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Journal articles on the topic 'Bypass diodes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Hamada, Toshiyuki, Ikuo Nanno, Norio Ishikura, Masayuki Fujii, and Shinichiro Oke. "Breakdown Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Diodes Used as Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules under Lightning Surges." Energies 16, no. 23 (2023): 7792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237792.

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Damage to photovoltaic power-generation systems by lightning causes the failure of bypass diodes (BPDs) in solar cell modules. Bypass diodes damaged by lightning experience high-resistance open- or short-circuit failures. When a bypass diode experiences short-circuit failure due to indirect lightning, the damage may not be immediately visible. When solar radiation is subsequently received, the current circulating in the closed circuit formed by the cell string and short-circuited bypass diode flows, resulting in overheating and burnout of the short-circuited bypass diode. The authors’ research

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2

Fadliondi and Isyanto Budiyanto Haris. "Bypass Diodes for Improving Solar Panel Performance." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (2018): 2703–8. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2703-2708.

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The ouput power of solar panel that decreased due to shading has been improved using bypass diode method. The placement of bypass diodes increased the output current and power. New peaks and maximum power points on the current-svoltage characteristics and power-voltage characteristics were observed. Without bypass diodes, the maximum output power was only around 50 W. After placing bypass diodes, the first peak around 115 W and second peak around 150 W appeared at voltage of around 31 V and 40 V, respectively.

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3

Fadliondi, Fadliondi, Haris Isyanto, and Budiyanto Budiyanto. "Bypass Diodes for Improving Solar Panel Performance." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (2018): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2703-2708.

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The ouput power of solar panel that decreased due to shading has been improved using bypass diode method. The placement of bypass diodes increased the output current and power. New peaks and maximum powerpoints on the current-svoltage characteristics and power-voltage characteristics were observed. Without bypass diodes, the maximum output power was only around 50 W. After placing bypass diodes, the first peak around 115 W and second peak around 150 W appeared at voltage of around 31 V and 40 V, respectively.

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4

Shin, Woo, Suk Ko, Hyung Song, Young Ju, Hye Hwang, and Gi Kang. "Origin of Bypass Diode Fault in c-Si Photovoltaic Modules: Leakage Current under High Surrounding Temperature." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092416.

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Bypass diodes have been widely utilized in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules to maximize the output of a PV module array under partially shaded conditions. A Schottky diode is used as the bypass diode in c-Si PV modules due to its low operating voltage. In this work, we systematically investigated the origin of bypass diode faults in c-Si PV modules operated outdoors. The temperature of the inner junction box where the bypass diode is installed increases as the ambient temperature increases. Its temperature rises to over 70 °C on sunny days in summer. As the temperature of t

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5

Sezgin-Ugranlı, Hatice Gül. "Photovoltaic System Performance Under Partial Shading Conditions: Insight into the Roles of Bypass Diode Numbers and Inverter Efficiency Curve." Sustainability 17, no. 10 (2025): 4626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104626.

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Partial shading is a common challenge influencing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, particularly in urban and residential applications. A practical solution to mitigate hotspot formation due to shading is the use of bypass diodes. Increasing the number of bypass diodes further enhances PV system performance but alters the global maximum power points (MPPs), shifting their voltage locations and power magnitudes, consequently resulting in a change in the operating points in the efficiency curve of the inverters. This study investigates the impact of bypass diode numbers and inverter

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Vieira, Romênia G., Fábio M. U. de Araújo, Mahmoud Dhimish, and Maria I. S. Guerra. "A Comprehensive Review on Bypass Diode Application on Photovoltaic Modules." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102472.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has shown significant expansion on the installed capacity over the last years. Most of its power systems are installed on rooftops, integrated into buildings. Considering the fast development of PV plants, it has becoming even more critical to understand the performance and reliability of such systems. One of the most common problems faced in PV plants occurs when solar cells receive non-uniform irradiance or partially shaded. The consequences of shading generally are prevented by bypass diodes. A significant number of studies and technical reports have been publ

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7

Tarabsheh, Anas Al, Muhammad Akmal, and Mohammed Ghazal. "Improving the Efficiency of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules without Bypass Diodes." Electronics 10, no. 9 (2021): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091046.

