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Journal articles on the topic 'Buzzers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Handini, Virgia Aida, and Amri Dunan. "Buzzer as the Driving Force for Buzz Marketing on Twitter in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 2 (2021): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i2.172.

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This study aims to determine Buzzers' existence and the Buzz Marketing strategy carried out by Buzzers during the 2019 Presidential Election on Twitter. The method in this study used qualitative research with Sostac P.R Smith's analysis. As a result, 1) the Buzzer's existence in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election contest was formed at the end of 2018. The formation of a Professional Buzzer was carried out through a recruitment process held by several legal companies with a predetermined payment system; 2) In carrying out Buzz marketing, Buzzer has arranged plans to distribute political content. Buzzers use a variety of political strategies to amplify political messages. Then, the political messages are spread using a minimum of three or more accounts to engage in a conversation. Through systematic Buzz marketing planning, political messages that are informative, persuasive, and instructive systematically and intensely to Twitter netizens make the results more optimal. However, Buzzer still needs to formulate political content that is more attractive to Twitter netizens, such as avoiding old content that uses political narratives containing SARA elements, hoaxes, hate speech, and other propaganda.
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2

Suryandari, Nikmah, and Vivi Lutviana. "Impression management of buzzer in social media twitter." Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 4, no. 3 (2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i3.2665.

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This study aimed to find out the Impression Management of buzzers on Twitter social media. The methodology in this research was qualitative net-nography in which data were collected through online observation and interviews as well as literature studies. The subject of the research was the buzzers, and the object was the buzzer impression management, while the location of the research was on Twitter social media. The results of this study provided an overview of how buzzers did impression management on social media twitter. We found that the buzzers did impression management through message content, using other terms replace ‘buzzer’, emphasising the truth of message content, using social media accounts as self-identity, and reviewing products and events as a form of impression management.
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3

Hong, Zheng Han, and Shun Fa Hwang. "Valveless Micropumps with One or Two Piezoelectric Buzzers." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.427.

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Valve-less micropumps with one or two piezoelectric buzzers are manufactured and tested. Piezoelectric buzzers are chosen as actuation elements because they are cheap and with high actuation amplitude. The micro-chamber with nozzle and diffuser is fabricated by employing UV photolithography and film mask. A negative photoresistive material, SU8-50, is used as a structure material, and exact angles in the inlet/outlet elements can be obtained. PDMS is chosen to bond different parts of the micropump. The piezoelectric buzzer does have nice actuation amplitude of 40.4 μm after the assembly with the chamber. The results indicate that the micropump with one piezoelectric buzzer has a maximum flow rate of 90.28μl/min when the buzzer is actuated at 100 V and 20 Hz. A maximum backpressure of 50 mm H2O occurs as the buzzer is actuated at 100 V and 30 Hz. For the micropump with two piezoelectric buzzers, it has a maximum flow rate of 165.32 μl/min when the buzzer is actuated at 100 V and 20 Hz and has a maximum backpressure of 84 mm H2O as the buzzer is actuated at 100 V and 30 Hz.
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4

Moffett, Kevin. "Buzzers." Ecotone 6, no. 2 (2011): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2011.0055.

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5

Hikmah Nur Karimah, Rahmi, and Fadillah Fadillah. "Buzz Marketing as a New Practice of Digital Advertising." IMOVICCON Conference Proceeding 2, no. 1 (2021): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37312/imoviccon.v2i1.46.

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Word of Mouth Marketing (WOMM) has been used for a long time and is still called the most effective marketing strategy.When many traditional-manual concepts have been displaced due to changes to the digital era, the emergence of the internet has actually added to the effectiveness of this marketing strategy. By adopting the concept of WOM into digital marketing, a profession was born as well as being considered a new advertising medium called a buzzer that carries out buzz marketing activities (the term WOM in the world of digital marketing). Using case study methodology, this research discuss the effectiveness of buzzer as a new media for digital advertising, using the buzz marketing strategy that has been used by The Scarlett Whitening brand. Buzzers are different from influencers and key opinion leaders (KOL) because buzzers are generally ordinary personal accounts or spam accounts that have no personal branding and reputation to be at stake. The use of buzzers is considered the right choice to increase brand awareness.
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6

Monkman, Eric, and Bobby Seagull. "Fingers on buzzers." New Scientist 236, no. 3157-3158 (2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)32537-x.

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7

Weiss, Peter. "Land Mines May Set off Little Buzzers." Science News 155, no. 19 (1999): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011495.

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8

Yuliarto, Brian, Mardiana Silvia, Muhammad Iqbal, and Nugraha. "Fabrication of LP Gas Leakage Detector Systems Based on Modified Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film." Advanced Materials Research 364 (October 2011): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.206.

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The liquid petroleum (LP) gas leakage detector was successfully fabricated using modified nanostructured ZnO thin film as the sensitive layer. The detector consists of ZnO sensitive layer, a heater, a comparator, a transistor, an LED and a buzzer. The detector has the switch system where the comparator can change the current through the LED and buzzers when the LP gas is detected. The ZnO thin films were fabricated by sol gel method using chemical bath deposition technique at moderate temperature on an alumina substrate with electrode contacts. This sensors system allows us to produce LP gas sensor with a relatively low-cost procedure. The detector was tested with the LP gas leakages and had shown good response values as measured at the operational temperature of 200o C.
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9

Pribošek, Jaka, Janez Diaci, and Stefan Sinzinger. "Simple unimorph deformable mirrors fabricated from piezo buzzers." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 26, no. 5 (2016): 055009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/26/5/055009.

