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Journal articles on the topic 'C 1980 to c 1990'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Fettweis, Xavier, Jason E. Box, Cécile Agosta, et al. "Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model." Cryosphere 11, no. 2 (2017): 1015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017.

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Abstract. With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP–NCARv1 (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis version 1; 1948–2015), NCEP–NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis; 1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2; 1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalyses. While all these forcing products are reanalyses that are assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR-simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) was, for example, needed at the MAR boundaries with ERA-20C (20CRv2) reanalysis, given that ERA-20C (20CRv2) is ∼ 1 °C colder (warmer) than ERA-Interim over Greenland during the period 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) near-surface observations support these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements, ice cores and satellite-derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing datasets for the simulation of the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR, suggesting that some improvements are still needed in its cloudiness and radiative schemes as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all MAR simulations indicate that (i) the period 1961–1990, commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics, is actually a period of anomalously positive SMB (∼ +40 Gt yr−1) compared to 1900–2010; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120-year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2-forced MAR simulations suggest a significant precipitation increase over 1900–1950, but this increase could be the result of an artefact in the reanalyses that are not well-enough constrained by observations during this period and (iv) since the 1980s, snowfall is quite stable after having reached a maximum in the 1970s. These MAR-based SMB and accumulation reconstructions are, however, quite similar to those from Box (2013) after 1930 and confirm that SMB was quite stable from the 1940s to the 1990s. Finally, only the ERA-20C-forced simulation suggests that SMB during the 1920–1930 warm period over Greenland was comparable to the SMB of the 2000s, due to both higher melt and lower precipitation than normal.
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2

Leibensperger, E. M., L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, et al. "Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (2011): 24127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-24127-2011.

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Abstract. We investigate the climate response to US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950 to 2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the potential warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period.
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3

Leibensperger, E. M., L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, et al. "Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 7 (2012): 3349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3349-2012.

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Abstract. We investigate the climate response to changing US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950–2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period.
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4

Carignan, Richard, Stéphane Lorrain, and Ken Lum. "A 50-yr Record of Pollution by Nutrients, Trace Metals, and Organic Chemicals in the St Lawrence River." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 5 (1994): 1088–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-108.

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The deposition chronology of algal pigments, organic C, N, P, trace metals, and organic contaminants (PCB congeners, DDD, DDE, Mirex, hexachlorobenzene) is described for two sites in fluvial lakes (St. Francis and St. Louis) of the St. Lawrence River. Pigment concentrations rapidly decrease in the top 10 cm due to degradation, but show a broad secondary peak consistent with higher primary productivity between 1960 and 1975. In Lake St. Francis, deposition of organic C, N, and P peaked between 1950 and 1975. In both lakes, trace metal concentrations reached maximum values between 1960 and 1970 and decreased considerably between 1970 and 1980. At both sites, surficial trace metal concentrations are approaching (within a factor of 3) those observed in preindustrial sediments except Cd, which is still 5–6 times higher. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn are inversely related (p < 0.05) to river discharge whereas those of Pb are positively related to discharge. Concentrations of organic contaminants have declined by a factor of 5–10 between the mid-1960's and the early 1980's, except Mirex, which shows no obvious trend with time. Historic trends in pollution by organic chemicals appear to have been influenced not only by changing anthropogenic inputs, but also by river discharge.
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5

Bondarenko, V., and O. Kornosenko. "PERIODIZATION OF THE ENTIRE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF FITNESS TRAINERS AS A SYSTEM." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 72 (August 16, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2018.72.176131.

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In the article with the help of methods of historical-retrospective, system analysis, study of the complex of historical (normative acts, scientific works on history, materials of scientificpractical conferences, etc.) and scientific and methodical (dissertations, monographs, textbooks, encyclopedic dictionaries, etc.) sources, generalization of pedagogical and coaching experience, the periodization of the formation of the system of professional education of fitness trainers was developed; the present state of programmer and normative provision of professional training fitness trainers is determined, and functions of their professional activity are distinguished out. There are three periods of formation of professional education of fitness trainers: unsystematic, systemic pre-professional, systemic-professional.First period – unsystematic – is an origin of health fitness directions: mental (yoga and its varieties (3 rd century B.C., ancient India), pilates (1920 s, USA), stretching (1950 s, Sweden); power (beginning of XX c., England); aerobic (beginning of XX c., France, Russia) and empiric experience spontaneous transmission to next generations with the methods of inheritance and chaotic distribution of motive activity, through the authorial health-improving training programs and methodologies.The second period – system pre-professional – is a combination of motive experience best standards, methods and facilities of physical development improvement and men’s health strengthening, that contain motive activity, active rest organization, physical preparedness perfection (1960-80ss., USA), in integral athletic health-improving system – health-improving fitness.Third period – system-professional – is a completion of separate fitness programs realization methodologies development and introduction of system approach to fitness trainers’ professional education; differentiation of fitness trainers’ preparation: in specialized commercial institutions based on principle of certification (first half of 1980 s, USA; second half of 1980 s, Great Britain and Germany; 1990 s, Russia, Ukraine and others) and in higher educational institutions (the end of 1990 s, European countries and USA; 2005, Ukraine).
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6

Choi, Young Eoun, Ji-In Kim, and Michał Brzeski. "Observations of some species of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) with proposals of new synonyms." Nematology 2, no. 3 (2000): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509141.

