heptanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 1- nonyne, decane, tridecane, palmitic acid, 3-octanone and β-sitosterol, could be responsible for antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in the present study. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 663-668, 2022 (December)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Schiel-Bengelsdorf, Bettina, José Montoya, Sonja Linder, and Peter Dürre. "Butanol fermentation." Environmental Technology 34, no. 13-14 (July 2013): 1691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.827746.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Huang, Hui Yan, Xiao Ju Zhang, Heng Jiang Li, Jiang Lu, and Shi Jie Li. "Biofuel Fermentation by Hyperbutanol-Producing Mutants in Sweet Corn Stalk Juice Medium." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.163.

Full text

Abstract:

Clostridium acetobutylicum parent strain was treated by ultraviolet irradiation at different minutes. The UV treated strains were cultivated in cornmeal medium with butanol added to the medium prior to cultivation. By increasing butanol content gradually in the medium, high butanol tolerance mutants were screened. Results show that mutants by UV treated for 4 minutes display best butanol tolerance and high butanol productivity. With 12g/L butanol added in the medium, the mutants still grow rapidly and accumulated 18.0g/L butanol at the end of 69 hr cultivation. Using sweet corn stalk juice as raw material, the maximum butanol produced by fermentation with the mutants reached 15.3g/L and 18.3g/L in batch and fed-batch fermentation respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Macholz, R. "1-Butanol Health and Safety Guide (a companion volume to Environmental Health Criteria 65: Butanols - Four Isomers: 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol. tert-Butanol, Isobutanol). 38 Seiten. World Health Organization, Geneva 1987. Preis: 5,— Sw. fr." Food / Nahrung 33, no. 4 (1989): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19890330432.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Choi, Heeyoung, Jeehoon Han, and Jechan Lee. "Renewable Butanol Production via Catalytic Routes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 11749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211749.

Full text

Abstract:

Fluctuating crude oil price and global environmental problems such as global warming and climate change lead to growing demand for the production of renewable chemicals as petrochemical substitutes. Butanol is a nonpolar alcohol that is used in a large variety of consumer products and as an important industrial intermediate. Thus, the production of butanol from renewable resources (e.g., biomass and organic waste) has gained a great deal of attention from researchers. Although typical renewable butanol is produced via a fermentative route (i.e., acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of biomass-derived sugars), the fermentative butanol production has disadvantages such as a low yield of butanol and the formation of byproducts, such as acetone and ethanol. To avoid the drawbacks, the production of renewable butanol via non-fermentative catalytic routes has been recently proposed. This review is aimed at providing an overview on three different emerging and promising catalytic routes from biomass/organic waste-derived chemicals to butanol. The first route involves the conversion of ethanol into butanol over metal and oxide catalysts. Volatile fatty acid can be a raw chemical for the production of butanol using porous materials and metal catalysts. In addition, biomass-derived syngas can be transformed to butanol on non-noble metal catalysts promoted by alkali metals. The prospect of catalytic renewable butanol production is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Arsov, Alexander, Penka Petrova, Maria Gerginova, Lidia Tsigoriyna, Nadya Armenova, Ina Ignatova, and Kaloyan Petrov. "Bacterial Tolerance to 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol: Quantitative Assessment and Transcriptomic Response." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 24 (December 12, 2024): 13336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413336.

Full text

Abstract:

