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Mayta, Rocha Diana Sadith, Peña Andrea Taco, Flores Dolly Marjorie Velasco, and Lozano Valeria Andrea Vidaurre. "Propuesta de negocio basada en el desarrollo de Smoothies Orgánicos, denominada “Healthy Smoothie”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624801.
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Mediante el presente trabajo se desarrollará el Proyecto Empresarial de Smoothies Saludables, que son bebidas preparadas con frutas peruanas de calidad y cuya funcionalidad es satisfacer las necesidades del consumidor en cuanto a salud, bienestar y dolencias corporales. Se analizará los factores internos y externos del sector para conocer la viabilidad del proyecto; así como se desarrollará las distintas técnicas de Marketing a fin de conocer la acogida del producto en el target elegido. Esto sin dejar de lado el establecimiento de objetivos y estrategias del proyecto para posteriormente conocer la rentabilidad del mismo.<br>With this work will develop the Business Project of Healthy Smoothies, which are drinks prepared with quality Peruvian fruits and whose functionality is to satisfy the needs of the consumer in terms of health, well-being and body ailments. The internal and external factors of the sector will be analyzed to know the viability of the project; as well as the different marketing techniques will be developed in order to know the reception of the product in the chosen target. This without leaving aside the establishment of objectives and strategies of the project to later know the profitability of the same.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Lapillonne, Suzanne. "Modélisation multi-échelles des laves torrentielles avec un modèle numérique couplé solide-fluide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI034.
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Les laves torrentielles sont des phénomènes géologiques d'écoulement rapides d'un mélange fluide solide dans le lit d'un torrent. Le risque associé à ces écoulements est important pour les communautés vivant dans les régions montagneuses. Pour améliorer la précision de la gestion du risque, il est important de pouvoir modéliser ces phénomènes de façon précise. Bien que la communauté de recherche autour des laves torrentielles soit enthousiaste aux approches numériques, seulement quelques modèles ont calibré et validé leurs modèles à plusieurs échelles en utilisant des données de terrains et des données expérimentales. Cette thèse vise à conceptualiser un modèle qui est à l'interface de la communauté des modélisateurs et de celle des experts de terrains. Pour ce faire, des données de terrains sont utilisées pour calibrer et valider un modèle précis et résolu dans la hauteur couplant à la fois un solveur de mécanique granulaire et de mécanique des fluides. Le modèle numérique utilise le solveur DualSPHysics, qui couple la méthode Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) avec une méthode de résolution des interactions solide-solide par la librairie ProjectChrono.Le travail présente d'abord une introduction avec un état de l'art de la recherche sur les laves torrentielles ainsi qu'une présentation de la méthode numérique employée. Ensuite, le travail est divisé en trois chapitres. Premièrement, un protocole pour l'exploration des données de terrains est présenté, de même que son application sur le torrent du Réal (Sud-Est de la France). Les données ainsi produites nourriront le modèle numérique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons un modèle simplifié 2D de laves. Les laves y sont présentées comme un mélange de grains polydisperse et de fluide visqueux au comportement Newtonien. Ce modèle est d'abord validé à plusieurs échelles puis des laves de différentes concentrations solides sont étudiées. Enfin, un modèle plus complexe est ébauché en employant un fluide interstitiel non-Newtonien. Le travail montre que ce type de modèle est adapté pour l'exploration de la physique des laves<br>Debris flows, i.e. rapid movements of a mixture of solid and fluid on steep terrain, pose significant risks to inhabited mountainous areas. Accurate modelling is crucial for effective risk mapping and to define relevant mitigation strategies in these regions. While there's enthusiasm in the community for debris flow modelling, only few models have used surge-scale data from real field measurements for calibration and validation at various scales. This Ph.D. thesis aims to conceptualise a field-driven coupled solid-fluid model for alpine debris flow surges at the surge scale. The numerical modelling in this study employs the hybrid model DualSPHysics, which uses the Lagrangian Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) method for fluid modelling and fully couples it with the solid dynamics solver ProjectChrono.After an introduction of the state-of-the-art in debris flow research and a presentation of the numerical methods, the work is divided in three interlocked sections. First, we focus on field data exploration by presenting a protocol for the processing of debris flow surge data. The outputted data on debris flow surges, processed from the monitoring station of the Réal torrent (South East France) will then feed the numerical model.Secondly, a simplified model is introduced. The front of the surges are represented in 2D featuring polydisperse boulders and a viscous Newtonian fluid. The model is rigorously validated against experimental data and empirical considerations.Thirdly, the model increases in complexity by adding a non-Newtonian rheology to the interstitial fluid.The work shows that such models are able to represent debris flow motion with field-like features
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at, Peter Michor@esi ac. "Smooth $*$--Algebras." ESI preprints, 2001. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi1046.ps.
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Harper, J. M. "Smooth SLE." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603730.
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The search for the scaling limits of two-dimensional critical systems has been a very active area of research in Statistical Physics. Recently, a new technique for the analysis of these scaling limits was developed after the introduction of a process known as the Stochastic Loewner Evolution (SLE) by Oded Schramm. This process is a stochastic version of the Loewner chain from classical complex analysis, in which the driving function of the chain is taken to be a Brownian motion. The behaviour of SLE has been widely studied and has enabled the rigorous identification of the scaling limits of several discrete critical systems including critical site percolation on the triangular lattice. Many other systems are also conjectured to converge to some SLE-related process. The study of the behaviour of SLE has also lead to the exact calculation of many quantities relating to the asymptotic behaviour of these discrete models. In this study, we review the theory of classical Loewner chains before introducing a process that can be viewed as a smooth analogue of a Loewner chain. We study the properties of this process and show that it possesses a greater degree of regularity than a classical Loewner chain; in particular, we show that the planar domains associated with the smooth chain have smooth boundaries. We then study these smooth chains in the stochastic setting of Schramm, calling the resulting process a smooth SLE. One main difference between SLE and smooth SLE is that SLE possesses a certain scale-invariance, whereas smooth SLE processes do not. This scale-invariance is often crucial to the proofs of the behaviour of SLE and therefore any proof of corresponding behaviour for the smooth case must use other methods. The extra regularity of the smooth chain implies that some of the behavioural exhibited by an SLE process is not seen for a smooth chain. However, the main behavioural phase change, seen for SLE when the variance parameter of the driving Brownian motion is changed, is also seen in the smooth case. Finally, we examine issues relating to the approximation of smooth Loewner chains and also the convergence of these smooth chains to their classical counterparts.