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10

Carolina Sparavigna, Amelia. "Measuring the Speed of Sound Using Oscilloscope and Buzzers." International Journal of Sciences, no. 08 (2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijsci.550.

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11

Lee, Sang Heon. "Note: A 3D-printed flexure nanostage driven by piezo buzzers." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 10 (2018): 106106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5048219.

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12

Akmaliah, Wahyudi. "Bukan Sekedar Penggaung (Buzzers): Media Sosial dan Transformasi Arena Politik." MAARIF 13, no. 1 (2018): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47651/mrf.v13i1.9.

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Artikel ini melihat kemunculan buzzers (penggaung) politik sekaligusinfluencer (subyek berpengaruh) di Indonesia pasca rejim Orde Baru dalam memproduksi informasi, mempengaruhi publik dan berdampak terhadap elektablitas tokoh politik yang mengajukan diri sebagai pemimpin dalam politik elektoral. Ada tiga pertanyaan yang diajukan; kekuatan struktur apa yang mempengaruhi perubahan sekaligus pergeseran arena politik dari mobilisasi massa turun ke jalan melalui keramaian kemudian menjadi ranah online? Bagaimana dampak perubahan lanskap tersebut seiring dengan kemunculan otoritas-otoritas baru dengan kehadiran penggaung politik sebagai sumber referensi pengetahuan yang menjadi preferensi pilihan warganet sekaligus mempengaruhi elektabilitas seorang calon dalam politik elektoral? Apa dampak ikutan yang muncul dalam ranah maya ini? Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kemunculan internet dan media baru, ditandai dengan kehadiran media sosial, setidaknya telah menggeser distribusi informasi pengetahuan yang sebelumnya mutlak digenggam oleh oligarki pemilik media lama (televisi, media cetak, radio). Pergeseran struktur media ini membawa dampak terhadap kemunculan otoritas-otoritas baru dengan kehadiran penggaung, yang sebelumnya hanya digunakan dalam ranah periklanan. Sebagai bagian dari agensi, otoritas baru ini membawa kepada dua wajah; kreativitas dalam mengkampanyekan gagasan dan aktivitas destruktif yang dapat memecah sensivitas solidaritas kebangsaan dan kenegaraan di level akar rumput.
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Nas, Mardhiyah, Misnawati, Megha Rahmawaty Marsing, and Fadlia. "Prototipe Pemantauan Level Air Pada Bendungan Berbasis IOT." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 1, no. 02 (2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v1i02.120.

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The purpose of making this prototype is to make a water level pemantauan tool in the dam using ultrasonic sensors and an IoT system. To support the manufacture of this tool, several other electronic components are used, including the NodeMCU microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, water pumps, relays, and buzzers. The process of the water level pemantauan system in the IoT-based dam works as a whole. The process begins with filling water from box 1 (analogous to river) to box 2 (analogous to a dam) assisted by a water pump to fill the water box. Then the ultrasonic sensor reads the water distance data from the dam and is sent to the microcontroller and then displayed on ThingSpeak via PC / HP. When box 2 is filled with water and reaches the maximum limit, the buzzer will sound and the relay will turn off the water pump automatically. The test results show that the data obtained is accurate. When the sensor reads the water level capacity data at a distance of 6 cm, the dam capacity will be fully read, the buzzer will sound and turn off the relay automatically then send the information to ThingSpeak. Reading or pemantauan the water level in the dam can be an alternative to control the water level in the dam and facilitate the dam guard.
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14

Zhu, Xiaohui, Jing Qiao, Guangbin Shao, Guangyu Zhang, and Longqiu Li. "A tunable acoustic metamaterial based on piezo buzzers and passive circuits." Applied Physics Express 12, no. 12 (2019): 127002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab4f4b.

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15

Chang, Kuo-Tsai, Hsuang-Chang Chiang, and Chun-Wei Lee. "Design and implementation of a piezoelectric clutch mechanism using piezoelectric buzzers." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 141, no. 2 (2008): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2007.10.018.

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16

Ishigame, Masaaki, Toyota Fujioka, and Koichi Abe. "Experimental study on improvement of sound pressure characteristics of piezoelectric back buzzers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E) 14, no. 4 (1993): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.14.285.

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17

Chen, W. M., and T. S. Liu. "Modeling and experiment of three-degree-of-freedom actuators using piezoelectric buzzers." Smart Materials and Structures 22, no. 10 (2013): 105006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/10/105006.

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18

Br Pelawi, Servinta Damayanti, and Saiful Manan. "SISTEM MONITORING VOLUME AIR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK DAN MONITORING OUTPUT VOLUME AIR MENGGUNAKAN FLOW METER BERBASIS ARDUINO." Gema Teknologi 19, no. 2 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v19i2.21863.

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Servinta Damayanti Br Pelawi,Saiful Manan, in this paper explain that method of realization of making purification and monitoring volume of water, purification of water using small molecules such as sand, charcoal, cotton, etc. and monitoring the volume of water using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. where this ultrasonic sensor will detect the water inside the sensor distance sensor to objects that is 2cm and 25cm. When the water has reached the limit of 2cm and 15cm then the buzzer will light up giving a warning. and will display on the HMI in the form of cm, to run the pump we click the start button at hmi the pump will turn on and the water inside the reservoir will enter reverse osmosis, Ro will process water, clean water will be read by the flow meter, flow meter will detect incoming water and will display the results in the HMI in the form liter, and Arduino UNO is used as a control system for HMI output input signals, sensors, flow meters, and buzzers. Keywords: Ultrasonic Sensor, Buzzer, Flow Meter, Arduino Uno and HMI.ReferencesIqbal, Mohammad. (2014). Rancang Bangun monitoring volume air menggunakan mikrokontroler atmega 8535 berbasis Borland Delphi 7. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.Yudhanto,Saktyo. 2012. Tandon Air Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 16.Rinalakbar. Alat Ukur Magnetic Flow Meter Diakses pada 10 Januari 2010, 10:31 WIB.Andrianto,Heri,Arduino Belajar Cepat dan Pemrograman .Informatika Bandung. Diakses pada januari 2016.Arin.2016. Pengendali Tekanan Pompa dngan Pmw(Pulse Width Modulation) Pada Membran Ro .Tugas Akhir Tidak Terpublikasi.Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro
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19

Kunjilwar, Mayank. "Smart Stick for Blind People." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 1723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35304.

