Relevant bibliographies by topics / C 1980 to c 1990

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'C 1980 to c 1990'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "C 1980 to c 1990"

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Fettweis, Xavier, Jason E. Box, Cécile Agosta, et al. "Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model." Cryosphere 11, no. 2 (2017): 1015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017.

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Abstract. With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP–NCARv1 (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis version 1; 1948–2015), NCEP–NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis; 1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2; 1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalyses. While all these forcing products are reanalyses that are assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR-simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) was, for example, needed at the MAR boundaries with ERA-20C (20CRv2) reanalysis, given that ERA-20C (20CRv2) is ∼ 1 °C colder (warmer) than ERA-Interim over Greenland during the period 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) near-surface observations support these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements, ice cores and satellite-derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing datasets for the simulation of the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR, suggesting that some improvements are still needed in its cloudiness and radiative schemes as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all MAR simulations indicate that (i) the period 1961–1990, commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics, is actually a period of anomalously positive SMB (∼ +40 Gt yr−1) compared to 1900–2010; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120-year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2-forced MAR simulations suggest a significant precipitation increase over 1900–1950, but this increase could be the result of an artefact in the reanalyses that are not well-enough constrained by observations during this period and (iv) since the 1980s, snowfall is quite stable after having reached a maximum in the 1970s. These MAR-based SMB and accumulation reconstructions are, however, quite similar to those from Box (2013) after 1930 and confirm that SMB was quite stable from the 1940s to the 1990s. Finally, only the ERA-20C-forced simulation suggests that SMB during the 1920–1930 warm period over Greenland was comparable to the SMB of the 2000s, due to both higher melt and lower precipitation than normal.
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Leibensperger, E. M., L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, et al. "Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (2011): 24127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-24127-2011.

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Abstract. We investigate the climate response to US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950 to 2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the potential warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period.
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Leibensperger, E. M., L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, et al. "Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 7 (2012): 3349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3349-2012.

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Abstract. We investigate the climate response to changing US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950–2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period.
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Carignan, Richard, Stéphane Lorrain, and Ken Lum. "A 50-yr Record of Pollution by Nutrients, Trace Metals, and Organic Chemicals in the St Lawrence River." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 5 (1994): 1088–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-108.

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The deposition chronology of algal pigments, organic C, N, P, trace metals, and organic contaminants (PCB congeners, DDD, DDE, Mirex, hexachlorobenzene) is described for two sites in fluvial lakes (St. Francis and St. Louis) of the St. Lawrence River. Pigment concentrations rapidly decrease in the top 10 cm due to degradation, but show a broad secondary peak consistent with higher primary productivity between 1960 and 1975. In Lake St. Francis, deposition of organic C, N, and P peaked between 1950 and 1975. In both lakes, trace metal concentrations reached maximum values between 1960 and 1970 and decreased considerably between 1970 and 1980. At both sites, surficial trace metal concentrations are approaching (within a factor of 3) those observed in preindustrial sediments except Cd, which is still 5–6 times higher. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn are inversely related (p < 0.05) to river discharge whereas those of Pb are positively related to discharge. Concentrations of organic contaminants have declined by a factor of 5–10 between the mid-1960's and the early 1980's, except Mirex, which shows no obvious trend with time. Historic trends in pollution by organic chemicals appear to have been influenced not only by changing anthropogenic inputs, but also by river discharge.
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Bondarenko, V., and O. Kornosenko. "PERIODIZATION OF THE ENTIRE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF FITNESS TRAINERS AS A SYSTEM." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 72 (August 16, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2018.72.176131.

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In the article with the help of methods of historical-retrospective, system analysis, study of the complex of historical (normative acts, scientific works on history, materials of scientificpractical conferences, etc.) and scientific and methodical (dissertations, monographs, textbooks, encyclopedic dictionaries, etc.) sources, generalization of pedagogical and coaching experience, the periodization of the formation of the system of professional education of fitness trainers was developed; the present state of programmer and normative provision of professional training fitness trainers is determined, and functions of their professional activity are distinguished out. There are three periods of formation of professional education of fitness trainers: unsystematic, systemic pre-professional, systemic-professional.First period – unsystematic – is an origin of health fitness directions: mental (yoga and its varieties (3 rd century B.C., ancient India), pilates (1920 s, USA), stretching (1950 s, Sweden); power (beginning of XX c., England); aerobic (beginning of XX c., France, Russia) and empiric experience spontaneous transmission to next generations with the methods of inheritance and chaotic distribution of motive activity, through the authorial health-improving training programs and methodologies.The second period – system pre-professional – is a combination of motive experience best standards, methods and facilities of physical development improvement and men’s health strengthening, that contain motive activity, active rest organization, physical preparedness perfection (1960-80ss., USA), in integral athletic health-improving system – health-improving fitness.Third period – system-professional – is a completion of separate fitness programs realization methodologies development and introduction of system approach to fitness trainers’ professional education; differentiation of fitness trainers’ preparation: in specialized commercial institutions based on principle of certification (first half of 1980 s, USA; second half of 1980 s, Great Britain and Germany; 1990 s, Russia, Ukraine and others) and in higher educational institutions (the end of 1990 s, European countries and USA; 2005, Ukraine).
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Choi, Young Eoun, Ji-In Kim, and Michał Brzeski. "Observations of some species of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) with proposals of new synonyms." Nematology 2, no. 3 (2000): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509141.