The unique fuel characteristics of butanol and the possibility of its microbial production make it one of the most desirable environmentally friendly substitutes for petroleum fuels. However, the highly toxic nature of 1-butanol to the bacterial strains makes it unprofitable for commercial production. By comparison, 2-butanol has similar fuel qualities, and despite the difficulties in its microbial synthesis, it holds promise because it may be less toxic. This paper is the first comprehensive study to compare bacterial tolerance to different butanol isomers by examining the growth of 31 bacterial strains under 1-butanol and 2-butanol stress conditions. The presented results reveal that all tested strains showed a higher tolerance to 2-butanol than to 1-butanol at each solvent concentration (1%, 2%, and 3% v/v). Moreover, with an increased solvent concentration, bacterial cells lost their resistance to 1-butanol more rapidly than to 2-butanol. A comparison of the transcriptome profiles of the reference strains Bacillus subtilis ATCC 168 and E. coli ATCC 25922 disclosed a specific response to butanol stress. Most notably, in the presence of 2-butanol E. coli ATCC 25922 showed a reduced expression of genes for chaperones, efflux pumps, and the flagellar apparatus, as well as an enhancement of membrane and electron transport. B. subtilis, with 2-butanol, did not perform emergency sporulation or escape, as some global transcriptional stress response regulators were downregulated. The overexpression of ribosomal RNAs, pyrimidine biosynthesis genes, and DNA- and RNA-binding proteins such as pcrA and tnpB was crucial in the response.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Choi, Seungeui, Saravanan Parameswaran, and Jun-Ho Choi. "Effects of molecular shape on alcohol aggregation and water hydrogen bond network behavior in butanol isomer solutions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 23 (2021): 12976–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00634g.

Full text

Abstract:

The morphologic image about water-incompatible network and water-compatible network in aqueous butanol isomer solutions. The chain-shaped n-butanol forms water-incompatible network, and the globular-shaped tert-butanol forms water-compatible network. The n-butanol and tert-butanol molecules are presented in gray color, while the water molecules are presented in red color.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Pischetola, Chiara, Laura Collado, Mark Keane, and Fernando Cárdenas-Lizana. "Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Furaldehydes via Coupling with Alcohol Dehydrogenation over Ceria Supported Au-Cu." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112905.

Full text

Abstract:

We have investigated the synthesis and application of Au-Cu/CeO2 (Cu: Au = 2) in the continuous gas phase (P = 1 atm; T = 498 K) coupled hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) with 2-butanol dehydrogenation. STEM-EDX analysis revealed a close surface proximity of both metals in Au-Cu/CeO2 post-TPR. XPS measurements suggest (support → metal) charge transfer to form Auδ− and strong metal-support interactions to generate Cu0 and Cu+. Au-Cu/CeO2 promoted the sole formation of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) and 2-butanone in the HMF/2-butanol coupling with full hydrogen utilisation. Under the same reaction conditions, Au/CeO2 was fully selective to DHMF in standard HMF hydrogenation (using an external hydrogen supply), but delivered a lower production rate and utilised less than 0.2% of the hydrogen supplied. Exclusive -C=O hydrogenation and -OH dehydrogenation is also demonstrated for the coupling of a series of m-substituted (-CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2OH, -CF3, -N(CH3)2, -H) furaldehydes with alcohol (1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, cyclohexanol) dehydrogenation over Au-Cu/CeO2, consistent with a nucleophilic mechanism. In each case, we observed a greater hydrogenation rate and hydrogen utilisation efficiency with a 3–15 times lower E-factor in the coupling process relative to standard hydrogenation. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using hydrogen generated in situ through alcohol dehydrogenation for the selective hydrogenation of m-furaldehydes with important industrial applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Tian, Wei, Hongchuan Zhang, Lenian Wang, Zhiqiang Han, and Wenbin Yu. "Effect of Premixed n-Butanol Ratio on the Initial Stage of Combustion in a Light-Duty Butanol/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174295.

Full text

Abstract:

The impact of premixed n-butanol mixture on the heat release rate was investigated based on a modified light-duty diesel engine. The results show that reactivity stratification is formed in the cylinder through n-butanol port fuel injection (PFI) and diesel direct injection (DI). The initial heat release rate of the diesel/butanol dual-fuel combustion is restrained due to the low ignitability of butanol and the high volatility. Because of the auto-ignition of diesel, premixed n-butanol undergoes a high-temperature reaction, which has an active influence on the heat releasing of diesel/butanol dual-fuel combustion. With the increase of the amount of premixed n-butanol injected, the heat release rate in the initial combustion period has a critical value. When the n-butanol injection quantity is less than 13 mg/cycle, the initial heat release rate of dual-fuel combustion is lower than the pure diesel combustion because the lean premixed n-butanol/air mixture limits the flame propagation. When the fuel injection rate of n-butanol is higher than 13 mg/cycle, the heat release rate is accelerated, leading to obvious flame propagation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin, Naz Chaibakhsh, and Mahiran Basri. "Effect of Alcohol Structure on the Optimum Condition for Novozym 435-Catalyzed Synthesis of Adipate Esters." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (December 27, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/162987.