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As we know that sense of vision to human being is an important thing in our life, but there is some people who have lack of mobility because of blindness The objective of this project is used to help the blind people and they are able to easily interact with the physical world by using this smart blind stick. About 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide: 39 million are blind and 246 million have low vision. If you notice them , you can very well know about it they can’t walk without the help of other. One has to ask guidance to reach their destination. Using this blind stick , a person can walk more confidently. This stick with ultrasonic sensor detects the object in front of the person and give response to the user by alarm from the buzzer, which will give a high buzz as the object gets closer to the blind person. So, the person can walk without any fear. The LDR sensor are used in the stick to identify the day and night for the blind people. The microcontroller (Arduino Nano) to receive the sensor signals and process them to short pulses to the Arduino pins where buzzers are connected. This device will be best solution to overcome their difficulties and help
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20

Valente, Mike Pessanha, and Igor Braga De Paula. "Sensor based on piezo buzzers for simultaneous measurement of fluid viscosity and density." Measurement 152 (February 2020): 107308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107308.

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21

Wu, Lang, Dingquan Xiao, Jiagang Wu, et al. "Good temperature stability of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 based lead-free ceramics and their applications in buzzers." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28, no. 15 (2008): 2963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.04.033.

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22

Tyson, John J., Katherine C. Chen, and Bela Novak. "Sniffers, buzzers, toggles and blinkers: dynamics of regulatory and signaling pathways in the cell." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 15, no. 2 (2003): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(03)00017-6.

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23

Arianto, Bambang. "Salah Kaprah Ihwal Buzzer: Analisis Percakapan Warganet di Media Sosial." JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v5i1.7287.

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Artikel ini bertujuan mengelaborasi istilah buzzer yang sering digunakan para warganet di Twitter dan Instagram kepada akun media sosial bayaran yang berperan sebagai penyebar hoaks dan disinformasi. Hal itu dikarenakan pada awalnya istilah buzzer hanya dikenal dalam dunia bisnis digital sebagai tim yang disewa untuk pemasaran suatu produk dan jasa. Seiring perkembangan istilah buzzer bisnis juga digunakan dalam ranah politik yang kemudian dikenal dengan “BuzzeRp” politik. Padahal faktanya buzzer media sosial memang digunakan untuk memperkuat suatu pesan dan konten agar dapat membentuk opini publik dalam konteks masyarakat digital. Sebab definisi buzzer media sosial adalah upaya memperkuat suatu pesan dengan berbagai kreativitas masing-masing baik dalam konteks bisnis dan politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data percakapan media sosial dari Drone Emprit Academic Universitas Islam Indonesia dengan kata kunci (keyword) BuzzeRp. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa terdapat salah kaprah mengenai definisi buzzer media sosial yang berkembang di Indonesia, sehingga menyebabkan profesi buzzer media sosial di Indonesia menjadi negatif.
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Hidayat, Nurul, Samsul Hidayat, Nugroho Adi Pramono, and Ulfa Nadirah. "Sistem Deteksi Kebocoran Gas Sederhana Berbasis Arduino Uno." Rekayasa 13, no. 2 (2020): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v13i2.6737.

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Penggunaan gas di berbagai sendi kehidupan manusia sekarang ini tidak dapat terhindarkan, mulai dari kebutuhan skala rumah tangga hingga industri. Dalam upaya meningkatkan pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja akibat kebocoran gas, kontrol terhadap kebocoran gas merupakan sebuah tindakan yang vital. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini membahas respon sensor gas MQ2, MQ3, dan MQ5 terhadap gas dan asap. Ketiga sensor gas tersebut dijalankan oleh mikrokontroler ATMega328 dengan modul Arduino Uno. Sebagai aktuator, buzzer digunakan sebagai pengirim sinyal audio dan LED sebagai basis informasi visual terkait pengingat adanya gas berlebih yang terdeteksi oleh MQ2, MQ3, dan MQ5. Secara mekanisme fisis, ketika sensor gas mendeteksi adanya gas berlebih, maka sinyal suara dari buzzer akan aktif sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai indikasi dini terhadap keberadaan atau kebocoran gas. Secara umum, sensor gas MQ2, MQ3, dan MQ5 memiliki respon yang sedikit berbeda pada jenis asap dan gas yang berbeda. Pada gilirannya nanti, hasil dari penelitian ini dirancang sebagai informasi penting dalam pemilihan jenis sensor gas sesuai kebutuhan. Simple Gas Leakage Detection System Based on Arduino UnoAbstractThe use of gas in various aspects of human life nowadays is inevitable, ranging from the needs of household scales to industries. As an effort to increase the prevention of occupational accidents due to gas leakage, control of gas leakage becomes a vital action. Therefore, this paper discusses the response of MQ2, MQ3, and MQ5 gas sensors to gases and smokes. The ATMega328 microcontroller ran the three gas sensors with the Arduino Uno module. As an actuator, buzzers were used as audio signal senders and LEDs as a basis for visual information related to reminders of excess gas detected by MQ2, MQ3, and MQ5. The physical mechanism, when the gas sensor detects the presence of excess gas, then the sound signal from the buzzer could be activated in such a way that it can be used as an early indication of the presence of leakage of gas. Generally, MQ2, MQ3, and MQ5 gas sensors performed slightly differently in responding to the presence of gases and smokes. In turn, the results of this study are designed as relevant information in selecting the type of gas sensor as needed.Keywords: Gas sensor, Microcontroller, MQ2, MQ3, MQ5, Simple instrumentation.
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Chang, Kuo-Tsai, and Chun-Wei Lee. "Fabrication and characteristics of thin disc piezoelectric transformers based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles." Ultrasonics 48, no. 2 (2008): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2007.10.009.

