Dissertations / Theses: 'C. arabica'

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Alves, Sandriel Trindade. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para diferenciação de café torrado arábica (C. arabica) e Conilon (C. canephora) e misturas." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, 2004. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000100198.

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O elevado valor comercial do café arábica é um atrativo a adição fraudulenta de café conilon. Os grãos v O elevado valor comercial do café arábica é um atrativo a adição fraudulenta de café conilon. Os grãos verdes podem ser visualmente identificados, porém, após torra e moagem não é possível o uso desse critério. Como pertencem ao mesmo gênero, as espécies possuem poucas diferenças na composição para detecção e/ou quantificação da adição. Na literatura existem várias técnicas para diferenciação, algumas muito complexas, exigindo o uso de equipamentos sofisticados. Como a avaliação de um único parâmetro não permite discriminação adequada, é interessante o emprego de Estatística Multivariada. O objetivo do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para diferenciação de café torrado arábica (C. arabica) e conilon (C. canephora) e suas misturas. As amostras foram submetidas à torra média e, após a moagem, foram preparadas misturas, adicionando-se 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 50 % de café conilon ao arábica (IAPAR-59). No método espectrofotométrico, as amostras foram saponificadas em KOH alcoólico, extraindo-se a fase orgânica com terc-butil-metil éter e clarificando-se com água. Após evaporação e secagem, o extrato foi ressuspenso em ácido acético glacial, e reagido com KI e HCl. A diferença de cor, verificada por medidas de absorvância a 290nm e 630nm, foi atribuída aos baixos valores de caveol no café conilon. A técnica mostrou-se também eficiente para discriminação de outras variedades de café arábica: Catuaí, Acaiá e Mundo Novo. A metodologia espectrofotométrica desenvolvida mostrou-se eficiente, simples e robusta, podendo ser utilizada como método de triagem na identificação da adição de café conilon ao arábica. Para determinação de trigonelina, ácido clorogênico (5-ACQ) e cafeína foi desenvolvida e validada uma metodologia por cromatografia a liquído de fase reversa utilizando gradiente de ácido acético e metanol e detecção no UV. A melhor condição de extração foi observada com emprego de água à 80 °C. A identificação foi feita com base no tempo de retenção e empregando-se co-cromatografia. A metodologia permitiu, ainda, a separação e detecção dos ácidos nicotínico, caféico, cumárico e ferúlico. Foram estudados como parâmetros para discriminação a absorbância dos extratos, a 290 e 630nm, após reações colorimétricas e os teores de trigonelina, ácido clorogênico (5-ACQ) e cafeína obtidos por CLAE. A avaliação dos resultados obtidos nas metodologias espectrofotométrica e cromatográfica utilizando Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e Análise de Agrupamentos (AA) permitiu a separação entre cafés conilon e arábica IAPAR-59 e misturas acima de 25%. Para misturas com menos de 25% de café conilon possivelmente outras variáveis devem ser consideradas para melhorar a discriminação. A técnica proposta mostrou-se eficiente na discriminação das variedades de arábica mais plantadas no Brasil, minimizando tempo e custos da análise e possibilitando seu uso como método de rotina para diferenciação de café torrado arábica (C. arabica) e conilon (C. canephora) e misturas.erdes podem ser visualmente identificados, porém, após torra e moagem não é possível o uso desse critério. Como pertencem ao mesmo gênero, as espécies possuem poucas diferenças na composição para detecção e/ou quantificação da adição. Na literatura existem várias técnicas para diferenciação, algumas muito complexas, exigindo o uso de equipamentos sofisticados. Como a avaliação de um único parâmetro não permite discriminação adequada, é interessante o emprego de Estatística Multivariada. O objetivo do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para diferenciação de café torrado arábica (C. arabica) e conilon (C. canephora) e suas misturas. As amostras foram submetidas à torra média e, após a moagem, foram preparadas misturas, adicionando-se 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 50 % de café conilon ao arábica (IAPAR-59). No método espectrofotométrico, as amostras foram saponificadas em KOH alcoólico, extraindo-se a fase orgânica com terc-butil-metil éter e clarificando-se com água. Após evaporação e secagem, o extrato foi ressuspenso em ácido acético glacial, e reagido com KI e HCl. A diferença de cor, verificada por medidas de absorvância a 290nm e 630nm, foi atribuída aos baixos valores de caveol no café conilon. A técnica mostrou-se também eficiente para discriminação de outras variedades de café arábica: Catuaí, Acaiá e Mundo Novo. A metodologia espectrofotométrica desenvolvida mostrou-se eficiente, simples e robusta, podendo ser utilizada como método de triagem na identificação da adição de café conilon ao arábica. Para determinação de trigonelina, ácido clorogênico (5-ACQ) e cafeína foi desenvolvida e validada uma metodologia por cromatografia a liquído de fase reversa utilizando gradiente de ácido acético e metanol e detecção no UV. A melhor condição de extração foi observada com emprego de água à 80 °C. A identificação foi feita com base no tempo de retenção e empregando-se co-cromatografia. A metodologia permitiu, ainda, a separação e detecção dos ácidos nicotínico, caféico, cumárico e ferúlico. Foram estudados como parâmetros para discriminação a absorbância dos extratos, a 290 e 630nm, após reações colorimétricas e os teores de trigonelina, ácido clorogênico (5-ACQ) e cafeína obtidos por CLAE. A avaliação dos resultados obtidos nas metodologias espectrofotométrica e cromatográfica utilizando Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e Análise de Agrupamentos (AA) permitiu a separação entre cafés conilon e arábica IAPAR-59 e misturas acima de 25%. Para misturas com menos de 25% de café conilon possivelmente outras variáveis devem ser consideradas para melhorar a discriminação. A técnica proposta mostrou-se eficiente na discriminação das variedades de arábica mais plantadas no Brasil, minimizando tempo e custos da análise e possibilitando seu uso como método de rotina para diferenciação de café torrado arábica (C. arabica) e conilon (C. canephora) e misturas. Considering the high commercial value of arabica coffee, the fraudulent addition of conilon coffee is very attractive. The green bean can be visually identified, however, after the roasting process and grinding this criterion can not be applied. As they belong to the same kind, the species possess few differences for detection and/or quantification of the addition. There are several techniques for differentiation in the literature, some of them very complex and demanding the use of sophisticated equipment. The evaluation of a single parameter does not allow an appropriate discrimination, being necessary the application of multivariate statistical analysis. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical methods for discrimination between arabica and conilon roasted coffees and blends. The samples were medium roasted and ground. Blends were prepared adding 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50% of conilon coffee to the arabica IAPAR-59. Saponification in alcoholic KOH, extraction with terc-butil-methyl ether and clean up with water were preparatory steps for the spectrophotometric method. The dry extract was redissolved into glacial acetic acid and reacted with KI and HCl. The difference in absorbance measured at 290nm and 630nm was attributed to lower content of kahweol in conilon coffee. The colorimetric reactions were also efficient in discrimination of other arabica coffee varieties: .Catuaí., .Acaiá. and .Novo mundo.. The described spectrophotometric method was rapid, simple and rugged. It can also be used as a screening method in the identification of the addition of conilon to arabica coffee. It was developed and validated a method for simultaneous determination of trigonelline, chlorogenic acid (5-ACQ) and caffeine by reverse phase liquid chromatography. A gradient of acetic acid and acetonitrile was used as mobile phase and UV detection. The best extraction condition was observed with water at 80°C. The identification was based on retention time and co-chromatography. The absorbance of the extract after colour reactions measured at 290 and 630 nm and contents of trigonelline, chlorogenic acid caffeine determined by HPLC were studied as discrimination parameters. These parameters were submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The results allowed discrimination between coffees conilon and arabica IAPAR-59 and 25% blends. For blends with less of 25% of conilon coffee the introduction of other variables to improve the discrimination should be considered. The proposed technique was efficient in the discrimination of brazilian arabica coffee varieties decreasing time and costs of analysis. It can be applied as a routine method for differentiation of roasted arabica (Coffea arabica) and conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and blends.