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AbstractFour species of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 are discussed and the following new synonyms are proposed. C. pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979, C. mutabilis Eroshenko, 1980 nec Taylor, 1936, C. striatellus Eroshenko, 1980, C. multiannulatus Eroshenko, 80, C. echinopanaxi Mukhina, 1981 and C. eroshenkoi Siddiqi, 1986 are considered as junior synonyms of C. annulatus Taylor, 1936; C. tulaganovi (Kirjanova, 1948) Raski, 1958, C. mongomorgum Darekar & Khan, 1979 and C. sabulosus Eroshenko, 1981 of C. informis (Micoletzky, 1922) Taylor, 1936; C. amorphus De Grisse, 1967 and C. tafoensis Luc, 1970 of C. mongolensis Andrássy, 1964. C. myungsugae (Choi & Geraert, 1975) Loof & De Grisse, 1989 is redescribed from paratypes.Quatre espèces de Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 sont discutées et de nouvelles synonymies sontproposées. C. pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979, C. mutabilis Eroshenko, 1980, nec Taylor, 1936, C. striatellus Eroshenko, 1980, C. multiannulatus Eroshenko, 1980, C. echinopanaxi Mukhina, 1981 et C. eroshenkoi Siddiqi, 1986 sont considérés comme synonymes mineurs de C. annulatus Taylor, 1936; C. tulaganovi (Kirjanova, 1948) Raski, 1958, C. mongomorgum Darekar & Khan, 1979 et C. sabulosus Eroshenko, 1981 de C. informis (Micoletzky, 1922) Taylor, 1936; C. amorphus De Grisse, 1967 et C. tafoensis Luc, 1970 de C. mongolensis Andrássy, 1964. C. myungsugae (Choi & Geraert, 1975) Loof & De Grisse, 1989 est redécrit à partir des paratypes.
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Pattenden, Hugh. "Britain and the Rhodesian Mercenary Issue, c.1970–1980." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 49, no. 4 (2021): 777–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2021.1896647.

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Guerra Manzo, Enrique. "La violencia en Tierra Caliente, Michoacán, c. 1940-1980." Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México 53 (January 2017): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehmcm.2017.01.004.

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Jones, Geoffrey, and Judith Wale. "Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield, c.1900–c.1980." Business History 41, no. 2 (1999): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076799900000258.

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Palumbo, George, Seymour Sacks, and Michael Wasylenko. "Population decentralization within metropolitan areas: 1970–1980." Journal of Urban Economics 27, no. 2 (1990): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(90)90012-c.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "C 1980 to c 1990"

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Machado, Pedro. ""Little Madeira": the Portuguese in Woodstock c.1940-c.1980." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14958.

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Includes bibliographies.<br>This dissertation seeks to trace the forty-year evolution or the Portuguese or Madeiran immigrant community of Woodstock between the 1940s and 1980s. As the majority of Portuguese in Woodstock came from Madeira the terms, Portuguese and Madeiran, will be used interchangeably when referring to the immigrants. Throughout this period, Woodstock began to attract significant numbers of Portuguese immigrants, earning it the name' Little Madeira'. It became, in fact, the first suburb in Cape Town in which a distinct, Portuguese ethnic community developed .The dissertation is an attempt, however tentative, at the reconstruction of the history of the Portuguese community whilst at (he same time endeavouring to stress the importance of the contribution of sustained immigrant study to parochial and national histories.
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Mitchell, Peter Angus. "Contested space : squatting in divided Berlin c.1970 - c.1990." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11707.