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AbstractFour species of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 are discussed and the following new synonyms are proposed. C. pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979, C. mutabilis Eroshenko, 1980 nec Taylor, 1936, C. striatellus Eroshenko, 1980, C. multiannulatus Eroshenko, 80, C. echinopanaxi Mukhina, 1981 and C. eroshenkoi Siddiqi, 1986 are considered as junior synonyms of C. annulatus Taylor, 1936; C. tulaganovi (Kirjanova, 1948) Raski, 1958, C. mongomorgum Darekar & Khan, 1979 and C. sabulosus Eroshenko, 1981 of C. informis (Micoletzky, 1922) Taylor, 1936; C. amorphus De Grisse, 1967 and C. tafoensis Luc, 1970 of C. mongolensis Andrássy, 1964. C. myungsugae (Choi & Geraert, 1975) Loof & De Grisse, 1989 is redescribed from paratypes.Quatre espèces de Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 sont discutées et de nouvelles synonymies sontproposées. C. pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979, C. mutabilis Eroshenko, 1980, nec Taylor, 1936, C. striatellus Eroshenko, 1980, C. multiannulatus Eroshenko, 1980, C. echinopanaxi Mukhina, 1981 et C. eroshenkoi Siddiqi, 1986 sont considérés comme synonymes mineurs de C. annulatus Taylor, 1936; C. tulaganovi (Kirjanova, 1948) Raski, 1958, C. mongomorgum Darekar & Khan, 1979 et C. sabulosus Eroshenko, 1981 de C. informis (Micoletzky, 1922) Taylor, 1936; C. amorphus De Grisse, 1967 et C. tafoensis Luc, 1970 de C. mongolensis Andrássy, 1964. C. myungsugae (Choi & Geraert, 1975) Loof & De Grisse, 1989 est redécrit à partir des paratypes.
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7

Pattenden, Hugh. "Britain and the Rhodesian Mercenary Issue, c.1970–1980." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 49, no. 4 (2021): 777–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2021.1896647.

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8

Guerra Manzo, Enrique. "La violencia en Tierra Caliente, Michoacán, c. 1940-1980." Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México 53 (January 2017): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehmcm.2017.01.004.

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9

Jones, Geoffrey, and Judith Wale. "Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield, c.1900–c.1980." Business History 41, no. 2 (1999): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076799900000258.

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10

Palumbo, George, Seymour Sacks, and Michael Wasylenko. "Population decentralization within metropolitan areas: 1970–1980." Journal of Urban Economics 27, no. 2 (1990): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(90)90012-c.

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11

De Avila, Arthur Lima. "O Passado Despedaçado: o espectro da fragmentação profissional na historiografia norte-americana (c.1980-c. 1990)." História da Historiografia: International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography 3, no. 4 (2010): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15848/hh.v0i4.81.

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Este artigo trata das reações dos historiadores norte-americanos à presumida fragmentação de sua disciplina durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, supostamente causada pela emergência da Nova História Social e dos chamados "estudos particularistas". O texto atenta principalmente para algumas das diversas tentativas de se escapar de tal situação e dos diversos chamamentos a sínteses capazes de dar conta da ampla especialização disciplinar daquele período. Da mesma maneira, este trabalho busca analisar algumas as repercussões políticas desta fragmentação, já que alguns historiadores viram nela a dissolução de uma história nacional única, botando em risco, assim, para a própria identidade nacional dos Estados Unidos.
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12

Kuloğlu, Ceyda. "The process of institutionalized women’s movement in Turkey." Journal of Human Sciences 17, no. 1 (2020): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i1.5949.

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1980s are the period that women’s movement in Turkey gained momentum relative to the previous years. Although the women’s movement and its institutionalization period were a near-perfect though in theory, it still has an importance to review the historical background of the women’s movement in Turkey for the contemporary and future studies. The reason for this is that most of the studies can remain in the descriptive study dimension due to the fact that they do not refer to the previous period of women’s movement and that they do not have the knowledge of their roots. The purpose of this review work in this context is to put forth the historical roots of the institutionalization of the women's movement in Turkey in order to shed light on the contemporary studies by using the historical background and to develop new strategies for contemporary policy with the help of the past experiences.
 In explaining the development of feminism in Turkey, different periodization studies were used. Some of them are: According to Sirman (1989); (a) The Ottoman Period (b) The first periods of the Republic (c) 1980s are 3 periods. According to Tekeli (1986); (a) Before Tanzimat (b) Tanzimat Period (c) The first years of the Republic and the period of one-party regime (d) From 1950 to the present four periods. According to Nizam (1993); (a) Before the War of Independence (b) After the War of Independence (c) After 1980.
 In this study, the development of the feminist movement in Turkey has been differentiated according to the position of women in society. In this context, five chapters have been formed from the pre-Islamic period, which is conceptualized as a very controversial milestone.
 
 The Position of Women in the Pre-Islamic Society
 The Position of Women after Islam and in Ottoman Empire
 The Position of Women in Society in the Republican Period
 The Position of Women in the 1980s and 1990s
 Women's Movement in Turkey in 2000s
 
 ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 Özet
 1980'ler Türkiye'deki kadın hareketinin önceki yıllara göre ivme kazandığı dönemdir. Her ne kadar kadın hareketi ve kurumsallaşma süresi teoride mükemmele yakın olsa da çağdaş ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için Türkiye'deki kadın hareketinin tarihsel arka planını gözden geçirmek hala önemlidir. Bunun nedeni, çalışmaların çoğunun, kadın hareketinin önceki dönemine değinmedikleri ve kökleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmadıkları için tanımlayıcı çalışma boyutunda kalabilmeleridir. Bu bağlamda yapılan bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, tarihsel arka planı kullanarak çağdaş çalışmalara ışık tutmak ve çağdaş politika için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek amacıyla Türkiye'deki kadın hareketinin kurumsallaşmasının tarihsel kökenlerini ortaya koymaktır.
 Türkiye'de feminizmin gelişimini açıklarken farklı dönemselleştirme çalışmaları kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan bazıları: Sirman'a göre (1989); (a) Osmanlı Dönemi (b) Cumhuriyet'in ilk dönemleri (c) 1980'ler 3 dönemdir. Tekeli'ye (1986) göre; (a) Tanzimat Öncesi (b) Tanzimat Dönemi (c) Cumhuriyet'in ilk yılları ve tek parti rejimi dönemi (d) 1950'den günümüze kadar olan dört dönem. Nizam'a (1993) göre; (a) Kurtuluş Savaşı'ndan önce (b) Kurtuluş Savaşı'ndan sonra (c) 1980'den sonra.
 Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki feminist hareketin gelişimi kadınların toplumdaki konumuna göre farklılaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çok tartışmalı bir dönüm noktası olarak kavramsallaştırılan beş bölüm oluşturulmuştur:
 
 Kadınların İslam Öncesi Toplumdaki Konumu
 Kadınların İslam Sonrası ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Konumu
 Cumhuriyet Döneminde Kadınların Toplumdaki Yeri
 1980’ler ve 1990’larda Kadınların Konumu
 2000’li Yıllarda Türkiye’de Kadın Hareketi
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13

Canizales Viril, Rolando. "EL FENÓMENO DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS GUERRILLEROS EN HONDURAS. EL CASO DEL MOVIMIENTO POPULAR DE LIBERACIÒN CINCHONERO (1980-1990)." Diálogos Revista Electrónica 9 (January 20, 2008): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/dre.v9i0.31329.