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Mendes, Luciane Carneiro. "Estudos para determinação das melhores formulações de blends de cafe arabica (C. arabica) com cafe robusta (C. canephora Conilon) para uso no setor de cafes torrados e moido e de cafes expresso." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254404.

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Orientador: Hilary Castle de Menezes Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_LucianeCarneiro_D.pdf: 2906438 bytes, checksum: ecefb4e80722a27e338165f61b693999 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar diversas formulações de blends de café arábica com café robusta através de avaliação sensorial com consumidores, tanto para preparo em filtro de papel como para café espresso. Inicialmente, foi determinada a faixa de grau de torração mais adequada para cada café estudado, através de avaliação sensorial com experts e com equipe treinada para Análise Descritiva Quantitativa. Os resultados apontaram uma torração média como a que apresentava maior intensidade de aroma e sabor característicos de café sem a percepção do sabor queimado, caracterizada pela perda de peso de 15 a 16% e pela da luminosidade do grão (L*) entre 37 e 38. A etapa fundamental do trabalho se deu em seguida com a avaliação dos blends (de 10 a 50% de robusta, cereja descascado) mais uma amostra de arábica 100%, preparados em filtro de papel e tipo espresso, através de Teste de Aceitação com consumidores diários de café. Os resultados para ambos os preparos mostraram não haver diferença significativa (ao nível de 5%) na apreciação das amostras por parte dos consumidores. Os resultados do teste sensorial foram complementados por avaliações químicas. Utilizando-se de técnicas de Comatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), foram analisados os teores de ácidos clorogênicos, ácidos carboxílicos e açúcares dos cafés arábica e robusta (processado via seca ¿ RS, e cereja descascado - RCD), bem como de alguns blends (arábica 80% e robusta CD 20%; arábica 60% e robusta CD 40%). Foram determinados os teores desses componentes nos cafés verdes, após torração e nas bebidas (filtrada e espresso). Os resultados apontaram diferenças entre o café arábica e os robustas para diversos compostos, especialmente no café verde, havendo também algumas diferenças entre os robustas RCD e RS. Os teores dos componentes encontrados nos blends apresentaram comportamento coerente se comparados os resultados com o café arábica e o robusta RCD 100%. Com a torração as diferenças tenderam a diminuir tornando-se ainda menores com a extração da bebida, seja ela em filtro de papel ou tipo espresso. Para finalizar, foi observado o perfil de voláteis das amostras citadas no parágrafo anterior, exceto para o café verde, usando técnica de isolamento do headspace retido em polímero poroso e analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa (CG). Os resultados mostraram diferenças consideráveis nos perfis encontrados para o café arábica e os cafés robusta especialmente nas bebidas. No entanto, pouca diferença foi notada entre os blends e o café arábica. No geral, embora haja considerável diferença entre o café arábica e o café robusta, quando este é adicionado ao café arábica, até proporções de 50% (como mostrado na avaliação sensorial) pouca diferença se nota, tanto química quanto em relação à aceitação sensorial do produto final. Este resultado mostra a viabilidade do uso do café robusta para ambos os preparos de bebidas, em oposição ao preconceito que existe por parte de alguns setores do agronegócio café Abstract: The main objective of this thesis was to study various blends of arabica and robusta coffees, prepared both by filtration and the espresso technique, by carrying out sensory evaluations with consumers. Initially, for each coffee studied, the most adequate degree of roast was determined using a sensory evaluation by experts and by a panel trained for Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The results indicated a medium roast as being that presenting greater intensity of characteristic coffee aroma and flavour with no perception of a burnt flavour, characterised by a loss of mass from 15 to 16% and by a bean luminosity (L*) between 37 and 38. The fundamental stage of the work followed with the evaluation of the blends (from 10 to 50% semi-dry processed robusta) plus a 100% arabica sample, prepared both by filtration and by the espresso technique, using an acceptance test with daily coffee consumers. The results for both types of preparation showed no significant difference (at the 5% significance level) in the appreciation of the samples by the consumers. The results of the sensory test were complemented by chemical evaluations. The chlorogenic acid, carboxylic acid and sugar contents of the arabica and robusta (dry processed ¿ RS, semi-dry processed ¿ RCD) coffees, and of some blends (80% arabica + 20% RCD robusta; 60% arabica + 40% RCD robusta) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of these components were determined in the raw coffees, after roasting and in the brews (filtered and espresso). The results showed differences between the arabica and robusta coffees for various components, especially in the raw coffees, some differences between the RCD and RS robustas also being found. The values found in the blends were coherent considering the values found for the 100% robusta RCD and arabica samples. The differences tended to decrease with roasting and were even smaller in the brews, be the samples prepared by filtration or the espresso technique. To finalise the work, the volatile profiles of the samples cited in the previous paragraph, with the exception of the raw samples, were observed, using a technique of isolation from the headspace by retention in a porous polymer and analysis by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed considerable differences between the profiles of the arabica and robusta coffees, especially in the brews, but little difference was noted between the blends and the arabica coffee. In general, despite considerable differences between the arabica coffee and the robusta coffee, when the latter is added to the former up to 50% (as shown in the sensory evaluation), little difference is detected, either chemically or by the sensory acceptance of the final product. These results show the viability of using robusta coffee in both types of brew preparation, contrary to the prejudiced idea existing in some parts of coffee agro-business Doutorado Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

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Cação, Sandra Maria Bellodi. "Construção e caracterização de uma biblioteca genômica de C. arabica em cromossomo artificial de bactéria." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000183065.

