Journal articles: 'By smooths'

1

Maize, KennedyP. "Foley smooths path." Electricity Journal 3, no. 6 (1990): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(90)90071-g.

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Li, Yunlong, Gang Li, and Xizheng Wang. "Research on Trajectory Planning of Autonomous Vehicles in Constrained Spaces." Sensors 24, no. 17 (2024): 5746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175746.

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This paper addresses the challenge of trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles operating in complex, constrained environments. The proposed method enhances the hybrid A-star algorithm through back-end optimization. An adaptive node expansion strategy is introduced to handle varying environmental complexities. By integrating Dijkstra’s shortest path search, the method improves direction selection and refines the estimated cost function. Utilizing the characteristics of hybrid A-star path planning, a quadratic programming approach with designed constraints smooths discrete path points. This results in a smoothed trajectory that supports speed planning using S-curve profiles. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the improved hybrid A-star search significantly boosts efficiency. The trajectory shows continuous and smooth transitions in heading angle and speed, leading to notable improvements in trajectory planning efficiency and overall comfort for autonomous vehicles in challenging environments.

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Sun, Marjorie. "USDA Smooths Way for Biotech Imports." Science 229, no. 4711 (1985): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4711.369.b.

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Butler, Declan. "France smooths the way for foreigners." Nature 393, no. 6685 (1998): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/31069.

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Belluscio, Ana. "Argentina smooths the path for returnees." Nature 466, no. 7305 (2010): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7305-519a.

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Kosowatz, John. "Energy Storage Smooths the Duck Curve." Mechanical Engineering 140, no. 06 (2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-jun-1.

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Maintaining grid stability is a challenge as utilities rush to add renewable power to their generating portfolio. The business case for renewables is undeniable: as prices for wind turbines and solar panels keep dropping and the costs of installation go down, renewable electricity becomes some of the cheapest power available. But the inherently inconsistent nature of solar and wind energy has grid operators looking for new ways to seamlessly integrate their output into the system. This challenge is being faced around the world, and in the U.S. it is playing out initially in California.This article takes a closer look at the steps California is taking to smooth out the duck curve, a graph of power production over the course of a day that shows the timing imbalance between peak demand and renewable energy production.

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SUN, M. "USDA Smooths Way for Biotech Imports." Science 229, no. 4711 (1985): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4711.369-a.

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&NA;. "Cabergoline smooths motor fluctuations in Parkinson??s." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 944 (1994): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409440-00041.

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Cowen, R. "Galaxy Map Smooths out the Vast Cosmos." Science News 137, no. 17 (1990): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3974661.

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Yeston, Jake. "Silicon smooths the way to vinyl cations." Science 361, no. 6400 (2018): 375.13–377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.361.6400.375-m.

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Yeston, Jake. "Iodine smooths the way to ketyl radicals." Science 362, no. 6411 (2018): 194.15–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.362.6411.194-o.

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OTTO, M. ALEXANDER. "Staff Buy-In Smooths Medical Home Transition." Family Practice News 41, no. 13 (2011): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(11)70725-3.

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Yang, Bohan, Hao Ren, Tongxing Zuo, and Zhenyu Liu. "A Stream Function Smoothing Method for the Design of MRI Gradient Coils on Non-Developable Surfaces." Sensors 23, no. 18 (2023): 7912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187912.

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Insert gradient coils with similar imaging body shapes typically have smaller dimensions and higher spatial efficiency. This often allows the gradient coils the achievement of stronger and faster gradient fields. Thus, improving existing methods to make them applicable to the design of MRI gradient coils on complex surfaces has also become a challenge. This article proposes an algorithm that smooths the implicitly expressed stream function based on the intrinsic surface Laplace–Beltrami operator. This algorithm can be used to simplify the design procedure of MRI gradient coils on non-developable surfaces. The following steps are performed by the proposed algorithm: an initial design of the stream function configuration, extraction of the surface mesh, discretization of the surface smoothing operator, and a smoothing of the contour lines. To evaluate the quality of the smoothed streamline configuration, several technical parameter metrics—including magnetic field accuracy, coil power consumption, theoretical minimum wire spacing, and the maximum curvature of the contour lines—were evaluated. The proposed method was successfully validated in a design gradient coil on both developable and non-developable surfaces. All examples evolved from an initial value with a locally non-smooth and complex topological configuration to a smooth result while maintaining high magnetic field accuracy.