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This thesis examines the history of urban squatting in East and West Berlin from c. 1970 to c.1990. In doing so, it explores the relationship between urban space, opposition and conformity, mainstream and alternative cultures, as well as questions of identity and belonging in both halves of the formerly divided city. During Berlin’s history of division, illegal squatting was undertaken by a diverse range of actors from across the period’s political and Cold War divides. The practice emerged in both East and West Berlin during the early 1970s, continuing and intensifying during the following decade, before the traditions of squatting on both sides of the Berlin Wall converged in 1989-­‐90, as the city’s – and Germany’s – physical division was overcome. Squatting, this thesis argues, provides an important yet little studied chapter in Berlin’s – and indeed Germany’s – post-­‐war history. What is more, it provides an example of the ways in which, during the period of Cold War division, Berlin’s and Germany’s symbolic meaning was not only contested between East and West, but was, within the respective societies, also re-­‐interpreted from below. Drawing on a broad range of archival sources, this thesis compares and contrasts the experience of squatters on both sides of the Berlin Wall, and the ways in which the respective polities responded to this phenomenon. Broadly similar paradigms of urban renewal, this thesis argues, account for not only parallels in the temporality but also the geography of squatting in East and West Berlin. In both Berlins, this thesis demonstrates, the history of squatting was interconnected with that of domestic opposition and political dissidence. Moreover, squatting contributed to the emergence of alternative urban lifestyles, which sustained comparable urban sub-­‐cultures on both sides of the Cold War divide. Perhaps counter-­‐intuitively, this thesis argues that, East Germany’s apparatus of control notwithstanding, the relationship between squatters and the authorities in the GDR was generally more consensual than it was between their counterparts in West Germany and West Berlin. The thesis not only points to the limits of the totalitarian model of interpretation when applied to late Socialist society in the GDR, but also questions the dominant historiographical trend of studying the two Germanys in isolation from one another. Taking its cue from a number of influential scholars, this thesis asserts the importance of incorporating the experiences of both East and West Germany into a narrative of the nation’s divided past. Through identifying and analysing the overarching variable of urban squatting, this thesis attempts to develops a perspective that regards the post-­‐war history of East and West Germany as part of a wider whole.
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Ellis, David J. "Pavement politics : community action in Leeds, c. 1960-1990." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11727/.

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Community action, centred on everyday issues affecting life at neighbourhood level, was a new form of political activism that flourished across urban Britain from the 1960s to the 1980s. Existing historical narratives of politics in late twentieth century Britain overlook this development due to the low profile of community action nationally and activists’ lack of interest in recording their work for posterity. This thesis recovers part of the forgotten history of community action through a case study of Leeds. In so doing it re-balances a historiography concerned largely with established political institutions. The thesis builds upon the work of historians who have sought to broaden our understanding of the political and scholars who have stressed the importance of the local and the quotidian. In 1960s and 1970s in Leeds, the growth of community action was a response to the failure of traditional political organisations to represent those who disagreed with various aspects of urban policy. Community action challenged the centralising tendencies of the British state, pushing for more direct citizen involvement in policy making. Over the 1970s, activists re-shaped policy on urban renewal, housing and transport. The Leeds experience shows how community activists forged a partnership with local government and together they pioneered new forms of urban policy. Activists developed an infrastructure of grassroots institutions managed by local people, only for it to wither in the 1980s as the Thatcher governments advanced a neo-liberal policy agenda. With the exception of a handful of full-time organisers, Leeds activists were unable to act local and think national. As such, community action was unable to mature into a true social movement. It lacked strong national networks, a set of unifying institutions and a clear ideology. It did, however, survive as an approach to politics and its contribution to public policy remains visible today.
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Collinson, Marc. "Commonwealth immigration, policymaking, and the Labour Party, c. 1960-1980." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/commonwealth-immigration-policymaking-and-the-labour-party-c-19601980(29025f71-6aa2-4047-b22d-738542b6130f).html.