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Photovoltaic (PV) modules comprise bypass diodes to limit hotspot formation. However, they suffer from performance reduction in the presence of partial shading. This paper proposes external circuitry to control the connection type (series/parallel) of the PV cells through a pair of on/off switches resulting in three different operation modes. Mode 1 represents the typical 36 series-connected cells, while mode 2 represents two parallel-connected strings, and mode 3 maximizes the output current where the four strings are connected in parallel. The added values of the approach are that (1) the ou

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8

Al-Chaderchi, Monadhel, K. Sopian, T. Salameh, D. Zhang, and M. A. Alghoul. "Enhancing the Performance of PV Panel Undergoing Shading Effects." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (2018): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1937-1943.

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<p>Experimental and simulation work were performed to study the effects of shading for different strings inside photovoltaic (PV) panels under real outdoor environmental climate conditions for Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The electrical characteristics of PV panel were measured by using the PV analyzer, while the simulations were performed by MATLAB. The effect of full cell shading were studied experimentally for each configuration of two or four bypass diodes and verified by theoretical modeling. The I-V and P-V curves for all cases were recorded to investigate the effect of bypass di

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9

Amin, Hajizadeh, and Warrier Anil Kumar Jishnu. "Parameter Identification and Effect of Partial Shading on a Photovoltaic System." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186406006.

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Partial shading cause significant losses to the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system. So, it is imperative to study effects of partial shading; for that a two-diode model of the experimental setup made. Upon verifying the model with the experimental parameters, a MATLAB/Simulink model is made based on this model. Various shading patterns, the effect of bypass diodes; the effect of overlapping bypass diode is studied on this MATLAB/Simulink model. It is found out that the reduction in power loss is depended on the location of the shaded cell but not the area of the shaded cell. Also, the o

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10

Ren, Huixue, and Peide Han. "Necessity Analysis of Bypass Diode for AC Module under Partial Shading Condition." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164778.

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To protect a photovoltaic module from the hot spot effect more efficiently, an AC (alternating current) module that contains a module-level MPPT (maximum power point tracking) has been put forward. In this paper, operation states of shadowed solar cells and relevant bypass diodes were studied through MATLAB/Simulink tools, and a commercial PV module was used to reveal the temperature change when working at different LMPP (local maximum power point). Experiment results show that bypass diode can reduce power loss for the AC module to some extent but has a limited effect on protecting the AC mod

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11

Utami, Dwi Prima Putri, and Antonius Rajagukguk. "Analysis Of Power Generation Photovoltaic Array 9×10 Wp Under Shading Effect." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, no. 1 (2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.1.13-16.

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There are several problems that can interfere with the performance of large-scale PV. One that enhances PV performance is shading on a PV module, that make interferes PV performance. This research studied about the effect of shading on the performance of large-scale PV systems through testing a 9 × 10 Wp miniature PV array and simulation using Matlab software. The use of diodes on a PV module can be done to prevent damage to the PV module due to shading. Through the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curves the effect of shading and the use of bypass and blocking diod

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12

Álvarez-Tey, Germán, José Antonio Clavijo-Blanco, Álvaro Gil-García, Rafael Jiménez-Castañeda, and Carmen García-López. "Electrical and Thermal Behaviour of Crystalline Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Shading Conditions." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153038.