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Sjuve, Rolf. "Function of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in smooth muscle effects of hypertrophy and age and of desmin removal in a transgenic animal /." Lund : Dept. of Physiology and Neuroscience, Lund University, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=ccFqAAAAMAAJ.
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Immervoll, Stefan. "Smooth projective planes, smooth generalized quadrangles, and isoparametric hypersurfaces." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963257498.
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Hedman, Stefan. "Smooth and non-smooth approaches to simulation of granular matter." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50584.
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Granular matter is defined as a collection of particle grains, such as sand.This type of matter have different characteristics (solid, liquid and gas) depending on the energy level per grain. There are several approaches to modeling and numerical simulations of granular matter. They are used by different groups for different purposes, and the choice between the approaches is based on knowledge and tradition rather than what might be best for the purpose. The key questions are when to use what method and what physical quality is lost depending on the choice.Two regimes of discrete element granular simulations emerge: smooth and non-smooth. To compare the efficiency and physical quality of the two approaches, four physics softwares are examined including Bullet Physics, LMGC90, AgX and LIGGGHTS. Test scenes are setup in each software and the results are compared to each other or to the results of other work.The thesis is performed at UMIT Research Lab at Umeå University.
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Reach, Andrew McCaleb. "Smooth Interactive Visualization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78848.
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Information visualization is a powerful tool for understanding large
datasets. However, many commonly-used techniques in information
visualization are not C^1 smooth, i.e. when represented as a
function, they are either discontinuous or have a discontinuous first
derivative. For example, histograms are a
non-smooth visualization of density. Not only are histograms
non-smooth visually, but they are also non-smooth over their parameter
space, as they change abruptly in response to smooth change of bin
width or bin offset. For large data visualization, histograms are
commonly used in place of smooth alternatives, such as kernel density
plots, because histograms can be constructed from data cubes, allowing histograms to be constructed quickly for large datasets.
Another example of a non-smooth technique in information visualization
is the commonly-used transition approach to animation. Although
transitions are designed to create smooth animations, the transition
technique produces animations that have velocity discontinuities if
the target is changed before the transition has finished. The smooth
and efficient zooming and panning technique also shares this
problem---the animations produced are smooth while in-flight, but they
have velocity discontinuities at the beginning and end and of the
animation as well as velocity discontinuities when interrupted.
This dissertation applies ideas from signal processing to construct
smooth alternatives to these non-smooth techniques. To visualize
density for large datasets, we propose BLOCs, a smooth alternative to
data cubes that allows kernel density plots to be constructed quickly
for large datasets after an initial preprocessing step. To create
animations that are smooth even when interrupted, we present LTI
animation, a technique that uses LTI filters to create animations that
are smooth, even when interrupted. To create zooming and panning
animations that are smooth, even when interrupted, we generalize
signal processing systems to Riemannian manifolds, resulting in
smooth, efficient, and interruptible animations.<br>Ph. D.
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Brown-Turner, Dawn Leah. "Regulation of alpha- and beta-actin isoforms in the contracting A7r5 smooth muscle cell." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2009. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=1009.
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Jaworowski, Åsa. "Regulation of force and shortening velocity in smooth muscle." Lund : Dept. of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Lund, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38160968.html.
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Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.
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Maier, Georg [Verfasser]. "Smooth Minimum Arc Paths : Contour Approximation with Smooth Arc Splines / Georg Maier." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1084536501/34.
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Whyte, Claire Susan. "The effect of DHA and EPA on fibrosis-related factors in vascular cells." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted access until May 19, 2010, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25877.
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Sadykov, Rustam. "Singularities of smooth maps." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004282.
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IJpma, Gijs. "Airway smooth muscle dynamics." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/941.
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The current study aims to investigate the relative contributions of each of the processes that govern airway smooth muscle mechanical behaviour. Studies have shown that breathing dynamics have a substantial effect on airway constriction in healthy and diseased subjects, yet little is known about the dynamic response of the main instigator of airway constriction, Airway Smooth Muscle (ASM). In this work several models are developed to further the understanding of ASM dynamics, particularly the roles and interactions of the three dominant processes in the muscle: contractile dynamics, length adaptation and passive dynamics. Three individual models have been developed, each describing a distinct process or structure within the muscle. The first is a contractile model which describes the contractile process and the influence of external excitation on contractile behaviour. The second model incorporates the contractile model to describe length adaptation, which includes the reorganisation and polymerisation of contractile elements in response to length changes. The third model describes the passive behaviour of the muscle, which entails the mechanical behaviour of all non-contractile components and processes. As little data on the passive dynamics of the muscle was available in the literature, a number of experiments were conducted to investigate relaxed ASM dynamics. The experimental data and mathematical modelling showed that passive dynamics plays not only a dominant role in relaxed ASM, but contributes considerably to the dynamics of contracted muscle as well. A novel theory of sequential multiplication in passive ASM is proposed and implemented in a mathematical model. Experiments and literature validated the model simulations. Further integration of the models and improved force control modelling of length adaptation is proposed for future study. It is likely that the coupling of the models presented here with models describing other airway wall components will provide a more complete picture of airway dynamics, which will be invaluable for understanding respiratory disease.
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Schmolck, Alexander. "Smooth relevance vector machines." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/40793.
