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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Butoxide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Philippou, Despina. "Interactions between piperonyl butoxide analogues and metabolic enzymes conferring insecticide resistance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5873.

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The insecticide synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), has been used to reduce resistance factors and to characterise metabolic resistance resulting from mixed function oxidases (MFOs). Studies have also shown that PBO can interact with resistance-associated esterases. It is well-documented that the mechanism by which PBO inhibits P450s is the interaction of the methylenedioxyphenyl (MDP) moiety of PBO molecule with the haem moiety of the enzyme. To investigate the interactions between PBO and esterases, a structure activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out using analogues of PBO and E4,

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2

Bingham, Georgina Victoria. "Temporal synergism with piperonyl butoxide to enhance chemical control of insects." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498273.

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3

Devine, Gregor John. "Potential uses of piperonyl butoxide for controlling the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267912.

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4

Sellers, Nicole. "An NMR Study of 2-Ethylbutyllithium/Lithium 2-Ethyl-1-butoxide Mixed Aggregates, Lithium Hydride/Lithium 2-Ethyl-1-butoxide Mixed Aggregates, n-Pentyllithium Aggregates, and n-Pentyllithium/Lithium n-Pentoxide Mixed Aggregates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4906/.

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A 13C and 6Li variable temperature NMR study of 2-ethylbutyllithium/lithium 2-ethyl-1-butoxide mixed aggregates formed from reacting 2-ethyl-1-butanol with 2-ethylbutyllithium in two O/Li ratios of 0.2/1 and 0.8/1. The 0.2/1 sample resulted in two 2-ethylbutyllithium/lithium 2-ethyl-1-butoxide mixed aggregates and seven lithium hydride/lithium 2-ethyl-1-butoxide mixed aggregates. The lithium hydride mixed aggregates were also studied using selective 1H decoupling experiments. The 0.8/1 sample resulted in six 2-ethylbutyllithium/lithium 2-ethyl-1-butoxide mixed aggregates and five lithium hy

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5

Ferreira, Aluisio V. C. "An NMR study of 2-ethyl-1-butyllithium and of 2-ethyl-1-butyllithium/lithium 2-ethyl-1-butoxide mixed aggregates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2807/.

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A 1H, 13C, and 6Li NMR study of 2-ethyl-1-butyllithium indicated that 2-ethyl-1-butyllithium exists only as a hexameric aggregate over the entire temperature range of 25 to - 92.1 ° C in cyclopentane. Reacting 2-ethyl-1-butyllithium with 2-ethyl-1-butanol resulted in alkyllithium/lithium alkoxide mixed aggregates, apparently of the form Ra(RO)bLia+b. A multinuclear, variable temperature NMR study of samples with O:Li ratios of 0.2 and 0.4 showed, in addition to the alkyllithium, the formation of four mixed aggregates, one of them probably an octamer. Higher O:Li ratio samples showed the format

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6

Cozzolino, Raphaël. "Étude de couches minces organométalliques déposées par procédé plasma basse pression à partir de zirconium tert butoxide : application aux traitements antireflets." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1896/.

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Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre du projet PIXCELL, une collaboration entre la société Essilor et trois laboratoires toulousains : LAAS, LAPLACE, CIRIMAT. L'objectif de ce projet est de concevoir un système optique pixellisé. Ce système est constitué par une matrice de pixels prise en sandwich par plusieurs films polymères. Les procédés plasmas basses pressions ont été choisis comme solution pour traiter plusieurs parties de ce système dans le but de lui donner de nouvelles propriétés. Une première étude a montré que le dépôt de couches minces organosiliciés par plasma permettait d'encapsule

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7

Martinko, Ines. "Couches minces d'oxydes métalliques et d'oxydes métalliques-siliciés déposées par procédé plasma basse pression : étude comparative des couches réalisées à partir de zirconium (IV) tert-butoxide et titanium (IV) isopropoxide." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30370.

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Dans ces travaux des couches minces d'oxyde métalliques et " composites " oxyde métalliques siliciés ont été obtenues par PECVD dans un réacteur plasma multi-dipolaire RCE à partir de mélanges gazeux composés d'oxygène et de de précurseurs organométalliques [le Zirconium (IV) tert-Butoxide (ZTB, ZrO4C16H36) et le Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP, TiO4C12H28)]. Dans la première partie de ce travail les travaux se sont focalisés sur l'étude des caractéristiques des couches minces en fonction du rapport O2/précurseur. Dans les deux cas (oxyde de titane et oxyde de zirconium) nous avons montré que

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8

Sintra, Tânia Ereira. "Synthesis of more benign ionic liquids for specific applications." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22516.