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Weeks, Susan S., Fred L. Hainley, and Beth Gill MacDonald. "Staff Development Partnership Smooths Transition to Middle School." Middle School Journal 26, no. 5 (1995): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940771.1995.11495308.

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Kreplak, Laurent, and Andrew D. Rutenberg. "Lateral Exchange Smooths the Way for Vimentin Filaments." Biophysical Journal 107, no. 12 (2014): 2747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.10.050.

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Krutova, Maria, Alexander Kies, Bruno U. Schyska, and Lueder von Bremen. "The smoothing effect for renewable resources in an Afro-Eurasian power grid." Advances in Science and Research 14 (July 27, 2017): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-253-2017.

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Abstract. Renewable power systems have to cope with highly variable generation. Increasing the spatial extent of an interconnected power transmission grid smooths the feed-in by exchange of excess energy over long distances and therefore supports renewable power integration. In this work, we investigate and quantify the balancing potential of a supergrid covering Europe, Africa and Asia. We use ten years of historical weather data to model the interplay of renewable generation and consumption and show that a pan-continental Afro-Eurasian supergrid can smooth renewable generation to a large extent and reduce the need for backup energy by around 50 %. In addition, we show that results for different weather years vary by up to approximately 50 %.

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Helwig, Nathaniel E. "Precise Tensor Product Smoothing via Spectral Splines." Stats 7, no. 1 (2024): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats7010003.

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Tensor product smoothers are frequently used to include interaction effects in multiple nonparametric regression models. Current implementations of tensor product smoothers either require using approximate penalties, such as those typically used in generalized additive models, or costly parameterizations, such as those used in smoothing spline analysis of variance models. In this paper, I propose a computationally efficient and theoretically precise approach for tensor product smoothing. Specifically, I propose a spectral representation of a univariate smoothing spline basis, and I develop an efficient approach for building tensor product smooths from marginal spectral spline representations. The developed theory suggests that current tensor product smoothing methods could be improved by incorporating the proposed tensor product spectral smoothers. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can outperform popular tensor product smoothing implementations, which supports the theoretical results developed in the paper.

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An, Dongsheng, Na Lei, Xiaoyin Xu, and Xianfeng Gu. "Efficient Optimal Transport Algorithm by Accelerated Gradient Descent." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 9 (2022): 10119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i9.21251.

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Optimal transport (OT) plays an essential role in various areas like machine learning and deep learning. However, computing discrete optimal transport plan for large scale problems with adequate accuracy and efficiency is still highly challenging. Recently, methods based on the Sinkhorn algorithm add an entropy regularizer to the prime problem and get a trade off between efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to further improve the efficiency and accuracy based on Nesterov's smoothing technique. Basically, the non-smooth c-transform of the Kantorovich potential is approximated by the smooth Log-Sum-Exp function, which finally smooths the original non-smooth Kantorovich dual functional. The smooth Kantorovich functional can be optimized by the fast proximal gradient algorithm (FISTA) efficiently. Theoretically, the computational complexity of the proposed method is lower than current estimation of the Sinkhorn algorithm in terms of the precision. Empirically, compared with the Sinkhorn algorithm, our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves faster convergence and better accuracy with the same parameter.

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Hodson, Hal. "Silk smooths path to gadgets that dissolve after use." New Scientist 216, no. 2885 (2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)62557-3.

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BREWER, GIVEN A. "Vibration Absorber System Smooths Operation of Induced-draft Fans." Experimental Techniques 5, no. 1 (2008): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1981.tb01594.x.

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Zalewski, J. "The Role of Convection in Reducing Nonadiabaticity and Mode Coupling in Cepheids." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 134 (1993): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100014445.

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AbstractThe effect of convection on the strength of coupling is examined. It is found that in Cepheid models the inclusion of convection smooths the sharp peak of entropy perturbation in the ionization region and reduces significantly the coupling.