Full text

Abstract:

Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym 435, was used as the biocatalyst in the esterification of adipic acid with four different isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol). Optimum conditions for the synthesis of adipate esters were obtained using response surface methodology approach with a four-factor-five-level central composite design concerning important reaction parameters which include time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of enzyme. Reactions under optimized conditions has yielded a high percentage of esterification (>96%) for n-butanol, iso-butanol, and sec-butanol, indicating that extent of esterification is independent of the alcohol structure for primary and secondary alcohols at the optimum conditions. Minimum reaction time (135 min) for achieving maximum ester yield was obtained for iso-butanol. The required time for attaining maximum yield and also the initial rates in the synthesis of di-n-butyl and di-sec-butyl adipate were nearly the same. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was also capable of esterifying tert-butanol with a maximum yield of 39.1%. The enzyme is highly efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of adipate esters by offering a simple production process and a high esterification yield.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Wu, Jian, Hong Ming Wang, Li Li Zhu, and Yang Hua. "Simulation Investigation about Combustion and Emission Characteristics of n-Butanol/Diesel Fuel Mixture on Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.763.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, combustion process was simulated on diesel engine with n-butanol/diesel blends in 3000 r/min, 300 Nm using AVL FIRE ESE Diesel. By comparison with indicator diagram, simulation results were consistent with the test results using pure diesel and 5%(volume of n-butanol) n-butanol/diesel blends. Using the calculation model combustion in cylinder is calculated burning B10(mass friction of n-butanol is 10%), B20 and B30 n-butanol /diesel mixture. The results show that the maximum combustion pressure and temperature gradually increases, and accumulated heat of release slightly reduces with the adding of n-butanol. BSFC increases, but indicated efficiency reduces. Mass friction of soot significantly reduce, and mass friction of NOx firstly decreases then increases with the adding of n-butanol. This will provide a basis to the research of n-butanol as substitute fuel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

de Oliveira, Leonardo Hadlich, and Martín Aznar. "(Liquid+liquid) equilibrium of {water+phenol+(1-butanol, or 2-butanol, or tert-butanol)} systems." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 42, no. 11 (November 2010): 1379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2010.06.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Gao, Jhih-Huang, Shen-Chun Wu, Ya-Wei Lee, Ta-Li Chou, and Yan-Chun Chen. "The Study of Novel Self-Rewetting Fluid Application to Loop Heat Pipe." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063121.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to develop SRF formulations for LHP performance enhancement. In this paper, the solute of SRF is prepared, and butanol and its isomer, 2-butanol, are selected. In this paper, concentrations of the 2-butanol aqueous solution (10%, 15%, and 20%) plus the butanol 6% aqueous solution were used to measure the surface tension of four different formulations of SRF and water. It was found that the higher the solute concentration became, the stronger the Marangoni effect was, and the more obvious the surface tension change of the 2-butanol 20% aqueous solution was. Water, the butanol 6% aqueous solution and the 2-butanol 20% aqueous solution were filled into LHP respectively, and the heat transfer performance was measured. The 2-Butanol 20% aqueous solution improved LHP performance by about three times compared with water, and the lowest total thermal resistance was only 1/4 that of water. Therefore, the 2-butanol 20% SRF aqueous solution is an ideal formula for improving the LHP heat transfer performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Thanapornsin, Thanawat, Lakkana Laopaiboon, and Pattana Laopaiboon. "Novel Batch and Repeated-Batch Butanol Fermentation from Sweet Sorghum Stem Juice by Co-Culture of Arthrobacter and Immobilized Clostridium in Scaled-Up Bioreactors." Energies 17, no. 5 (February 21, 2024): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051009.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to study butanol fermentation from sweet sorghum stem juice (SSJ) by immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 cells on bamboo chopsticks using Arthrobacter sp. as an efficient bacterium for creating anaerobic conditions in scaled-up bioreactors. For batch culture in a 1-L screw-capped bottle, a butanol concentration (PB), butanol productivity (QB), and butanol yield (YB/S) were 12.09 g/L, 0.26 g/L·h and 0.28 g/g, respectively. These values were ~8 to 14% higher than those of a single culture using oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN) gas to generate anaerobic conditions. When butanol fermentation by the co-culture was scaled-up to 5-L and 30-L stirred-tank fermenters, the butanol production efficiency was not different from that using the 1-L bottles. Additionally, repeated-batch butanol fermentation in the 1-L bottles by the co-culture was successfully operated for four successive cycles with high butanol production. All results clearly indicate that Arthrobacter sp. is promising for creation of anaerobic conditions for butanol production by immobilized Clostridium in large scale bioreactors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Lin, Zhangnan, Hongjuan Liu, Wei Cong, and Jian’an Zhang. "Continuous Fermentation Coupled with Online Gas Stripping for Effective Biobutanol Production." Fermentation 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110942.