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This thesis is a study of post-war British political parties and policymaking, primarily examining the Labour party’s combined policy on immigration, integration and race relations between 1960 and 1980. Limited research has been published on post-war parties and policymaking, and what has often neglects the role of the political party within the process. Existing studies of Labour’s engagement with immigration or race relations focus only on Harold Wilson’s 1964-1970 Governments. Labour were a party of Government in this period, returned as the largest or majority party in four of seven electoral contests between 1959 and 1979. Being in power for almost eleven of the twenty years, it is possible to analyse how the party reacted to a divisive political issue, in power and opposition and, therefore, the relationship between party policymaking, electoral politics and governance. To comprehend these interactive and complicated issues, this thesis engages with approaches traditionally utilised political history, in combination with others gleaned from political studies. Historical scholarship has long demonstrated that analysis of longer periods permit greater appreciation of change over time. Recent uptake of similar methodologies within political science have likewise accepted their effectiveness for analysing the actions of historic political actors. Blending innovative new interpretative approaches, alongside traditional intellectual examinations of politics informed by the history of ideas, has proved fruitful. Using Peter F. Clarke’s concept of the ‘purchase of ideas’, this thesis attempts to trace the intellectual origins of policy. By further accepting Duncan Tanner’s contention that policy is a complex process, and following his suggested delineation between institutional and electoral purchase of ideas within a political institution, it recognises historic agents’ capacity to shape, redirect and repackage policy to elicit popular appeal. To do this effectively, the study scrutinises the structure and processes of policymaking within the Labour party. Concentrating on Labour’s political dynamics, the thesis examines the degree to which policy development at the party’s London headquarters reflected the opinions of local parties and voters in constituencies. It surveys Labour’s early engagement with immigration issues before examining its definitive approach under Hugh Gaitskell’s leadership. Afterwards, it considers the role of immigration controls’ local appeal through scrutinising the political cleavage existent between pro-immigration local parties, and pro-control electorates. Enoch Powell’s April 1968 speech reaffirmed existing assumptions and the influence of the National Front and racially charged Powellite politics in the 1970s is analysed through a multi-level study of the party’s responses, to establish the significance of various local, national and international influences and constrictions on the policymaking process. This thesis posits that policymaking is both deliberative and contemporaneous, being a transient manifestation of political priorities and ideas deemed (by the party leadership) to possess institutional and electoral purchase at its time of prospective implementation.
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Yekela, Drusilla Siziwe. "Unity and division : aspects of the history of Abathembu Chieftainship c. 1920 to c. 1980." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11491.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The history of the abaThembu chieftainship in the twentieth century has been very little studied. This thesis is the first attempt to examine the chieftainship in detail. It shows how the chieftainship was deeply divided, yet survived socio-political assaults from both within and without. It focuses on the individuals who were successive paramount chiefs of the abaThembu, exploring how they helped shape the chieftainship over time, and on the impact on the chieftainship of state policy in the eras of segregation and then apartheid.
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Mangi, Lutfullah. "U.S. policy towards South Africa, c.1960-c.1990 : from political realism to moral engagement." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28708/.

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This is a study of United States' policy towards South Africa between 1976 and 1986, the important period in the history of their relationship. It sets out to explain that there had never been a basic shift in successive U.S. policies towards the Republic. The driving force behind the Ford, Carter and Reagan doctrines towards Southern Africa, with focus on South Africa, had been to secure the U.S. national interests---economic and military/strategic. These policies, however, were based on belief of negotiated settlement to achieve majority rule in the region, and were critical of the apartheid system in South Africa. Throughout the period under discussion, South Africa has never remained important in U.S. policy planning, except the period of the mid 1980s, when it attracted the attention of high-level policy-makers, including the President and the Congress. It was during this time that the Republic appeared as a major political issue of U.S. domestic constituencies and on foreign policy agenda. It was partly because of the well publicized crisis in South Africa, and partly because of the Reagan administration's attitude towards the anti-apartheid groups. The combination of these factors had led the defeat of the Reagan administration's policy of constructive engagement and the implementation of the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 in which Congress, under public pressure, deviced its policy towards South Africa.
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Toms, Jonathan Paul. "Mental hygiene to civil rights : MIND and the problematic of personhood, c.1900 to c.1980." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446618/.

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Van, der Heyden Ulrich Klaus Helmut. "GDR development policy with special reference to Africa, c. 1960-1990." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001860.