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O Brasil é o principal produtor e exportador mundial de café e possui o segundo maior mercado consumidor. Entre os principais objetivos do melhoramento genético de cafeeiros estão os estudos visando à melhoria de cultivares resistentes à ferrugem utilizando como fonte de resistência, progênies oriundas do Hibrido de Timor, planta derivada do cruzamento interespecífico natural entre Coffea arabica e C. canephora, resistente a maioria das raças fisiológicas do fungo Hemileia vastratix. Bibliotecas baseadas nos vetores do tipo Cromossomo Artificial de Bactéria (BAC) são um importante recurso para clonagem posicional, analise comparativa de genomas e construção de mapas físicos. Neste trabalho foi realizada a construção e caracterização de uma biblioteca BAC com 56,832 clones com um tamanho médio de insertos de 118 kb, representando 5 a 6 vezes a cobertura do genoma haplóide de C.arabica. A contaminação foi estimada como 1,04% para cloroplasto e 0,5% para DNA mitocondrial. Combinadas, as técnicas de seleção por PCR de pools representando vários grupos de clones da biblioteca propiciou uma forma rápida e econômica de seleção da biblioteca, pois com um pequeno número de PCR foi possível encontrar clones BAC para os marcadores ancôras e o gene M6PR. As placas foram selecionadas a partir de superpools e pools de placa. Um total de 54 clones BAC foram selecionados, 10 para o M6PR, 11 para o SSR-16 e CCG-3, 12 para o SSR-18 e 10 para ACCG-1. As análises de Southern Blot para o gene M6PR demonstraram que os BAC isolados apresentaram um fragmento relacionado com o fragmento presente no genoma de HT CIFC 832/2, e semelhante no C. eugenioides. No estudo de seleção de clones para as marcas de resistência a ferrugem foram identificados 10 clones positivos para a marca SAT-244, seis para o BA-124 e sete para o M-8. Análises de Fingerprinting mostraram padrões de sobreposição de BAC que deve permitir a formação de contigs BAC abrangendo a região de resistência à ferrugem para o gene SH3. Através do Southern Blot usando sonda M-8 foram identificados clones BAC em dois grupos que correspondem aos subgenomas do HT (CC-P89O21 e Ce-P135L24). Os clones positivos foram classificados em dois grupos que correspondem aos subgenomas do HT. Os clones selecionados para as marcas de resistência a ferrugem, foram submetidos ao seqüenciamento e serão utilizados em estudos de sintenia e comparação de sequencias entre espécies. A biblioteca BAC construída é uma importante ferramenta disponível aos laboratórios de pesquisa em genômica de cafeeiros, visando uma maior integração de informações genômicas e genéticas para aplicação futura em programa de melhoramento. Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world, besides having the second largest consumer market. Among the major goals of genetic breeding of tree coffee are the studies aimed at improving rust resistant cultivars used as sources of resistance, progenies of "Hibrido Timor", plant-derived natural interespecific cross between C. arabica and C. canephora, resistant to most races of fungus H. vastratix. Libraries based in Bacterial Artificial Chromossome (BAC) vectors have become an important tool for genomic research. The BAC libraries are an important resource for applications including gene isolation, comparative genomics, map-based or positional cloning of genes and genome-wide physical map construction. Furthermore, they are important genomic resources for sequencing projects, map-based cloning of either genes or QTLs for important agronomic characteristics. In this work we described the construction and characterization a BAC library consisting of 56.832 clones with an average size of inserts 118 kb, representing 5 to 6 times the coverage C. arabica haploid genome. Based on the percentage of positive clones identified, the contamination was estimated as 1.04% to chloroplast and 0.5% mitochondrial DNA. Combined, the PCR and pools of library clones representing various groups of clones provide an economical form to screening of library, because with a small number of PCRs is possible to find a single target sequence. The plates were selected from of superpools and plate of pools. A total of 54 BAC were selected, 10 for M6PR, 11 for SSR-16 and CCG-3, 12 for SSR-18 and 10 for ACCG-1. In Southern blot analysis for gene M6PR, the genomic DNA of HT showed four bands, probably related with the corresponding bands in C.canephora and C. eugenioides. The BAC clones 1-6 and 8 showed the size same fragment present in the genome of CIFC HT 832/2, and with a similar size in C. eugenioides. The BAC library was used to select clones related with rust resistance markers. Twenty three BACs were selected with three markers for SH3 resistant locus: 10 for the mark-SAT 244, six to BA-124 and seven for M-8. Fingerprinting analysis showed overlapping patterns of those BACs which should allow the formation of BAC contigs spanning the rust resistance region for SH3. Southern Blot analysis using M-8 probe identified BAC clones in two groups that correspond to the HT subgenomes (Cc- P89O21 and Ce- P135L24). Further characterization of those clones will allow a better comprehension of the mechanisms of genetic resistance for rust in coffee, as well as the identification other molecular markers, are useful for further work in developing markers for assisted selection (MAS), and cloning of genes involved in rust resistance.

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Silva, Aline Costa. "FormulaÃÃes de blends de cafÃ arÃbica (C. arabica) para bebida de cafÃ espresso: percepÃÃo e expectativa sensorial." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6516.

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nÃo hÃ O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver diferentes blends de cafÃ arÃbica dos tipos mole, duro e rio para bebida de cafÃ espresso e avaliar a percepÃÃo e expectativa sensorial do consumidor final. Inicialmente delineou-se o perfil dos consumidores de cafÃ frequentadores de cafeterias no municÃpio de Fortaleza, CearÃ - Brasil. Em seguida, para a definiÃÃo do blends de cafÃ espresso utilizou-se o planejamento experimental de misturas simplex centrÃide aumentado resultando em 10 tratamentos para 3 componentes. Os dez tratamentos foram submetidos a testes de aceitaÃÃo com provadores nÃo treinados, consumidores de cafÃ que avaliaram as amostras com relaÃÃo aos parametros aroma, cor, sabor, corpo e impressÃo global. As formulaÃÃes de blends para a bebida de cafÃ espresso selecionadas foram submetidas a testes de avaliaÃÃo da expectativa dos consumidores. Para a anÃlise dos dados sensoriais obtidos nas trÃs sessÃes empregaram-se tÃcnicas estatÃsticas descritivas, AnÃlise de VariÃncia Univariada (ANOVA) para a comparaÃÃo de mÃdias. Os resultados de aceitaÃÃo dos 10 tratamentos foram analisados atravÃs de superficie de resposta e Mapa Interno de PreferÃncia. O blend composto por grÃos de cafÃ de classificaÃÃo 100% arÃbica tipo mole (amostra A) foi selecionado devido Ã possibilidade desse tipo de designaÃÃo gerar uma expectativas no consumidor de produto de boa qualidade. A seleÃÃo dos outros dois blends baseou-se nos critÃrios alto desempenho e baixo desempenho nos testes de aceitaÃÃo, respectivamente. A avaliaÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial e expectativa dos consumidores ocorreu em trÃs sessÃes: teste cego, avaliaÃÃo da expectativa atravÃs da embalagem e avaliaÃÃo informada. Cem consumidores de cafÃ participaram dessas avaliaÃÃes onde a aceitabilidade das amostras foi medida atravÃs de escala hedÃnica estruturada de nove pontos. Os testes foram aplicados no LaboratÃrio de AnÃlise Sensorial da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Os resultados mostraram que a informaÃÃo 100% arÃbica tipo mole influenciou na aceitaÃÃo. Com relaÃÃo aos blends de cafÃ arÃbica 50% mole, 25% duro, 25% rio e cafÃ arÃbica 58% mole, 34% duro e 8% rio, que alcanÃaram aos mais altos valores mÃdios de aceitaÃÃo no teste cego, nÃo conseguiram manter este resultado nas sessÃes de exposiÃÃo das suas embalagens e avaliaÃÃo informada. Portanto, a informaÃÃo na embalagem influenciou na desconfirmaÃÃo negativa da expectativa do consumidor com relaÃÃo Ã amostra 100% arÃbica tipo mole. Dessa forma, as escolhas dos consumidores baseadas na aceitaÃÃo foram influenciadas nÃo somente pelas caracteristicas sensoriais intrÃnsecas das bebidas de cafÃ, mas tambÃm por suas caracterÃsticas extrÃnsecas, tais como as informaÃÃes composicionais fornecidas ao consumidor final e a embalagem do produto. The objective of this study was to develop different blends of Arabica coffee of types soft, hard and rio to espresso coffee and evaluate the sensory perception and expectation of the final consumer. The experimental planning of mixtures used was the simplex centroid for definition of the blends resulting in ten treatments. For soft coffee type the maximum and minimum limits were respectively 100 and 50%, for hard and rio types the limits were 50 and 0%. The ten treatments were tested for acceptance with untrained assessors who evaluated the samples with relation to aroma, color, flavor, body and overall impression. The formulations selected were submitted to the evaluation of expectation. The results of acceptance were analyzed using response surface and Internal Preference Mapping, resulting in the selection of three blends for the measurement of consumer expectations. The blend that consists of coffee from 100% soft classification (sample A) was selected due to this type of designation generates an expectation in the consumer of product of good quality. The criteria used in selecting the other two blends were high performance and low performance in acceptance tests, respectively. The evaluation of the perception and expectation occurred in three sessions: blind test, evaluation of the expectation of the product with the exposure of the package and informed assessment (package + sample). One hundred coffee consumers participated in this assessment where the acceptability of the sample was measured with the hedonic scale of nine points. The tests occurred at the Sensory Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of CearÃ. The analysis of the information of the three sessions occurred with the frequency histogram of averages, ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level. The results indicated that the information 100% soft for the sample affected your acceptance. In the samples B (50% soft, 25% hard, 25% rio) and C (58% soft, 34% hard, 8% rio), which achieved higher averages in the blind test, could not maintain the results after the presentation of their packaging. Therefore, the information on the package influenced on the negative disconfirmation of consumer expectations with respect to sample A. Thus, the acceptance and choice of a product are influenced not only by their sensory characteristics (intrinsic), but also by its extrinsic characteristics (information and packaging, for example).

