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Academic literature on the topic 'Buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR)"
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Dutta, Anupam, and Probal Dutta. "Pricing of IPOs: further evidence from South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c2p4.
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We examine the long-term performance of 225 IPOs listed on the Johannesburg Securities Index (JSE) during the period from 1996 to 2006. The buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) method and the calendar time portfolio (CTP) approach have been employed to measure the long-run performance of IPO stocks. The findings reveal that IPOs are highly underpriced when the abnormal returns are estimated by BHAR methodology. However, the use of control firm approach instead of market index for measuring abnormal performances significantly reduces the magnitude of this underpricing reported in previous studies on South African IPO stocks. Our major contribution to the literature is that we apply –for the first time- the calendar time portfolio approach to assess the aftermarket performance of IPOs listed on the JSE. In addition, we use control firm approach instead of market index to estimate the abnormal returns. These are the two significant cases which were not documented in previous research on measuring long-term performance of South African IPO stocks
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Jena, Sarthak Kumar, Chandra Sekhar Mishra, and Prabina Rajib. "Do Indian Companies Manage Earnings Before Share Repurchase?" Global Business Review 21, no. 6 (August 5, 2019): 1427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150919856993.
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This article aims to detect the opportunistic EM before share buyback and its impact on the short-term and long-term abnormal return. The study also examines the relationship between EM and promoters’ holdings in the company. A sample of 117 companies over 1998–2013 is analyzed in the study. The quality of earnings is measured using discretionary accruals (DAs), and it is calculated by four different methods, that is, the Healy model (1985), DeAngelo model (1986), modified Jones model (1995) and performance-matched model (2005). Cumulative abnormal return (CAR) is calculated for a short-term abnormal return at around 3 days of the share repurchase announcement. Post-buyback buy hold abnormal return (BHAR) for 1 year is calculated for long-term performance. The regression model is used to examine the impact of DA on both CAR and BHAR. The findings of the article show that share buyback companies manage their earnings downward in the previous year of share repurchase than the year of share purchase and the next year of share repurchase. The sample firms deflate their earnings more as compared to matching non-buyback firms. Firms manage their earnings downward before open market share repurchase than the tender offer. There is a significant and negative relationship between abnormal accruals and 1-year buy hold abnormal return post-open market share repurchase. The study further observed that there is a negative relationship between promoters’ holdings and EM. The study is constrained by the small sample size, so the results should be viewed by keeping these limitations in mind. The article is the first study on the detection of the opportunistic EM before buyback and examination of the relationship between the earnings quality and abnormal return in the Indian context.
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Jaskiewicz, Peter, Víctor M. González, Susana Menéndez, and Dirk Schiereck. "Long-Run IPO Performance Analysis of German and Spanish Family-Owned Businesses." Family Business Review 18, no. 3 (September 2005): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00041.x.
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This article examines the long-run stock market performance of German and Spanish initial public offerings (IPOs) between 1990 and 2000. We distinguish between family-and nonfamily-owned business IPOs by using the power subscale of the F-PEC. Buy-and-hold-abnormal returns (BHAR) are calculated in order to determine abnormal returns. Our results show that three years after going public, investors, on average, realized an abnormal return of − 32.8% for German and − 36.7% for Spanish IPOs. In both countries, nonfamily business IPOs perform insignificantly better. Regression analyses show that for the whole sample there is a positive company size effect. In family-owned businesses, strong family involvement has a positive impact on the long-run stock market performance, whereas the age of the firm has a negative influence.
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Ledwani, Sanket, Suman Chakraborty, and Sandeep S. Shenoy. "Spatial tale of G-7 and BRICS stock markets during COVID-19: An event study." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(2).2021.03.