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Doutoramento em Química<br>Nas últimas décadas, os líquidos iónicos (ILs) têm sido alvo de elevado interesse quer por parte da academia como a nível industrial. Isto deve-se em grande parte às suas propriedades únicas, assim como à possibilidade de, através de uma apropriada combinação dos seus iões, ser possível ajustar as suas propriedades para uma dada aplicação. Assim, os ILs têm vindo a ser considerados uma abordagem inovador para a “Química verde” e para a sustentabilidade. Contudo, a sua solubilidade em água faz com que estes possam facilmente chegar ao ecossistema aquático, pode

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9

Rabideau, Christine L. "Pesticide Mixtures Induce Immunotoxicity: Potentiation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34547.

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The three insecticides of interest were lindane (an organochlorine), malathion (an organophosphate) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO; a synergist). Based on minimum cytotoxicity (> LC25), the following concentrations were chosen for the pesticide mixture studies: 70Î¼M lindane (Lind), 50Î¼M malathion (Mal) and 55Î¼M PBO. In the AlamarBlue cytotoxicity assay, individual pesticide and mixtures of malathion/PBO (MP) and malathion/lindane (ML) prompted cytotoxicity with varying intensities (Mal 18.8%, Lind 20.4%, PBO 23.5%, ML 53.6% and MP 64.9%). Cytopathological analysis revealed apoptotic feature

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10

Subramanian, Venkataramanan. "Functional Genomics of Xenobiotic Detoxifying Fungal Cytochrome P450 System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204753142.

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11

PANINI, MICHELA. "Caratterizzazione dei meccanismi di resistenza agli insetticidi nelle popolazioni italiane dell'afide verde del pesco Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6071.

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L’afide del pesco Myzus persicae rappresenta uno degli insetti più dannosi in agricoltura. Estremamente polifago e cosmopolita, viene combattuto principalmente con trattamenti insetticidi. Nel corso degli ultimi anni neonicotinoidi e piretroidi hanno rappresentato i componenti principali delle strategie di difesa contro questa specie, ma recenti programmi di monitoraggio condotti in Sud Europa hanno rivelato la presenza di popolazioni resistenti, mettendo in dubbio l’efficacia a lungo termine di queste classi di prodotti. Il presente lavoro prende in esame la diffusione dei principali meccanis

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12

PANINI, MICHELA. "Caratterizzazione dei meccanismi di resistenza agli insetticidi nelle popolazioni italiane dell'afide verde del pesco Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6071.

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L’afide del pesco Myzus persicae rappresenta uno degli insetti più dannosi in agricoltura. Estremamente polifago e cosmopolita, viene combattuto principalmente con trattamenti insetticidi. Nel corso degli ultimi anni neonicotinoidi e piretroidi hanno rappresentato i componenti principali delle strategie di difesa contro questa specie, ma recenti programmi di monitoraggio condotti in Sud Europa hanno rivelato la presenza di popolazioni resistenti, mettendo in dubbio l’efficacia a lungo termine di queste classi di prodotti. Il presente lavoro prende in esame la diffusione dei principali meccanis

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13

Nawaz, Sohail. "Preparation and long-term performance of poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites and polyethylene." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymera material, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104685.

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The current study discusses the preparation and long-term performance of polymer composites used for various purposes under different ageing conditions. The first part deals with the preparation and characterization of polymer nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) (EBA–13 and EBA–28 with 13 and 28 wt % butyl acrylate, respectively) and 2–12 wt % (0.5–3 vol %) of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (two types with different specific surface areas and different hydroxyl-group concentrations; uncoated and coated with, respectively, octyltriethoxysilane and aminopropyltriethoxysilane).

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14

TODESCHINI, VALERIA. "BIOCHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL IMPACT OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ON THE HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA L." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19084.

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Il sinergizzante piperonil-butossido (PBO) usato in combinazione con insetticidi è in grado di contrastare i parassiti resistenti inibendo temporaneamente i sistemi di detossificazione. Nuovi sinergizzanti sono stati sintetizzati a partire dalla struttura molecolare del PBO, ma anche gli insetti utili come le api possono risentire di una maggiore efficacia degli insetticidi. In questo studio abbiamo osservato l’attività enzimatica in vitro (esterasi, acetilcolinesterasi, glutatione S-transferasi e monossigenasi P450) di api operaie Italiane e Carniche in presenza del PBO e dei suoi nuovi deriv

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15

TODESCHINI, VALERIA. "BIOCHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL IMPACT OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ON THE HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA L." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19084.