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Lemos, Vin?cius Teixeira. "Aplica??o do ?cido c?trico na produ??o de mudas, no crescimento, estado nutricional e produtividade de caf? ar?bica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, 2010. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/574.

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No. of bitstreams: 5 53.pdf: 1117552 bytes, checksum: 395c167eeb020b0e41952ad47110078c (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) A cafeicultura a partir dos anos 80 expandiu-se para solos muito intemperizados e pobres em nutrientes, o que requer aplica??o de elevadas quantidades de fertilizantes, principalmente os fosfatados, al?m disso, passou a ser necess?rio se adicionar micronutrientes. Existem compostos hidrossol?veis como o ?cido c?trico, que s?o capazes de formar complexos com Cu, Fe, Zn e Mn e favorecer sua difus?o no solo, solubilizar fosfatos de Fe e Al de baixa solubilidade em solos ?cidos pobres em P, aumentando a disponibilidade de P pelo bloqueio dos s?tios de adsor??o. Diante do intemperismo em solo de cafeeiro e da a??o positiva do ?cido c?trico na libera??o de nutrientes no mesmo, faz-se necess?rio conhecer os reais efeitos desse ?cido org?nico em cafeeiros jovens e em produ??o. Para isso, foram realizados tr?s experimentos visando avaliar o crescimento, estado nutricional e produtividade do cafeeiro, em tr?s est?dios de desenvolvimento da planta. O primeiro experimento, visando avaliar o crescimento, qualidade e o teor nutricional de mudas de caf? cultivar Catua? Vermelho IAC 99 submetidas ? aplica??o de ?cido c?trico e concentra??es de f?sforo no substrato, utilizou-se do esquema fatorial (4x4), sendo o primeiro fator referente ? aplica??o de ?cido c?trico (0, 1, 2 e 4 kg ha-1) e o segundo referente ?s doses de f?sforo (0, 450, 900 e 1800 g P2O5 m-3) aplicadas no substrato. A aplica??o de 1 a 2 kg ha-1 de ?cido c?trico foi a que mais influenciou positivamente o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas sobre a dose de f?sforo padr?o de 900 g P2O5 m-3 no substrato. Houve aumento nos teores foliares de Ca, N, P, S, Cu, Fe e Zn nas doses de 1,6 a 4,0 kg ha-1de ?cido c?trico na aus?ncia de f?sforo. No segundo experimento, realizado em casa de vegeta??o, foram tratadas com quatro doses de ?cido c?trico (0, 1, 2 e 4 kg ha-1) na presen?a e aus?ncia de aduba??o fosfatada de plantio de cafeeiros da cultivar Catua? Vermelho IAC 99. As doses entre 1,0 a 2,0 kg ha-1 de ?cido c?trico contribuem para o crescimento de cafeeiros at? 75 dias ap?s aplica??o (DAA) sem o uso de aduba??o fosfatada na cova. Na presen?a de aduba??o fosfatada de plantio as dosagens de ?cido c?trico utilizadas n?o contribuem para o crescimento e melhoria das plantas. A aplica??o de ?cido c?trico influencia nos teores foliares do cafeeiro independentemente da aduba??o fosfatada no plantio. O terceiro experimento foi conduzido em campo utilizando-se a cultivar Catua? Vermelho IAC 44 com sete anos, implantada no espa?amento 3,8 x 0,7m. Os tratamentos constitu?ram-se de quatro doses de ?cido c?trico (0, 1, 2 e 4 kg ha-1) aplicados em dose ?nica anualmente na proje??o da saia. A produ??o de caf? foi influenciada positivamente quando se adicionou 1,2 e 2,4 kg ha-1 de ?cido c?trico para 90% da m?xima e a m?xima produ??o, com incrementos de 14,5 e 27,2% em produtividades, respectivamente. A aplica??o do produto no solo aumentou a absor??o de P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, refletindo em maiores teores foliares destes nutrientes. As faixas cr?ticas dos nutrientes nas folhas em fun??o das doses aplicadas de ?cido c?trico, sendo estas: 0,14-0,15 dag kg-1 para P; 3,12-3,21dag kg-1 para K; 1,14-1,18 dag kg-1 para Ca; 0,16-0,18 dag kg-1 para Mg; 0,27-0,23 dag kg-1 para S; 61,8-57,4 mg kg-1 para B; 48,1-55,8 mg kg-1 para Cu; 86,3-91,6 mg kg-1 para Fe; 87,8-93,6 mg kg-1 para Mn; 49,1-60,0 mg kg-1 para Zn. Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. ABSTRACT The coffee from the 80 expanded to highly weathered soils and nutrient-poor, which requires application of high amounts of fertilizers, especially phosphorus, in addition, it has become necessary to add micronutrients. There are water soluble compounds such as citric acid, which are capable of forming complexes with Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn and encourage its distribution in the soil, solubilizing iron and aluminum phosphates of low solubility in acidic soils of poor P, increasing the availability of P blocking of the adsorption sites. Before the weathering in the soil of coffee and the positive action of citric acid in the release of nutrients in it, it is necessary to know the real effects of this organic acid in young and coffee production. For this, experiments were carried out to evaluate the growth, nutritional status and productivity of coffee plants, three stages of plant development. The first experiment to evaluate the growth, quality and nutritional content of seedlings of Catua? Vermelho (IAC-99) submitted the application of citric acid and phosphorus concentrations in the substrate, it was used the factorial scheme (4x4), the first factor related the application of citric acid (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) and the second referring to the phosphorus levels (0, 450, 900 and 1800 g m-3 P2O5) applied on the substrate. The application 1-2 kg ha-1 of citric acid was the most positively influenced the growth and the quality of seedlings on the phosphorus pattern P2O5 900 g m-3 to the substrate. There was an increase in leaf Ca, N, P, S, Cu, Fe and Zn in doses from 1.6 to 4.0 kg ha-1 from citric acid in the absence of phosphorus. In the second experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions, were treated with four doses of citric acid (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) in the presence and absence of phosphate fertilizers planting of coffee trees, IAC 99. Doses from 1.0 to 2.0 kg ha-1 of citric acid contribute to the growth of trees up to 75th days after application (DAA) without the use of phosphate fertilizer in the hole. In the presence of phosphate fertilizers planting dosage of citric acid used does not contribute to the growth and improvement of plants. The application of citric acid influence on foliar coffee regardless of phosphorus fertilization. The third experiment was conducted in the field using the IAC 44 with seven years, implemented in 3.8 x 0.7 m spacing. The treatments consisted of four doses of citric acid (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) applied in a single dose under side of the plant. Coffee production was positively affected when added 1.2 and 2.4 kg ha-1 of citric acid for 90% of the maximum and the maximum yield, with increases of 14.5 and 27.2% yields, respectively. The application of the product in the soil increased the uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, reflecting higher levels of foliar nutrients. The critical ranges of nutrients in the leaves as a function of the applied doses of citric acid, which are: 0.14 to 0.15 dag kg-1 for P, 3.12 to 3.21 dag kg-1 for K, 1.14 - 1.18 dag kg-1 for Ca, 0.16 to 0.18 dag kg-1 for Mg, 0.27 to 0.23 dag kg-1 for S, 61.8 to 57.4 mg kg-1 for B, 48.1 to 55.8 mg kg-1 for Cu, 86.3 to 91.6 mg kg-1 for Fe, 87.8 to 93.6 mg kg-1 for Mn, 49.1 to 60, 0 mg kg-1 for Zn.