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This thesis explores the political, economic and theoretical underpinnings of the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR’s) development policies towards the Third World between c.1960 and 1990. Particular attention is paid to Africa. Case studies of assistance to SWAPO and the ANC further focus the attention of the reader on southern Africa in particular. Aspects of both military and civilian aid are considered, including both development initiatives overseas in Africa, and development training for Africans within the GDR itself. Since German “reunification”, the GDR’s history has been explored largely from a West German perspective. The present work attempts to provide a more balanced view of successes and shortcomings of the GDR’s policies towards, and interaction with, African countries and liberation movements. It also aims to bring to the attention of English-speaking readers German archival sources, other primary sources and published works which they would otherwise have been unlikely to encounter. From its formation, the GDR made strenuous efforts to develop relations with countries which were either free from colonial dependency or were struggling for freedom. Over the course of thirty years, it followed a number of different approaches, and developed diverse objectives. These were shaped in the wider context of the cold war, the Hallstein doctrine (which established that the FRG – and, in effect, its allies - would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognised the GDR), the relationships between the GDR and partner socialist states, and the economic difficulties faced by the GDR. Arising from this complex situation, from time to time, both internally in the GDR and in terms of its foreign affairs, tensions and discrepancies arose between theoretical objectives and political and economic reality. Despite these severe constraints, during the period under review, the volume and range of the GDR’s relationships with developing countries increased dramatically. For example, between 1970 and 1987, the number of developing countries with which the GDR had foreign economic relations on the basis of international agreements grew from 23 to 64. Viewed within its economic context, the state was arguably far more committed to development aid than the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, there is a great deal of evidence that “solidarity” with developing nations and the oppressed enjoyed a considerable degree of popular support.
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Nelson, Gillian. "A century of covert ethnography in Britain, c.1880-c.1980." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2163/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the history of covert ethnography in Britain between the 1880s and 1980. During this century, a range of academic and non-academic social researchers have used the method of covert ethnography. The starting point for this thesis is the observation that there is no adequate and sustained explanation of covert ethnography as a historical phenomenon. It is argued that the fragmented nature of the existing historiography precludes a full understanding of this important historical phenomenon. It is the intention of this thesis to bridge the gaps in the historiography, as it stands, and to promote an inclusive historical account of covert ethnography in Britain across time. Through an analysis of covert ethnographic projects undertaken in Britain between the 1880s and 1980, with particular attention being paid to the structure and language used by covert ethnographers, this thesis will locate the use of this research method in its historical context. This thesis will chart the changes and continuities over time in the use of covert ethnography and demonstrate how key forces, such as the establishment of new models of ethnographic research and the development of ethical concern regarding covertness, shaped the use of covert ethnography significantly. This thesis will contribute a more comprehensive account of covert ethnography to the existing historiography.
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Bennett, Ronan A. H. "Enforcing the law in revolutionary England Yorkshire, c. 1640-c.1990." Online version, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.283797.

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Books on the topic "C 1980 to c 1990"

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Havel, Václav. Openletters: Selected writings, 1965-1990. Knopf, 1991.

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Champion, A. G. The new regional map of Europe. Pergamon, 1996.

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Bowler, Dave. The Cure: Faith. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1995.

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Margaret, Hall. Confronting Leviathan: Mozambique since independence. C. Hurst, 1997.

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Matthews, David N. Fighting heart disease: The history of the British Heart Foundation, 1961-1988. British Heart Foundation in association with Blackwell Scientific, 1990.

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Petersen, Anders. Anders Petersen: Fotografier 1966-1996 = photographs. Journal, 1997.

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Julio Mario Santo Domingo Collection, Fotomuseum Winterthur, and Nederlands fotomuseum, eds. Anders Petersen: "Ich dich lieben, Du mich auch?" : Fotomuseum Winterthur, Nederlands fotomuseum]. Schaden.com, 2002.

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Centro Cibeles de Cultura y Ciudadanía (Madrid, Spain) and PHotoEspaña (Festival) (20th : 2017 : Madrid, Spain), eds. Anders Petersen: Color Lehmitz. Cabeza de Chorlito, 2017.

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Anne, Biroleau, Stahel Urs, Persson Hasse 1942-, and Bibliothèque nationale de France. Galerie de photographie, eds. Anders Petersen. Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2013.

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Cowsill, Miles. The Sealink years. Ferry Publications, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "C 1980 to c 1990"

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Turner, Paul, and Glyn N. Volans. "C." In Drugs Handbook 1989–1990. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11052-0_26.

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Turner, Paul, and Glyn N. Volans. "C." In Drugs Handbook 1989–1990. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11052-0_3.

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Windsor, Alan. "C." In Handbook of Modern British Painting and Printmaking 1900–1990, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429057021-307.

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Thomlinson, Natalie. "Black Women’s Activism, c. 1970–1990." In Race, Ethnicity and the Women’s Movement in England, 1968–1993. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137442802_3.

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Bednorz, J. G., and K. A. Müller. "Possible High T c Superconductivity in the Ba — La — Cu — O System." In Ten Years of Superconductivity: 1980–1990. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1622-0_32.

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Maeda, Hiroshi, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Masao Fukutomi, and Toshihisa Asano. "A New High-T c Oxide Superconductor without a Rare Earth Element." In Ten Years of Superconductivity: 1980–1990. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1622-0_42.

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Takagi, Hidenori, Shin-Ichi Uchida, Koichi Kitazawa, and Shoji Tanaka. "High-T c Superconductivity of La-Ba-Cu Oxides. II. —Specification of the Superconducting Phase." In Ten Years of Superconductivity: 1980–1990. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1622-0_33.