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En la siguiente reseña se hace un breve recorrido por la historia política y social de Hondurasdel siglo XX para explicar el surgimiento de movimientos guerrilleros revolucionarios a finalesde la década de 1970 y principios de 1980, haciendo hincapié en el Movimiento Popular deLiberación “Cinchonero” (MPL-C). Se explican las dificultades que afrontó este grupo políticoante el reformismo de la cultura política hondureña y las particularidades de la sociedad rural.Asimismo se muestran evidencias de cómo el carácter excluyente de las elecciones de 1980-1981que marcan la transición a los gobiernos civiles, reduce la eficacia de estas como posible factorde equilibrio social. Meritoria es también la influencia que ejercieron movimientos sociales depaíses vecinos, sobre todo de El Salvador, en la conformación del MPL-C.
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14

COLONNELLI, ENZO. "A revised checklist of Italian Curculionoidea (Coleoptera)." Zootaxa 337, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.337.1.1.

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A list of Curculionoidea (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae, Erirhinidae, Raymondionymidae, Dryoph-thoridae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae) thus far known from Italy is drawn up, updating that by Abbazzi et al. published in 1995. Distributional data of each species are given for broad regions such as northern, central, southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. New synonymies are: Acentrotypus laevigatus (Kirby, 1808) (= A. brunnipes (Boheman, 1839), syn.nov.), Ceutorhynchus talickyi Korotyaev, 1980 (= C. strejceki Dieckmann, 1981, syn. nov.), Ceutorhynchus pallipes Crotch,1866 (= Curculio minutus Reich, 1797 not Drury, [1773], syn. nov.; = Curculio contractus Marsham, 1802 not Fourcroy, 1785, syn. nov.), Dodecastichus consentaneus (Boheman, 1843) (= D. c. latialis (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. c. dimorphus (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. c. pentricus Di Marco & Osella, 2001, syn. nov.), Dodecastichus dalmatinus (Gyllenhal, 1843) (= D. d. lauri (Stierlin, 1861), syn. nov.), Dodecastichus mastix (Olivier, 1807) (= D. m. perlongus (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. m. scabrior (Reitter, 1913), syn. nov.), Dorytomus Germar, 1817 (= D. subgen. Chaetodorytomus Iablokov-Khnzorian, 1970, syn. nov.; = D. subgen. Euolamus Reitter, 1916, syn. nov.; = D. subgen. Olamus Reitter, 1916, syn. nov.), Exapion Bedel, 1887 (= Ulapion Ehret, 1997, syn. nov.), Larinus ursus (Fabricius, 1792) (= L. carinirostris Gyllenhal, 1837, syn. nov.; = L. genei Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.), Lixini Schönherr, 1823 (= Rhinocyllini Lacordaire, 1863, syn. nov.), Metacinops rhinomacer Kraatz, 1862 (= M. calabrus Stierlin, 1892, syn. nov.), Microplontus nigrovittatus (Schultze,1901) (= Ceutorhynchus subfasciatus Chevrolat, 1860 not Schönherr, 1826, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus amicalis cenomanus Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. a. lessinicus (Osella, 1983) not O. lessinicus Franz, 1938, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus anophthalmoides omeros nom. nov. (= O. a. istriensis (F. Solari, 1955) not Germar, 1824, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus anthracinus (Scopoli, 1763) (= O. calabrus Stierlin, 1880, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus armadillo (Rossi, 1792) (= O. halbherri Stierlin, 1890, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus clibbianus Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. judicariensis (Osella, 1983) not Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus cornicinus Stierlin, 1861 (= Curculio laevigatus Fabricius, 1792 not Paykull, 1792, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus fortis Rosenhauer, 1847 (= O. fortis valarsae Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus nodosus (O. F. Müller, 1764) (= O. nodosus comosellus Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.; = O. nodosus gobanzi Gredler, 1868, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus pupillatus Gyllenhal, 1834 (= O. p. angustipennis Stierlin, 1883, syn. nov.; = O. venetus F. Solari, 1947, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus serradae Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. carinatus (Osella 1983) not (Paykull, 1792), syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus strigirostris Boheman, 1843 (= O. aterrimus : Di Marco & Osella, 2002 not Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.; = O. calvus Fiori, 1899, syn. nov.), O. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775) (= O. linearis Stierlin, 1861, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus tenebricosus (Herbst, 1784) (= O. olivieri Abbazzi & Osella, 1992, syn. nov.), Phrydiuchus augusti Colonnelli, nom. nov. (= Ceuthorrhynchus speiseri Schultze, 1897 not C. speiseri Frivaldszkyi, 1894, syn. nov.), Phyllobius maculicornis Germar, 1824 (= P. m. lucanus Solari & Solari, 1903, syn. nov.), Phyllobius pyri (Linné, 1758) (= P. vespertinus (Fabricius, 1792), syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Chaerodrys Jacquelin du Val, [1854] (= P. subgen. Metadrosus Schilsky, 1910, syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Eudipnus C. G. Thomson, 1859 (= P. subgen. Chrysoyphis Gozis, 1882, syn. nov.; P. subgen. Thomsoneonymus Desbrochers, 1902, syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Eurodrusus Korotyaev & Meleshko, 1997 (= P. subgen. Neoeustolus Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999, syn. nov.), Polydrusus armipes Brullé, 1832 (= P. a. faillae Desbrochers, 1859, syn. nov.), Pseudomyllocerus invreae invreae (F. Solari, 1948) (= Curculio cinerascens Fabricius, 1792 not [Gmelin], 1790], syn. nov. ), Zacladus Reitter, 1916 (= Z. subgen. Amurocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Angarocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Gobicladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Scythocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.). New placements are: Amalini Wagner, 1936 as a tribe from synonymy under Ceutorhynchini; Acentrotypus Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Aizobius Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Aspidapion Schilsky, 1901, Catapion Schilsky, 1906, Ceratapion Schilsky, 1901, Cistapion Wagner, 1924,Cyanapion Bokor, 1923, Diplapion Reitter, 1916, Eutrichapion Reitter, 1916, Exapion Bedel, 1887, Helianthemapion Wagner, 1930, Hemitrichapion Voss, 1959, Holotrichapion Györffy, 1956, Ischnopterapion Bokor, 1923, Ixapion Roudier & Tempère,1973, Kalcapion Schilsky, 1906, Lepidapion Schilsky, 1906, Melanapion Wagner, 1930, Mesotrichapion Györffy, 1956, Metapion Schilsky, 1906, Omphalapion Schilsky, 1901, Onychapion Schilsky, 1901, Oryxolaemus AlonsoZarazaga, 1990, Osellaeus Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Perapion Wagner, 1907, Phrissotrichum Schilsky, 1901, Pirapion Reitter, 1916, Protapion Schilsky, 1908, Pseudapion Schilsky, Pseudoperapion Wagner, 1930, Pseudoprotapion Ehret, 1990, Pseudostenapion Wagner, 1930, Rhodapion AlonsoZarazaga, 1990, Squamapion Bokor, 1923, Stenopterapion Bokor, 1923, Synapion Schilsky, 1902, Taeniapion Schilsky, 1906, Trichopterapion Wagner, 1930, all as genera from subgenera of Apion Herbst, 1797; Aspidapion subgen. Koestlinia Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 and Phryssotrichum subgen. Schilskyapion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 from synonymy with Apion Herbst, 1797; Phyllobius italicus Solari & Solari, 1903 and Phyllobius reicheidius Desbrochers, 1873, both from subspecies of P. pyri (Linné, 1758); Mogulones aubei (Boheman, 1845) as a valid species from synonymy with M. talbum (Gyllenhal, 1837); Styphlidius italicus Osella, 1981 as species from subspecies of S. corcyreus (Reitter, 1884). Otiorhynchus subgen. Presolanus Pesarini, 2001 is here selected over O. subgen. Pesolanus Pesarini, 2001, alternative original spelling, here rejected. The incorrect original spelling Otiorhynchus nocturnus peetzi Franz, 1938 is emended in O. n. peezi. New combination are: Eremiarhinus (Depresseremiarhinus) dilatatus (Fabricius, 1801), comb. nov.; Eremiarinus (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis (Boheman, 1834) jarrigei (Roudier, 1959); E. (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis luciae (Ragusa, 1883), comb. nov.; E. (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis peninsularis (F. Solari, 1940), comb. nov.; E. (Pseudorhinus) laesirostris (Fairmaire, 1859), comb. nov., all resulting from the new placement of Depresseremiarhinus Pic, 1914 and of Pseudorhinus Melichar, 1923 as subgenera of Eremiarhinus Fairmaire, 1876. The subfamilial name Phytonominae Gistel, 1848 is used as valid over Hyperinae Marseul, 1863. Nomenclatural changes published from 1992 to date, and affecting Italian weevils are also listed.
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15