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Zhu, Yalin, Xuefeng Peng, Kun Tan, Ming Shi, Yin Hong, and Yixian Wang. "Searching for Slip Surface of Disturbed Slope Based on Logistic Function." Shock and Vibration 2020 (March 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2543029.

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In the slope stability analysis, how to make the slip surface of the structure more precise and smoother has been the focus of research when fitting the slip surface with known numerical points. The study found that the logistic function has both advantages in fitting the slip surface. The related parameters (M, A, and K) are derived by the threshold, symmetry, and precision control of its function. Logistic function constructs the slip surface and compares it with the broken-line slip surface; the numerical results show that the slip points on the two slip surfaces are consistent, indicating that the logistic function fits the curve correctly; the logistic function smooths the original polyline curve, which facilitates solving the direction vector of the curve.

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Ravankar, Abhijeet, Ankit Ravankar, Arpit Rawankar, Yohei Hoshino, and Yukinori Kobayashi. "ITC: Infused Tangential Curves for Smooth 2D and 3D Navigation of Mobile Robots." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204384.

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Navigation is an indispensable component of ground and aerial mobile robots. Although there is a plethora of path planning algorithms, most of them generate paths that are not smooth and have angular turns. In many cases, it is not feasible for the robots to execute these sharp turns, and a smooth trajectory is desired. We present `ITC: Infused Tangential Curves’ which can generate smooth trajectories for mobile robots. The main characteristics of the proposed ITC algorithm are: (1) The curves are tangential to the path, thus maintaining G 1 continuity, (2) The curves are infused in the original global path to smooth out the turns, (3) The straight segments of the global path are kept straight and only the sharp turns are smoothed, (4) Safety is embedded in the ITC trajectories and robots are guaranteed to maintain a safe distance from the obstacles, (5) The curvature of ITC curves can easily be controlled and smooth trajectories can be generated in real-time, (6) The ITC algorithm smooths the global path on a part-by-part basis thus local smoothing at one point does not affect the global path. We compare the proposed ITC algorithm with traditional interpolation based trajectory smoothing algorithms. Results show that, in case of mobile navigation in narrow corridors, ITC paths maintain a safe distance from both walls, and are easy to generate in real-time. We test the algorithm in complex scenarios to generate curves of different curvatures, while maintaining different safety thresholds from obstacles in vicinity. We mathematically discuss smooth trajectory generation for both 2D navigation of ground robots, and 3D navigation of aerial robots. We also test the algorithm in real environments with actual robots in a complex scenario of multi-robot collision avoidance. Results show that the ITC algorithm can be generated quickly and is suitable for real-world scenarios of collision avoidance in narrow corridors.

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McNamara, Marilyn C., Ryan J. Pretzer, Reza Montazami, and Nicole N. Hashemi. "Shear at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces Affects the Surface Topologies of Alginate Microfibers." Clean Technologies 1, no. 1 (2019): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol1010018.

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Hydrogel microfibers have great potential for applications such as tissue engineering or three-dimensional cell culturing. Their favorable attributes can lead to tissue models that can help to reduce or eliminate animal testing, thereby providing an eco-friendly alternative to this unsustainable process. In addition to their highly tunable mechanical properties, this study shows that varying the viscosity and flow rates of the prepolymer core solution and gellator sheath solution within a microfluidic device can affect the surface topology of the resulting microfibers. Higher viscosity core solutions are more resistant to deformation from shear force within the microfluidic device, thereby yielding smoother fibers. Similarly, maintaining a smaller velocity gradient between the fluids within the microfluidic device minimizes shear force and smooths fiber surfaces. This simple modification provides insight into manufacturing microfibers with highly tunable properties.

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Zhang, Jialiang, Chuheng Chen, Kai Chen, Mingye Ju, and Dengyin Zhang. "Local Adaptive Image Filtering Based on Recursive Dilation Segmentation." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135776.