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Noir, Sandra. "Diversité des gènes de résistance au sein du génome des caféiers (Coffea L. ). Analyse génétique de la résistance au nématode à galles, Meloidogyne exigua, chez C. Arabica." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20184.

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Marion, de Procé Solène. "Le phénomène culturel en Arabie du Sud-Ouest du VIIIè s. av. J.-C. au IVè s. apr. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H074.

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Le fait religieux en Arabie du Sud est étudié à travers l’analyse des sources archéologiques épigraphiques lors de la période dite sudarabique (du VIIIe s. av. J.-C. au IVe s. apr. J.-C.). Les cadres historiques et environnementaux ainsi que l’état de la recherche sont tout d’abord posés. Les méthodes et la nécessité d’une synthèse sur le sujet sont ensuite exposées. L’étude des lieux de culte occupant le quart sud-ouest de la péninsule Arabique aux périodes considérées selon une progression régionale constitue le cœur de l’étude. Leur architecture, leur histoire ainsi que les témoignages mobiliers et épigraphiques qu’ils ont livré participent à l’établissement de synthèses régionales aboutissant à une proposition de typologie. Dans un troisième temps, le fait religieux dans son ensemble est examiné à la lumière de toutes les sources disponibles (archéologie, architecture, iconographie et épigraphie) The South Arabian religion is studied through the analysis of the archaeological and epigraphic data during the South Arabian period (8th cent. B.C. to 4th cent. A.D.). The historical and environmental frames as well as the state of research are defined in a first chapter. The methods and the need for such a synthesis are then detailed. The study of worship places in the south-west quarter of the Arabian Peninsula during the considered period following a geographical progression composes the heart of the work. Their architecture, their history as well as the artefacts and inscriptions they yielded contributes to regional synthesis leading to a proposition of a typology. In a third chapter, the religious phenomenon of South Arabia is globally considered in the light of all available sources (archaeology, architecture, iconography and epigraphy)

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Voigt, Christiane Hélène. "Recherches sur la tradition arabe du Roman d'Alexandre." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC036.

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Cette thèse traite de la question de la traduction arabe du Roman d’Alexandre du Pseudo-Callisthène. Le passage du grec à l’arabe est décrit à travers l’examen philologique des différentes recensions grecques (α, β (L, λ), ε, γ) ainsi que de nombreuses sources arabes. Le Roman d’Alexandre présente un cas spécifique dans le domaine des Graeco-Arabica. A côté de la transmission écrite, que ce soit sous forme d’une traduction ou d’une réélaboration thématique, un rôle particulier doit être accordé à la transmission orale basée sur la Sourate de la Caverne du Coran. Non seulement une recension grecque du Roman d’Alexandre s’est manifestée dans les sources arabes, mais plusieurs (α, β, ε, γ), parmi lesquelles la recension β occupe une place importante dans l’Orient. Le but consiste à présenter un aperçu des chapitres du Roman qui ont fait l’objet d’une réception orientale afin de fournir une contribution à la survie de l’antiquité grecque dans l’Islam This thesis deals with the issue of the Arabic translation of the Greek Alexander Romance by Pseudo-Callisthenes. By a philological study of the various Greek recensions (α, β (L, λ), ε, γ) as well as numerous Arabic sources it will be shown how the Alexander Romance, as a special example of the Graeco-Arabic translation movement, was rendered into Arabic. Apart from the written tradition, either in the form of a translation from the Greek or a paraphrase, the oral tradition based on Surah 18 of the Quran plays a central role. The influence of not just one but several recensions (α, β, ε, γ) of the Greek Alexander Romance can be traced in various Arabic sources. Especially the Byzantine β-recension must have played an important part in the East. The aim of the dissertation is to give a detailed overview of those chapters of the Alexander Romance which have been received in the Orient in order to illustrate how ancient Greek literature made its way into the Islamic world

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Douri, Shihab al. "Une nouvelle étude critique de « Travels in Arabia Deserta »." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO20025.

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Est-il possible de comprendre l'autobiographie de voyage de C. M. Doughty en tant que construction littéraire, produit culturel ou record de l'expérience personnelle ou par-dessus toute chose? Chaque choix implique une approche critique différente. A notre avis, il n'y a pas d'étude spécifique sur Travels in Arabia Deserta d'un point de vue qui marque l'ensemble de ce chef-d’œuvre. En effet, la potentialité de cette œuvre littéraire est au-delà de la définition. Dans ce contraste avec tout l'héritage des récits de voyage à travers le désert d’Arabie, cette œuvre se distingue par sa complexité singulière, une caractéristique que l'on retrouve à chaque instant au fil des pages de cet ouvrage Should we understand Doughty's autobiography of travel as literary construct, as cultural artifact, as record of personal experience, or as all of the above? Each choice implies a different critical approach. To our mind, no study of Doughty's Travels in Arabia Deserta from the standpoint of a definition would scratch the surface of that masterpiece of travel literature, the potential of this literary work is beyond the reach of definition. In contrast with the whole heritage of travel books, Arabia Deserta is marked by its unique complexity, a characteristic which can be traced in every aspect of the book

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Al-Mufti, Elham Abdul-Wahhab. "Shakwa in Arabic Poetry during the c Abbasid Period." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503481.

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Charbonnier, Julien. "Les systèmes d'irrigation en Arabie méridionale (IVe millénaire av. J. -C. - Ier millénaire ap. J. -C. )." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010616.