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Regression tasks belong to the set of core problems faced in statistics and machine learning and promising approaches can often be generalized to also deal with classification, interpolation or denoising problems. Whereas the most widely used classical statistical techniques place severe a priori constraints on the type of function that can be approximated (e.g. only lines, in the case of linear regression), the successes of sparse kernel learners, such as the SVM (support vector machine) demonstrate that good results may be obtained in a quite general framework by enforcing sparsity. Similarly, even very simple sparsity-based denoising techniques, such as classical wavelet shrinkage, can produce surprisingly good results on a wide variety of different signals, because, unlike noise, most signals of practical interest share vital characteristics (such as smoothness, or the ability to be well approximated by piece-wise linear polynomials of a low order) that allow a sparse representation in wavelet space. On the other hand results obtained from SVMs (and classical wavelet-shrinkage) suffer from a certain lack of interpretability, since one cannot straightforwardly attach probabilities to them. By contrast regression, and even more importantly classification, in a Bayesian context always entails a probabilistic measure of confidence in the results, which, provided the model assumptions are reasonably accurate, forms a basis for principled decision-making. The relevance vector machine (RVM) combines these strengths by explicitly encoding the criterion of model sparsity as a (Bayesian) prior over the model weights and offers a single, unified paradigm to efficiently deal with regression as well as classification tasks. However the lack of an explicit prior structure over the weight variances means that the degree of sparsity is to a large extent controlled by the choice of kernel (and kernel parameters). This can lead to severe overfitting or oversmoothing -- possibly even both at the same time (e.g. for the multiscale Doppler data). This thesis details an efficient scheme to control sparsity in Bayesian regression by incorporating a flexible noise-dependent smoothness prior into the RVM. The resultant smooth RVM (sRVM) encompasses the original RVM as a special case, but empirical results with a variety of popular data sets show that it can surpass RVM performance in terms of goodness of fit and achieved sparsity as well as computational performance in many cases. As the smoothness prior effectively makes it possible to use (highly efficient) wavelet kernels in an RVM setting this work also unveils a strong connection between Bayesian wavelet shrinkage and RVM regression and effectively further extends the applicability of the RVM to denoising tasks for up to millions of datapoints. We further discuss its applicability to classification tasks.
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Yu, Keming. "Smooth regression quantile estimation." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57655/.
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In this thesis, attention will be mainly focused on the local linear kernel regression quantile estimation. Different estimators within this class have been proposed, developed asymptotically and applied to real applications. I include algorithmdesign and selection of smoothing parameters. Chapter 2 studies two estimators, first a single-kernel estimator based on "check function" and a bandwidth selection rule is proposed based on the asymptotic MSE of this estimator. Second a recursive double-kernel estimator which extends Fan et al's (1996) density estimator, and two algorithms are given for bandwidth selection. In Chapter 3, a comparison is carried out of local constant fitting and local linear fitting using MSEs of the estimates as a criterion. Chapter 4 gives a theoretical summary and a simulation study of local linear kernel estimation of conditional distribution function. This has a special interest in itself as well as being related to regression quantiles. In Chapter 5, a kernel-version method of LMS (Cole and Green, 1992) is considered. The method proposed, which is still a semi-parametric one, is based on a general idea of local linear kernel approach of log-likelihood model. Chapter 6 proposes a two-step method of smoothing regression quantiles called BPK. The method considered is based on the idea of combining k- NN method with Healy's et al (1988) partition rule, and correlated regression model are involved. In Chapter 7, methods of regression quantile estimation are compared for different underlying models and design densities in a simulation study. The ISE criterion of interior and boundary points is used as a basis for these comparisons. Three methods are recommended for quantile regression in practice, and they are double kernel method, LMS method and Box partition kernel method (BPK). In Chapter 8, attention is turned to a novel idea of local polynomial roughness penalty regression model, where a purely theoretical framework is considered.
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Wynne, James. "The smooth Ponomarenko Dynamo." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49215.
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In this work, we study a class of continuous generalisations of the kinematic Ponomarenko Dynamo, in an annulus with perfectly conducting boundary conditions.\par We first consider the fundamentals of dynamo theory, deriving the governing equations and a general numerical code to find the growth rates for all modes and magnetic Reynolds numbers $R$. We concentrate on three types of flow fields: (a) flows which approximate the discontinuous Ponomarenko dynamo, (b) full solutions of the Navier Stokes driven by an axial pressure gradient and moving boundaries, and (c) flows where both the axial and azimuthal velocity components are powers of the cylindrical radius. Good agreement is found between the numerical results and the known asymptotic theory for large $R$. The smallest $R$-values permitting dynamo action are found, along with the values which gives rise to the fastest growing mode.
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Mattern, Heather M. "Lipotoxicity in smooth muscle." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4411.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gomez, Maria. "Calcium channel activity and force regulation in smooth muscle effects of polyamines and growth stimulation /." Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945015.html.
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Di, Francesco Nicola. "Species identification, distributioin and reproductive interactions of common smoot-hound and blackspotted smooth-hound shark (Genus mustelus) in the Adriatic Sea." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2170/.
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Longstanding taxonomic ambiguity and uncertainty exist in the identification of the common (M. mustelus) and blackspotted (M. punctulatus) smooth-hound in the Adriatic Sea. The lack of a clear and accurate method of morphological identification, leading to frequent misidentification, prevents the collation of species-specific landings and survey data for these fishes and hampers the delineation of the distribution ranges and stock boundaries of the species. In this context, adequate species-specific conservation and management strategies can not be applied without risks of population declining and local extinction.
In this thesis work I investigated the molecular ecology of the two smooth-hound sharks which are abundant in the demersal trawl surveys carried out in the NC Adriatic Sea to monitor and assess the fishery resources. Ecological and evolutionary relationships were assessed by two molecular tests: a DNA barcoding analysis to improve species identification (and consequently the knowledge of their spatial ecology and taxonomy) and a hybridization assay based on the nuclear codominant marker ITS2 to evaluate reproductive interactions (hybridization or gene introgression).