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This paper introduces a simple but effective image filtering method, namely, local adaptive image filtering (LAIF), based on an image segmentation method, i.e., recursive dilation segmentation (RDS). The algorithm is motivated by the observation that for the pixel to be smoothed, only the similar pixels nearby are utilized to obtain the filtering result. Relying on this observation, similar pixels are partitioned by RDS before applying a locally adaptive filter to smooth the image. More specifically, by directly taking the spatial information between adjacent pixels into consideration in a recursive dilation way, RDS is firstly proposed to partition the guided image into several regions, so that the pixels belonging to the same segmentation region share a similar property. Then, guided by the iterative segmented results, the input image can be easily filtered via a local adaptive filtering technique, which smooths each pixel by selectively averaging its local similar pixels. It is worth mentioning that RDS makes full use of multiple integrated information including pixel intensity, hue information, and especially spatial adjacent information, leading to more robust filtering results. In addition, the application of LAIF in the remote sensing field has achieved outstanding results, specifically in areas such as image dehazing, denoising, enhancement, and edge preservation, among others. Experimental results show that the proposed LAIF can be successfully applied to various filtering-based tasks with favorable performance against state-of-the-art methods.

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SCHOEN, CHAD. "A FAMILY OF SURFACES CONSTRUCTED FROM GENUS 2 CURVES." International Journal of Mathematics 18, no. 05 (2007): 585–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x07004175.

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We consider the deformations of the two-dimensional complex analytic variety constructed from a genus 2 Riemann surface by attaching its self-product to its Jacobian in an elementary way. The deformations are shown to be unobstructed, the variety smooths to give complex projective manifolds whose invariants are computed and whose images under Albanese maps (re)verify an instance of the Hodge conjecture for certain abelian fourfolds.

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Wood, Simon N. "Low-Rank Scale-Invariant Tensor Product Smooths for Generalized Additive Mixed Models." Biometrics 62, no. 4 (2006): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00574.x.

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Kimura, Masanari, та Hideitsu Hino. "α-Geodesical Skew Divergence". Entropy 23, № 5 (2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050528.

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The asymmetric skew divergence smooths one of the distributions by mixing it, to a degree determined by the parameter λ, with the other distribution. Such divergence is an approximation of the KL divergence that does not require the target distribution to be absolutely continuous with respect to the source distribution. In this paper, an information geometric generalization of the skew divergence called the α-geodesical skew divergence is proposed, and its properties are studied.

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Topwe Milongwe, Mwene-Mbeja. "Conceptual Study of Enzymatic Organic Reactions in the Bacteriophage Therapy." Open Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2024): 073–79. https://doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000042.

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In order to neutralize bacteria, bacteriophages hydrolyze chemical constituents of the bacterial cellular membrane, such as phospholipids, glycolipids as well as glycoproteins before reaching the bacterial cytoplasm, an intracellular environment containing water, salts, and a diversity of organic compounds notably ribonucleic acid (RNA) along with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In this perspective, when bacteriophages access the bacterial cytoplasm, they develop and consequently the excessive accumulation of bacteriophages facilitates or smooths the way for bacterial degradation.

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Robinson, Gregor, Ian Grooms, and William Kleiber. "Improving Particle Filter Performance by Smoothing Observations." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 8 (2018): 2433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0349.1.

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AbstractThis article shows that increasing the observation variance at small scales can reduce the ensemble size required to avoid collapse in particle filtering of spatially extended dynamics and improve the resulting uncertainty quantification at large scales. Particle filter weights depend on how well ensemble members agree with observations, and collapse occurs when a few ensemble members receive most of the weight. Collapse causes catastrophic variance underestimation. Increasing small-scale variance in the observation error model reduces the incidence of collapse by de-emphasizing small-scale differences between the ensemble members and the observations. Doing so smooths the posterior mean, though it does not smooth the individual ensemble members. Two options for implementing the proposed observation error model are described. Taking a discretized elliptic differential operator as an observation error covariance matrix provides the desired property of a spectrum that grows in the approach to small scales. This choice also introduces structure exploitable by scalable computation techniques, including multigrid solvers and multiresolution approximations to the corresponding integral operator. Alternatively the observations can be smoothed and then assimilated under the assumption of independent errors, which is equivalent to assuming large errors at small scales. The method is demonstrated on a linear stochastic partial differential equation, where it significantly reduces the occurrence of particle filter collapse while maintaining accuracy. It also improves continuous ranked probability scores by as much as 25%, indicating that the weighted ensemble more accurately represents the true distribution. The method is compatible with other techniques for improving the performance of particle filters.