Full text

Abstract:

The main problems with the butanol fermentation process include high cost of grain raw materials, low product concentration and low butanol productivity caused by butanol cytotoxicity. In this study, cassava, a cheap crop, was used as the raw material. A symbiotic system TSH06, which possesses the capability to synthesize butanol under non-strict anaerobic conditions, was used as the fermentation strain. The fermentation performance of TSH06 in a cassava system was investigated. In order to eliminate product inhibition and promote the concentration and productivity of butanol, a strategy of continuous fermentation coupled with online gas stripping was developed. By using the strategy of two-stage continuous fermentation using immobilized cells coupled with online gas stripping, the butanol productivity reached 0.9 g/(L·h); at the same time, a high butanol concentration was achieved, and the concentration of butanol obtained in the condensate reached 71.2 g/L.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Huang, Yongcheng, Yaoting Li, Kun Luo, and Jiyuan Wang. "Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 13 (May 28, 2020): 2988–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020916989.

Full text

Abstract:

Although both biodiesel and n-butanol are excellent renewable biofuels, most of the existing research works merely use them as the additives for petroleum diesel. As the main fuel properties of biodiesel and n-butanol are complementary, the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends are promising to be a pure biomass-based substitute for diesel fuel. In this paper, the application of the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends on an agricultural diesel engine was comprehensively investigated, in terms of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics. First, the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends with 10%, 20%, and 30% n-butanol by weight were prepared and noted as BBu10 (10 wt% n-butanol + 90 wt% biodiesel), BBu20 (20 wt% n-butanol + 80 wt% biodiesel), and BBu30 (30 wt% n-butanol + 70 wt% biodiesel). It was found that adding 30 wt% n-butanol to biodiesel can reduce the viscosity by 39.3% and increase the latent heat of vaporization by 57.3%. Then the engine test results showed that with the addition of n-butanol to biodiesel, the peak values of the cylinder pressure and temperature of the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends were slightly decreased, the peak values of the pressure rise rate and heat release rate of the blends were increased, the fuel ignition was delayed, and the combustion duration was shortened. BBu20 has the approximate ignition characteristics with diesel fuel. Both the brake thermal efficiency and the brake-specific fuel consumption of BBu30 were increased by the average percentages of 2.7% and 14.9%, while NO x, soot, and CO emissions of BBu30 were reduced by the average percentages of 17.6%, 34.1%, and 15.4%, compared to biodiesel. The above variations became more evident as the n-butanol proportion increased.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Darmayanti, Rizki Fitria, Maktum Muharja, Tao Zhao, Ming Gao, Yukihiro Tashiro, Kenji Sakai, and Kenji Sonomoto. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Extractive Butanol Fermentation by Immobilized Cells with Large Extractant Volume." Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i2.337.