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26

Bai, Mingsian R., Rong-Liang Chen, Chung-Yuan Chuang, Cheng-Sheng Yu, and Huey-Lin Hsieh. "Finite-Element Electroacoustic Analysis and Taguchi Design of Piezoelectric Buzzers Based on the Vibration Absorber Model." Open Acoustics Journal 1, no. 1 (2008): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874837600801010034.

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27

Wu, Jianchao, Yunsheng Yao, Yixuan Chen, and Weijie Li. "Feasibility Study of an Active Sensing Approach to Detect Soil Slope Interlayer Slide Using Piezoceramic Buzzers." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 18 (2021): 20951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3095960.

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28

Faiz Bin Abdul Ghani. "Smart Cane based on IoT." International Journal of Education, Science, Technology, and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijeste-0201.15.

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Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.
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Alam, Umme Kawsar, Fazle Rabby, and M. T. Islam. "Development of a Technical Device Named GPS Based Walking Stick for the Blind." Rajshahi University Journal of Science and Engineering 43 (December 31, 2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujse.v43i0.26153.

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Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.
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Syaukat, Rosidah, and Ekky Imanjaya. "Tweet Berbayar: Bagaimana Word-Of-Mouth Bekerja dalam Media Baru." Humaniora 2, no. 2 (2011): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i2.3170.

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New media, like Twitter, has changed many possibilities, including marketing strategy in Indonesia. One of the extraordinary phenomena is paid-to-tweet, as being used by celebrity or ordinary users. The purpose of the article is to identify how Twitter roles in marketing: what the unique characteristic of Twitter so that Word-of-Mouth (WOM) could work effectively and efficiently? How viral marketing, buzz marketing and recommendation could move simultaneously to increase awareness to consumers about specific goods and services? How to choose the endorsers, as buzzers and key opinion leader in social media like Twitter? And why is hard-sale highly forbidden in new marketing practical style? Generally, the article will analyze about what and how regarding phenomena of paid-to-tweet happening in Indonesia.
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Rahmat Hidayat and Rizqi Agung Permana. "Prototype Sanitizer Dispenser Automated System Pencegah Penularan Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)." Jurnal Teknik Informatika 7, no. 1 (2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51998/jti.v7i1.347.

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Abstract— Microcontroller is one of the basic parts of a computer system in which there is a processor, input and output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Control Unit, Shift Register and Arithmetic Logic Unit. This microcontroller is able to activateseveral electronic devices such as leds, buzzers, DC motors, lighting lamps and so on. At this time in the pandemic coronavirus,crowded places are obliged to implement health protocols recommended by the government such as wearing masks, washinghands, carrying sanitizers. And for crowded places must implement it. Because coronavirus is very contagious. Therefore the author examines that the sanitizer in front of the store is still implementing manuals. So that it can transmit the virus. Therefore the author is thinking about applying an automatic sanitizer with a microcontroller made. With the creation of this system is expected to reduce the spread of coronavirus transmission (COVID-19) incrowded places. 
 Intisari— Mikrokontroller merupakan adalah salah satu dari bagian dasar dari suatu sistem komputer yang didalamnya terdapat sebuah processor, input dan output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register dan Aritmatic Logic Unit.Mikrokontroller ini mampu mengaktifkan beberapa perangkat elektronika seperti led, buzzer, motor DC, lampu penerangandan sebagainya. Saat ini dalam masa pademi coronavirus tempat-tempat keramain wajib menerapkan protokol kesehatanyang dianjurkan oleh pemerintah seperti memakasi masker,mencuci tangan, membawa sanitizer. Dan bagi tempattempat keramaian wajib menerapkannya. Karena coronavirus ini sangat mudah menular. Oleh sebab itu penulis meneliti bahwa sanitizer yang ada di depan toko itu masih menerapkan manual. Sehingga dapat menularkan virus tersebut. Oleh karenaitu penulis berfikiran menerapkan sanitizer otomatis dengan mikrokontroller yang dibuat. Dengan dibuatnya sistem inidiharapkan dapat mengurangi penyebaran penularan coronavirus (COVID-19) di tempat-tempat keramaian.
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Khalaf Al Hattali, Sultan Saleem, Shaik Mazhar Hussain, and Anilloy Frank. "Design and development for detection and prevention of ATM skimming frauds." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 3 (2020): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i3.pp1224-1231.