The smooth-hound sharks (N=208) were collected during the MEDITS 2008 and 2010 campaigns along the Italian and Croatian coasts of the Adriatic Sea, in the Sicilian Channel and in the Algerian fisheries. Since the identification based on morphological characters is not strongly reliable, I performed a molecular identification of the specimens producing for each one the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence (ca. 640 bp long) and compared them with reference sequences from different databases (GenBank and BOLD).
From these molecular ID data I inferred the distribution of the two target species in the NC Adriatic Sea. In almost the totality of the MEDITS hauls I found no evidence of species sympatry. The data collected during the MEDITS survey showed an almost different distribution of M. mustelus (confined along the Italian coasts) and M. punctulatus (confined along the Croatian coasts); just one sample (Gulf of Venice, where probably the ranges of the species overlap) was found to have catches of both the species.
Despite these data results suggested no interaction occurred between my two target species at least during the summertime (the period in which MEDITS survey is carried out), I still wanted to know if there were inter-species reproductive interactions so I developed a simple molecular genetic method to detect hybridization.
This method is based on DNA sequence polymorphism among species in the nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 locus (ITS2).
Its application to the 208 specimens collected raised important questions regarding the ecology of this two species in the Adriatic Sea. In fact results showed signs of hybridization and/or gene introgression in two sharks collected during the trawl survey of 2008 and one collected during the 2010 one along the Italian and Croatian coasts. In the case that it will be confirmed the hybrid nature of these individuals, a spatiotemporal overlapping of the mating behaviour and ecology must occur. At the spatial level, the northern part of the Adriatic Sea (an area where the two species occur with high frequency of immature individuals) could likely play the role of a common nursery area for both species.
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MacDonell, Karen Loraine. "Relationship between cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation and smooth muscle relaxation by cyclic AMP and analogs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30098.
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It is generally held that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) mediates smooth muscle relaxation by the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). This hypothesis was tested in two intact smooth muscle preparations, the rat vas deferens and the bovine coronary artery, using exogenously applied cAMP and cAMP analogs.
After 30 minutes of incubation, N⁶,2'-0-dibutyryl-cAMP (dBu-cAMP) (1 - 100 μM) inhibited phenylephrine (PE)-induced tension generation in the rat vas deferens in a dose-dependent manner. This analog (10 μM) also activated the soluble fraction of PKA but did not activate the particulate fraction kinase. In contrast, 8-bromo-cAMP (8Br-cAMP) (10 -100 μM) did not have any significant effect on inhibition of PE-induced tension after 30 minutes of incubation but, at a concentration of 10 μM, significantly activated both the soluble and particulate fractions of PKA. The time course of activation of soluble PKA activation by 8Br-cAMP (10 μM) demonstrated that the kinase was significantly activated only after 30 minutes of exposure to the analog.
In the bovine coronary artery, cAMP (10 - 100 μM) relaxed potassium-depolarized helical strips and significantly activated soluble PKA in a dose-dependent manner. dBu-cAMP (10 - 100 μM) affected neither tension nor soluble PKA activity. 8Br-cAMP (10 - 100 μM) did not affect the coronary artery tension but did activate soluble PKA.
Both smooth muscle preparations were homogenized with charcoal prior to the determination of PKA activity in order to minimize artifactual assay results. As a further precaution, extracellularly associated cAMP and analogs were also washed from bovine coronary artery strips after the incubation period. These controls allowed for a valid assessment of PKA activity in the cyclic nucleotide-treated tissues.
The results of the tension and kinase studies demonstrate a lack of correlation between activation of PKA and inhibition of rat vas deferens contraction or relaxation of bovine coronary artery. This does not support the hypothesis that the kinase is responsible for cAMP-induced relaxation of vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. While the mechanism by which exogenous cAMP and specific analogs induce relaxation in some smooth muscle preparations remains unclear, it can be suggested that PKA activation is not necessarily required for the final functional effect.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of<br>Graduate
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Shi, Yi. "Endothelial dysfunction and changes in vascular smooth muscle responsiveness in femoral arteries of rats with type I diabetes." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36841109.
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Rehman, Taslima. "Smooth and Non-Smooth Traveling Wave Solutions of Some Generalized Camassa-Holm Equations." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5841.
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In this thesis we employ two recent analytical approaches to investigate the possible classes of traveling wave solutions of some members of recently derived integrable family of generalized Camassa-Holm (GCH) equations. In the first part, a novel application of phase-plane analysis is employed to analyze the singular traveling wave equations of four GCH equations, i.e. the possible non-smooth peakon, cuspon and compacton solutions. Two of the GCH equations do no support singular traveling waves. We generalize an existing theorem to establish the existence of peakon solutions of the third GCH equation. This equation is found to also support four segmented, non-smooth M-wave solutions. While the fourth supports both solitary (peakon) and periodic (cuspon) cusp waves in different parameter regimes. In the second part of the thesis, smooth traveling waves of the four GCH equations are considered. Here, we use a recent technique to derive convergent multi-infinite series solutions for the homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of their traveling-wave equations, corresponding to pulse and front (kink or shock) solutions respectively of the original PDEs. Unlike the majority of unaccelerated convergent series, high accuracy is attained with relatively few terms. Of course, the convergence rate is not comparable to typical asymptotic series. However, asymptotic solutions for global behavior along a full homoclinic/heteroclinic orbit are currently not available.<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Mathematics<br>Sciences<br>Mathematical Science
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Lloyd, Pamela G. "Organization of carbohydrate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974656.
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Salinthone, Sonemany. "Epigenetic regulation of smooth muscle function in inflammatory responses." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3222984.
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Eliasson, Ann-Charlotte. "Smooth transitions in macroeconomic relationships." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 1999. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/516.htm.
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Davidescu, Diana Maria. "Convexifiable smooth programming and applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82216.