von Klimo, Arpad. "The Cult of Our Lady of Fátima, Portuguese Colonialism, and Migration, c. 1930–c. 1980." Religions 15, no. 3 (2024): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15030255.

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Emerging in 1917 amidst the anxieties of World War I, the Cult of Our Lady of Fátima began with a vision witnessed by three shepherd children in rural Portugal. News of the apparition quickly spread, drawing hundreds, then thousands of pilgrims to the Cova da Iria. This potent symbol of faith soon transcended its origin, migrating in the form of venerated statues and dedicated shrines that sprouted across the globe. Particularly intertwined with Portuguese emigration, the cult’s reach extended to former colonies in Africa and Asia (“Ultramar”) and distant communities like Brazil. Statues of Our Lady became beacons of familiarity and solace, offering “homes away from home” for displaced populations. This essay focuses on the discourses surrounding the cult between the early 1930s and 1950s, exploring how Fátima served as a focal point for navigating the social, political, and cultural conflicts inherent in the emigration experience.
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16

Hale, Jack K. "Lamberto Cesari (1910–1990)." Journal of Differential Equations 96, no. 2 (1992): ii—202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0396(92)90151-c.

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17

Heimann, R., D. Ferguson, C. Powers, D. Suri, R. R. Weichselbaum, and S. Hellman. "Race and clinical outcome in breast cancer in a series with long-term follow-up evaluation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 6 (1997): 2329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.6.2329.

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PURPOSE To compare the outcome of African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) breast cancer patients who had equivalent disease extent and were similarly treated. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared prognostic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 1,037 C and 481 AA breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy between 1946 and 1987. The median follow-up duration was 15.6 years. RESULTS During the study period, there was a successive increase in the percent of patients who presented with early breast cancer. Between 1980 and 1987, 35.1% AA versus 47.6% C patients had < or = 2-cm tumors and 50.0% AA versus 61.9% C patients were node-negative, while between 1946 and 1959, 27.7% AA and 31.3% C had < or = 2-cm tumors and 41.5% AA versus 40.4% C patients were node-negative. The treatments were similar during the study period. The 20-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of AA compared with C patients with node-negative < or = 2-cm, 2.1- to 4-cm, and greater than 4-cm tumors and of patients with one to three and > or = four positive nodes was not significantly different. Equal-size tumors had similar proportion of positive axillary nodes in AA compared with C patients. The DFS for AA patients compared with C patients was similar in the periods 1946 to 1959, 1960 to 1969, and 1970 to 1979, but was lower between 1980 and 1987 (P = .02). In multivariable analysis, race was not a significant variable. CONCLUSION In this large group of uniformly treated breast cancer patients, race was not an independent factor that influenced outcome. The racial differences seen between 1980 and 1987 are likely because of a larger percent of greater than 2-cm and node-positive tumors in AA patients. Education and access to early diagnosis should reduce or eliminate the racial differences seen.
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18

VAGALINSKI, BOYAN, and ESZTER LAZÁNYI. "Revision of the millipede tribe Brachyiulini Verhoeff, 1909 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), with descriptions of new taxa." Zootaxa 4421, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4421.1.1.