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Il sinergizzante piperonil-butossido (PBO) usato in combinazione con insetticidi è in grado di contrastare i parassiti resistenti inibendo temporaneamente i sistemi di detossificazione. Nuovi sinergizzanti sono stati sintetizzati a partire dalla struttura molecolare del PBO, ma anche gli insetti utili come le api possono risentire di una maggiore efficacia degli insetticidi. In questo studio abbiamo osservato l’attività enzimatica in vitro (esterasi, acetilcolinesterasi, glutatione S-transferasi e monossigenasi P450) di api operaie Italiane e Carniche in presenza del PBO e dei suoi nuovi deriv

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16

Flack, Kyle M. "Two approaches to green chemistry in industrially driven processes: aluminum tert-butoxide as a rate enhancing Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction catalyst applied to the technological transfer from batch to continuous flow and structural modifications of functionalized trialkylsilylamines as energy efficient carbon dioxide capture solvents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44802.

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Green chemistry principles have been applied to the enhancement of two industrial chemistry problems. An industrially used reaction to form alcohols from aldehydes and ketones, the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, was improved by introducing a new catalyst Al(OtBu)₃. Due to the lower state of aggregation of this catalyst versus the conventional Al(OiPr)₃ catalyst, reduction rates were found to be faster in both pure iPrOH and mixed solvent systems for three model compounds: benzaldehyde, acetophenone, and a complex, chiral ketone, (S)-CMK. This allowed for the successful implementation of t

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17

Summa, Daniela Reinhilde Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Veith. "Reaktionsverhalten von Indium(III)-tert-Butoxiden gegenüber Übergangsmetallchloriden und [Na(OtBu)3Sn]2 / Daniela Reinhilde Summa. Betreuer: Michael Veith." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052222390/34.

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18

Fournier, Philippe. "Effets du piperonyl butoxyde sur la méthylation des macromolécules hépatiques de souris par la diméthylnitrosamine : rôle du cytochrome b5." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30180.

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La dimethylnitrosamine (dmn) est la plus simple et la plus etudiee des nitrosamines. Une hydroxylation dependante du cytochrome p450 conduit a la formation d'un ion methonium capable de methyler les macromolecules cellulaires. Le piperonyl butoxyde (ppbt), compose methylene dioxyphenyle de synthese, inhibiteur du p450, est utilise pour son effet synergique avec de nombreux insecticides. Nous avons etudie les effets du ppbt sur la methylation des macromolecules hepatiques (adn, arn, proteines microsomales, cytosoliques et nucleaires) par la dmn, et sur les contenus microsomaux en cytochrome b#5

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19

Geronimo, Vanilde de Faria. "Sintese de y-lactonas usando o radical t-butoxi como iniciador de reação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1990. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75613.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e Matematicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T02:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T16:50:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 79643.pdf: 1186927 bytes, checksum: 41a9b27ef76b1df322afdf964ac72634 (MD5)<br>Foram sintetizadas a y-fenil-y-butirolactona e a y-nonalactona através de uma reação radicalar entre o álcool hexílico e benzílico com o ácido acrílico e/o acrilato de metila. O indicador da reação é o t-butilperóxido, que é gerado pela quebra homolítica do perióxido de t-b

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20

Velez, Karine. "Modification du sec-butoxyde d'aluminium par l'acide acrylique, en vue de son utilisation dans l'élaboration, par procédé sol-gel, de couches minces d'alumine déposées sur acier inoxydable." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0091.

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Ce travail a consisté à élaborer par la voie sol-gel des revêtements d'alumine, déposés sur acier inoxydable en vue de le protéger contre l'oxydation thermique et la corrosion en milieu salin. Ces revêtements doivent également être en mesure de jouer le rôle de primaire d'adhérence entre le substrat métallique et un polymère à fonctionnalité acrylique. Compte tenu de ce dernier objectif, la modification du sec-butoxyde d'aluminium utilisé comme précurseur pour élaborer les revêtements, dans le but d'éviter sa précipitation en présence d'eau, a été effectuée en utilisant l'acide acrylique comme

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21

Bega, Paulo Cesar. "Sintese e caracterização da nova porfirina, meso-tetrakis (4-butoxi-3-metoxifenil) porfirina, e seus derivados metalados." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2008. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2060.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:37:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao parcial.pdf: 448686 bytes, checksum: 709cf1be3dcb35f744daa6682aa956b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14<br>There has been substantial interest in the properties of substituted meso-tetraarylporphyrins and metallo porphyrins as catalysts for oxidation of hydrocarbons and oxygen detection, among others. This work describes the synthesis of a new porphyrin, TBMPP 27, and its metallo complexes 28 and 29. Herein it was used a readily available reactant as starting material 22, vanilin, which was submitt

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22

HONG, JIAN-FU, and 洪健夫. "Fenvalerate/piperonyl butoxide resistance and microsomal monooxygenases in diamondback moth." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11558074803404009988.