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This thesis is an introduction to the study of convexification problems involving smooth functions in the area of continuous mathematical programming. The results are applied to a real life problem in oil production. An improved model is formulated for the company which yields environmentally friendlier optimal solutions at the same profit level.
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Allen, Brenda. "Non-smooth differential delay equations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390472.
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Wilson, Andrew. "Smooth exceptional del Pezzo surfaces." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4735.
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For a Fano variety V with at most Kawamata log terminal (klt) singularities and a finite group G acting bi-regularly on V , we say that V is G-exceptional (resp., G-weakly-exceptional) if the log pair (V,∆) is klt (resp., log canonical) for all G-invariant effective Q-divisors ∆ numerically equivalent to the anti-canonical divisor of V. Such G-exceptional klt Fano varieties V are conjectured to lie in finitely many families by Shokurov ([Sho00, Pro01]). The only cases for which the conjecture is known to hold true are when the dimension of V is one, two, or V is isomorphic to n-dimensional projective space for some n. For the latter, it can be shown that G must be primitive—which implies, in particular, that there exist only finitely many such G (up to conjugation) by a theorem of Jordan ([Pro00]). Smooth G-weakly-exceptional Fano varieties play an important role in non-rationality problems in birational geometry. From the work of Demailly (see [CS08, Appendix A]) it follows that Tian’s αG-invariant for such varieties is no smaller than one, and by a theorem of Tian such varieties admit G-invariant Kähler-Einstein metrics. Moreover, for a smooth G-exceptional Fano variety and given any G-invariant Kähler formin the first Chern class, the Kähler-Ricci iteration converges exponentially fast to the Kähler form associated to a Kähler- Einsteinmetric in the C∞(V)-topology. The termexceptional is inherited from singularity theory, to which this study enjoys strong links. We classify two-dimensional smooth G-exceptional Fano varieties (del Pezzo surfaces) and provide a partial list of all G-exceptional and G-weakly-exceptional pairs (S,G), where S is a smooth del Pezzo surface and G is a finite group of automorphisms of S. Our classification confirms many conjectures on two-dimensional smooth exceptional Fano varieties.
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Coman, Ciprian Danut. "Non-smooth oscillators with hysteresis." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340952.
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Moore, Justin C. "Robotic navigation of smooth contours." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40449.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 10).<br>The goal of this work is to develop a method for robotic navigation of smooth contours depending on the current and desired locations and orientations. Efficient trajectory generation is an essential capability for many autonomous mobile robots, operating in a variety of situations such as military, medical, and home environments. In this thesis, we propose a method that is based on fitting a spline curve that passes from the initial position and orientation of the robot to a goal position and orientation. The spline is continually recomputed as the robot moves through space. This yields a simple and inefficient method for robot navigation. The method has been implemented and tested in simulation using Matlab and good performance has been demonstrated. Future work should perform experiments with this method on a real robot and should introduce obstacle detection and avoidance.<br>by Justin C. Moore.<br>S.B.
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Kang, Tae Hun 1967. "Tribology of atomically smooth surfaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13108.
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Jörgenfelt, Erik. "Stokes' Theorem on Smooth Manifolds." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125404.
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A proof of Stokes' theorem on smooth manifolds is given, complete with prerequisite results in tensor algebra and differential geometry. The essay assumes familiarity with multi-variable calculus and linear algebra, as well as a basic understanding of point-set topology. Stokes' theorem is then applied to the conservation of energy-momentum in general relativity under the existence of so called Killing vectors.<br>Stokes sats för släta mångfalder bevisas, komplett med nödvändiga resultat från tensoralgebran och differentialgeometrin. Uppsatsen förutsätter förtrogenhet med flervariabelanalys och linjär algebra, samt en grundläggande förståelse för allmän topologi. Stokes sats appliceras sedan till bevarande av energi-momentum i allmän relativitetsteori under existensen av so kallade Killingvektorer.
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Cantero, Guardeño Juan Carlos. "Transport equations via smooth kernels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673726.
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En aquesta tesi estudiem l’equació del transport no lineal i no local. Aquesta equació en derivades parcials descriu l’evolució d’un escalar que es transporta seguint un camp de velocitats. El camp i l’escalar estan relacionats mitjançant la convolució d’aquest últim amb un nucli escollit. La principal aportació és que, en general, permetem que aquesta elecció faci que el camp de velocitats resultant tingui divergència no nul·la (a diferència del cas de l’equació d’Euler) i fins i tot no fitada (a diferència del cas de l’equació de l’agregació).
La tesi es divideix en tres blocs.
Al primer bloc, que conté els capítols 1 i 2, veiem que el problema de Cauchy de l’equació per una dada inicial Hölder contínua i amb suport compacte està ben posat. Així, al capítol 1 considerem una família de nuclis a l’espai euclidià n-dimensional on cada component és una combinació lineal de derivades de la solució fonamental del laplacià. Al capítol 2 treballem al pla complex, la qual cosa ens permet considerar una família de nuclis encara més ampla.
El segon bloc és la part central de la tesi. Estudiem el problema del pegat de densitat, és a dir, quan l’escalar considerat és la funció característica d’un domini. Es recupera el resultat de conservació de la regularitat de la frontera d’un domini estudiat per Chemin i Constantin-Bertozzi l’any 1993 per l’equació d’Euler i també el mateix resultat de Bertozzi-Garnett-Laurent-Verdera l’any 2016 per l’equació de l’agregació. Aconseguim aquí una generalització d’aquests dos resultats per les mateixes famílies de nuclis del primer bloc: al capítol 3 ho fem a dimensió arbitrària i al capítol 4 al pla complex.
El tercer bloc és el més petit i es correspon amb l’últim capítol de la tesi. S’estudia el comportament límit (per temps infinit) d’un pegat de densitat unidimensional, en aquest cas per l’equació de l’agregació, que es transforma en una equació del transport mitjançant un canvi de variable adient.<br>En esta tesis estudiamos la ecuación del transporte no lineal y no local. Esta ecuación en derivadas parciales describe la evolución de un escalar que se transporta siguiendo un campo de velocidades. El campo y el escalar están relacionados mediante la convolución de este último con un núcleo escogido. La principal aportación es que, en general, permitimos que esta elección haga que el campo de velocidades resultante tenga divergencia no nula (a diferencia del caso de la ecuación de Euler) e incluso no acotada (a diferencia del caso de la ecuación de la agregación).