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Dans le sud de la péninsule Arabique, l'irrigation est pratiquée depuis le IVe millénaire avant J. -C. De nombreuses techniques de captage de l'eau ont été mises au point localement ou adoptées précocement : terrasse, déviation des crues des wâdî-s et galeries drainantes souterraines. Au cours du Ier millénaire avant l'ère chrétienne, certaines oasis atteignent une taille considérable, plusieurs milliers d'hectares. Il s'agit ici avant tout de mener une étude technique des systèmes d'irrigation d'Arabie méridionale, des origines à l'avènement de l'Islam. Nous nous intéressons à l'organisation générale des oasis (lorsque celle-ci est connue) et au fonctionnement des ouvrages hydrauliques. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons la répartition spatiale des techniques au cours des quatre derniers millénaires avant l'arrivée de l'Islam. Puis nous essayons d'en comprendre les raisons (contraintes environnementales ? Choix humains?). Les vestiges sont ensuite replacés dans leur contexte social, c'est-à-dire rattachés à des méthodes de gestion de l'eau. La pratique de l'irrigation nécessite en effet la coopération des paysans qui doivent s'organiser pour, d'une part, construire et entretenir les ouvrages hydrauliques et, d'autre part, répartir l'eau. Elle influence ainsi l'organisation des sociétés. L'objectif est de comprendre et comparer les différents modes de gestion de l'eau employés dans la péninsule Arabique.

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Davies, Timothy. "British private trade networks in the Arabian seas, c.1680-c.1760." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56346/.

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This thesis explores the networks of British private trade based in the Arabian Seas, between c.1680 and c.1760, with a focus on the period between 1700 and 1740. It draws from the extensive records of the East India Company and numerous collections of private papers to look at how this mercantile trade was shaped, organised and constrained by the particular circumstances of the western Indian Ocean region. The unusual constellation of economic and political factors within the world of the Arabian Seas affected British private trade in significant ways during the pre-colonial period: political turmoil, piracy and commercial competition placed constraints on the successful operation of commerce. Shifting regional dynamics also underpinned the growth and greater success of private trade in the second half of the period under review. The thesis is therefore concerned with how British merchants conducted trade as part of a global commercial empire, whilst remaining embedded in specific local economic and political settings. Challenging and moving beyond existing work that has concentrated on the Bay of Bengal and Coromandel Coast regions, this study emphasises the regional specificity and unevenness of the British private trade system across maritime Asia. It makes use of, and builds upon, a number of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches from recent work on maritime trade and early modern merchant networks in both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean worlds.

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Dabrowski, Vladimir. "Systèmes d’approvisionnement et gestion des ressources végétales en Arabie orientale aux périodes antique et islamique (IVème s. av. J.-C. – XVIème s. ap. J.-C.) : approches archéobotanique et archéoentomologique." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0003.

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Les campagnes de fouilles menées sur plusieurs sites antiques et islamiques en Arabie orientale ont livré des macrorestes botaniques et entomologiques. Les sites inclus dans le corpus sont Qal’at al-Bahreïn (Royaume de Bahreïn), Kush et Mleiha (E.A.U.) et Fulayj et Qalhât (Sultanat d’Oman). Ce travail se base sur des analyses carpologiques, anthracologiques, xylologiques et archéoentomologiques. Il s’attache à déterminer les stratégies d’approvisionnement et de gestion des ressources végétales mises en place par les sociétés des périodes historiques, de l’Antiquité à l’arrivée des Portugais dans l’océan Indien, au sein d’un environnement aride contraignant et d’un contexte de dynamiques commerciales. L’agriculture est reconnue sous la forme de palmeraies, un agrosystème oasien, polycultural et irrigué, au sein desquelles étaient cultivés des céréales, des légumineuses, des fruitiers et des condiments. Des informations concernant les modalités de stockage et des mesures de conservation et de protection des denrées alimentaires ont été mises en évidence dans le contexte incendié de Mleiha. Les ravageurs des produits stockés auxquels les sociétés devaient faire face ont été déterminés. L’acquisition du combustible se basait sur une optimisation des ressources disponibles issues des différentes formations végétales de la région, du système agricole et d’activités de rejets. Un grand nombre de taxons allochtones a été trouvé, correspondant à des plantes cultivées et du bois de plantes sauvages ligneuses, ainsi que des insectes. Les plantes cultivées correspondent surtout à des taxons d’origine tropicale et sub-tropicale pour lesquels il est généralement difficile de déterminer s’ils ont été importés ou s’ils ont pu être acclimatés localement. Le contexte de dynamiques commerciales au sein du golfe Persique et de l’océan Indien aux périodes antique et islamique semble avoir favorisé l’importation et l’acclimatation de plantes allochtones, voire d’insectes, en Arabie orientale Excavations conducted on several classical and Islamic period sites in eastern Arabia have provided botanical and insect macroremains. The sites included in our study are Qal’al al-Bahrain (Kingdom of Bahrain), Kush and Mleiha (U.A.E.) and Fulayj and Qalhât (Sultanate of Oman). This work is based on the analysis of seeds/fruits, charcoal (anthracology), wood (xylology) and insect remains (entomology). It aims at understanding the supplying strategies and the management of plant resources by the societies of historical periods, from Antiquity to the arrival of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean, in an environment marked by aridity and a context of trade dynamics. Agriculture is recognised in the form of date palm gardens, an oasis agrosystem with multi-cropping and irrigation in which cereals, pulses, fruit trees and condiments were cultivated. Information concerning the storage as well as measures of conservation and protection of foodstuffs has been obtained from a burnt context at Mleiha. Parasites attacking storage of food that the past populations had to face have been determined. The procurement of fuel was based on the optimal use of resources present in the different local plant communities, in agricultural systems and the use of waste. A large number of allochtonous plant taxa have been identified, corresponding to cultivated plants and wood from wild-growing trees, as well as insects. The cultivated plants correspond mainly to taxa of tropical and subtropical origin for which it is generally difficult to determine if they were brought to the sites as importations or if they could have been acclimatised locally. The context of trade dynamics across the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean during the classical and Islamic periods seem to have favoured the importation and acclimatisation of allochtonous plants, or even insects, in eastern Arabia

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Alwazzan, Faisal Adel Ahmad. "Politics, economy and religion in a Near Eastern periphery : the region of Baḥrayn in East Arabia c. 1050 – c. 1400 CE." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31021.

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The region of Baḥrayn in eastern Arabia during the post-Qarmāṭian era has received little attention from scholars because of the scarcity of local written sources and the daunting task of gathering scattered small pieces of information from other sources in more than one language. This thesis focuses on the politics, geopolitics, economy, literature and religion of Baḥrayn from c. 1050 to c. 1400 CE. It consists of eight chapters in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction presents the research framework of the thesis. World-systems Analysis in a pre-capitalist setting is used to analyse Baḥrayn’s hierarchical position in the Near East according to its economic, political and cultural characteristics. It also sets out the historical background and context of the region, presents the thesis’ questions and structure, reviews modern studies and summarises the extant literary and archaeological evidence. Chapter One describes the historical geography and economy of Baḥrayn and analyses the impact of the region’s geography and the wider economic context on its history. Chapter Two studies the two rebellions against the Qarāmiṭa on the island of Uwāl and in the city of al-Qaṭīf, which led to the establishment of the emirate of Āl al-Zajjāj and the emirate of Āl ʿAbbās. Chapters Three and Four deal with the rise and decline of the ʿUyūnid emirate (1077-1230s CE) and study the ʿUyūnids’ institutions, including their administration and army formation. Chapter Five concentrates on the powers that ruled the region of Baḥrayn after the fall of the ʿUyūnid emirate in 1230s CE: the ʿUqaylid emirate in al-Aḥsāʾ and the deserts of Baḥrayn and Najd, and the Iranian-based polities that ruled Uwāl and al-Qaṭīf. Chapter Six focuses on literature produced in Baḥrayn, presenting biographies of its poets and analyses of the commentary of the poetry collection of the poet ʿAlī ibn al-Muqarrab al-ʿUyūnī and Abū al-Buhlūl’s letter. It also examines the relationship between the poets and the emirs of the ʿUyūnid emirate. Finally, Chapters Seven and Eight shed light on religion in Baḥrayn. They examine the region’s communities of Shīʿites and Sunnis which appear to have adhered to popular forms of Ismāʿīlism, Twelverism, Ḥanafism and Shāfiʿism. The question of scholars and scholarship in Baḥrayn from the twelfth to the fourteenth century is revisited. It is argued that the current consensus that attributes a number of 12th-14th century Twelver scholars who held the nisba of al-Baḥrānī to Baḥrayn lacks early evidence, appeared in a Safavid context and indeed contrasts with the evidence for the region’s peripherality and other evidence that suggests a lack of scholars in the region.