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Chen, Yihang, Chengao Yang, Tianfang Wang, et al. "High-Power, High-Efficiency GaSb-Based Laser with Compositionally Linearly Graded AlGaAsSb Layer." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095506.

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We propose a novel graded AlGaAsSb layer growth method to achieve a super-linear interface by precisely controlling the cell temperature and valve position. Atomically smooth surface and lattice-matched epitaxy was confirmed by AFM and the HRXRD characterization of the graded AlGaAsSb layer sample. With the inserted graded layer between the cladding and waveguide layers, high-power, high-efficiency GaSb-based laser emitters and laser bars were confirmed. The linearly graded interface layer smooths the potential barrier peak between the cladding and waveguide layers, which resulted in a low turn-on voltage of 0.65 V and an ultra-low series resistance of 0.144 Ω. A maximum continuous-wave output power of 1.8 W was obtained with a high power conversion efficiency of 28% at 1.1 A and 12% at 8 A. A facet-coated laser bar was also fabricated with a record-high CW output power of 18 W. A high internal quantum efficiency of 83 was maintained at 40 °C, implying improved carrier injection efficiency, which benefits from the built-in electric field of the composition-graded AlGaAsSb layer.

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Schultz, David M. "Comments on “A CloudSat–CALIPSO View of Cloud and Precipitation Properties across Cold Fronts over the Global Oceans”." Journal of Climate 31, no. 7 (2018): 2965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0619.1.

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Naud et al. constructed satellite-based composite analyses of clouds and precipitation across cold fronts. However, their approach does not exclude occluded fronts, does not separate anafronts from katafronts, does not separate frontlike phenomena primarily identified by thermal gradients from those primarily identified by wind changes, and smooths over alongfront variability. By lumping these disparate frontal structures together, the front-centered composite cross sections reveal forward-sloping structures and weak gradients across them, raising questions about how to interpret their composite cross sections.

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Liebendorfer, Adam. "Approach for flattening metal oxides in ultra-high vacuum preparation smooths rough surfaces." Scilight 2022, no. 8 (2022): 081102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0009649.

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Ping Deng, Ying, Kunimichi Takada, and Tsukasa Michiyoshi. "A Cooperative Delivery Depot that Reduces and Smooths Goods Distribution in Urban Areas." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 29 (October 25, 1994): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.29.73.

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Foxman, B., L. H. Moulton, R. A. Wolfe, K. E. Guire, F. K. Port, and V. M. Hawthorne. "Geographic variation in the incidence of treated end-stage renal disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 6 (1991): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v261144.

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To facilitate identification of geographic clusters of areas with high or low incidence of treated end-stage renal disease, the 1983 to 1988 incidence by county was studied among whites and nonwhites less than 60 yr of age in the United States. End-stage renal disease incidence counts for 1983 to 1988 were obtained from the United States Renal Data System data base and linked to the 1985 county population obtained from U.S. Census data. Maps were smoothed by the method adopted by the National Cancer Institute that smooths only according to variability of the local rates, ignoring geographic information on clustering of events. In addition to identifying specific counties with exceptionally high or low incidence, geographic patterns were observed with many similarities across whites and nonwhites: notably high rates of disease in areas of the Southwest, the Southeast and in counties with Native American reservations and low rates in the West and Northwest. On the basis of these findings, several hypotheses are presented to explain the observed variation in treated end-stage renal disease incidence rates.

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Sadala Valente, Leandro da S., Henrique B. Santos, Jessé C. Costa, and Jörg Schleicher. "Time-to-depth conversion and velocity estimation by image-wavefront propagation." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 6 (2017): U75—U85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0570.1.