Full text

Abstract:

Terdapat beberapa tantangan fermentasi Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) untuk digunakan dalam skala industri antara lain rendahnya rendemen butanol, tingginya kebutuhan energi untuk pemisahan dan pemurnian, dan persaingan gula dengan kebutuhan pangan sebagai substrat. Penelitian ini mempelajari aspek teknik dan ekonomi dari fermentasi ABE menggunakan sel amobil dengan volum ekstraktan besar. Keseluruhan proses produksi dirancang menggunakan bahan baku jerami padi yang dihidrolisis tak sempurna untuk menghasilkan campuran selobiosa, glukosa, xilosa, dan arabinosa. Gula konsentrat kemudian diumpankan ke fermentasi fed-batch ekstraktif menggunakan sel amobil. Akhirnya, ekstraktan diperoleh kembali dan produk dimurnikan dengan kolom distilasi. Dengan mengevaluasi desain proses ini untuk kapasitas skala kecil 238 kg-butanol dan aseton/hari, kebutuhan energi adalah 41,3 MJ/kg-butanol dan aseton dan biayanya adalah 1,91 $/kg-butanol dan aseton. Meskipun biayanya lebih tinggi daripada butanol yang dihasilkan oleh proses petrokimia sebesar 1,08 $/kg-butanol, biayanya dapat berkurang jika skalanya ditingkatkan.There are several challenges for ABE fermentation to be used in an industrial scale including the low of butanol yield, the high energy requirement for separation and purification, and the competeness of sugar with food demand as substrat. In this study, techno-economical aspects of ABE fermentation by using immobilized cells with large extractant volume were studied. Overall production process was designed using rice straw as raw material which is semi-hydrolyzed to produce cellobiose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose mixture. Concentrated sugar was then fed to extractive fed-batch fermentation using immobilized cells. Finally, extractant was recovered and products were purified by distillation column. By evaluating this process design for the small scale capacity of 238 kg-butanol and acetone/day, the energy requirement was 41.3 MJ/kg-butanol and acetone and the cost was 1.91 $/kg-butanol and acetone. Although the cost was higher than butanol produced by petrochemical process of 1.08 $/kg-butanol, it may reduce if the scale is increased.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zhao, Yixing, and Gordon R. Freeman. "Unusual behavior of the conductivity of LiNO3 in tert-butanol: ion clustering or ion-pair aggregation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-263.

Full text

Abstract:

The electrical conductance of LiNO3 in tert-butanol–water mixed solvents changes gradually from "normal" in pure water to "abnormal" in pure tert-butanol. In water the measured specific conductance increases with increase of temperature, and in tert-butanol the conductance decreases with increase of temperature. In pure tert-butanol, the electrical conductances of NH4ClO4 and LiClO4 increase with the salt concentration and temperature at lower temperatures, but decrease at higher temperatures. The molar conductivity Λ0(10−4 S m2 mol−1) in tert-butanol at 300 K is 5.0 for NH4ClO4 and 4.0 for LiClO4. Both activation energies EΛ0 are 17 kJ mol−1, which gives an unusual correlation between Λ0 and viscosity η(mPa s): [Formula: see text] The values of Λ0 for NH4NO3 and LiNO3 in tert-butanol could not be measured, because ion aggregation is significant even at the lowest concentrations required to obtain conductances sufficiently above that of the solvent. The measured temperature coefficient of LiNO3 conductance in tert-butanol is negative. Ion clustering of nitrate salts is attributed to poor solvation of the planar NO3− ions by the globular tert-butanol molecules. Ion aggregation in tert-butanol increases with increasing T, due to the relatively rapid decrease of the value of εT. Corrections are listed for reaction kinetics parameters for nitrate salts in pure tert-butanol solvent reported in Can. J. Chem. 73, 392 (1995). Keywords: tert-butanol, ion-pair aggregation, lithium nitrate, electrical conductance, solvent effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Xu, Yuhao, and C. Thomas Avedisian. "Combustion ofn-Butanol, Gasoline, andn-Butanol/Gasoline Mixture Droplets." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 5 (April 17, 2015): 3467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00158.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ting, Cindy Ng Wei, Jinchuan Wu, Katsuyuki Takahashi, Ayako Endo, and Hua Zhao. "Screened Butanol-Tolerant Enterococcus faecium Capable of Butanol Production." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 168, no. 6 (September 8, 2012): 1672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9888-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Zhao, Chunhua, Yanping Zhang, and Yin Li. "Metabolic engineering for the production of butanol, a potential advanced biofuel, from renewable resources." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 5 (September 8, 2020): 2283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200603.