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Belkheir, Nadia. "Connaissances et perceptions de l'Arabie et des Arabes chez les Anciens : (VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. - IVe siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100179.

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La thèse présente un corpus de sources gréco-latines relatif à l’Arabie et aux Arabes suivi d’un commentaire. Plus précisément, le corpus s’ouvre à l’époque archaïque avec quelques vers homériques et se termine au IVe siècle apr. J.-C. avec des extraits de l’Histoire romaine d’Ammien Marcellin. Les termes « Arabie » et « Arabe » de la tradition textuelle ancienne n’assument pas les mêmes acceptions qu’aujourd’hui. Au contraire, lorsque nous interrogeons le corpus sur ce qu’est l’Arabie en tant qu’espace géographique et sur l’identité des Arabes, nous aboutissons au constat que nous ne pouvons proposer une définition unique tant les auteurs anciens varient dans leur perception. La question de l’ethnicité est tout aussi complexe. Les sources anciennes désignent comme arabes des tribus qui ne se présentent pas elles-mêmes comme arabes dans leurs inscriptions : les Nabatéens sont désignés comme Arabes Nabatéens dans les textes tandis que cette auto-désignation est inconnue dans les inscriptions nabatéennes The dissertation provides a corpus of Graeco-Latin literary sources concerning Arabia and Arabs followed by a commentary. More precisely, the corpus opens in the Archaic period with some Homeric verses and ends in the 4th century C.E. with excerpts from the Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus. The words “Arabia” and “Arab” in the ancient textual tradition do not have the same meaning as they do today. On the contrary, after questioning the corpus on what is Arabia as space and on the identity of Arabs, we come to the conclusion that we cannot propose a unique definition because ancient authors vary in their perception. Likewise, the issue of ethnicity is equally complex. Ancient sources refer to tribes as “Arabs” who do not present themselves as Arabs in their inscriptions : Nabateans are referred to as Nabateans Arabs in the texts while this self-definition is unknown in Nabatean inscriptions تقدم الأطروحة مجموعة من المصادر اليونانية-اللاتينية المتعلقة بالجزيرة العربية والعرب، مشفوعةبتعليق. على نحو أكثر دقة، تفتتح المجموعة في العصر القديم مع بعض أبيات هوميروس، وتنتهي في القرنالرابع الميلادي بمقتطفات من التاريخ الروماني لأميان مارسلين.لا يحمل مصطلحا "الجزيرة العربية والعرب" في التقاليد النصية القديمة معناهما نفسه اليوم، بل علىالعكس فعندما نسائل هذه المصادر عن ماهية الجزيرة العربية بوصفها مساحة جغرافية وعن هويةالعرب، نتوصل إلى استنتاج مفاده أننا لا نستطيع اقتراح تعريف واحد؛ لاختلاف المؤلفين القدامى فيتصوراتهم.المسالة الإثنية معقدة بالقدر نفسه، فالمصادر القديمة تصف بالعروبة القبائل التي لا تقدم هي نفسها فينقوشها على أنها عربية، فمثلا يشار في هذه النصوص إلى الأنباط بأنهم عرب مع أن هذا التصنيف الذاتيغير معروف في النقوش النبطية

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Steimer-Herbet, Tara. ""Les tombes en blocs mégalithiques et en maçonnerie de pierres sèches du Levant et la Péninsule arabique aux IVe et IIIe millénaires avant J. -C. "." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010542.

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Les tombes en blocs mégalithiques et en maçonnerie de pierres sèches se distribuent dans le Levant et la Péninsule arabique aux Ive et I~ millénaires avant J. -C. Parmi de nombreux types de tombes, l'analyse morphologique a fait apparaître trois grands ensembles de monuments funéraires: dolmens, tombes circulaires hautes, tumuli à ciste. Ces monuments se distribuent géographiquement dans des zones de pâturage, le plus souvent liées à un milieu semi-aride. Les nécropoles de dolmens couvrent principalement la Syrie du sud et la Jordanie. Du nord, celles des tumuli à ciste sont concentrées dans le Néguev, alors que celles des tombes circulaires hautes se disséminent sur un vaste territoire qui s'étend du Sinai͏̈ au Yémen. Contrairement à ceux des zones côtières du Levant, les modes funéraires des marges arides du Ive au me millénaire étaient relativement mal connus. Ce travail réuni un corpus de plus de 10 000 tombes, qui, outre la connaissance des traditions architecturales funéraires de ces régions, a permis de distinguer les multiples facettes socio-économiques des sociétés qui ont utilisé, pendant 1500 ans un mode funéraire unique. En effet, la fin du IVe et le IIIe millénaire apparaissent être des moments clefs de formation et d'expérimentation des systèmes pastoraux d'une manière analogue aux premières formes élaborées au même moment dans les systèmes urbains. La relation entre les deux phénomènes est, dans certaines régions, assez proche. En effet certains groupes de pasteurs paraissent avoir expérimentés sans suite des formes architecturales et proto-urbaines et d'autres ont adoptés un mode de vie nomade pour lequel nous ne possédons que très peu de vestiges. L' etude des différents modes de vie pratiqués montre que l' architecture funéraire mégalithique au Proche et Moyen-Orient a essentiellement été adoptée pour délimiter un territoire et affirmer une identité culturelle; lorsque ces besoins n'ont plus été nécessaires, elle a périclité.

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Nassif, Bassam Antoine. ""On the confirmation of the law of Moses, the gospel and Orthodoxy" a treatise written in Arabic by Theodore Abū Qurrah, Bishop of Harran (c.755-c.829) ; translation into English, with introduction and analysis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Rabanal-Arabach, Jorge [Verfasser]. "Development of a c-Si Photovoltaic Module for Desert Climates / Jorge Rabanal-Arabach." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187137391/34.

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Abdelaziz, Mahdi. "Les formules juridiques dans les inscriptions nabatéennes." Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE4018.