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A comprehensive taxonomic revision of the circum-Mediterranean julid tribe Brachyiulini is undertaken. A total of 13 genera and 103 species are assigned to the tribe. One new genus, one new subgenus, and 10 new species are described from Greece, Turkey or Iran: Byzantorhopalum (Byzantorhopalum) elephantum sp. n., B. (Ioniulus) clavamum subgen. n., sp. n., Cyphobrachyiulus (Cyphobrachyiulus) spartanus sp. n., C. (Diaxylus) graecus sp. n., Graecoiulus skopelius gen. n., sp. n., Italoiulus poseidoni sp. n., Omobrachyiulus strasseri sp. n., Pontobrachyiulus falciferus sp. n., P. lohmanderi sp. n., Syriobrachyiulus golovatchi sp. n. 13 species are redescribed in detail, while the descriptions of another 36 species are complemented. The genera Anaulaciulus Pocock, 1895 and Mammamia Akkari et al., 2011 are formally excluded from the Brachyiulini. The following former subgenera of the genus MegaphyllumVerhoeff, 1894 are elevated to full genera: Byzantorhopalum Verhoeff, 1930, Cyphobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1900, Iraniulus Attems, 1951, Italoiulus Attems, 1940, Omobrachyiulus Lohmander, 1936, Pontobrachyiulus Lohmander, 1936, Syriobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1930. The genera Acropoditius Strasser, 1980 and Rhamphidoiulus Attems, 1905 are downgraded to subgenera of the genus Cyphobrachyiulus. The subgenera Phauloiulus Attems, 1940 and Persebrachyiulus Golovatch, 1983 are new subjective synonyms of Byzantorhopalum Verhoeff, 1930 and Syriobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1930, respectively. The monophyly of the Brachyiulini in its current taxonomic composition is proven by morphological data, and supported by molecular and spermatological data in addition. The biogeographic affinities of the different tribal subgroups are briefly discussed.
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19

M.F. McCarthy, S. J., and V. M. Blanco. "Charting cool carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 148 (1991): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900200818.

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We describe the preparation of charts and positions for 1035 cool red giant carbon stars discovered by the authors in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Not considered here are Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) carbon stars, nor the M-type giants found in the LMC and SMC (Blanco et al. 1980, Blanco & McCarthy 1983). Charts of the C stars discovered are available in three formats: (a) 12 charts contain 186 C stars discovered in three central LMC regions (Blanco et al. 1980); (b) charts of C and late M stars in 52 LMC regions; these charts will not be published but are available from the authors (Blanco & McCarthy 1983, discussion); and (c) charts for 849 individual C stars in 49 regions of LMC (Blanco & McCarthy 1990).
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20

Geerkens, Eric. "D’opportuns silences : la statistique lacunaire du risque professionnel dans les charbonnages belges (c. 1930-c. 1980)." Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 97, no. 4 (2019): 1255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2019.9374.

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21

Armstrong, N. "Divorce and the English Clergy c.1970-1990." Twentieth Century British History 26, no. 2 (2014): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwu062.

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22

Loveman, Brian. "¿Mision Cumplida? Civil Military Relations and the Chilean Political Transition." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 3 (1991): 35–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165933.

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The armed forces have reconstructed authentic democracy. They have once again definitively carried out their mission…. I love this country more than Life itself.Captain General Augusto Pinochet11 September 1989The Constitution of 1980 does not meet, in its elaboration of the manner in which it was ratified, the essential conditions required by constitutional doctrine for the existence of a legitimate political order based on the rule of law.Francisco Cumplido C. (1983)Minister of Justice (1990)On 11 March 1990, Patricio Aylwin took office as Chile's first elected president since 1970. Chile thus joined the list of Latin American nations making a transition from military to civilian government. Like the civilian governments in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia, El Salvador and Guatemala, Chile's new government faced the challenge of returning the armed forces to a less central role in politics and reducing their institutional prerogatives.
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23

Sanguin, André-Louis. "Pellegrini, Giacomo C. et Brusa, Carlo, éds (1980) Italian Geography 1960-1980. Varese, Ask Edizioni, 312 p." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 29, no. 77 (1985): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021737ar.

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24

Joveleviths, D., L. Fujii, G. Marques, Á. Merlo, P. Fabris, and D. Trindade. "P.286 Hepatitis C in former soccer players from 1950 to 1980." Journal of Clinical Virology 36 (January 2006): S150—S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80466-x.

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25

TOYODA, H., T. KUMADA, K. TAKAGUCHI, N. SHIMADA, and J. TANAKA. "Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Japan." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 12 (2014): 2624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814000478.

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SUMMARYGenotypes are associated with the natural course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to antiviral therapy for HCV. HCV genotype 1b has been the dominant genotype in Japan, where the prevention of HCV transmission through blood transfusion or nosocomial infection has been established since 1990. The distribution of HCV genotype was investigated based on patient's birth year in 5515 HCV-infected Japanese individuals at three institutions from different areas of Japan. At all three institutions, the proportion of HCV genotype 1b decreased and was <50% in individuals born after 1970. By contrast, the percentage of HCV genotype 2b increased in subsequent birth cohorts after 1920–1929. Significant changes in HCV genotype distribution were observed across Japan regardless of area.
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26

Weisman, Henry W. J., Marian Steen, and Ralph Aquila. "Psychiatric consultations to HIV patients, 1980–1990: C-L strategies of a changing epidemic." General Hospital Psychiatry 13, no. 6 (1991): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(91)90099-i.