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Luther, Peter, and Alan Moran. "Limitation Act 1980 (1980, c. 58)." In Core Statutes on Property Law. Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54479-7_27.

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Smith, Rhona, Eimear Spain, and Richard Glancey. "Highways Act 1980 (1980, c. 66)." In Core Statutes on Public Law & Civil Liberties. Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54504-6_20.

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Burton, Frances. "Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (1980 c. 43)." In Core Statutes on Family Law. Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54510-7_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "C 1980 to c 1990"

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Leite, Vitor Marques Pinto. "(C, A, B) - Invariance." In 1990 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1990.4791118.

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Snoeij, P., P. Hoogeboom, P. Koomen, and H. Pouwels. "PHARS: a C-Band Airborne SAR." In 20th European Microwave Conference, 1990. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/euma.1990.336151.

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Zhang, J. C., J. Li, Z. H. Li, W. Lian, P. J. Hu, and H. L. Huang. "Study on the Dynamic Change Law of Collapse Pressure in Mudstone Strata-Taking Block D as an Example." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0125.

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ABSTRACT The mechanical-chemical coupling reaction occurs when drilling fluid intrudes into mudstone, which leads to the increase of collapse pressure. In this paper, a dynamic calculation model of collapse pressure with drilling fluid intrusion time is established according to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Then the pattern of drilling fluid intrusion into the core of Block D and the change of rock mechanical characteristics after intrusion are analyzed by experiments. Finally, the dynamic collapse pressure of well X in Block D was predicted by combining the reservoir section parameters. The results show that: (1) drilling fluid intrusion will increase the water content of the perimeter rocks, reduce the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle, and increase the Poisson's ratio, and the longer the intrusion time, the slower the increase of water content and the smaller the change of rock mechanical parameters per unit time; (2) drilling fluid intrusion will cause the collapse pressure of the perimeter rocks to increase, and the longer the intrusion time, the slower the growth; (3) the collapse of the reservoir section of well X pressure equivalent density increased to 1.20g/cm3 in 21.8 days, which is basically consistent with the drilling reality. INTRODUCTION When the hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore is not sufficient to balance the collapse pressure around the well, the rock around the well will be sheared and damaged, which is one of the root causes of well wall instability (Westergaard, 1940; Cheatham,1984; Veeken et al, 1989; Yew et al,1990; Rahimi and Nygaard,2015). For well wall instability, the mechanical causes were mainly studied in the beginning (Aadnoy and Chenevert, 1987; Fuh et al, 1988; McLean and Addis,1990). It was not until around the 1990s that Yew et al(1990) first combined mechanical and chemical effects to quantify mud shale stability, which centered on linking the total water content of the shale to its mechanical performance. Later, Mian C et al (1995) conducted a similar study on shales from Daqing oil field in 1995 using the same method and concluded that the characteristic performance of rock mechanical parameters was also related to the water content inside the rock. On this basis, two mainstream directions of well wall instability research have been formed: mechanistic mechanism research (Ewy,1999; Moos et al,2003; Gholami et al;2015) and coupled mechanic-chemical interaction research (Hale et al,1993; Zeynali, 2012; Akhtarmanesh et al,2013). The study of the combined effect of coupled mechanics-chemistry on well wall stability is focused on rocks with high mud content (clay content), such as shale, mudstone and mud shale. Due to the intrusion of drilling fluid, illite, illite and montmorillonite mixed layers contained in the clay will absorb water and swell, resulting in certain changes in rock structure and physicochemical characteristics (Muller, 1969;Tan et al,1996; Ghasemi and Sharifi, 2021;Fanhui et al, 2021). As the drilling fluid intrusion time increases, such rocks mechanically exhibit a gradual decrease in strength and hardness, which eventually leads to an increase in the collapse pressure of the rocks on the well wall, and the borehole collapses when the collapse pressure exceeds the hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore (Tan et al, 1997; Loret et al, 2002; He et al, 2016; Jia et al, 2019).
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Veron, L., C. Rouille, B. Etlicher, B. Dufour, J. M. Buzzi, and R. Boivinet. "C+ and C2+ optimized plasma opening switch for inductive storage." In 1990 Plasma Science IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1990.110673.

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Кудрин, Сергей Геннадьевич. "Количественное изменение редких видов на постоянных площадках в Хинганском заповеднике". У Plants in the monsoonal climate - IX. Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17581/mon2022.042.