Full text

Abstract:

Butanol is an important chemical and potential fuel. For more than 100 years, acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of Clostridium strains has been the most successful process for biological butanol production. In recent years, other microbes have been engineered to produce butanol as well, among which Escherichia coli was the best one. Considering the crude oil price fluctuation, minimizing the cost of butanol production is of highest priority for its industrial application. Therefore, using cheaper feedstocks instead of pure sugars is an important project. In this review, we summarized butanol production from different renewable resources, such as industrial and food waste, lignocellulosic biomass, syngas and other renewable resources. This review will present the current progress in this field and provide insights for further engineering efforts on renewable butanol production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Seal, Prasenjit, Ewa Papajak, Tao Yu, and Donald G. Truhlar. "Statistical thermodynamics of 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and butanal." Journal of Chemical Physics 136, no. 3 (January 21, 2012): 034306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3674995.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Gunawan, Melia Laniwati, and Hendrik Susanto. "Dehidrasi N-Butanol menjadi senyawa butena pada katalis molecular sieve 13X dalam reaktor unggun tetap." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 6, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.7.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the ways of producing butene compounds without relying on non-renewable resources involves the dehydration of n-butanol with the aid of acid catalysts. The dehydration of n butanol on molecular sieve 13 X catalyst has been undertaken in afvced bed, vertical glass pipe isothermal reactor. Reaction temperatures were varied between 300-450 °C. Reaction products were analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph (GC). The n-butanol dehydration was observed to have a reaction order of 1.95 with respect to n-butanol partial pressure, with an activation energy of 89.4 kJ/mol and an Arrhenius constant of 7.99 x 106 .To determine the effect of operating parameters (feed temperature, n-butanol flowrate, n-butanol to nitrogen feed ratio, and catalyst particle diameter), a simulation was undertaken based on the fvced bed, non adiabatic and non-isothermal reactor model. The reactor model used in the simulation was a 2- dimensional heterogeneous reactor. The validated model coefficient of correlation against the experimental data was very good, namely 0.98. Simulation results indicate that the increase in n-butanol concentration and feed temperature increase the conversion. Increase in catalyst particle diameter and feed flowrate decrease the conversion. The dehydration of n-butanol to butene is a mildly exothermic reaction. Therefore, to maintain an isothermal reaction condition, the reactor wall temperature may not exceed 10 °C below the feed temperature.Keywords: n-butanol dehydration, molecular sieve 13 X, simulation, fixed bed, kineticAbstrakSalah satu cara untuk mendapatkan senyawa butena tanpa mengandalkan sumber daya tak terbarukan adalah melalui dehidrasi n-butanol dengan bantuan katalis asam. Dehidrasi n butanol pada katalis molecular sieve 13 X dilakukan di dalam reaktor unggun tetap terbuat dari pipa gelas tegak secara isotermal. Temperatur reaksi divariasikan antara 300 - 450" C. Komposisi produk dianalisa menggunakan Gas Chromatograph (GC). Dehidrasi n-butanol ini berorde 1,95 terhadap tekanan parsial n-butanol dengan nilai energi aktivasi 89,4 kJ/mol dan tetapan Arrhenius 7,99 x 106• Untuk mempelajari pengaruh parameter operasi (temperatur umpan, laju alir n-butanol, rasio umpan n-butanol terhadap nitrogen, dan diameter partikel katalis) terhadap konversi reaksi, distribusi produk, dan profil temperatur di sepanjang reaktor dilakukan simulasi dalam reaktor unggun tetap non adiabatik non isotermal berdasarkan data percobaan yang telah diperoleh. Model reaktor yang digunakan adalah model heterogen dua dimensi. Nilai koefisien korelasi model yang divalidasi dengan data percobaan menunjukkan harga yang baik yaitu 0,98. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi n butanol atau temperatur umpan meningkatkan konversi. Peningkatan diameter partikel katalis atau peningkatan laju alir umpan, akan menurunkan konversi reaksi. Reaksi dehidrasi n butanol menjadi senyawa buten merupakan reaksi yang sedikit eksoterm, oleh karena itu untuk mempertahankan reaksi agar isotermal, temperatur dinding reaktor harus diusahakan tidak melebihi 10 °C di bawah temperatur umpan.Kata kunci: dehidrasi n-butanol, molecular sieve 13 X, simulasi, unggun tetap, kinetik