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27

Yaméogo, Joseph, and Songanaba Rouamba. "Extreme Temperature in Burkina Faso: Decadal Spatio-Temporal Changes Between 1960 and 2019." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (2023): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).43.

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Studies carried out in Burkina Faso focus on rainfall, leaving aside those relating to maximum temperatures, which can have repercussions on human health and the environment. The main objective of this study is to analyse the dynamics of maximum temperatures between 1960 and 2019, using Worldclim satellite data on maximum temperatures. Data processing was based on zonal statistics and spatial analyses, using QGIS software. The study shows that maximum temperatures increased between 1969 and 2019. Average maximum temperatures were high during the period 1960-1969, at 35°C. Thereafter, average maximum temperatures fell to 33°C between 1970 and 1979 and 32°C between 1980 and 1999. However, they rose again between 200-2019, with maximum temperatures of 34°C. These maximum temperatures vary very little (CV less than 20%) over the period 1969-2019. Seasonal variability in maximum temperatures has also been observed, with a significant increase in maximum temperatures during the dry season compared with the rainy season. It is therefore important for the government of Burkina Faso to take urgent measures to protect vulnerable groups (the elderly and children) from heat waves resulting from rising maximum temperatures.
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28

Takuva, Tinashe. "The Development of Christian Care Aid in Zimbabwe: The Case of Matabeleland Region, 1967-c.1990." Historia 68, no. 2 (2024): 96–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2023/v68n2a4.

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The organisation, Christian Care, was formed during Zimbabwe's liberation war in 1967 to disburse emergency aid to victims of the war and political repression. From 1967 to about 1990, it provided emergency relief and charity aid to victims of war and the marginalised people in Zimbabwe. This article explores the development of Christian Care aid from its inception to around 1990, tracing the changes over time. It shows how Christian Care managed to respond to the situation on the ground even when such an agenda was not in line with what the government of the day practised. Between 1967 and 1980, Christian Care's aid was largely emergency based, assisting war victims with food, clothes and money. After 1980, the nature and composition of aid changed to development projects such as drilling of boreholes, construction of schools, clinics and dams and assisting communities to set up income generating projects like market gardens. Using a qualitative research methodology with predominantly archival sources, I explore the development of Christian Care aid in the Matabeleland region of Zimbabwe, demonstrating how the organisation provided assistance to the repressed and marginalised.
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29

Peires, Jeff. "Political myth and historical reality in Nelson Mandela’s Long road to freedom." New Contree 86 (July 30, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v86i0.21.

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P Bonner, “The headman, the regent and the ‘Long walk to freedom’”, Journal of Southern African Studies (2019); DS Yekela, “Unity and division: Aspects of the History of the AbaThembu chieftainship, c.1920 to c.1980” (PhD), University of Cape Town, 2011); DS Yekela, “AbaThembu politics: The era of the regents (1920-1954)”, Bulletin of the National Library of South Africa, 73(1), June 2019.
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30

VASANTH, M., C. SELVAKUMAR, K. A. SUBRAMANIAN, K. G. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, and BIKRAMJIT SINHA. "Contribution to the study of Epeorus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India." Zootaxa 4991, no. 3 (2021): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.3.4.

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Seven species of the genus Epeorus Eaton, 1881 are described so far from India of which redescription is attempted herein for 3 species viz. E. (C.) psi Eaton 1883, E. (E.) gilliesi Braasch 1981, E. (E.) petersi Sivaruban, Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan 2013 based on the fresh collections. Four species viz., E. (E.) aculeatus Braasch 1990, E. (E.) bifurcatus Braasch & Soldán 1979, E. (E.) unicornutus Braasch 2006 and E. (E.) unispinosus Braasch 1980 are new records to this country. Totally, 11 species of the genus Epeorus from India are dealt with herein of which six belongs to the subgenus Epeorus viz. E. (E.) aculeatus Braasch 1990, E. (E.) bifurcatus Braasch & Soldán 1979, E. (E.) gilliesi Braasch, 1981 and E. (E.) petersi Sivaruban, Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan 2013, E. (E.) unispinosus Braasch 1980, E. (E.) unicornutus Braasch 2006 and four to the subgenus Caucasiron viz., E. (C.) kapurkripalanorum Braasch 1983, E. (C.) papillatus Braasch, 2006a, E. (C.) psi Eaton 1883 which larva is described in details for the first time and E. (C.) suspicatus Braasch, 2006b . The subgeneric status of E. lahaulensis Kapur & Kripalani 1963 cannot be fixed due to non-availability of larval description. A dichotomous key to the larvae of available species in India is presented. Distribution of subgenera and species within India is discussed.
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31

Domingues, Beatriz Helena. "História e literatura na busca pela identidade na América Latina no século XX: a visão de Richard Morse." História da Historiografia: International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography 4, no. 7 (2011): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15848/hh.v0i7.291.

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Este ensaio aborda a produção latinoamericanista e brasilianista dos anos 1990 sobre a problemática da identidade na América Latina e Brasil, com ênfase na interpretação do historiador norteamericano Richard Morse em “The Multiverse of Latin American Identity, c.1920-c. 1970”, publicado em 1995 e ainda inédito em português. Sua interpretação é comparada com a do crítico literário britânico Gerald Martin, “Narrative since 1920", de 1998. Ambos fornecem uma visão ao mesmo tempo panorâmica e analítica de autores e obras que pensaram a problemática, chamando atenção para a importância do Modernismo, com destaque para o diálogo entre história e literatura que caracterizou o movimento.
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32

Frank, Patrick. "LiG Metrology, Correlated Error, and the Integrity of the Global Surface Air-Temperature Record." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135976.