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Хинганский государственный природный заповедник (ФГБУ ХГПЗ) находится на крайнем юго-востоке Амурской области. Его территория имеет два удаленных на 50 км друг от друга участка в междуречье нижнего течения рр. Хинган и Бурея. Пойменный участок р. Амур примыкает к Зее-Буреинской равнине, горные площади являются отрогами Буреинского хребта. Заповедник разделен на три лесничества. Два равнинных: Антоновское (АЛ) и Лебединское (ЛЛ) лесничества и одно горное ─ Хинганское (ХЛ). Целью работы является выяснение влияния климатических, сукцессионных и пирогенных факторов на популяции редких видов заповедника. Исследования проводились в период с июня 1985 г. по сентябрь 2021 г. Время начала наблюдения за площадками имеет отличия. C 1985 г. ведется подсчет на площадках с Herminium monorchis R. Br. в кв. 12 АЛ и Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. в кв. 48 АЛ. С 1988 г. за Cypripedium guttatum Sw. в кв. 12 АЛ, Nelumbo komarovii Grossg. в кв. 62 ЛЛ, Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schlechter в кв. 3 ХЛ, Spiranthes sinensis в кв. 48 АЛ. С 1989 г. за Habenaria linearifolia в кв. 48 АЛ, Calypso bulbosa Oakes в кв. 12 ХЛ. С 1992 г. за Cypripedium ventricosum (Sw.) Soo. в кв. 3 ХЛ и двумя площадками с Cypripedium calceolus L. в кв. 3 ХЛ. С 1993 г. за Herminium monorchis в кв. 48 АЛ. С 2012 г. за Pogonia japonica Reichenb. в кв. 48 АЛ и Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. в кв. 12 ХЛ. Ревизии выполнялись один раз в год в период массового цветения вида произрастающего на площадке и во время уточняющих посещений. Период наблюдений с мая по сентябрь. Процессы изменения численности отдельных редких видов наблюдаются на 14 постоянных площадках 12 видов. После 33-х лет наблюдения за процессами влияния климатических, сукцессионных и пирогенных факторов на популяции наблюдаемых видов и растения площадок по слежению за редкими видами отмечены следующие предварительные наблюдения. Флуктуационные и сукцессионные изменения растительности неблагоприятно влияют на отдельные виды растений. При ослаблении пирогенного фактора начинаются процессы восстановления кустарниковой и лесной растительности. Последние обстоятельства неблагоприятно отражаются на наблюдаемые виды. Жизненный цикл Calypso bulbosa, Coeloglossum viride (L.) C. Hartm., Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim., Gymnadenia conopsea в условиях Хинганского заповедника направлен на нестабильное генеративное проявление. Например, Gymnadenia conopsea в 1985 г., был обычный вид в Антоновском лесничестве Хинганского заповедника. В 1986 г. отмечено несколько местонахождений, а в 1987, 1988, 1989 гг. стал редок. С 1990 по 1996 гг. отсутствует в лесничестве. С 1997 по 1999 гг. снова встречается редко и далее не обнаруживался ни на площадке, ни в её окрестностях до настоящего времени. Глобальные изменения климата различно влияют на отдельные виды наблюдаемых растений. На потепление климата хорошо отозвались растения разных растительных фитоценозов. Pogonia japonica Reichenb. обитатель сырых лугов и Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. ─ смешанных лесов горной части заповедника. Площадки с Pogonia japonica в кв. 48 АЛ и Oreorchis patens в кв. 12 ХЛ, заложены во время наибольшей численности растений. Тенденция сохранения наибольшей численности до настоящего времени сохраняется у Бородатки японской. У Ореорхиса раскидистого заметны признаки угасания: отсутствие репродуктивных побегов, мельчание растений.
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Dickson, W. "Feature grouping in a hierarchical probabilistic network." In British Machine Vision Conference 1990. British Machine Vision Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.4.5.

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Scott, G. L., and H. C. Longuet-Higgins. "Feature grouping by 'relocalisation' of eigenvectors of the proximity matrix." In British Machine Vision Conference 1990. British Machine Vision Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.4.20.

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Schnorr, C. "Computation of discontinous optical flow by domain decomposition and shape optimization." In British Machine Vision Conference 1990. British Machine Vision Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.4.21.

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Blake, A., R. Cipolla, and A. Zisserman. "Towards qualitative vision: motion parallax." In British Machine Vision Conference 1990. British Machine Vision Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.4.22.

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Thacker, N. A., Y. Zheng, and R. Blackbourn. "Using a combined stereo/temporal matcher to determine ego-motion." In British Machine Vision Conference 1990. British Machine Vision Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.4.23.

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Reports on the topic "C 1980 to c 1990"

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Martin, Kathi, Nick Jushchyshyn, and Claire King. Christian Lacroix Evening gown c.1990. Drexel Digital Museum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/wq7d-mc48.