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Nakayama, Shunichi, Keiji Kiyoshi, Toshimori Kadokura, and Atsumi Nakazato. "Butanol Production from Crystalline Cellulose by Cocultured Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 18 (July 15, 2011): 6470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00706-11.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTWe investigated butanol production from crystalline cellulose by cocultured cellulolyticClostridium thermocellumand the butanol-producing strain,Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum(strain N1-4). Butanol was produced from Avicel cellulose after it was incubated withC. thermocellumfor at least 24 h at 60°C before the addition of strain N1-4. Butanol produced by strain N1-4 on 4% Avicel cellulose peaked (7.9 g/liter) after 9 days of incubation at 30°C, and acetone was undetectable in this coculture system. Less butanol was produced by coculturedClostridium acetobutylicumandClostridium beijerinckiithan by strain N1-4, indicating that strain N1-4 was the optimal strain for producing butanol from crystalline cellulose in this coculture system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Patil, Vishal V., and Ranjit S. Patil. "Effects of partial addition of n-butanol in rubber seed oil methyl ester powered diesel engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 231, no. 7 (May 17, 2017): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917708695.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of present study is to evaluate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of refined biodiesel (biofuel) such as rubber seed oil methyl ester with the partial addition of n-butanol (butanol) in it in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Various characteristics of butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends with varying volume percentage of butanol such as 5, 10, 15, and 20 in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends were compared with the characteristics of neat rubber seed oil methyl ester (100%) and neat diesel (100%) at various load conditions on engine (such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) for the compression ratio 18. It is found that brake specific fuel consumption was increased by 17% with an increase in butanol content from 5% to 20% in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends at full load condition. Brake thermal efficiency was decreased by 14% with an increase in butanol content from 5% to 20% in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends at full load condition. Carbon monoxide and HC emissions were found to be negligible, i.e. less than 0.1% and 35 ppm, respectively, for all selected fuels. NOx emissions were decreased by 10% with an increase in butanol content from 5% to 20% in butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends at full load condition. Various characteristics were compared for six fuels (neat rubber seed oil methyl ester, four renewable butanol–rubber seed oil methyl ester blends, and neat diesel) in order to finalize the promising alternate sustainable renewable fuel in place of shortly diminishing conventional diesel fuel in order to provide the solution for increase in demand and price of conventional fuel (diesel) for power generation and to reduce the serious issues concerned with environmental pollution due to usage of neat diesel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Amiri, Hamid. "Recent innovations for reviving the ABE fermentation for production of butanol as a drop-in liquid biofuel." Biofuel Research Journal 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2020.7.4.4.