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The unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 has affected every aspect of the human life, be it health, social, or economic dimensions. The anxiety and uncertainty wobbled the economies of affected countries worldwide. This study attempts to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of major stock markets of G-7 nations vis-à-vis BRICS nations. An event study methodology is employed to capture the effect of the systematic event in the form of Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns (BHAR) and Average Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns (ABHAR). The study considers a 90-day observation window, consisting of six sub-event windows after the COVID-19 news up-doves the world, and 120 days prior to the selected event date to estimate average expected returns. BHAR values in the four event windows are statistically significant, covering stock markets from panic and nosedive to their correction and recovery. ABHAR values reported are significantly negative in the event window ranging from –0.15% to –38.43% for G-7 and –0.06% to –37.12% for BRICS nations. Despite similar ABHAR trends, the BHAR values and correlation matrix exhibit a diverse reaction in BRICS nations compared to the highly synchronized reaction in the G-7 group of nations in the COVID period.
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Lee, BokHyun. "The Relationship between Technology Life Cycle and Korean Stock Market Performance." International Journal of Financial Studies 6, no. 4 (October 29, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6040088.
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Through the three industrial revolutions, technology has enabled rapid changes in society. In a capitalist society, capital is invested where there is utility, for example, economic benefit. We intend to determine that the stock price of a company that uses a particular technology will change with the life cycle of the technology in question. Specifically, we filtered companies that mainly deal with augmented reality and are listed in Korea’s KOSDAQ market. We grouped these companies based on detailed technologies that constitute augmented reality. We used the event study method to calculate the stock returns against a benchmark. As a result, in the “Peak of Inflated Expectations” stage, the portfolios of all companies using augmented reality generally show higher returns than the benchmark. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether a return generated based on one of the detailed technologies that make up augmented reality is higher or lower than that of the benchmark. During the “Trough of Disillusionment” phase, there was neither a consistent trend of cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) nor buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHAR). However, during this stage, there was a positive correlation of average BHAR and average abnormal returns between the entire sample’s portfolio and each detailed technology firm’s portfolio.
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Komenkul, Kulabutr, and Santi Kiranand. "Aftermarket Performance of Health Care and Biopharmaceutical IPOs: Evidence From ASEAN Countries." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801772710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017727105.
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We examine the evidence from the long-run abnormal returns using data for 76 health care and biopharmaceutical initial public offerings (IPOs) listed in a 29-year period between 1986 and 2014 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Laos. Based on the event-time approach, the 3-year stock returns of the IPOs are investigated using cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR). As a robustness check, the calendar-time approach, related to the market model as well as Fama-French and Carhart models, was applied for verifying long-run abnormal returns. We found evidence that the health care IPOs overperform in the long-run, irrespective of the alternative benchmarks and methods. In addition, when we divide our sample into 5 groups by listing countries, our results show that the health care stock prices of the Singaporean firms behaved differently from those of most of the other firms in ASEAN. The Singaporean IPOs are characterized by a worse post-offering performance, whereas the IPOs of Malaysian and Thai health care companies performed better in the long-run.
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Dutta, Anupam. "Seasoned Equity Offerings: Further Evidence from Australia." Global Business Review 18, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692403.
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While numerous empirical studies document significant long-run underperformance of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) in different security markets, Allen and Soucik (2008, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 78(2–3), 146–154) argue that such an underperformance is dependent on the definition of ‘long-run’. They show that if ‘long-run’ is defined as 12 years instead of the usual 5 years, Australian SEOs seem to turn around their performance particularly during the sixth and seventh year, and the abnormal performance tends to disappear by the eighth year. This article reassesses whether the underperformance following SEOs is related to the length of the holding period. To facilitate direct comparison with the findings of Allen and Soucik, we use the same data and sample period as them. In addition, we propose a refined calendar time portfolio (CTP) methodology to investigate the long-term performance of Australian SEOs. To assess the robustness of our findings, the buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) approach has also been employed to measure the long-run performance of SEO stocks. The empirical analysis reveals that SEOs underperform when the abnormal returns are estimated by employing the BHAR methodology. Our refined CTP approach, on the other hand, finds evidence of abnormal performance only for equally weighted portfolios.
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Komenkul, Kulabutr, Mohamed Sherif, and Bing Xu. "Prospectus disclosure and the stock market performance of initial public offerings (IPOs): the case of Thailand." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(4-1).2016.02.