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The published 95% uncertainty of the global surface air-temperature anomaly (GSATA) record through 1980 is impossibly less than the 2σ = ±0.25 °C lower limit of laboratory resolution of 1 °C/division liquid-in-glass (LiG) thermometers. The ~0.7 °C/century Joule-drift of lead- and soft-glass thermometer bulbs renders unreliable the entire historical air-temperature record through the 19th century. A circa 1900 Baudin meteorological spirit thermometer bulb exhibited intense Pb X-ray emission lines (10.55, 12.66, and 14.76 keV). Uncorrected LiG thermometer non-linearity leaves 1σ = ±0.27 °C uncertainty in land-surface air temperatures prior to 1981. The 2σ = ±0.43 °C from LiG resolution and non-linearity obscures most of the 20th century GSATA trend. Systematic sensor-measurement errors are highly pair-wise correlated, possibly across hundreds of km. Non-normal distributions of bucket and engine-intake difference SSTs disconfirm the assumption of random measurement error. Semivariogram analysis of ship SST measurements yields half the error difference mean, ±½Δε1,2, not the error mean. Transfer-function adjustment following a change of land station air-temperature sensor eliminates measurement independence and forward-propagates the antecedent uncertainty. LiG resolution limits, non-linearity, and sensor field calibrations yield GSATA mean ±2σ RMS uncertainties of, 1900–1945, ±1.7 °C; 1946–1980, ±2.1 °C; 1981–2004, ±2.0 °C; and 2005–2010, ±1.6 °C. Finally, the 20th century (1900–1999) GSATA, 0.74 ± 1.94 °C, does not convey any information about rate or magnitude of temperature change.
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33

SANKARAN, PRADEEP M., and POTHALIL A. SEBASTIAN. "The South Asian millipede genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Sulciferini): redescriptions and synonymies." Zootaxa 4350, no. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.1.3.

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The South Asian millipede genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 is diagnosed and its relationship with Parchondromorpha Jeekel, 1980 is established. The species C. atopus (Chamberlin, 1920) and C. indus (Chamberlin, 1920), as well as the subspecies C. kelaarti kelaarti (Humbert, 1865), C. kelaarti longipes (Verhoeff, 1936) and C. kelaarti valparaiensis (Carl, 1932) are recognised as junior synonyms of C. kelaarti (Humbert, 1865), thereby reducing the total number of Chondromorpha spp. in India to four: C. kaimura Turk, 1947, C. kelaarti, C. mammifera Attems, 1936 and C. severini Silvestri, 1897 (the type-species). Two species, C. kelaarti and C. mammifera, are redescribed and illustrated in detail. All four Indian Chondromorpha spp. are keyed, and the known distribution records of C. kelaarti and C. mammifera are mapped.
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34

Cardoso, Sílvia Oliveira, and Heitor Leal Machado. "“A Galeria do Amor”: Cidade, corpo e emoções na música de Agnaldo Timóteo." C-Legenda - Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação em Cinema e Audiovisual, no. 33 (December 16, 2015): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/c-legenda.v0i33.26332.

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Nos anos 1970, a Galeria Alaska funcionava como um espaço de sociabilidade homoafetiva na Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Enquanto o discurso jornalístico representava o local como perigoso e mal frequentado, na canção “Galeria do Amor”, de Agnaldo Timóteo, o espaço dava lugar a encontros, paqueras e prazeres. Procuramos desenvolver um breve ensaio sobre a narrativa emocional da canção, destacando aspectos que julgamos relevante para o estudo das “emoções diferentes” da heteronormatividade e suas expressões corporais na cidade, construídas socialmente e mediadas pela indústria cultural. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, examinamos, além da letra da música, o registro audiovisual de uma apresentação do cantor em programa televisivo nos anos 1980 e a capa do disco em que foi lançada a música, material que nos permite pensar também sobre o corpo midiatizado.
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JONES, GEOFFREY. "Blonde and blue-eyed? Globalizing beauty, c.1945–c.1980." Economic History Review 61, no. 1 (2008): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00388.x.

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36

Speight, Sarah. "Residential Archaeology and Local History in British University Adult Education c.1940–1980." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 9, no. 2 (2003): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.9.2.6.

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37

Álvaro Moya, Adoración. "Internationalisation and political bargaining under oligopoly: International Harvester in Spain (c. 1900–1980)." Business History 52, no. 3 (2010): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791003721605.

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38

Van Wolputte, Steven. "Cattle Works: Livestock Policy, Apartheid and Development in Northwest Namibia, c 1920–1980." African Studies 66, no. 1 (2007): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020180701275972.

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39

HANNA, ERIKA. "Seeing like a cyclist: visibility and mobility in modern Dublin, c. 1930–1980." Urban History 42, no. 2 (2014): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926814000716.

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ABSTRACTThis article explores the visibility of the cyclist in Dublin from the 1930s to the 1980s. This visibility is explored in three ways: how the historian can and has apprehended the figure of the cyclist within the city, how the cyclist made him or herself visible within the urban environment and how cyclists were seen within techniques and conventions of urban planning. I suggest that a close examination of the place of the cyclist within the city provides a suggestive tool for understanding the implicit assumptions of urban change at mid-century.
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40

Liu, Binhui, Ming Xu, Mark Henderson, Ye Qi, and Yiqing Li. "Taking China's Temperature: Daily Range, Warming Trends, and Regional Variations, 1955–2000." Journal of Climate 17, no. 22 (2004): 4453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/3230.1.