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ATM Skimming is a major concern that needs to be addressed with a specific solution. ATM Skimming is done in two steps. One is stealing the Personal Information that is stored on the Debit card / Credit card using Rain cover connected to the card reader slot (ATM’s real card slot). The second is installing a Fake keypad that can capture the pin code when the card holder enters pin details. Few researchers have proposed solutions to address the issue using Image Processing techniques. However, it does not provide a complete solution in a long term. Hence it is of paramount importance to provide ATM with high security features. In order to solve the issue of ATM Skimming, An Embedded System design is proposed. The research is carried out in two phases. One is detection phase and the second is Prevention Phase. In the detection phase, Hardware components such as Arduino Mega, Force Sensing Resistor (FSR), GPS, GSM and Buzzer are used. Arduino Mega acts as a Central Processor that processes the information received from Force sensing resistor (FSR) and send SMS Messages to ROP and Bank Officials using GSM and informing them about the ATM Location using GPS where the Fraud is taking place. Buzzer can be used at the ATM Locations to alert nearby people. In the prevention Phase, as a preventive measure a Onetime password (OTP) technique is used. If a fraudster somehow succeeds in Fixing fake key pad and Rain Cover at ATM’s real card slot, When he tries to insert debit card, An OTP will be generated and is sent to the Card Holder which in turn he can know someone is trying to make Transactions and quickly he can ask bank officials to Block his account and inform ROP about the same. Expected findings of the proposed work is to detect Fake keypads and Fake card readers using FSR placed at the edges of Original Keypad and card reader slot. Sending messages to ROP, BANK OFFICIALS and CARD HOLDER using GSM. ATM locations are identified using GPS. Buzzers are used to alert nearby people.
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Rahman La Mai and Muchlis. "Sistem Absensi Menggunakan Teknologi Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) pada CV. Kereta Laju Kota Tangerang." Jurnal Teknik Informatika 7, no. 1 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51998/jti.v7i1.348.

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Abstract— Microcontroller is a hardware in which there are a processor, input and output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, ControlUnit, ShiftRegister and Arithmetic Logic Unit. This microcontroller is able to activate several electronic devices such as LEDs, buzzers, motor, light, and also can communicate with other devices such as the web, mobile and so on. When the author/(researcher) conducted the research on 13 March 2019 to 22 August 2019, the attendance system applied in cv. Kereta laju still uses manual methods, so the author(researcher) feel less efficient and can cause errors and manipulations in recording employee attendance. Then the author(researcher) conducted the second research in 2020 to continue making a more efficient attendance system that can reduce the causes of errors and manipulations in recording employee attendance, using Rfid (Radio Frequency Identification). With the presence of this Rfid attendance system, it can reduce errors in recording employee in vc. Kereta laju. And also as an innovation development by utilizing advances in technology,especially microcontroller. 
 Intisari— Mikrokontroller merupakan sebuah perangkat keras yang didalamnya terdapat sebuah processor, input danoutput, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, ShiftRegister dan Aritmatic Logic Unit. Mikrokontroller ini mampu mengaktifkanbeberapa perangkat elektronika seperti led, buzzer, motor, lampu.dan juga dapat berkomunikasi dengan device lain sepertiweb, mobile dan lain lain sebagainya. Pada saat penulis melalukan riset 13 maret 2019 sampai 22 agustus 2019, sistemabsensi yang di terapkan pada cv.kereta laju masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga penulis rasa kurang efisiendan dapat menimbulkan kesalahan dan manipulasi pada pencatatan kehadiran karyawan. Kemudian penulis melakukanriset yang ke dua di tahun 2020 untuk melanjutkan pembuatan sistem absensi yang lebih efisien yang dapat mengurangipenyebab terjadinya kesalahan dan manipulasi pada pencatatan kehadiran karyawan, dengan menggunakan RFID (RadioFrequency Identification). Degan adanya sistem absensi RFID ini dapat mengurangi kesalahan pada pencatatan keahirankaryawan di vc.kereta laju. Dan juga sebagai pengembangan inovasi dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan dibidang teknologi khususnya mikrokontroller.
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Fadhil, Rahmad, and Mohammad Hafiz Hersyah. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Reservasi Ruangan Menggunakan Near Field Communication (NFC) Berbasis Mikrokontroller." JITCE (Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering) 4, no. 02 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.4.02.95-104.2020.

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Current technological developments also help in the ordering system. Simplifying the reservation system with information technology is one of the innovations made to help users of the room more easily in booking a room. The system designed consists of hardware and software connected to book a room based on, UID, usage time and to open the door of the room. Hardware includes Arduino Mega, NFC tags, NFC readers, relays, solenoids, buzzers, and LEDs. The software includes a Mysql website and database. The system will store user data, date, shift, length of usage and type of room booked by the user. NFC tags will be used by the customer to open the door to the room by getting closer to the NFC reader. This system aims to facilitate the process of borrowing space without having to undergo a convoluted process.
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Kobayashi, Kazuki, and Seiji Yamada. "Motion Overlap for a Mobile Robot to Express its Mind." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 8 (2007): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0964.

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This paper discusses how a mobile robot may express itself to get help from users in a cooperative task. We focus on a situation in which a robot expresses its state of mind to get a user to lend it help. The design we propose, calledmotion overlap(MO), enables a robot to express human-like behavior in communicating with others. We reasoned that human-like behavior in a robot could help the user to understand its state of mind. We designed a small sweeping robot based on MO that conductsback and forth movement, and compared its MO expression in experiments with other nonverbal communication, i.e., buzzers and blinking LEDs. We found that the MO expression encouraged most users to help the robot. Differences among results obtained for the three types of expression were statistically significant, and results demonstrate that MO has potential in the design of robots for the home.
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36

Shore, H. "Cross coves, buzzers and general sorts of prigs: juvenile crime and the criminal 'underworld' in the early nineteenth century." British Journal of Criminology 39, no. 1 (1999): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/39.1.10.

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Ferrara-Bello, Andres, Pedro Vargas-Chable, Gerardo Vera-Dimas, Rafael Vargas-Bernal, and Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres. "XYZ Micropositioning System Based on Compliance Mechanisms Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing." Actuators 10, no. 4 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10040068.

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This article presents the design and implementation of a micropositioning system actuated by three piezoelectric stacks to control its displacements on XYZ axes. The use of conventional piezoelectric buzzers allows us to reduce fabrication costs. The working or mobile platform is the base for objects that will be manipulated, for example, in automated assembling. The micropositioner can be integrated into a microgripper to generate a complete manipulation system. For micropositioner fabrication, at first, Polylactic Acid (PLA) was chosen as the structural material, but after simulation and some experimental tests performed with a micropositioner made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), it showed larger displacement (approx. 20%) due to its lower stiffness. A third test was performed with a positioner made with Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), obtaining an intermediate performance. The originality of this work resides in the geometrical arrangement based on thermoplastic polymer compliance mechanisms, as well as in the use of additive manufacturing to fabricate it. An experimental setup was developed to carry out experimental tests. ANSYS™ was used for simulation.
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Sidorovich, Anna A., Vladimir V. Ivanovskij, Vadim E. Sidorovich, and Irina A. Solovej. "Landscape-related variation in the diet composition of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) in Belarus." Slovak Raptor Journal 10, no. 1 (2016): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0006.

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Abstract We examined common buzzard (Buteo buteo) feeding patterns in landscapes with different habitat structure in Belarus. A total of 561 pellets and prey remains were sampled in 1998-2012 from which 1065 prey and other food items were identified. Effects of habitat structure on buzzard diet composition were investigated using correlation analysis. The most abundant group in buzzards’ diets were small rodents (49-80% of the biomass consumed), followed by other mammals and birds. Reptiles, anurans, fish and invertebrates constituted the rest. Proportions of all food items varied greatly between landscapes. The mean-weighted body mass of vertebrate prey hunted by common buzzards in different landscapes ranged from 107 to 244 g, constituting on average 180 g. Among small rodents, voles of the genus Microtus were hunted selectively. The food niche breadth was directly proportional to the amount of forest habitat. With increasing amount of forest habitat, the proportion of Microtus voles in buzzards’ diets decreased and the proportions of other food items grew. These findings confirm the majority of previous results indicating feeding opportunism of the common buzzard. Our investigation enables better understanding of predator-prey interactions and the prey choice of the common buzzard in Belarus.
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Aisyah Rahimi, Hamimi Zakri, and Azira Khalil. "Development of Automatic Reminder System for Geriatric Medicine Intake." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology 7, no. 1 (2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v7i1.152.

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The consumption of medicine is typical in geriatrics, having many problems related to medications. Geriatrics often forget to take their medicine, and this problem can be overcome by using an automatic reminder system. In this study, an automated reminder system is developed as an improved community element, acting as a system that can help geriatric in taking their medicine on time, thus, boosting their health condition. This reminder system also includes an interaction between the geriatrics and their caretakers. This reminder system includes Arduino UNO as the microcontroller, with the notification system, Blynk Application, a buzzer, and a light-emitting diode (LED) system. To make this reminder system more versatile, the buzzer will alarm during the medicine intake time, giving information to the elderly on which medicine to take. When the time has reached to take medication, the buzzer will produce a sound. Suppose the medicine box opens after the buzzer's sound and is detected by the passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor). In that case, the caretaker will receive a notification through the Blynk application that the geriatric already took medicine. On the contrary, if the medicine box is not open after 3 minutes following the buzzer's sound, which indicates that the geriatric did not take their medicine, the system will not send a notification to their caretakers on the status. This prototype is tested on ten users for its accuracy and effectiveness. It is believed that this system can provide geriatrics more alert in taking their medicine on time, enhancing their health status.
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Ситдикова, Гузель. "STRATEGY OF ADAPTIVE DIGITALIZATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 4-2 (2020): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.4.37.

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People in different generations find information that is important to them in the digital environment. Millennials and buzzers have grown up in the digital space and have learned to gain knowledge there. Digitalization has become a part of being, and it defines consciousness. Many professions are changing the vector of competencies before the era of global digitalization comes. This trend has spread to the field of criminal proceedings. The study of the problems of digitalization of criminal procedural relations makes it possible to identify trends in the use of technological advantages and propose a step-by-step Strategy for adaptive digitalization of criminal proceedings. Purpose: to analyze the current state and transformation of criminal procedural relations in the digital environment, proposing a Strategy for adaptive digitalization of criminal proceedings in the space of augmented reality. Methods: the author uses empirical methods of comparison, description, modeling, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic, synthesis: scientific concepts forming, the formulation of laws. Results: the study makes it possible to identify certain aspects of criminal procedural relations; their legal regulation with accessible adaptation to digitalization will increase the efficiency of preliminary investigation bodies activities and the effectiveness of judicial proceedings.
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41

., Jayesh. "Vehicle Anti-Theft Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35879.