La tesis se divide en tres bloques.
En el primer bloque, que contiene los capítulos 1 y 2, vemos que el problema de Cauchy de la ecuación para un dato inicial Hölder continuo y con soporte compacto está bien puesto. De esta manera, en el capítulo 1 consideramos una familia de núcleos en el espacio euclídeo n-dimensional donde cada componente es una combinación lineal de derivadas de la solución fundamental del laplaciano. En el capítulo 2 trabajamos en el plano complejo, lo cual nos permite considerar una familia de núcleos aún más general.
El segundo bloque es la parte central de la tesis. Estudiamos el problema del pegado de densidad, es decir, cuando el escalar considerado es la función característica de un dominio. Se recupera el resultado de conservación de la regularidad de la frontera de un dominio estudiado por Chemin y Constantin-Bertozzi en el año 1993 para la ecuación de Euler y también el mismo resultado de Bertozzi-Garnett-Laurent-Verdera del año 2016 para la ecuación de la agregación. Conseguimos aquí una generalización de estos dos resultados para las mismas familias de núcleos del primer bloque: en el capítulo 3 lo hacemos en dimensión arbitraria y en el capítulo 4 en el plano complejo.
El tercer bloque es el más breve y se corresponde con el último capítulo de la tesis. Se estudia el comportamiento límite (para tiempo infinito) de un pegado de densidad unidimensional, en este caso para la ecuación de la agregación, que se transforma en una ecuación del transporte mediando un cambio de variables adecuado.<br>In this thesis we study the non-linear non-local transport equation. This partial differential equation describes the evolution of a scalar which is transported by a velocity field. The field and the scalar are related through the convolution of the latter with a chosen kernel. The main contribution is that, in general, we allow this choice to yield a velocity field having non-zero divergence (unlike the case of the Euler equation) and even non-bounded divergence (unlike the case of the aggregation equation).
The thesis is divided into three blocks.
In the first block, which contains chapters 1 and 2, we study the well-posedness of the equation for a Hölder continuous and compactly supporter initial data. Thus, in chapter 1 we consider a family of kernels in the n-dimensional Euclidean space where each component is a linear combination of derivatives of the fundamental solution of the laplacian. In chapter 2 we work in the complex plane, which allows us to consider an even more general family of kernels.
The second block is the central part of the thesis. We study the problem of density patches, i.e. when the scalar under consideration is the characteristic function of a domain. We recover the result of conservation of the regularity of the boundary of a domain studied by Chemin and Constantin-Bertozzi in 1993 for the Euler equation and also the same result of Bertozzi-Garnett-Laurent-Verdera in 2016 for the aggregation equation. We achieve here a generalisation of these two results for the same families of kernels of the first block: in chapter 3 we do it in arbitrary dimension and in chapter 4 in the complex plane.
The third block is the shortest and corresponds to the last chapter of the thesis. We study the limit behaviour (for infinite time) of a one-dimensional density patch, in this case for the aggregation equation, which is transformed into a transport equation by means of an appropriate change of variables.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Matemàtiques
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Migid-Hamzza, Jeffery A. "Fat Metabolism in Smooth Dogfish." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1132414091.
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Malick, Seemab. "Denitration in Colonic Smooth Muscle." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1948.
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Tyrosine nitration results in altered function of smooth muscle voltage-gated L-type calcium channel. We explored the possibility that smooth muscle contains denitrase activity to allow functional recovery of the calcium channel without requiring synthesis of new channel proteins. Following peroxynitrite treatment of mouse colonic smooth muscle strips, CaCl2 (1 mM)-induced smooth muscle contraction was significantly reduced by 67% (P ≤ 0.05), which reversed by approximately 86% upon periodic washing within 2 hr period (P ≤ 0.001). The effect of the c-Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, on muscle contraction was also restored after 2 hr post-peroxynitrite treatment consistent with the thesis that recovery from tyrosine nitration allows for tyrosine phosphorylation of the calcium channel. In addition, sodium orthovanadate prevented nitration-induced inhibition of muscle contraction by approximately 90%. Moreover, denitration of nitrated proteins was observed by western blots in smooth muscle cells over 2 hr. Since nitrotyrosine formation interferes with tyrosine kinase pathways involved in cell signaling, the presence of denitrase activity in smooth muscle cells may have profound and important effects in restoring the function of nitrated proteins involved in cell signaling processes.
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Allen, Tara J. "Characterization of vascular smooth muscle oxidative metabolism using ¹³C-isotopomer analysis of glutamate." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988641.
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Maluquish, Hoyos María Ely, Fuentes Sayda Yvette Gasco, Cuneo Karina Gisella Ugarte, and Luque Luis Tapia. "Green Smoothie." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624819.
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La presente investigación sustenta la viabilidad del Proyecto Empresarial Green Smoothie que ha identificado un atractivo modelo de negocio basado en la elaboración y comercialización de jugos batidos denominados Smoothies, los cuáles constan de frutas, verduras, hielo y sus complementos, tales como: yogurt griego, leche de almendras, entre otros. Las combinaciones fueron elaboradas de acuerdo a las preferencias del consumidor peruano y validadas por un nutricionista especializado.
De acuerdo a la tendencia actual, en Green Smoothie nos preocupamos por el bienestar, la comida sana, la valorización de las propiedades del consumo de frutas y vegetales; pensando además en nuestro mercado operativo, el distrito de San Isidro en donde podemos ubicar a ejecutivos, empleados y vecinos del distrito quienes muestran interés en nuestro producto por lo recabado en los estudios previos realizados.