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A new strategy for time-to-depth conversion and interval-velocity estimation is based entirely on image-wavefront propagation without the need to follow individual image rays. The procedure has three main features: (1) It computes the velocity field and the traveltime directly, allowing us to dispense with dynamic ray tracing; (2) it requires only the knowledge of the image wavefront at the previous time step; and (3) it inherently smooths the image wavefront, inhibiting the formation of caustics. As a consequence, the method tends to be faster than the usual techniques and does not carry the constraints and limitations inherent to common ray-tracing strategies. Synthetic tests using a Gaussian velocity anomaly as well as the Marmousi velocity model, and two smoothed versions of it show the feasibility of the method. A field-data example demonstrates the use of different numerical procedures. Our results indicate that the present strategy can be used to construct reasonable depth-velocity models that can be used as reliable starting models for velocity-model building in depth migration or for tomographic methods.

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Comber, Alexis, Paul Harris, Daisuke Murakami, et al. "Encapsulating Spatially Varying Relationships with a Generalized Additive Model." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 12 (2024): 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13120459.

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This paper describes the use of Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to create regression models whose coefficient estimates vary with geographic location—spatially varying coefficient (SVC) models. The approach uses Gaussian Process (GP) splines (smooths) for each predictor variable, which are parameterised with observation location in order to generate SVC estimates. These describe the spatially varying relationships between predictor and response variables. The proposed GAM approach was compared with Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) using simulated data with complex spatial heterogeneities. The geographical GP GAM (GGP-GAM) was found to out-perform MGWR across a range of fit metrics and resulted in more accurate coefficient estimates and lower residual errors. One of the GGP-GAM models was investigated in detail to illustrate model diagnostics, checks of spline/smooth convergence and basis evaluations. A larger simulated case study was investigated to explore the trade-offs between GGP-GAM complexity (via the number of knots), performance and computational efficiency. Finally, the GGP-GAM and MGWR approaches were applied to an empirical case study. The resulting models had very similar accuracies and fits and generated subtly different spatially varying coefficient estimates. A number of areas of further work are identified.

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Peterson, T. Y., and K. A. Stelson. "The Area-Coarea Method for the Estimation of Power-Law Constitutive Parameters." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 3 (1989): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188763.

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A new method for estimating the power-law constitutive parameters from experimental data is presented. The algorithm is well suited to real time computation because the integrals employed can be continuously updated with new data. The method requires less computation than least squares fitting and avoids the problem of excessive weight being put on low amplitude data that is present in logarithmic least squares fitting. Because the method employs integrals, it smooths noise in the data. The method can also be extended to linear plus power-law fitting.

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Pásztor, Judit, and Ferenc Tolvaly-Roșca. "Computer Simulation to Visualize the Results of Soil Tillage With Disc Harrow." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények, no. 22 (2025): 98–101. https://doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2025.22.16.

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The disc harrow is the basic machine for shredding soil. It loosens, smooths and mixes the top layer of soil during shredding. It also chops and incorporates weeds and stalk residues into the soil. In this paper, we will explore the factors that influence the operation process of the disc harrow and apply them to the Bomet BTP 4×6 disc harrow. A body model of the Bomet BTP 4×6 disc harrow is prepared and the results of its operation process are simulated in three different operating situations.

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Wang, Yin-Xia, and Hengjun Zhao. "Logarithmically Improved Blow up Criterion for Smooths Solution to the 3D Micropolar Fluid Equations." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/541203.

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Unseld, Robert. ""Battery storage is particularly helpful, because it smooths out imbalances in the power grid"." ATZelectronics worldwide 17, no. 11 (2022): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-022-1415-7.

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Unseld, Robert. ""Battery storage is particularly helpful, because it smooths out imbalances in the power grid"." ATZ worldwide 124, no. 12 (2022): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-022-1432-4.

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Lloyd, S., and A. Brown. "Velocity and Turbulence Fields in Pipe Entrance Regions in the Presence of Cross Flows." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 3 (1986): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239936.

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This paper reports on an experimental investigation into the velocity and turbulence fields in the entrance region of a circular pipe with cross flow at the entry. The pipe entry is a sharp square-edged type with air as the working fluid and measurements are made over the region 0<X/D<21. Observations are presented for a range of cross flows with a maximum Reynolds number, based on pipe diameter, of 64,000. The hot-wire anemometer measurements show a separated nonaxisymmetric flow at entry followed by a skewed flow which progressively smooths out with distance along the pipe.

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Aguilar, Delil Gómez Portugal, Cliff D. Litton, and Anthony O'Hagan. "Novel Statistical Model for a Piece-Wise Linear Radiocarbon Calibration Curve." Radiocarbon 44, no. 1 (2002): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200064791.

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The process of calibrating radiocarbon determinations onto the calendar scale requires the setting of a specific statistical model for the calibration curve. This model specification will bear fundamental importance for the resulting inference regarding the parameter of interest—namely, in general, the calendar age associated to the sample that has been 14C-dated.Traditionally, the 14C calibration curve has been modelled simply as the piece-wise linear curve joining the (internationally agreed) high-precision calibration data points; or, less frequently, by proposing spline functions in order to obtain a smoother curve.We present a model for the 14C calibration curve which, based on specific characteristics of the dating method, yields a piece-wise linear curve, but one which rather than interpolating the data points, smooths them. We show that with this specific model if a piece-wise linear curve is desired, an underlying random walk model is implied as covariance structure (and vice versa). Furthermore, by making use of all the information provided by the calibration data in a comprehensive way, we achieve an improvement over current models by getting more realistic variance values for the calibration curve.

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45

Yu, Mengxue, Qiang Luo, Haibao Wang, and Yushu Lai. "Electric Logistics Vehicle Path Planning Based on the Fusion of the Improved A-Star Algorithm and Dynamic Window Approach." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 8 (2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080213.

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The study of path-planning algorithms is crucial for an electric logistics vehicle to reach its target point quickly and safely. In light of this, this work suggests a novel path-planning technique based on the improved A-star (A*) fusion dynamic window approach (DWA). First, compared to the A* algorithm, the upgraded A* algorithm not only avoids the obstruction border but also removes unnecessary nodes and minimizes turning angles. Then, the DWA algorithm is fused with the enhanced A* algorithm to achieve dynamic obstacle avoidance. In addition to RVIZ of ROS, MATLAB simulates and verifies the upgraded A* algorithm and the A* fused DWA. The MATLAB simulation results demonstrate that the approach based on the enhanced A* algorithm combined with DWA not only shortens the path by 4.56% when compared to the A* algorithm but also smooths the path and has dynamic obstacle-avoidance capabilities. The path length is cut by 8.99% and the search time is cut by 16.26% when compared to the DWA. The findings demonstrate that the enhanced method in this study successfully addresses the issues that the A* algorithm’s path is not smooth, dynamic obstacle avoidance cannot be performed, and DWA cannot be both globally optimal.

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46

Li, Jin, Qirong Zhang, Shuling Xu, Xinlong Chen, Longkun Guo, and Yang-Geng Fu. "Curriculum-Enhanced Residual Soft An-Isotropic Normalization for Over-Smoothness in Deep GNNs." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 12 (2024): 13528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i12.29256.

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Despite Graph neural networks' significant performance gain over many classic techniques in various graph-related downstream tasks, their successes are restricted in shallow models due to over-smoothness and the difficulties of optimizations among many other issues. In this paper, to alleviate the over-smoothing issue, we propose a soft graph normalization method to preserve the diversities of node embeddings and prevent indiscrimination due to possible over-closeness. Combined with residual connections, we analyze the reason why the method can effectively capture the knowledge in both input graph structures and node features even with deep networks. Additionally, inspired by Curriculum Learning that learns easy examples before the hard ones, we propose a novel label-smoothing-based learning framework to enhance the optimization of deep GNNs, which iteratively smooths labels in an auxiliary graph and constructs many gradual non-smooth tasks for extracting increasingly complex knowledge and gradually discriminating nodes from coarse to fine. The method arguably reduces the risk of overfitting and generalizes better results. Finally, extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed model and learning framework through comparison with twelve existing baselines including the state-of-the-art methods on twelve real-world node classification benchmarks.

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ZASLAVSKII, O. B. "BOULWARE STATE IN EXACTLY SOLVABLE MODELS OF 2D DILATON GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 30 (2006): 2283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306021529.