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This study examines if the prospectus disclosure of the motives for an initial public offering (IPO) explains the long-run performance of equity issuers using hand-collected data for 245 IPOs from the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), and also the Market for Alternative Investments (MAI), in the 12-year period between 2001 and 2012. The stock returns of the IPOs were investigated using cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR). The authors find a significant impact for the level of use-of-proceeds disclosure on IPO underpricing, and further that the ex-ante uncertainty and signalling hypotheses explain the IPO underpricing phenomenon in the Thai IPO market. Furthermore, Thai firms citing investment needs show significant positive abnormal returns after the offering, but issuers that state general corporate purposes and debt payments motives underperform. The authors provide evidence that the offering size and bull-market conditions significantly affect the IPO pricing and the strategic disclosure of information in the prospectus. Our results are robust, having been subjected to a wide range of sensitivity checks. Keywords: Prospectus disclosure, IPO performance, Thailand. JEL Classification: G14, G30, G32
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Singh, Amit Kumar, and Srishti Jain. "Foreign Direct Investment and Initial Public Offerings: Exploring the Roads Less Travelled." FIIB Business Review 9, no. 4 (December 2020): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714520973849.
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This article examines the performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) issued by the economic sectors in India. It analyses the level of underpricing measured by market adjusted initial return (MAIR), short-run performance measured by market-adjusted abnormal return (MAAR) and long-run performance measured by 3-year buy and hold abnormal return (BHAR) methodology relative to Sensex and Nifty for 40 IPOs approaching the capital market during the period 2006–2016. The selection of IPOs is based on the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit of USD 3,000 million in each economic sector, that is, primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. The long-run analysis is done at the end of the first year, the second year and the third year. It is found using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression that variables like age of the issuing firm and volume traded on the first day of listing have a positive relation with initial returns, while offer size of the IPO has a negative relation with the initial return. Further, this study also finds out that the secondary sector performs poorly in the long run relative to the primary and tertiary sectors. This study can be of importance to investors for assessing different sectors before investing.
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Khadim, Muhammad Irfan, and Samreen Fahim Babar. "IPO Intra Industry Effects on Peer Firm's Earnings, Composition and Stock Returns." Global Economics Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-ii).04.
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The present study is conducted to see how an IPO event affects the existing firm's performance within the same industry. For this purpose, 88 IPO firms were examined from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 1998-2016. IPO is examined from three major perspectives IPO proceeds, initial returns and time Lag between IPO listing date and IPO subscription. The study uses Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns (BHAR) and Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) to calculate competitor's abnormal returns. To calculate the operating performance of competitors, the Wilcoxon significance test was applied. IPO intra-industry effects are significant in the long run, whereas insignificant results are shown in the short run. In addition, IPO proceeds and abnormal returns are significant but negatively related to competitors' stock returns (long term). Moreover, Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) finds IPO improves competitiveness in the industry environment. This present study is an important one from an emerging economy perspective.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR)"
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Ingels, Henrik, and Simon Nilsson. "Överreaktion på den svenska aktiemarknaden : En studie om framtida avvikelseavkastning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388287.
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I denna uppsats undersöks om den svenska aktiemarknaden överreagerar på historisk information över internränta på samma sätt som De Bondt och Thaler (1985) undersöker den amerikanska aktiemarknaden år 1985, vi replikerar även studien för att undersöka om liknande samband uppvisas för effektiv avkastning. Företag på den svenska aktiemarknaden undersöks och rangordnas efter deras internränta samt deras effektiva avkastning. Baserat på detta delas företagen in i två portföljer, portfölj “låg” och portfölj “hög”. Dessa två portföljer jämförs utifrån Buy and Hold Abnormal Return (BHAR) under tre olika tvåårsperioden. Resultaten visar att den svenska aktiemarknaden överreagerar på historisk information beträffande internränta, vilket skapar ett negativt samband mellan historisk internränta och framtida avkastning som en följd av över- och undervärdering av aktier. Dessa resultat är i linje med de presenterade för den amerikanska aktiemarknaden av De Bondt och Thaler och innebär en möjlighet för investerare på den svenska aktiemarknaden till avvikelseavkastning. För historisk effektiv avkastning hittas dock inget liknande samband med framtida avvikelseavkastning.
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Eriksson, Oscar, and Olle Sahlman. "Short Selling: Domestic and Foreign Performance Differences : A study of the Swedish Short Selling Market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355497.