Nuestra propuesta es innovadora y por las propiedades nutritivas que presenta es capaz de reemplazar un almuerzo de comida rápida quienes se veían obligados a consumir nuestro público objetivo por la falta de opciones como la nuestra, hoy en día Green Smoothie ofrece bienestar.
Se tiene previsto que el consumo promedio por persona será de 1.5 batidos semanales, lo que representa al mes 7100 Smoothies promedio al mes durante el primer año con una participación inicial del 6% y un incremento en ventas en el orden del 10% anual.
Finalmente podemos decir que nuestro proyecto es viable en términos financieros obteniendo una VAN de 232,122 y un TIR de 118%.<br>The present research supports the viability of the Green Smoothie Business Project that has identified an attractive business model based on the preparation and commercialization of smoothies called Smoothies, which consist of fruits, vegetables, ice and its complements, such as: Greek yogurt, almond milk, among others. The combinations were elaborated according to the preferences of the Peruvian consumer and validated by a specialized nutritionist.
According to the current trend, in Green Smoothie we care about the well-being, the healthy food, the valorization of the properties of the consumption of fruits and vegetables; also thinking in our operating market, the district of San Isidro where we can locate executives, employees and residents of the district who show interest in our product for what was collected in previous studies.
Our proposal is innovative and because of the nutritional properties it presents, it is capable of replacing a fasto food lunch, which was forced to consume our target audience due to the lack of options like ours, nowadays Green Smoothie offers well-being.
It is expected that the average consumption per person will be 1.5 shakes per week, which represents the month 7100 Smoothies average per month during the first year with an initial share of 6% and an increase in sales in the order of 10% per year.
Finally, we can say that our project is viable in financial terms obtaining a NPV of 232,122 and a TIR of the 118%<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Thatcher, Sean Eric. "MLCK/actin interaction in the contracting A7r5 cell and vascular smooth muscle." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=736.
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Theses (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains x, 102 pages including illustrations. Bibliographical references at the end of each chapter.
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Black, Jason Edward. "Association of smooth muscle myosin and its carboxyl isoforms with actin isoforms in aorta smooth muscle." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=803.
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Theses (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains xiii, 124 pages including illustrations. Includes vitae. Bibliographical references at the end of Chapters 1-3.
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Yeung, Deryck. "Maximally smooth transition: the Gluskabi raccordation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42756.
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The objective of this dissertation is to provide a framework for constructing a transitional behavior, connecting any two trajectories from a set with a particular characteristic, in such a way that the transition is as inconspicuous as possible. By this we mean that the connection is such that the characteristic behavior persists during the transition. These special classes include stationary solutions, limit cycles etc. We call this framework the Gluskabi raccordation. This problem is motivated from physical applications where it is often desired to steer a system from one stationary solution or periodic orbit to another in a ̒smooth̕ way. Examples include motion control in robotics, chemical process control and quasi-stationary processes in thermodynamics, etc. Before discussing the Gluskabi raccordations of periodic behaviors, we first study several periodic phenomena. Specifically, we study the self- propulsion of a number of legless, toy creatures based on differential friction under periodic excitations. This friction model is based on viscous friction which is predominant in a wet environment. We investigate the effects of periodic and optimal periodic control on locomotion. Subsequently, we consider a control problem of a stochastic system, under the basic constraint that the feedback control signal and the observations from the system cannot use the communication channel simultaneously. Hence, two modes of operation result: an observation mode and a control mode. We seek an optimal periodic regime in a statistical steady state by switching between the observation and the control mode. For this, the duty cycle and the optimal gains for the controller and observer in either mode are determined.
We then investigate the simplest special case of the Gluskabi raccordation, namely the quasi-stationary optimal control problem. This forces us to revisit the classical terminal controller. We analyze the performance index as the control horizon increases to infinity. This problem gives a good example where the limiting operation and integration do not commute. Such a misinterpretation can lead to an apparent paradox. We use symmetrical components (the parity operator) to shed light on the correct solution.
The main part of thesis is the Gluskabi raccordation problem. We first use several simple examples to introduce the general framework. We then consider the signal Gluskabi raccordation or the Gluskabi raccordation without a dynamical system. Specifically, we present the quasi-periodic raccordation where we seek the maximally ̒smooth̕ transitions between two periodic signals. We provide two methods, the direct and indirect method, to construct these transitions. Detailed algorithms for generating the raccordations based on the direct method are also provided. Next, we extend the signal Gluskabi raccordation to the dynamic case by considering the dynamical system as a hard constraint. The behavioral modeling of dynamical system pioneered by Willems provides the right language for this generalization. All algorithms of the signal Gluskabi raccordation are extended accordingly to produce these ̒smooth̕ transition behaviors.
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González, Gómez Andrés. "Nonlinear dynamics and smooth transition models." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Ekonomisk Statistik (ES), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-541.
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During the last few years nonlinear models have been a very active area of econometric research: new models have been introduced and existing ones generalized. To a large extent, these developments have concerned models in which the conditional moments are regime-dependent. In such models, the different regimes are usually linear and the change between them is governed by an observable or unobservable variable. These specifications can be useful in situations in which it is suspected that the behaviour of the dependent variable may vary between regimes. A classical example can be found the business cycle literature where it is argued that contractions in the economy are not only more violent but also short-lived than expansions. Unemployment, which tends to rise faster during recessions than decline during booms, constitutes another example. Two of the most popular regime-dependent models are the smooth transition and the threshold model. In both models cases the transition variable is observable but the specification of the way in which the model changes from one regime to the other is different. Particularly, in the smooth transition model the change is a continuous whereas in the threshold model it is abrupt. One of the factors that has influenced the development of nonlinear models are improvements in computer technology. They have not only permitted an introduction of more complex models but have also allowed the use of computer-intensive methods in hypothesis testing. This is particularly important in nonlinear models because there these methods have proved to be practical in testing statistical hypothesis such as linearity and parameter constancy. In general, these testing situation are not trivial and their solution often requires computer-intensive methods. In particular, bootstrapping and Monte Carlo testing are now commonly used. In this thesis the smooth transition model is used in different ways. In the first chapter, a vector smooth transition model is used as a device for deriving a test for parameter constancy in stationary vector autoregressive models. In the second chapter we introduce a panel model whose parameters can change in a smooth fashion between regimes as a function of an exogenous variable. The method is used to investigate whether financial constraints affect firms' \ investment decisions. The third chapter is concern with linearity testing in smooth transition models. New tests are introduced and Monte Carlo testing techniques are shown to be useful in achieving control over the size of the test. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to the Smooth Permanent Surge model. This is a nonlinear moving average model in which a shock can have transitory or permanent effects depending on its sign and magnitude. Test for linearity and random walk hypothesis are introduced.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004
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Peden, Ryan Stephen Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medical Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24925.