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The shadow effect caused by nearby objects or the lack of cleaning significantly affects the performance of photovoltaics (PV) installations. This article analyses the bypass diode electrical behaviour and the thermal response of a PV crystalline module under shading or soiling conditions. PV cells of different substrings were covered progressively to simulate the effect of shading or soiling while a programmable electronic DC load was connected to a PV module to set an operating voltage. Three different tests were made to different PV crystalline technology. The paper characterizes in real co

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13

He, Wei, Fengshou Liu, Jie Ji, Shengyao Zhang, and Hongbing Chen. "Safety Analysis of Solar Module under Partial Shading." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/907282.

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Hot spot often occurs in a module when the qualities of solar cells mismatch and bypass diodes are proved to be an efficient alternative to reduce the effect of hot spot. However, these principles choosing a diode are based on the parameters of bypass diodes and PV cells without consideration of the maximum heating power of the shaded cell, which may cause serious consequences. On this basis, this paper presents a new approach to investigate partially shaded cells in different numbers of PV cells and different shading scenarios, including inhomogeneous illumination among solar cells and incomp

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14

Usman, Usman, Alamsyah Achmad, Sofyan Sofyan, Mochammad Apriyadi Hadi Sirad, Syarif Hidayatullah, and Muh Isman. "Investigating the Effect of PV Panel Mounting Orientation under Partial Shading Conditions (A Simulation-Based Study)." INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 12, no. 1 (2025): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.31963/intek.v12i1.5174.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of shading on the mounting orientation of PV panel and the availability or unavailability of Bypass Diodes on the performance of PV panel under partially shading conditions. In this study, for each PV panel mounting orientation, the number of PV cells that received shading was grouped into three categories: 9 cells, 18 cells and 27 cells respectively with the shading fixed vertically. The study also considers the availability and unavailability of bypass diodes. The simulation results show that with vertical shading partially covering the PV cells, the

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15

Bounechba, Hadjer, Abdelfettah Boussaid, Wassim Benlabed, and Nidal Mouat. "Experimental study of the shadow effect on a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 3 (2024): 359–73. https://doi.org/10.2298/sjee2403359b.

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The ultimate component of photovoltaic energy conversion into electrical power is the solar cell. The best efficiency of this conversion is obtained for a group of few cells in parallel or in series, forming what is called ?a solar module?. This grouping requires special precautions in order to avoid panel degradation, occurring when the amount of incident radiation received by a photovoltaic module is not the same (Shading Effect). This results in a dispersion of cell parameters, some cells become resistive and heat up (hot spots), thus producing significant power dissipation and reducing the

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16

Duranay, Zeynep Bala, and Hanifi Güldemir. "Examination of the Effect of Shading on a Photovoltaic System Performance." DÜMF Mühendislik Dergisi 16, no. 1 (2025): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1579306.

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This study investigates the impact of shading on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, a critical consideration for optimizing solar energy generation. Shading can occur due to various environmental factors, including nearby structures, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions, leading to significant reductions in energy output and overall system efficiency. Through a combination of experimental measurements and simulation modeling, we assessed how different shading scenarios affect the electrical performance of PV arrays. The findings reveal that even partial shading can cause substanti

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17

Witteck, Robert, Michael Siebert, Susanne Blankemeyer, Henning Schulte-Huxel, and Marc Kontges. "Three Bypass Diodes Architecture at the Limit." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10, no. 6 (2020): 1828–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2020.3021348.

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18

Xiao, Chuanxiao, Peter Hacke, Steve Johnston, Dana B. Sulas‐Kern, Chun‐Sheng Jiang, and Mowafak Al‐Jassim. "Failure analysis of field‐failed bypass diodes." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 28, no. 9 (2020): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.3297.

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19

Antonius, Rajagukguk, Candra Riawan Dedet, and Ashari Mochamad. "Performance Characteristics of Miniature Photovoltaic Farm under Dynamic Partial Shading." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 1 (2018): 400–408. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp400-408.