Full text

Abstract:

Butanol is a key microbial product that provides a route from renewable carbohydrate resources to a "drop-in" liquid biofuel, broadening its market in the near future. The acceptable performance of butanol as a neat or a blended fuel in different engines both from the technical and environmental points of view has attracted a wide range of research for reviving the old acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. In this review, recent findings on fuel characteristics of butanol, different generations of substrate for large scale butanol production, and alternative process designs for upstream, mainstream, and downstream operations have been critically reviewed and discussed. In the upstream, studies devoted to designing and optimization of pretreatments based on prerequisites of butanol production, e.g., maximizing cellulose and hemicellulose recovery and minimizing lignin degradation, are presented. In the mainstream, different microbial systems and process integrations developed for facilitating ABE production (e.g., in-situ butanol removal) are scrutinized. Finally, innovations in ABE recovery and purification as "Achilles Heel" of butanol production processes which directly controls the energy return on investment (EROI), are reviewed and discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Vangnai, Alisa S., Luis A. Sayavedra-Soto, and Daniel J. Arp. "Roles for the Two 1-Butanol Dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas butanovora in Butane and 1-Butanol Metabolism." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 16 (August 15, 2002): 4343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.16.4343-4350.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas butanovora grown on butane or 1-butanol expresses two 1-butanol dehydrogenases, a quinoprotein (BOH) and a quinohemoprotein (BDH). BOH exhibited high affinity towards 1-butanol (Km = 1.7 ± 0.2 μM). BOH also oxidized butyraldehyde and 2-butanol (Km = 369 ± 85 μM and Km = 662 ± 98 μM, respectively). The mRNA induction profiles of BOH and BDH at three different levels of 1-butanol, a nontoxic level (0.1 mM), a growth-supporting level (2 mM), and a toxic level (40 mM), were similar. When cells were grown in citrate-containing medium in the presence of different levels of 1-butanol, wild-type P. butanovora could tolerate higher levels of 1-butanol than the P. butanovora boh::tet strain and the P. butanovora bdh::kan strain. A model is proposed in which the electrons from 1-butanol oxidation follow a branched electron transport chain. BOH may be coupled to ubiquinone, with the electrons being transported to a cyanide-sensitive terminal oxidase. In contrast, electrons from BDH may be transferred to a terminal oxidase that is less sensitive to cyanide. The former pathway may function primarily in energy generation, while the latter may be more important in the detoxification of 1-butanol.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Reyes, Luis H., Ali S. Abdelaal, and Katy C. Kao. "Genetic Determinants forn-Butanol Tolerance in Evolved Escherichia coli Mutants: Cross Adaptation and Antagonistic Pleiotropy betweenn-Butanol and Other Stressors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17 (June 28, 2013): 5313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01703-13.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTCross-tolerance and antagonistic pleiotropy have been observed between different complex phenotypes in microbial systems. These relationships between adaptive landscapes are important for the design of industrially relevant strains, which are generally subjected to multiple stressors. In our previous work, we evolvedEscherichia colifor enhanced tolerance to the biofueln-butanol and discovered a molecular mechanism ofn-butanol tolerance that also conferred tolerance to the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B in one specific lineage (green fluorescent protein [GFP] labeled) in the evolved population. In this work, we aim to identify additional mechanisms ofn-butanol tolerance in an independent lineage (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP] labeled) from the same evolved population and to further explore potential cross-tolerance and antagonistic pleiotropy betweenn-butanol tolerance and other industrially relevant stressors. Analysis of the transcriptome data of the YFP-labeled mutants allowed us to discover additional membrane-related and osmotic stress-related genes that confern-butanol tolerance inE. coli. Interestingly, then-butanol resistance mechanisms conferred by the membrane-related genes appear to be specific ton-butanol and are in many cases antagonistic with isobutanol and ethanol. Furthermore, the YFP-labeled mutants showed cross-tolerance betweenn-butanol and osmotic stress, while the GFP-labeled mutants showed antagonistic pleiotropy betweenn-butanol and osmotic stress tolerance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Li, Peiran, Xue Wang, Yaling Chen, Tianxiang Yin, and Weiguo Shen. "Thermodynamic properties and structure transition in {water + tert-butanol} and {water + tert-butanol + iso-butanol} solutions." Thermochimica Acta 686 (April 2020): 178548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2020.178548.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Butanol'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles