Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'By-phrase'
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Boberg, Per. "Word by word, phrase by phrase, sentence by sentence : A corpus-based study of the N1 by N1 construction." Thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5771.
Full textBoberg, Per. "Word by word, phrase by phrase, sentence by sentence : A corpus-based study of the N1 by N1 construction." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5771.
Full textThe present paper examines the N1 by N1 construction using corpus linguistic methodology.The distribution of types of the construction that occur more than once either unhyphenated or hyphenated in any subcorpus of the British National Corpus accessed through the BrighamYoung University interface is examined. Written and spoken language as well as variousgenres are compared. Hyphenation is also investigated. A collocation analysis of some typesof the construction is further carried out and it is concluded that the N1 by N1 construction canbe part of the on a N1 by N1 basis construction. Results from the quantitative analysis as wellas the qualitative discussion suggest that the N P N construction may be undergoinglexicalisation starting as an adverbial and moving to functioning as a premodifier. Thissuggestion is indicated through complementary diachronic searches in the Oxford EnglishDictionary. It is also indicated that the construction may follow a development pattern similarto that of N1 to N1. The notion of construction is discussed in relation to the N1 by N1 construction, and a hierarchical view of constructions is proposed as a solution to some of theproblems with the term.
Youhanaee, Manijeh. "The acquisition of the English Complementizer Phrase by adult Persian speakers." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363548.
Full textSnape, Neal. "The acquisition of the English determiner phrase by Japanese and Spanish learners of English." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434405.
Full textMagloire, Joel. "Eye movements by good and poor readers during reading of regular and phrase-segmented texts." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280027.
Full textHu, Yang. "Acquisition of English verb-prepositional phrase and verb-particle constructions by native speakers of Mandarin and Spanish." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502176.
Full textLindsey, Brittany Anne. "La Is Better than el: The Role of Regularity and Lexical Familiarity in Noun Phrase Production by Young Spanish-Speaking Children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193850.
Full textParramon, Chocarro Francisco Javier. "Actional passives in child catalan." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384221.
Full textThis thesis results from the first comprehensive investigation into children’s acquisition of actional passives in two varieties of Catalan: Central Catalan and Majorcan Catalan. The acquisition of passives by children has proved to be delayed in a number of languages, especially those which do not have s-homophones between an adjectival passive and a verbal passive. Firstly, a study of spontaneous production in children and adults was made to see the frequency of the different kinds of passives (periphrastic, adjectival and pronominal) for both groups. Using a sentence-picture matching task I undertook a first experiment to see if there was delay in the acquisition of actional passives in Catalan. Also, and because the by-phrase in Majorcan Catalan has the same preposition as agentive nominals, a second experiment was run to see the possible facilitation of having the same preposition in the comprehension of long passive constructions; no effect of the preposition was found. Lastly, a third experiment was run to check the comprehension of adjectival passives versus short passives; verbal passives were shown to be interpreted as adjectival until the age of 7.
Ren, Hulin Marvin. "Individual differences in L2 sentence processing : The processing of complex noun phrase/tough movement sentences and parasitic gap/WH-movement sentences by Chinese-speaking learners of English as a L2." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531721.
Full textKorhonen, Jannina. "A Corpus Study of Signalling Nouns in L2 English Essays by Swedish Students." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28243.
Full textLiu, Songhao. "The acquisition of the Chinese de-construction by native English speakers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1192.
Full textMatsubara, Shigeki, Yoshihide Kato, and Seiji Egawa. "Sentence Compression by Removing Recursive Structure from Parse Tree." Springer, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15113.
Full textCallipo, Manuela. "Pour l’histoire du « discours bien construit » : le livre I du De contructione d’Apollonius Dyscole et les reprises chez Priscien." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30015.
Full textThe subject of this research is the De constructione by Apollonius Dyscolus, the first treatise on syntax written in classical antiquity, and in particular its first book, studied in comparison with the book XVII de constructione of the Institutiones grammaticae by Priscian, who looked back to Apollonius at the beginning of the VI century. The Greek text, printed according to the edition by G. Uhlig (1910), sometimes modifed because of different textual choices, is followed by its first Italian translation ; furthermore, to allow a comparison with the latin treatise, the corresponding passages of the book XVII by Priscian have been printed and translated too. The commentary aims to explain the critical choices, but particular attention has also been paid to the order of the parts of speech set by Apollonius and to their relationship with Greek and latin grammatical tradition, also on papyrus. With respect to the translated sections of Priscian, a new manuscript, the Vaticanus lat. 3313, has been transcribed ; this made it possible to improve, although only in the details, the text of the edition by Hertz (1855-1859). Texts and translations are preceded by an introduction which, after an excursus about Apollonius' analogical method, analyses the relationship between grammar and philosophy, especially Stoicism and Platonicism, to show that it is not possible to correct Apollonius through Priscian through Apollonius : Priscian's Neoplatonic background seems not to be active in Apollonius, who lived four centuries earlier. Finally, this work offers a short history of manuscript tradition and of modern editions of the two treatises De constructione
Chan, Hung-chong, and 陳虹莊. "A comparison of the English and Chinese patterns of modification of noun phrases and the difficulties created by the differences betweenthe two patterns in translation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195120X.
Full textWoodruff, Scott David. "A Comparison of Four Works by Two Recognized Leaders of the Tin Pan Alley Style." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1247692297.
Full textChen, Dongdong 1960. "L2 acquisition of English psych predicates by native speakers of Chinese and French." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42003.
Full textAn account of psych predicates is proposed, under which Experiencer Object (EO) verbs are the causatives of Experiencer Subject (ES) verbs, derived by zero affixation. Different D-structures are suggested for the two classes of verbs, solving the linking problem of psych predicates. The binding problem with EO verbs and corresponding -ing adjectives is resolved by the assumption of anaphoric pro, which enables the anaphor to be bound backwards by the antecedent through the extension of chain-binding theory. The Target/Subject Matter (T/SM) restriction is ruled out by a generalization established on the interaction of the zero CAUS and selectional restrictions.
Given the linguistic analysis that EO verbs are made up of a zero CAUS and a root, and the fact that psych adjectives and psych nominals are derived from these verbs, the central hypothesis for the L2 acquisition of English psych predicates hinges on this zero CAUS. It is predicted that if L2 learners of English have difficulty figuring out the causative nature of EO verbs and -ing adjectives, they should have difficulty recognizing the correct argument structure, the ungrammaticality of T/SM violations and the grammaticality of backwards binding with these predicates. A picture identification task, a multiple choice task and a grammaticality judgment and correction task are designed to test L2 learners' knowledge of these properties. The results obtained through the experiment are discussed with respect to the issues in second language acquisition.
Wang, Min-Chien, and 王民謙. "Reducing Phrase-based SMT Translation Tables By Phrase Pair Boundary Scope." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25843863439899992933.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
資訊工程學系
102
In Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (Phrase-Based SMT) systems, phrase pairs of the phrase translation table are generally extracted heuristically. That is, the most possible phrase pairs are extracted based on word alignment results. Such phrases are no more than sequences of consecutive words, without objective phrase segmentation criteria, a lot of messy phrase pairs will be generated, leading to extremely huge phrase translation table and diminish translation quality (in BLEU score). To overcome the problems introduced by the messy and huge phrase translation table, this article proposed to use Phrase Pair Boundary Scope (PPBS) information to assist phrase translation table reduction. First of all, we use an EM algorithm to estimate the probabilities of all possible phrase segmentations, which will identify the best phrase boundaries of the source and target sentences. We then check phrase pairs against the best phrase boundaries to prevent the extraction of inappropriate phrases into the phrase translation table. Through this approach, the translation quality may be improved in some cases and the size of phrase translation table will be reduced.
Peng, Wei-Gang, and 彭維剛. "Reducing Phrase-based SMT Translation Tables by Phrase Pair Coverage Rate." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72467599609554966608.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
資訊工程學系
102
Before generating the phrase translation tables in traditional phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB SMT), word alignment will be conducted first. Heuristics are then used to find the possible phrase pairs, thus producing the Phrase Translation Tables. Since the phrases and phrase pairs are induced from word alignment without phrase segmentation criteria, it is possible to produce a large number of messy phrases. In this paper, we propose a “Phrase Pair Coverage Rate” measure to help reduce the Phrase Translation Table. We firstly use an EM algorithm to find the best phrase segmentation of the source and target sentences, later in the Translation Model training (TM training) step of Moses, the phrase segmentation information is used, based on the “Phrase Pair Coverage Rate” to reduce the size of the Phrase Translation Table. The reduced Phrase Translation Table is then used with the Language Model (LM) to decode (i.e., to translate) the source sentences. Finally, the BLEU score is estimated to evaluate the translation quality, and comparison is made against the Moses SMT system. The experimental results show that phrase table size can be reduced by about 60~70%, and the BLEU score is close to Moses performance.
Évora, Helderyse Judith Ramos Rendall. "Aspects of Passives in Capeverdean (Santiago’s variety)." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15730.
Full textFusella, Paul Vincent. "Structural Priming and the Mental Representation of Agentive and Temporal by-Phrase Constructions: An Eye-Tracking Study." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-b3xa-f944.
Full textHo, Chuan-Yu, and 何傳宇. "The Study of Enhancing the Learning Effect of Resolution of the Similar Word and Phrase-Making among Handicapped Students by utilizing Interactive Whiteboard Combine Literacy Teaching:A Case of a Learning Disabilities Student in Elementary School." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/htmn9v.
Full text銘傳大學
教育研究所碩士在職專班
103
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resolution of the similar word and phrase-making among handicapped students by utilizing interactive whiteboard . The research participant was a fourth- graders with learning disabilities in an elementary school in Taoyuan. This study adopted the withdrawal design(A-B-A’) of a single-subject research. We examined this participant’s learning performance by using materials with interactive whiteboards and literacy teaching, and the assessment of the similar word. Furthermore, we examined the effects of resolution of the similar word and phrase-making on this participants.. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The strategy of interactive whiteboards with literacy teaching had immediate effects for a student with learning disabilities on resolution of the similar word of choosing a word by listening phrase and writing a word by listening phrase. 2. The strategy of interactive whiteboards with literacy teaching had maintaining effects for a student with learning disabilities on resolution of the similar word of choosing a word by listening phrase and writing a word by listening phrase. 3. The strategy of interactive whiteboards with literacy teaching had immediate and maintaining effects on a student with learning disabilities on resolution of the similar word of phrase-making by seeing a word. Finally, suggestions were provided for future instructions and researches.
"The Acquisition of the English dative by Chinese ESL learners." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886888.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references.
Acknowledgments --- p.i
Abstract --- p.i i
Table of Contents --- p.iv
List of tables --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1. --- The English Dative --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- The Learnability Problem --- p.3
Chapter 1.3. --- Aims of the Present Study --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Approaches to the Acquisition of the English Dative --- p.13
Chapter 2.1. --- Approaches to the Acquisition of the English Dative --- p.13
Chapter 2.1.1. --- An Item-by-item Approach --- p.14
Chapter 2.1.2. --- A Semantic and Morphophonological Approach --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.3. --- A Formal Approach --- p.19
Chapter 2.2. --- Empirical Studies on the Acquisition of the English Dative --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.1. --- L1 Acquisition of the English Dative --- p.22
Chapter (a) --- Mazurkewich and White (1984) --- p.22
Chapter (b) --- White ( 1987 ) --- p.23
Chapter (c) --- Gropen et al . (1989) --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.2. --- L2 Acquisition of the English Dative --- p.27
Chapter (a) --- Mazurkewich ( 1984 ) --- p.27
Chapter (b) --- Le Compagnon (1984) --- p.28
Chapter (c) --- Hawkins ( 1987 ) --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Research Design and Procedure --- p.36
Chapter 3.1. --- Test Design --- p.37
Chapter 3.1.1. --- Test 1 --- p.38
Chapter 3.1.2. --- Hypotheses --- p.44
Chapter 3.2. --- Test 2 --- p.46
Chapter 3.3. --- Test 3 and Test 4 --- p.47
Chapter 3.4. --- Cloze Test --- p.50
Chapter 3.5. --- Subjects --- p.50
Chapter 3.6. --- Test Procedure --- p.52