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This paper presents investigation of performance characteristic on a miniature photovoltaic farm under dynamic partially shaded condition. Effects of applying bypass diodes in each photovoltaics modul and the transient current of the diode is also investigated. The miniature of PV Farm consisting 4 photovoltaic panels, connected in series to form one string. The whole system comprises 5 photovoltaic strings, which are connected in parallel producing 30 volt and 60 watt peak power fromminiature PV farm. Shading of 10%, 20 % up to 50 % with dynamically changed is applied. Result from both labora

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20

Streblau, Maik Jurgen, and Julien Hristov Georgiev. "Studying the Impact of Shading on the Energy Characteristics of a Solar String." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 8, no. 1 (2024): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol8.iss1.298.

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The current article presents an analysis of the impact of shading on the characteristics of a solar string, with and without the presence of bypass diodes. A solar string consisting of four solar modules was used for this purpose. Experiments were sequentially conducted by connecting one, two, and four bypass diodes. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions using an artificial light source while maintaining the cell temperature mode. The obtained results were analyzed concerning the volt-ampere characteristics, power characteristics, and the coefficient of performance of the photovolta

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21

Shin, Woo Gyun, Jong Rok Lim, Gi Hwan Kang, Young Chul Ju, Hye Mi Hwang, and Suk Whan Ko. "Current Flow Analysis of PV Arrays under Voltage Mismatch Conditions and an Inverter Failure." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (2019): 5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235163.

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In PV (Photovoltaic) systems, the PV array is a structure in which many PV strings are connected in parallel. The voltage mismatch between PV strings, in which PV modules are connected in a series, occurs due to a voltage decrease in some modules. In this paper, research on the electrical characteristics of PV arrays due to a voltage mismatch was conducted. Considering the voltage mismatch, experiments on partial shading, the non-uniformity of irradiance, and the failure of bypass diodes were conducted on the PV module level. It was confirmed that the open-circuit voltage greatly decreased due

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Mihir Chaudhari. "Study of Partial Shading Effect on the Different Photovoltaic Array Arrangements and their Shade Resilience." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 10s (2024): 2198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.5545.

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Due to its ability to directly and cleanly convert solar radiation into electricity, the use of photovoltaic (PV) technology is rapidly increasing. Solar PV panels are connected in various series and parallel configurations to achieve the necessary output voltages and currents. They perform optimally when completely unshaded, but when a series connection is partially shaded (PS), bypass diodes activate and the overall voltage drops, resulting in reduced power generation. The location of bypass diodes, series-parallel combination types, and shading patterns all impact the output power. Therefor

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23

Ortiz-Conde, Adelmo, and Francisco García-Sánchez. "Algorithm to extract model parameters of partially shaded photovoltaic modules." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 36, no. 4 (2023): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2304567o.

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Uneven irradiation, due to partial shading, can produce hot spots in photovoltaic modules. A classical solution to avoid hot spot consists in using bypass diodes in antiparallel to series-connected cell groups. This solution brings a new problem: the presence of multiple local maximum power points. We present a simple algorithm for fast extraction of the model parameters of partially shaded photovoltaic panels with bypass diodes. An example of the application of the proposed algorithm is illustrated using the data from a real monocrystalline silicon technology photovoltaic module measured unde

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24

Bastidas-Rodríguez, Juan D., Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja, and Sergio Ignacio Serna-Garcés. "Improved modelling of bypass diodes for photovoltaic applications." Alexandria Engineering Journal 61, no. 8 (2022): 6261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.11.055.

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25

Silvestre, S., A. Boronat, and A. Chouder. "Study of bypass diodes configuration on PV modules." Applied Energy 86, no. 9 (2009): 1632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.020.

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26

Malathy, S., and R. Ramaprabha. "Suitability of Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverters for Partial Shaded Photovoltaic Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 622 (August 2014): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.622.173.