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23

Schuman, David Phillip. "Development and Mechanistic Investigation of Potassium Tert-Butoxide Catalyzed C–H Silylation." Thesis, 2020. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/13674/1/DPS%20Thesis%20Draft%202.pdf.

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<p>The synthetic organic community has a long history of concurrent development of new methods, total syntheses, and mechanistic investigations. For example, new methods may allow the synthesis of previously inaccessible synthetic targets or a challenging transformation in a total synthesis may lead to the development of new reaction methods. Understanding the mechanism of a reaction may lead to the development of new methods or application in total synthesis. Historically, the Stoltz group has found great success focusing on the synergistic development of reaction methods, total synthesis, an

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24

Nhlapo, Johanna Mepeng. "The synthesis of Benzo[C]carbazoles." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1785.

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Student Number : 9201775F - MSc dissertation - School of Chemistry - Faculty of Science<br>The base/light-induced cyclisation (condensation) reaction between alkyl and carbonyl substituents on biaryl compounds discovered in the University of the Witwatersrand laboratories was used to synthesise benzo[c]carbazoles. Specifically, 5,7-dimethyl-7H-benzo[c]carbazole was synthesised from 2-methyl-1H-indole in 79 % yield over four steps. The reaction sequence involved bromination of 2-methyl-1H-indole at C-3 to give 3-bromo-2-methyl-1H-indole. The subsequent methylation of the amino group to give

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25

Liu, Ming Wei, and 劉明煒. "Nucleophilic subsutitution of tricarbonyl [n6-fluoroarene] chromium with lithium phenylacetylide and lithium n-butoxide." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21159400012052481844.

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26

Chen, Mei-Yun, and 陳美雲. "Method Development for Determination of Carbaryl, Permethrin and Piperonyl Butoxide in Livestock and Poultry Products." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82406156355529850280.

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碩士<br>中原大學<br>化學研究所<br>103<br>To control and prevent parasites infect poultry and livestock in barn with used carbaryl and permethrin. The domestic animals will exposure long-time in this materials because of cleaning and disinfect. carbaryl (CRB), permethrin (PER) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were belong to endocrine disrupters substance, therefor, these materials were have maximum residue limits internationally, but there are no analytical method to detect the residues of CRB,PER and PBO in livestock and poultry products. In order to prevent the problem of CRB, PER and PBO residues in livest

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27

Brazeau, Sarah Elizabeth. "3d metal complexes with the perfluoro-tert-butoxide and perfluoropinacolate ligands: dioxygen reduction and intermolecular substrate oxidation." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/40354.

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A CuI fully fluorinated O-donor monodentate alkoxide complex, K[Cu(OC4F9)2] (1), was previously shown to form a trinuclear copper–dioxygen species with a {Cu3(3-O)2} core, TOC4F9, upon reactivity with O2 at low temperature. A significantly expanded kinetic and mechanistic study of TOC4F9 formation is reported using stopped-flow spectroscopy. The TOC4F9 complex performed catalytic oxidase conversion of para-hydroquinone (H2Q) to para-benzoquinone (BQ) and hydroxylation of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenolate (DBP) to catecholate, making TOC4F9 the first tri-copper species to perform tyrosinase (both mon

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28

Sustac, Roman Daniela. "Carbon-carbon bond formation : from transition metal catalysis to base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11408.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la catalyse à partir de métaux de transition et sur la substitution homolytique aromatique favorisée par une base visant à former de nouvelles liaisons C–C, et à ainsi concevoir de nouvelles structures chimiques. Au cours des vingt dernières années, des nombreux efforts ont été réalisés afin de développer des méthodologies pour la fonctionnalisation de liens C–H, qui soient efficaces et sélectives, et ce à faible coût et en produisant le minimum de déchets. Le chapitre d'introduction donnera un aperçu de la fonctionnalisation directe de liens C–H sur des centr

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