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Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the healthy adult arterial wall are a highlydifferentiated cell type with low levels of proliferation. However, when activated these cells can undergo a phenotypic change to become proliferative, migratory and excrete higher levels of extra-cellular matrix. While this cellular change is an essential element of the adaptable vasculature, excessive proliferation of VSMC underpins the development of a number of disease states, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The activation of VSMC is dependent on intracellular signalling pathways broadly altering gene expression. A key feature of this process is the initial potent regulation of transcription factors such as Egr-1, c-Jun and Ets-1, which then drive further transcriptional changes resulting in phenotypic change. The aim of this thesis was to discover novel genes, particularly transcription factors, regulated early upon stimulation and to characterise their contribution to the activation of VSMC. A key stimulus for activation of VSMC is the release of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). A microarray used to explore the effects of FGF-2 exposure demonstrated the extensive nature of transcriptional modulation. In addition, it highlighted a number of transcription factors that were not previously described in VSMC: p8, ATF-4 and SHARP-2. In particular, SHARP-2 was potently upregulated and was reconfirmed in animal models of vascular injury. The subsequent contribution these factors make to VSMC activation was also demonstrated. p8 strongly induced VSMC proliferation, while ATF-4 contributed to cytokine production and SHARP-2 potently downregulated VSMC differentiation markers. A second area that was explored related to a gene known as YRDC, which was found to be upregulated upon stimulation of VSMC. YRDC is highly conserved across almost all cellular life, however its function remains unknown. A number of novel splice variants of YRDC were discovered and demonstrated to be differentially regulated in VSMC upon stimulation. Further work to commence characterising its function showed that it interacts with key ribosomal proteins and most likely plays a role in regulating translation. The discovery of the relevance of these genes to vascular biology in addition to their transcriptional regulation makes an important contribution to increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind vascular remodelling.
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Du, Youhua. "Airway smooth muscle response to vibrations." AUT University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/974.
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The main goal of this research was the in vitro investigation of the stiffness response of contracted airway smooth muscles under different external oscillations. Living animal airway smooth muscle tissues were dissected from pig tracheas and stimulated by a chemical stimulus (acetylcholine). These tissues were then systematically excited with different external vibrations. The force change was recorded to reflect the muscle stiffness change under vibration. The static and dynamic stiffness of contracted airway smooth muscles in isometric contraction were determined before, during and after vibrations. A continuum cross-bridge dynamic model (the fading memory model) was modified to accommodate smooth muscle behaviour and dynamically describes the cross-bridge kinetics. A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) was developed to simulate longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the tissue. An empirical equation, derived from the experiments, is incorporated into the FEM. The results indicate that the stiffness of active smooth muscles can be physically reduced using external vibrations. This reduction is caused by a certain physical position change between actin and myosin. The dynamic stiffness has the tendency of decreasing as the frequency and/or amplitude of external vibration increases. However, the static stiffness decreases with an increase in the frequency and amplitude of excitation until it reaches a critical value of frequency where no variation in stiffness is observed. It is postulated that the tissue elasticity and mass inertia are the main contributors to the dynamic stiffness while the actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling is the main contributor to the static stiffness.
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Simpson, Alec William Michael. "Stimulus-response coupling in smooth muscle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253500.
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Howard-Jones, D. P. "Smooth functions in O-minimal theories." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301455.
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Nakayama, Shinsuke. "Calcium channels in detrusor smooth muscle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334328.
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Boehm, Ernest Andrew. "Vascular smooth muscle energetics and pathology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308677.
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Fertig, Tudor Emanuel. "Structural studies of smooth muscle caldesmon." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595650.
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Caldesmons are a family of proteins that bind actin with high affinity as well as myosin, tropomyosin and ca1modulin. Although the two described isoform subfamilies (smooth muscle and non-muscle caldesmons) have highly conserved functional domains, the smooth muscle isoforms contain an additional central region, which encloses a 168 residue single alpha helix domain (SAH). Smooth muscle caldesmons (hCaD) are found exclusively in smooth muscle cells, and are speculated to have a direct role in the regulation of muscle contraction, although the exact details of the molecular interactions are unclear. By contrast, non-muscle isoforms (lCaD) are found in almost all cell types and are involved in cytoskeletal formation and cell trafficking. The aim of this research was to investigate the structure of hCaD, to help understand how it may influence actomyosin function. This was done using a multiplicity of methods, some of which were not previously used for caldesmon studies. Firstly, metal shadowing electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to determine the shape and flexibility of tissue purified turkey gizzard hCaD. The data revealed variations in shape and discrepancies in length between molecules prepared under regular conditions and the ones prepared under the stress of surface tension forces. Secondly, sequence analysis and circular dichroism were employed to study heaD secondary structure. The data indicated a new model for the organization of the heaD molecule, based on the presence of numerous SAH motifs, in all domains. Finally, caldesmon mutants with missing or extended central SAH motifs were constructed, in order to study the involvement of the SAH domain in smooth muscle contraction. Here, the expression and purification of these constructs in the baculovirus system was characterized.