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Abstract In analyzing daily climate data from 305 weather stations in China for the period from 1955 to 2000, the authors found that surface air temperatures are increasing with an accelerating trend after 1990. They also found that the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature increased at a rate of 1.27° and 3.23°C (100 yr)−1 between 1955 and 2000. Both temperature trends were faster than those reported for the Northern Hemisphere, where Tmax and Tmin increased by 0.87° and 1.84°C (100 yr)−1 between 1950 and 1993. The daily temperature range (DTR) decreased rapidly by −2.5°C (100 yr)−1 from 1960 to 1990; during that time, minimum temperature increased while maximum temperature decreased slightly. Since 1990, the decline in DTR has halted because Tmax and Tmin increased at a similar pace during the 1990s. Increased minimum and maximum temperatures were most pronounced in northeast China and were lowest in the southwest. Cloud cover and precipitation correlated poorly with the decreasing temperature range. It is argued that a decline in solar irradiance better explains the decreasing range of daily temperatures through its influence on maximum temperature. With declining solar irradiance even on clear days, and with decreases in cloud cover, it is posited that atmospheric aerosols may be contributing to the changing solar irradiance and trends of daily temperatures observed in China.
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41

Calmet Schwartzmann, Fernando H., and Fernando H. Calmet Bruhn. "Hepatitis C." Diagnóstico 56, no. 1 (2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v56i1.119.

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El virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es un virus monocatenario ARN perteneciente al género Hepacivirus de la familia Flaviviridae. En la década de 1970, tras el descubrimiento de hepatitis Ay B, se hizo claro que había casos de hepatitis post-transfusión que no podían ser explicados por estos virus, llevando a la descripción de hepatitis "no A, no B". No fue hasta 1989 que se aisló el VHC por primera vez y entre 1990 y 1992 se desarrolló y refinó una prueba de anticuerpos anti-VHC que fue implementado en los bancos de sangre, llevando a una gran reducción de la transmisión de este virus a nivel mundial. Desde entonces ha habido una proliferación de nuevos antivirales directos que han revolucionado el manejo de la hepatitis C, asociados a una eficacia que se aproxima a 100% y con efectos adversos mínimos.
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42

Calmet Schwartzmamn, Fernando H., and Fernando H. Calmet Bruhn. "Hepatitis C." Diagnóstico 56, no. 1 (2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v56i1.166.

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El virus de hepatitis C (VHC) es un virus monocatenario ARN perteneciente al género Hepacivirus de la familia Flaviviridae. En la década de 1970, tras el descubrimiento de hepatitis A y B, se hizo claro que había casos de hepatitis post-transfusión que no podían ser explicados por estos virus, llevando a la descripción de hepatitis ''no A, no B''. No fue hasta 1989 que se aisló el VHC por primera vez y emtre 1990 y 1992 se desarrolló y refinó una prueba de anticuerpos anti-VHC que fue implementado en los bancos de sangre, llevando a una gran reducción de la transmisión de este virus a nivel mundial. Desde entonces ha habido una proliferación de nuevos antivirales directos que han revolucionado el manejo de la hepatitis C, asociados a una eficacia que se aproxima a 100% y con efectos afversos mínimos.
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43

Uimonen, Heikki. "Masa, mankka ja mä : c-kasetti kuuntelukulttuurin muuttajana 1970-1990." Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 25, no. 4 (2012): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.121159.

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Banshchikova, L. S., and A. E. Sumachev. "The air temperature variability during the cold period on the Kola Peninsula as modification factor of the ice regime." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, no. 3 (2021): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-3-397-405.

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The paper considers the long-term spatial and temporal air temperature variability on the Kola Peninsula according to 26 hydro-meteorological stations and the ice regime of rivers according to 13 hydrological stations for 1950—2018 (base period 1950—1980, and control period 1981—2018). The cold season of the year on the Kola Peninsula lasts from October to the first decade of May, the average temperature for the season is –6.2°C. The average increase in air temperature during the cold season was 1.1 °C.
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Evora, Paulo Roberto B., Julio Nather, Paulo Victor Tubino, Agnes Afrodite S. Albuquerque, Andrea Carla Celotto, and Alfredo J. Rodrigues. "Curbing Inflammation in the Ischemic Heart Disease." International Journal of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/183061.

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A modern concept considers acute coronary syndrome as an autoinflammatory disorder. From the onset to the healing stage, an endless inflammation has been presented with complex, multiple cross-talk mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Inflammatory response following acute myocardial infarction has been well documented since the 1940s and 1950s, including increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the C-reactive protein analysis, and the determination of serum complement. It is surprising to note, based on a wide literature overview including the following 30 years (decades of 1960, 1970, and 1980), that the inflammatory acute myocardium infarction lost its focus, virtually disappearing from the literature reports. The reversal of this historical process occurs in the 1990s with the explosion of studies involving cytokines. Considering the importance of inflammation in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease, the aim of this paper is to present a conceptual overview in order to explore the possibility of curbing this inflammatory process.
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Mosgalik, Inès. "Sur la figure du « consomma(c)teur » d'électricité dans les années 1970 et 1980." Annales historiques de l’électricité 12, no. 1 (2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ahe.012.0093.

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Parlevliet, Sanne. "Remediating history: assessing the past in Dutch historical fiction for children c. 1960–1980." Paedagogica Historica 54, no. 4 (2017): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2017.1397715.

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Ramos, Rui. ""O Império que nunca existiu": a cultura da descolonização em Portugal:C.1960-C.1980." Revista de História das Ideias 28 (2007): 429–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_28_17.

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Ortolano, Guy. "Breaking Ranks: C. P. Snow and the Crisis of Mid-Century Liberalism, 1930–1980." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 41, no. 2-3 (2016): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2016.1223577.

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Jury, Mark R. "Marine climate change over the eastern Agulhas Bank of South Africa." Ocean Science 16, no. 6 (2020): 1529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1529-2020.

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Abstract. The rate of change in the marine environment over the eastern Agulhas Bank along the south coast of South Africa (32–37∘ S, 20–30∘ E) is studied using reanalysis observations for 1900–2015 and coupled ensemble model projections for 1980–2100. Outcomes are influenced by resolution and time span: ∼ 1∘ datasets covering the whole period capture large-scale changes, while ∼ 0.5∘ datasets in the satellite era better distinguish the cross-shelf gradients. Although sea surface temperatures offshore are warming rapidly (0.05 ∘C yr−1 since 1980), a trend toward easterly winds and a locally stronger Agulhas Current have intensified nearshore upwelling (−0.03 ∘C yr−1). The subtropical ridge is gradually moving poleward, leading to a drier climate.
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