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Property crimes are said to hover around 10 million annually. Of this, vehicle theft tops the list and often occurs in all parts of the world. In response to a Right to Information (RTI) query made by The Indian Express shows that a total of 2,801 motor vehicle thefts took place in 2020 Mumbai, where in 1,085 cases account for 39 per cent of the total cases detected. Of the total 2,801 vehicle theft cases, 2,019 cases were of two-wheelers, 185 were four-wheelers and the remaining 623 cases were thefts of other vehicles like rickshaws, tempos etc.. The methods currently involved in vehicle theft detection such as buzzers and alarms have become cognizant to everyone including the burglars and effortlessly override the system and steal the vehicle. This paper proposes a system presenting a mechanism to mitigate the possibility of vehicle thefts. The system provides security by sending an SMS message as soon the vehicle is moved or crosses Geo-Barrier grid without knowledge of owner and also provides the owner with set of actions that can also be taken. System also offers location updates timely to the registered devices through SiM7600E. New features can be periodically be added hence making it future proof.
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Purwaningwulan, Melly Maulin. "The Da’wah Messages as the Spiritual Marketing Approach of Islamic Fashion E-Commerce at HIJUP.COM." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 15, no. 1 (2021): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v15i1.4696.

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Indonesian Muslim consumers are looking for functional and emotional benefits in products and seeking spiritual blessings. This trend is a challenge for Islamic fashion e-commerce in promoting its products. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of single case study research methods. The subject of this research is Islamic fashion e-commerce HIJUP.com. Researchers selected informants in the study using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Researchers used two analysis methods in case of breakdowns: an analysis based on theoretical propositions and developing case descriptions. The study results show that in Islamic fashion e-commerce, HIJUP.com contains the contents of da’wah messages, precisely, Look Good, Feel Good, Do Good. The da’wah message includes a philosophy that leads to obedience to Allah SWT concept. The message structure uses conclusion drawing and order of presentation. The message display in HIJUP.com is high-tech but straightforward techniques. The message format is unique, with interests in story or narrative and visual elements. The source of the message uses brand ambassadors, influencer marketing, and also buzzers. The study concludes that the da’wah message conveyed by Islamic fashion e-commerce includes aqidah, sharia, and morals that focus on obedience to Allah SWT, not in the preaching style while inspiring to empower Muslim women.
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Csörgő, Tibor, Richárd Zornánszky, Tibor Szép, and Péter Fehérvári. "Should the Common Buzzard be hunted?" Ornis Hungarica 20, no. 2 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2013-0006.

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Abstract The Common Buzzard is a widespread and abundant raptor in Europe. Recently, game keepers have argued that the buzzard population has increased in Hungary and is threatening valuable small game species. Hunting of the buzzard has been prohibited since 1933, and since 1954 it has also been protected by law, in Hungary. Here we review scientific literature on recent population changes of the species, prey composition, and anatomical constraints of foraging. We show that according to the Common Bird Monitoring Program the breeding population remained stable in 1992-2012. Because of its anatomy and its hunting techniques it is not able to hunt efficiently for valuable small game. According to studies made with different methods in different parts of Europe in the last century, most of its prey species are small mammals. Therefore, the Common Buzzard population may help sustain rodent populations, thus providing essential ecosystem services for agriculture. Game species can also occur in the diet, however the proportion is negligible and buzzards usually acquire such prey as carcasses or handicapped individuals. We found no justification in favour of lifting the hunting ban of Common Buzzards in Hungary.
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Wu, Yi Qun. "Food Habitats of the Breeding Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in Northwestern China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2699.

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During breeding season, the diets of the Long-legged Buzzards (Buteo rufinus) were studied through pellet and prey remains analysis in arid habitat of northwestern China from 2005 to 2006. By number, mammals 60.00% constituted of the diet, birds 18.00%, reptiles 22.00%. In term of biomass, mammals comprised 87.19% of the diet, birds 6.18%, reptiles 6.63%. The most numerous prey of the Long-legged Buzzards was Rhombomys opimus (48.00%), but Gazella subgutturosa (57.97%) dominated the diet by biomass. Special findings included homing pigeon and a number of nestling and fledging Passerines in the diet. Our results showed that mammals and birds were major prey of breeding Long-legged Buzzard, and results suggest that this Buzzard is an opportunistic hunter and feeds on a wide range of food habitat.
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Okoli, CP, JO Aiyedun, and OO Oludairo. "INVESTIGATION OF AVERAGE DAILY WATER CONSUMPTIONAND ITS IMPACT ON WEIGHT GAIN IN CAPTIVE COMMON BUZZARDS (BUTEO BUTEO)." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 13, no. 2 (2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i2.26615.

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This investigation was to find out whether captive common buzzards need additional drinking water to complement the water they obtain from their pre-slaughtered meat meals and to investigate their average daily water requirements. Twenty five (25) common buzzards were studied at the wildlife hospital and rehabilitation centre Aegina, Greece with weight ranging between 498.4g and 911g. Large quantity of potable water was measured equally into same size ceramic bowls and served each bird under study in separate individual paper boxes. At the end of 24 hours, the left over water was carefully brought out and re-measured to determine the quantity the birds have consumed. A control was set with a ceramic bowl with same quantity of water put in a paper box without a bird to determine the quantity of water lost to the atmosphere through evaporation on each day of the experiment. The water lost from the control on a daily basis was corrected in order to determine the quantity the common buzzards consumed daily. The weight of the studied buzzards were carefully taken and recorded 6 times each during the study period with W1 and W6 as entry and exit weights respectively. The mean of W1-W6 was used for the computation of the average percentage live body weight of the buzzards. The investigation revealed that captive common buzzards took water every day and the average daily water consumption of 724.9g buzzard was 31.4cc or 4.3% of its live body weight. The investigation further shows that the average water lost by evaporation daily (10.7cc) and that consumed by each buzzard daily (31.4cc) add up to 5.8%, equivalent of the average live body weight of the studied captive common buzzards which was 724.9g. The regression coefficient indicated that wt.gain / loss = 0.942 + 1.795 H2O. This implies that a unit increase in the average quantity of water consumed resulted in a corresponding increase of 1.795 body weight gain by the captive common buzzards.
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46

McInerny, C. J., and K. D. Shaw. "The honey-buzzard in Scotland: a rare, secretive and elusive summer visitor and breeder." Glasgow Naturalist 27, no. 1 (2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27103.