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We discuss self-consistent geometries and behavior of dilaton in exactly solvable models of 2D dilaton gravity, with quantum fields in the Boulware state. If the coupling H(ϕ) between curvature and dilaton ϕ is non-monotonic, back-reaction can remove the classical singularity. As a result, an everywhere regular star-like configuration may appear, in which case the Boulware state, contrary to expectations, smooths out the system. For monotonic H(ϕ), exact solutions confirm the features found before with the help of numerical methods: the appearance of the bouncing point and the presence of isotropic singularity at the classically forbidden branch of the dilaton.

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Smith, Ronald. "Loss of frequency response along sampling tubes for the measurements of gaseous composition at high temperature and pressures." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 208 (November 1989): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089002752.

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Measurements of the rapidly changing gaseous composition in engines at low speed can be made via narrow tubes which convey the gases to monitoring equipment in a less hostile environment. This paper quantifies the extent to which the tube smooths out any changes in concentration. Exact (and approximate) formulae are derived for the temporal variance as weighted double (and single) integrals of the steady flow properties along the tube. Such is the non-uniformity that typically the region near the engine contributes 100 times as much to the spreading as does the region near the monitoring equipment. The advantages of keeping the sampling tubes short and heated are made explicit.

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Marchevsky, I. K., K. S. Sokol, and Yu A. Izmailova. "T-Schemes for Mathematical Modelling of Vorticity Generation on Smooths Airfoils in Vortex Particle Methods." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 6 (105) (December 2022): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-6-33-59.

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New numerical schemes are proposed for solving the boundary integral equation that arises in CFD vortex particle methods of when simulating a plane flow around smooth airfoils. They are based on considering the 2-nd kind integral equation with respect to vortex sheet intensity with a bounded or absolutely integrable kernel instead of traditionally solved singular integral equations of the 1-st kind with Hilbert-type singularity. To solve it, the Galerkin approach is used. It is shown that when approximating the airfoil boundary with a polygon, it is possible to develop schemes of the 1-st and 2-nd order of accuracy, considering a piecewise-constant or piecewise-linear (discontinuous or continuous) distribution of the solution along the panels. The necessary formulae are presented for calculating the components of the matrix and the right-hand side of the system of linear algebraic equations, that is a discrete analogue of the integral equation. They are suitable for modelling of the vorticity generation when simulating the flow around either single airfoil or system of airfoils, including moving and/or deformable ones. The developed schemes can be used in the framework of the viscous vortex domains method as well as other modifications of vortex particle methods, since they only concern the convective velocities of the flow near the airfoil and are not related to methods for modeling viscous diffusion of vorticity

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Wu, Xinming, and Zhenwei Guo. "Detecting faults and channels while enhancing seismic structural and stratigraphic features." Interpretation 7, no. 1 (2019): T155—T166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0174.1.

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A 3D seismic image contains structural and stratigraphic features such as reflections, faults, and channels. When smoothing such an image, we want to enhance all of these features so that they are easier to interpret. Most smoothing methods aim to enhance reflections but may blur faults and channels in the image. A few methods smooth seismic reflections while preserving faults and channel boundaries. However, it has not well-discussed to smooth simultaneously along the seismic reflections and channels, which are linear features apparent within dipping reflections. In addition, to interpret faults and channels, extra steps are required to compute attributes or mappings of faults and channels from a seismic image. Such fault and channel attributes are often sensitive to noise because they are typically computed as discontinuities of seismic reflections. In this paper, we have developed methods to simultaneously enhance seismic reflections, faults, and channels while obtaining mappings of the faults and channels. In these methods, we first estimate the orientations of the reflections, faults, and channels directly in a seismic image. We then use the estimated orientations to control the smoothing directions in an efficient iterative diffusion scheme to smooth a seismic image along the reflections and channels. In this iterative scheme, we also efficiently compute mappings of faults and channels, which are used to control smoothing extents in the diffusion to stop smoothing across them. This diffusion scheme iteratively smooths a seismic image along reflections and channels while updating the mappings of faults and channels. By doing this, we will finally obtain an enhanced seismic image (with enhanced reflections and channels and sharpened faults) and cleaned mappings of faults and channels (discontinuities related to noise are cleaned up). We have examined the methods using 2D and 3D real seismic images.

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Journal articles on the topic 'By smooths'

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