Chapter Chapter 4 --- . Results --- p.54
Chapter 4.1. --- Scoring Method --- p.54
Chapter 4.2. --- Results of Test 1 --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Subjects' Judgments of Prepositional Datives --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Subjects' Judgments of Double-object Datives --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.2.1. --- Performance of Native Speakers --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.2.2. --- Performance of Secondary Students --- p.57
Chapter 4.2.2.3. --- Performance of University Students --- p.59
Chapter 4.2.2.4. --- The Effect of L1 --- p.62
Chapter 4.3. --- Results of Test 2 --- p.63
Chapter 4.4. --- Results of Test 3 and Test 4 --- p.64
Chapter 4.5. --- Summary --- p.67
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.71
Chapter 5.1. --- The Semantic Constraint on the English Dative --- p.71
Chapter 5.2. --- Overgeneralization and the Learnability Problem --- p.76
Chapter 5.3. --- L1 Influence on Dative Acquisition by Chinese ESL Learners --- p.81
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.85
References --- p.89
Chapter Appendix I. --- Verb Check List --- p.93
Chapter Appendix IIa. --- Instruction for Test 1 --- p.94
Chapter Appendix IIb. --- Test Sentences for Test 1 --- p.96
Chapter Appendix IIIa. --- Instruction for Test 2 --- p.103
Chapter Appendix IIIb. --- Test Sentences for Test 2 --- p.104
Chapter Appendix IVa. --- Instruction for Test 3 --- p.107
Chapter Appendix IVb. --- Test Sentences for Test 3 --- p.108
Chapter Appendix Va. --- Instruction for Test 4 --- p.110
Chapter Appendix Vb. --- Test Sentences for Test 4 --- p.111
Chapter Appendix VI. --- Cloze Test --- p.114
"The acquisition of finiteness in verb complementation by Cantonese ESL learners." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888901.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [122]-125).
Acknowledgements
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Second Language Acquisition Research: Background and the Present Study
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Rationale for the Present Study --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Literature Background --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Finiteness in Verb Complementation as the Target for Research --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Differences between L1 (Cantonese) and L2 (English) --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Minimal Effect of Formal Instruction and Negative Evidence --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.5 --- Research Issues --- p.19
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Grammatical Analysis and Theoretical Issues
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.21
Chapter 2.2 --- Definition of Finiteness --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Properties of Finiteness --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Tense of the That-Clause and the Infinitival Clause --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Infinitival Particle TO --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Modality of the That-Clause and the Infinitival Clause --- p.25
Chapter 2.3 --- Classification of Clausal Complement Taking Verbs --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.1 --- A Syntactic Classification --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.2 --- A Semantic Classification --- p.32
Chapter 2.4 --- Theoretical Issues on Syntactic-Semantic Mappings --- p.36
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Canonical Structural Realization (Grimshaw 1981) --- p.37
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Correspondence between Syntactic Structure and Conceptual Structure (Jackendoff 1991) --- p.37
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Bootstrapping Proposals on the Acquisition of Verb Meaning --- p.43
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Syntactic-Semantic Mappings of Clausal Complements --- p.47
Chapter 2.5 --- Review of SLA Literature --- p.48
Chapter 2.5.1 --- L1 Transfer in L2 Verb Lexis --- p.48
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Semantics-Syntax Correspondence in SLA (Juffs 1994) --- p.51
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Language Transfer (Martohardjono & Flynn 1993) --- p.56
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Argument Structure in SLA (White 1991) --- p.59
Chapter 2.6 --- Hypotheses to the Research Issues --- p.62
Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Experiments
Chapter 3.1 --- Experiment I --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Subjects --- p.71
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Procedure --- p.71
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Logic and Hypotheses of the Test --- p.72
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Results of the Experiment --- p.82
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Analysis of the Results --- p.87
Chapter 3.2 --- The Follow-up Test --- p.100
Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Test --- p.100
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Subjects --- p.105
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Procedure --- p.106
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Analysis of the Results --- p.106
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion
Chapter 4.1 --- Conclusion --- p.112
Chapter 4.2 --- Future Research --- p.121
References
Appendix I
Appendix II