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The URL links to a website page in the Drexel Digital Museum (DDM) fashion image archive containing a 3D interactive panorama of an evening gown by French fashion designer Christian Lacroix with related text. This evening gown by Christian Lacroix is from his Fall 1990 collection. It is constructed from silk plain weave, printed with an abstract motif in the bright, deep colors of the local costumes of Lacroix's native Arles, France; and embellished with diamanté and insets of handkerchief edged silk chiffon. Ruffles of pleated silk organza in a neutral bird feather print and also finished with a handkerchief edge, accentuate the asymmetrical draping of the gown. Ruching, controlled by internal drawstrings and ties, creates volume and a slight pouf, a nod to 'le pouf' silhouette Lacroix popularized in his collection for Patou in 1986. Decorative boning on the front of the bodice reflects Lacroix's early education as a costume historian and his sartorial reinterpretation of historic corsets. It is from the private collection of Mari Shaw. The panorama is an HTML5 formatted version of an ultra-high resolution ObjectVR created from stitched tiles captured with GigaPan technology. It is representative the ongoing research of the DDM, an international, interdisciplinary group of researchers focused on production, conservation and dissemination of new media for exhibition of historic fashion.
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Morse, N. R. C-Division annual review and operating plan, August 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6475757.

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Templeton, J. L. Reductive coupling of carbon monoxide to C{sub 2} products. Progress report, May 1990--November 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10120995.

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Klier, K., R. G. Herman, M. Richards, and R. D. Bastian. Alkali/TX{sub 2} catalysts for CO/H{sub 2} conversion to C{sub 1}-C{sub 4} alcohols. Technical progress report, December 1989--February 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188083.

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Thomas, E. W., and T. F. Moran. Metastable enhancement of C{sup +} and O{sup +} capture reactions. Final technical report, June 1987--September 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169852.

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Moore, Carole, Paul Hogan, Christian Kirchner, Patrick C. Macklin, and Peter M. Greenston. Econometric Estimates of Army Retention: Zones A, B, C, D and Retirement-Eligible, 1990-2004. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada464636.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Report of the Secretary of Defense Frank C. Carlucci to the Congress on the FY 1990/FY 1991 Biennial Budget and FY 1990-94 Defense Programs. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada542376.

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Jokinen, Pauli, Pentti Pirinen, Juho-Pekka Kaukoranta, et al. Climatological and oceanographic statistics of Finland 1991–2020. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361485.

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This report consists of climate statistics for air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, snow depth, wind, sunshine and global radiation for the normal period covering the years 1991–2020. In addition for the first time oceanographic statistics for sea water level, sea water temperature and sea ice are included. Based on the station and gridded data the new 1991–2020 normal period is approximately 0.6 °C warmer in Finland compared to the previous 1981–2010 period. The new normal period is approximately 1.3 °C warmer when compared to the 1961–1990 period. Climate and oceanographic statistics can be used for example when anomalies for current conditions need to be calculated and put in a historical context. In addition they help in decision-making when it is needed to approximate conditions months into the future. And lastly normal periods provide a way to monitor the progression of climate change. The calculation of the normal period statistics have been carried out following the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) guidelines. Like with previous normal periods, some stricter guidelines were followed nationally, for example in the way missing observations were handled. The period 1991–2020 is both nationally and internationally the official normal period before the next one covering 2001–2030 is taken into use.
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Templeton, J. L. Reductive coupling of carbon monoxide to C{sub 2} products. Progress report for the period, May 1, 1990--November 15, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139407.

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Kartha, Sivan, Eric Kemp-Benedict, Emily Ghosh, Anna Nazareth, and Tim Gore. The Carbon Inequality Era: An assessment of the global distribution of consumption emissions among individuals from 1990 to 2015 and beyond. Oxfam, Stockholm Environment Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6492.

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In the 25 years from 1990 to 2015, annual global carbon emissions grew by 60%, approximately doubling total global cumulative emissions. This has brought the world perilously close to exceeding 2°C of warming, and it is now on the verge of exceeding 1.5°C. This paper examines the starkly different contributions of different income groups to carbon emissions in this period. It draws on new data that provides much improved insight into global and national income inequality, combined with national consumption emissions over this 25-year period, to provide an analysis relating emissions to income levels for the populations of 117 countries. Future scenarios of carbon inequality are also presented based on different possible trajectories of economic growth and carbon emissions, highlighting the challenge of ensuring a more equitable distribution of the remaining and rapidly diminishing global carbon budget.
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