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The efficiency of building integrated photovoltaic (PV) system is greatly affected by the partial shaded conditions. The impact of shading conditions depends not only on the level of shading but also on other factors like array size, type of configuration adopted, pattern and intensity of the shade. The influence of partial shading is much pronounced in series configuration than any other types due to the absence of cross ties. Unless protected by bypass diodes, the thermal stress across the panel increases under shaded conditions and eventually leads to the development of hot spots that can d

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27

Ramaprabha, R., and B. L. Mathur. "A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Array Configurations under Partial Shaded Conditions." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/120214.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of partial shading on energy output of different Solar Photovoltaic Array (SPVA) configurations and to mitigate the losses faced in Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems by incorporating bypass diodes. Owing to the practical difficulty of conducting experiments on varied array sizes, a generalized MATLAB M-code has been developed for any required array size, configuration, shading patterns, and number of bypass diodes. The proposed model which also includes the insolation-dependent shunt resistance can provide sufficient degree of precision withou

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28

Rajagukguk, Antonius, Dedet Candra Riawan, and Mochamad Ashari. "Performance Characteristics of Miniature Photovoltaic Farm Under Dynamic Partial Shading." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 1 (2018): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp400-408.

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<p>This paper presents investigation of performance characteristic on a miniature photovoltaic farm under dynamic partially shaded condition. Effects of applying bypass diodes in each photovoltaics modul and the transient current of the diode is also investigated. The miniature of PV Farm consisting 4 photovoltaic panels, connected in series to form one string. The whole system comprises 5 photovoltaic strings, which are connected in parallel producing 30 volt and 60 watt peak power fromminiature PV farm. Shading of 10%, 20 % up to 50 % with dynamically changed is applied. Result from bo

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29

Woitzik, Johannes, Peter Horn, Peter Vajkoczy, and Peter Schmiedek. "Intraoperative control of extracranial—intracranial bypass patency by near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography." Journal of Neurosurgery 102, no. 4 (2005): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.4.0692.

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Object. Recently, intraoperative fluorescence angiography in which indocyanine green (ICG) is used as a tracer has been introduced as a novel technique to confirm successful aneurysm clipping. The aim of the present study was to assess whether ICG videoangiography is also suitable for intraoperative confirmation of extracranial—intracranial bypass patency. Methods. Forty patients undergoing cerebral revascularization for hemodynamic cerebral ischemia (11 patients), moyamoya disease (18 patients), or complex intracranial aneurysms (11 patients) were included. Superficial temporal artery (STA)—m

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30

Cao, K. B. K., and V. Boitier. "A novel simple GMPPT method based on probability distribution of global maximum power point under partial shading conditions." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.275.

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A photovoltaic (PV) array having multiple cells in series with bypass diodes may exhibit multiple power peaks under uneven irradiation, therefore an algorithm is required to reach the global maximum power point (GMPP). While a lot of methods have been proposed in the literature, they are usually quite complex and does not fully utilize the characteristics of the PV array. This paper first highlights a rapid and optimized mathematical simulation of the PV array using MATLAB to find the probability distribution of voltage at GMPP under multiple irradiation conditions and temperatures. The result

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31

Pandey, Jay Kumar, and Vikas Kumar Aharwal. "Bypass Diodes to Improve Solar Panel Efficiency for Certain Module." Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 14, no. 3 (2022): 03003–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.14(3).03003.

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Chen, KaiHan, DaMing Chen, YanBin Zhu, and Hui Shen. "Study of crystalline silicon solar cells with integrated bypass diodes." Science China Technological Sciences 55, no. 3 (2012): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4712-6.

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Al-Rawi, Nabeel A., Maan M. Al-Kaisi, and Dhia J. Asfer. "Reliability of photovoltaic modules II. Interconnection and bypass diodes effects." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 31, no. 4 (1994): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90189-9.

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Ali, Ehab Mohamed, Ahmed K. Abdelsalam, Karim H. Youssef, and Ahmed A. Hossam-Eldin. "An Enhanced Cuckoo Search Algorithm Fitting for Photovoltaic Systems’ Global Maximum Power Point Tracking under Partial Shading Conditions." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217210.

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The output power against voltage curve of the photovoltaic system changes its characteristics under partial shading conditions because of using bypass diodes. These bypass diodes are connected across the PV modules inside the string to avoid hotspot formation in the shaded PV modules. Therefore, the output curve has multiple power peaks with only one Global Max Power Point. The classical Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms may fail to track that Global Max Power. Several soft computing algorithms have been proposed to improve tracking efficiency with different optimization principles. In t

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35

Feng, Z. C., and Stephen J. Lombardo. "Parametric Model for Photovoltaic Cells with Bypass Diodes Under Partial Shading." Journal of Vibration Testing and System Dynamics 3, no. 2 (2019): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5890/jvtsd.2019.06.001.

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36

Simon Merthon Ramahaleomiarantsoa, Andriamberomanga. "Study of the Behavior of Photovoltaic Systems under the Influence of Shading and Various Bypass Diodes Configurations." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 1 (2024): 1460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24121061132.

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Casado, Pablo, José M. Blanes, Francisco Javier Aguilar Valero, Cristian Torres, Manuel Lucas Miralles, and Javier Ruiz Ramírez. "Photovoltaic Evaporative Chimney I–V Measurement System." Energies 14, no. 24 (2021): 8198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248198.

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The photovoltaic evaporative chimney is a novel solar-cooling system that serves a double purpose: it increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) panels and it cools down a water stream which can be used to dissipate the heat from a refrigeration cycle. One of the major issues arising from the operation of the chimney is the temperature stratification in the panel due to the movement of the air in the chimney. This effect can trigger the activation of the bypass diodes of the module, creating local maximum power points (MPP) that can compromise the grid-tied inverter tracking. To fill th

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Dhimish, Mahmoud, and Abdullah Alrashidi. "Photovoltaic Degradation Rate Affected by Different Weather Conditions: A Case Study Based on PV Systems in the UK and Australia." Electronics 9, no. 4 (2020): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040650.

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This article presents the analysis of degradation rate over 10 years (2008 to 2017) for six different photovoltaic (PV) sites located in the United Kingdom (mainly affected by cold weather conditions) and Australia (PV affected by hot weather conditions). The analysis of the degradation rate was carried out using the year-on-year (YOY) degradation technique. It was found that the degradation rate in the UK systems varies from −1.05% and −1.16%/year. Whereas a higher degradation ranging from −1.35% to −1.46%/year is observed for the PV systems installed in Australia. Additionally, it was found

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Pavlík, Marek, L’ubomír Beňa, Dušan Medved’, Zsolt Čonka, and Michal Kolcun. "Analysis and Evaluation of Photovoltaic Cell Defects and Their Impact on Electricity Generation." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062576.

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Many problems arise in the operation of photovoltaic systems. Each of these problems affects the operation of photovoltaic systems by reducing the power of the entire system. Some problems can be avoided during the design of photovoltaic systems. For example, when designing photovoltaic systems, it is possible to eliminate the shading of photovoltaic panels from surrounding objects. It is also necessary to look at the shading from neighboring photovoltaic panels when designing photovoltaic systems. It is necessary to calculate the inclination of the sunlight based on the position of the sun an

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Fu, Xiaolei, and Yizhi Tian. "The Study of a Magnetostrictive-Based Shading Detection Method and Device for the Photovoltaic System." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062906.

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When the photovoltaic (PV) system suffers shading problems caused by different degrees and areas, the shaded PV cells will consume electricity and generate heat, the corresponding bypass diode operating at a certain current will conduct, and a special magnetic field will be generated in space. In this study, a magnetostrictive-based shading detection method and device for the PV system are developed from theoretical, simulation, and physical experimental aspects. This study aims to detect the special magnetic field using magnetostrictive material with a certain response pattern under the magne

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Vélez-Sánchez, Jeisson, Juan Bastidas-Rodríguez, Carlos Ramos-Paja, Daniel González Montoya, and Luz Trejos-Grisales. "A Non-Invasive Procedure for Estimating the Exponential Model Parameters of Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules." Energies 12, no. 2 (2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020303.

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Bypass diodes (BDs) present in photovoltaic (PV) modules are represented by the exponential model, which requires two parameters: the inverse-saturation current ( I s a t , d b ) and the ideality factor ( η d b ). However, it is difficult to estimate those parameters since the terminals of the BDs are not isolated, hence there is only access to the series connection of the module BDs. This problem must be addressed since inaccurate BDs parameters could produce errors in the reproduction of the current-voltage (I-V) curves of commercial PV modules, which lead to wrong predictions of the power p

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Yang, Benjamin B. "Introduction to Photovoltaics Failure Analysis and Reliability." EDFA Technical Articles 17, no. 1 (2015): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2015-1.p004.

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Abstract This article provides an overview of the types of failures that tend to occur in photovoltaic (PV) modules in the field and the methods typically used to investigate them. It covers the causes and effects of broken and corroded interconnects, cracked and damaged cells, short and open bypass diodes, delamination, moisture ingress, and encapsulant discoloration. It describes tools and techniques commonly employed in the analysis of PV failures, including IV measurements, electroluminescence, infrared imaging, and visual inspection. It also discusses current and emerging challenges in PV

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Paraskevadaki, Eva, S. Papathanassiou, and Georgios Vokas. "Effects of Partial Shading on the PV Module Characteristic Curves." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.391.

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Photovoltaic system performance is influenced by a variety of factors such as irradiance, temperature, shading, degradation, mismatch losses, soiling, etc. Especially shading, complete or partial, can have a significant contribution to the reduction of power output, depending mainly on the PV array configuration, the shading pattern and the existence of bypass diodes incorporated in the PV module design. In order to obtain the maximum power from a PV generator, it is of great importance to evaluate the complex effects of shading on the P-V and I-V curves.

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Singh, Prateek. "Analyse the Effects of Partial Shading Conditions on Solar Photovoltaic Panels." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35972.

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In a solar photovoltaic array, the shadow may cover its PV cells. In partial shading conditions, the PV characteristic gets more complicated with multiple numbers of peaks. The aim of this model is to analyses the different partial shading situations and also their effects on the operation. This is done by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink2015a software. In this, three PV panels of 250 watt are connected in series for analysing the output. Different irradiances with specified temperature environment are provided to the panel to form the I-V and P-V curve. Due to shading, the output of the panels g

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Steim, Roland, Pavel Schilinsky, Stelios A. Choulis, and Christoph J. Brabec. "Flexible polymer photovoltaic modules with incorporated organic bypass diodes to address module shading effects." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93, no. 11 (2009): 1963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.07.013.

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Shin, Woo-Gyun, Tae-Hee Jung, Seok-Hwan Go, Young-Chul Ju, Hyo-Sik Chang, and Gi-Hwan Kang. "Analysis on thermal & electrical characteristics variation of PV module with damaged bypass diodes." Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 35, no. 4 (2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7836/kses.2015.35.4.067.

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Greacen, C., and D. Green. "The role of bypass diodes in the failure of solar battery charging stations in Thailand." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 70, no. 2 (2001): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(01)00017-4.

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Díaz-Dorado, Eloy, José Cidrás, and Camilo Carrillo. "Discretized model for partially shaded PV arrays composed of PV panels with overlapping bypass diodes." Solar Energy 157 (November 2017): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.004.

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Greacen, C., and D. Green. "The role of bypass diodes in the failure of solar battery charging stations in Thailand." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, no. 4 (2002): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)86367-6.

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Kreft, Wojciech, Estera Przenzak, and Mariusz Filipowicz. "Photovoltaic chain operation analysis in condition of partial shading for systems with and without bypass diodes." Optik 247 (December 2021): 167840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167840.

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