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The purpose and intent of this study is to conduct comparative research between domestic and foreign investors in regard to short selling positions on the Swedish financial market. The performance differences are measured by compounding short selling positions by the investors between 2015-2018. Two comparative methods were utilized to conduct this research: The cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and the buy-and-hold abnormal return, with each calculation being utilized in accordance with Barber & Lyon (1997). The produced results have been scrutinized via univariate descriptive statistics (t-test) and a regression in order to verify if there is any significant difference between the investors. The result of the study shows that there is a tangible, noteworthy difference in an average performance amongst the investors. We can now recognize that foreign investors who hold their short selling positions for a longer time-period demonstrate better performance. To compare with the domestic investors, their displayed trading behavior seems to be more unpredictable and they have not been performing as good in this selected time-interval.
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Karpov, Boris, and Johan Klevenstedt. "Nyintroduktioner på svenska handelsplatser : Har nyintroduktioner genererat högre avkastning än NASDAQ OMXSPI?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72870.
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Denna studie har genomförts i syfte att undersöka huruvida nyintroduktioner generar en överavkastning i förhållande till OMXSPI på svenska handelsplatser under en börsuppgång och en börsnedgång för olika tidsintervall och branscher. Studien har undersökt nyintroduktioner genomförda under tidsperioden Q1 2004 till Q2 2009. Syftet har för avsikt att utmynna i huruvida nyintroduktioner vid svenska handelsplatser är effektiva och om investerare kunnat utnyttja eventuella ineffektiviteter som investeringsstrategier. Undersökningen är en eventstudie baserad på en kvantitativ metod där korrigerade historiska aktiekurser har inhämtats och beräkningar har genomförts med hjälp av två metoder, den genomsnittliga abnormala avkastningen och den genomsnittliga abnormala avkastningen för en buy-and-hold strategi, för att säkerställa en hög validitet i studien. Slutsatsen påvisar att investerare som investerat i nyintroduktioner på AktieTorget under börsuppgången hade kunnat utnyttja den något lägre grad av effektivitet utifrån en buy-andhold strategi på tre månader och erhållit en genomsnittlig signifikant överavkastning gentemot OMXSPI på 32,6 procent. En investerare som valt att investerare i nyintroduktioner utifrån en buy-and-hold period på tre månader på Alternativa Aktiemarknaden under börsnedgången hade i genomsnitt erhållit en signifikant överavkastning på 11,8 procent. För den investeraren som inte tagit hänsyn till när introduktionen genomförts och investerat i nyintroduktioner på AktieTorget utifrån en buy-and-hold period på en månad hade i genomsnitt erhållit en signifikant överavkastning på 18,2 procent.
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Guscott, Alyssa, and My Bach. "Investor distraction during the Swedish summer and stock market under-reaction to companies’ earnings releases." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155747.
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This paper investigates whether greater investor distraction on the Swedish stock market during the summer months of June, July and August leads to a more pronounced post earnings announcement drift (PEAD) effect, during the ten year period between 2000 and 2009. PEAD is an anomaly whereby the information contained in earnings announcements is not immediately or completely incorporated into stock prices, in the cases where the announcement contains an ‘earnings surprise’. The methodology involves using the standardised unexpected earnings (SUE) metric to measure the level of ‘earnings surprise’ and a buy and hold abnormal returns (BHAR) trading strategy to measure return. The study tests and confirms the existence of greater investor distraction during summer months on the Swedish market. For a holding period of 12 months, a BHAR trading strategy generates a greater abnormal return for summer months (11.3%) compared with the abnormal return for non-summer months (10.5%). These results are also interesting in a broader context, as they confirm the existence of the PEAD effect, one of the strongest counter-arguments to the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH); the foundation of many financial models used for stock market valuation. This is because, according to the EMH, in an efficient market it should not be possible to generate abnormal returns based on available information. However, it may be noted that these results do not take into account transaction costs. This means that while it can be demonstrated that there is greater investor distraction during the Swedish summer, in order to implement a successful trading strategy based on this finding, further testing would be required. Therefore, based on the findings of this paper, a number of areas for future research have been identified.