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The honey-buzzard (Pernis apivorus) is probably Scotland’s most enigmatic breeding bird of prey. The raptor is extremely difficult to observe, being rare, secretive and elusive. Over the past few years we have discovered two populations of honey-buzzards in central Scotland. Systematic and intensive monitoring of these populations has revealed new information about the species’ annual breeding cycle. In this paper we review the history and distribution of the honey-buzzard in Scotland and summarise the results of our recent studies in central Scotland, which have considerably increased understanding of the species.
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Arianto, Bambang, and Andriya Risdwiyanto. "Kiprah Aktor Warganet melalui Media Sosial dalam Pemasaran Digital: Studi Kasus pada #HondaBeAT." Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrepreneurship 11, no. 1 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v11i1.636.

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<em><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to determine the role of netizen actors on social media in the digital marketing of a product brand, like #HondaBeAT. Nowadays, the use of social media to exchange information is increasing for the dissemination of messages and other contents. In the digital marketing ecosystem, social media plays an important role in introducing products, enhancing a positive image, and building relationships with customers. The use of social media platforms, such as Twitter and Instagram, has attracted the attention of the younger generation, especially the millennial generation (Y) and the post-millennial generation (Z). The level of effectiveness of digital marketing is also influenced and determined by the progress of netizen actors, such as followers, influencers, and buzzers. Their role is increasingly important to convey information more effectively through various product and service brand content on various social media platforms. This study uses a qualitative approach to analyze data from social media conversations on Twitter and Instagram within a certain period of time with the help of the Drone Emprit Academic (DEA) application. This research reveals the progress of netizen actors on the company’s official accounts of Twitter and Instagram as a basic understanding for designing and compiling digital marketing strategies using product brand hashtags. This study also found that the netizen actors studied had their respective roles in strengthening the delivery of messages and content on social media.</span></em>
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Yulastri, Yulastri, Era Madona, and Efrizon Efrizon. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pengawasan Kondisi Penderita Vertigo Menggunakan Accelerometer Berbasis Mikrokontroler." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 10, no. 2 (2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.10.2.76.

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This research designs and makes low-cost portable devices to monitor risk patients losing their balance such as vertigo patients and cause dizziness, fall or not. This tool can determine the patient condition and send information in SMS notification and telephone calls to the patient's family. This tool uses ATmega 328 (Arduino Uno) and tilt sensor HMC5883L (accelerometer) GY-273 as the patient's body tilt detector and GSM SIM800L module for sending SMS notifications and phone calls for remote information while for short range notifications used LEDs and Buzzers. The position detection of vertigo patients works by reading the slope of the patient's body with a tilt sensor (accelerometer) and if the patient's position is no longer robust or unbalanced, then this condition trigger the GSM SIM800L module activate phone calls. When the patient falls and presses the push button, this condition ask the GSM SIM800L module sending SMS notifications. The results of testing performed on the device in detecting falls as much as 30 times, obtained the value of the sensitivity of dizziness activity by 87% and the value of sensitivity on activity fell by 90%. The system requires an average of 8 seconds after the activity falls to send SMS notifications to users of telephone numbers, and also requires an average of 5 to 6 seconds after dizziness to make phone calls to users of telephone numbers. It is expected that the making of this tool can ease monitoring in vertigo patients while on the move
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Mustaqim, Abi Sabila, Danny Kurnianto, and Fikra Titan Syifa. "Implementasi Teknologi Internet of Things Pada Sistem Pemantauan Kebocoran Gas LPG dan Kebakaran Menggunakan Database Pada Google Firebase." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.12.1.161.

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Fire due to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) gas leak is one of the disasters that still often occurs in the community. Community ignorance of safety standards in using LPG gas is one reason. Fires can be prevented if at the time of the LPG gas leak can be detected earlier. Therefore we need a system that can monitor the condition of gas leaks and fires remotely. Internet of things (IoT) technology can be applied to this monitoring system so that information on LPG gas leaks and fires can be monitored remotely. The Internet of Things (IoT) based LPG and Fire leak monitoring system is a concept that utilizes internet connectivity between smartphone devices connected to sensor devices. The devices used to support this system include NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller and as a liaison to the internet, MQ-6 gas sensors and flame sensors as sensors for detecting gas and fire leaks, buzzers as alarms, and fans as neutralizing gas levels in the room. Data obtained by the sensor will be uploaded to the database via the internet and can be accessed through an android application. The results of the design show that the android application can display notifications when a gas leak or fire occurs. In testing the performance of data transmission, the results show that the highest data transmission delay is 64,61 seconds, and the lowest delay time is 61,56 seconds, the highest throughput value is 747,6 bits/second, and the lowest value is 285,4 bits/second.
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Pulikova, Genriyetta I., and Sergey Yu Tugarev. "Rearing of Juvenile Long-Legged Buzzards by Steppe Eagle in Western Kazakhstan." Raptors Conservation, no. 42 (May 2021): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2021-42-55-57.

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On 15 of June, we examined a living nest of Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) 6 km southeast from village Altykarasu of the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan. Below the nest, there were two fully-fledged juvenile Long-Legged Buzzards (Buteo rufinus). This observation could be attributed to non-lethal catch of Long-Legged Buzzard nestlings by Steppe Eagle with subsequent rearing.
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