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La recherche, présentée ici, est une étude des formules juridiques dans les inscriptions nabatéennes. Elle a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le système juridique publié jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Cette étude s'efforce aussi de mettre en lumière les traditions juridiques voisines qui ont pu influencer celles des nabatéens. Celles-ci nous sont connues par des inscriptions écrites en araméen, où on note une forte influence accadienne et araméenne sur les formules juridiques en nabatéen. De même, cette étude montre l'influence linguistique arabe sur les inscriptions nabatéennes, où des termes et expressions, qui se retrouveront dans l'arabe classique, sont utilisés. On note cet aspect dans les contrats de propriétés de tombeaux, mais aussi de façon plus large dans les actes sur papyrus. L'étude se structure en deux parties. La première partie est étude des dates inscriptions nabatéennes comportant des formules juridiques. Cette partie se compose en deux chapitres. Le premier chapitre est une étude de trente-neuf inscriptions monumentales nabatéennes ; trente-huit inscriptions funéraires concernent des publicités de propriétés de sépulture, parmi lesquelles on trouve trente-cinq inscriptions de Higra, deux inscriptions de la région de Petra, une inscription de Madaba, une inscription d'al-Jauf et une inscription juridico religieuse trouvée à Petra. La deuxième partie est une étude de papyrus nabatéens trouvés dans la région de la Mer Morte. Il s'agit de huit papyrus. Ils contiennent un document de levée d'hypothèque, un acte de prêt entre époux, cinq actes de vente de palmeraie et un contrat de métayage. La deuxième partie est composée de deux chapitres : le premier chapitre est une recherche sur les formules juridiques dans les inscriptions et les papyrus nabatéens. Les sources de la loi nabatéenne sont présentées, suivies par l'analyse des éléments juridiques composant les publicités de propriétés de tombeaux nabatéens, les actes de vente et l'acte de prêt entre époux. Nous avons étudié ensuite le droit de propriété, le transfert du bien, l'obligation et l'engagement, la situation juridique de la femme nabatéenne et nous avons terminé par un essai sur le système successoral nabatéen. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude de certains termes et expressions juridiques nabatéens The research, presented here, is a study of the legal terms of neatens inscriptions. The objective is to better understand the juridical system in nabateans through the study of nabatean inscriptions with legal character published so far. This study is trying hard to highlight the neibourging legal traditions witch influenced those of the nabateans, where we point out an akkadian and an Aramaic influences in the nabatean legal traditions. At the same time, the study is trying to show the Arabic linguistics influence of the Nabatean inscriptions, we point out some Nabatean terms and expression which we found in Arabic classic. This study is divided in two parts: the first one is the study of the Nabatean inscriptions of legal characters. This part is made up of two chapters: the fist is a study of 39 nabatean monumental inscriptions, 38 are funerary inscriptions : 35 were found at Hegra, 2 at Petra, 1 at Madaba, 1 at al-Jawf and a religio-legal inscription from Petra. The second chapter is a study of the papyri. The second part consists of the two chapters. The first is a research of the legal formulation of the nabatean inscriptions, the sources of the study of the nabatean law. The second chapter is a study of some legal terms mentioned in the inscriptions studied

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Bataya, Ahmed Bin Ahmed. "Origine et évolution du décor architectural préislamique en Arabie méridionale : Ve siècle avant J.-C.-Ve siècle après J.-C." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHESA010.

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Bataya, Ahmed Bin Ahmed. "Origine et évolution du décor architectural préislamique en Arabie méridionale Ve siècle avant J.-C.-Ve siècle après J.-C. /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602619x.

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22

Durrani, Nadia. "The Tihamah coastal plain of South West Arabia in its regional context : c. 6000 BC - AD 600." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368203.

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Howarth, James Peter Chance. "'Neo-Sufism in Modern Arabic poetry: a study in the poetry of c Abd Al-Wahhab Al-Bayyati, Salah c Abd Al-Sabur and Adonis.'." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428553.

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Alowairdhi, Mohammad Abdullah. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments in Non-Cirrhotic Saudi Arabian Patients with Genotype 1 and Genotype 4 Chronic Hepatitis C." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1492801732185855.

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25

Hagenmuller, Jérémie Grienenberger Jean-Michel. "Étude des interactions fonctionnelles des protéines mitochondriales impliquées dans la maturation des cytochromes de type C chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1142/01/HAGENMULLER_Jeremie_2008.pdf.

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Al-Dukhayyil, Raed Khalil. "Sequence Stratigraphy and Chemostratigraphy Across the Permo-Triassic Extinction Event, Upper Khuff Carbonates, Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77091.

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Logging of cores of the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic Khuff Formation, Ghawar, Saudi Arabia, has allowed a high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework to be generated. The lithofacies of this huge, arid epeiric ramp succession include: subaqueous -and supratidal anhydrite, tidal flat laminites, lagoonal mudstone, ooid-peloid grainstone, and subtidal off-shoal open marine mudstone. Third order sequences include the Late Permian upper Khuff C, the Early Triassic Khuff B and the Khuff A sequences, which corrrelate with global cycles. Seven high frequency sequences (HFSs) make up the Changhsingian upper Khuff C. These HFSs are ~400 k.y. duration and probably driven by long term eccentricity. The Early Triassic Khuff B and A sequences are made up of 4 HFSs each, which appear to be ~100 to 200 k.y. duration and not easily tied to eccentricity forcing. The HFSs are in turn composed of parasequences, which appear to be 10 to 20 k.y. average durations, suggesting precessional and half precessional forcing. However, many thin locally developed cycles may be autocycles or subprecessional cycles. Sequence stratigraphic cross sections and facies maps document progradation directions on the platform, reflecting the subtle interplay between the Ghawar structure and regional paleoslopes. Anhydrites are rare in the Permian Upper Khuff C except near the base of the studied interval. Anhydrites are well developed in the Triassic Khuff B and Khuff A where some form transgressive deposits while others are highstand deposits of high frequency sequences. The Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) on the Arabian Platform marks a significant relative sea-level drop, that exposed from the outcrop belt to somewhere east of Ghawar. This contrasts with transgressive PTB settings elsewhere. Across the PTB the mass extinction is marked by a major decrease in biotic groups. The extinction was followed by development of subtidal thrombolites and increased microbial calcification due to decreased bioskeletonization. The dominant reservoirs in the Permian Upper Khuff C occur in oolite in the uppermost high frequency sequence. In the Triassic Khuff B and A the reservoir facies are commonly non-dolomitized oolitic facies associated with open lagoon carbonates distant from evaporitic tidal flats. Within dolomitized units, best reservoirs are associated with oomoldic porosity, but oolite units proximal to evaporitic tidal flats have porosity plugged by anhydrite. Carbon and oxgyen isotope profiles up to 150 m long were obtained from cored wells of the Khuff Formation, Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia, across the Permian-Triassic boundary. Major global excursions are at the Changhsingian-Wuchiapingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary, but several smaller excursions also appear to correlate with excursions elsewhere. The presence of the negative C-isotope excursions globally in both δ¹³Ccarbonate and δ¹³C organic as well as in deeper water sections lacking emergence surfaces, strongly supports the idea of these excursions being global phenomena related global C cycling. Over 75% of the negative carbon isotope excursions in Ghawar occur beneath emergence surfaces, including the two major excursions at the Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian stage boundaries. The δ¹³C profiles beneath the boundaries resemble those iii associated with early diagenesis associated with isotopically light soil gas. The δ¹⁸O profiles beneath the surfaces are variable, perhaps reflecting variable effects of evaporation on the meteoric input, mixing or overprinting by burial diagenesis. This suggests that the C-isotope excursions on the Arabian Platform, although global in origin, appear to have been modified by early diagenesis. U depletion across the boundary is compatible with the postulated origins of the PTB event with bottom waters becoming stagnant and reducing, as a result of warming induced by volcanogenic CO₂ released by Siberian trap volcanism, methane release from thermal metamorphism of coals and destabilization of clathrates in the deep sea due to ocean warming. The global extent of the C-isotope and U excursions provides a high resolution correlation tool for Late Permian and Early Triassic successions. Ph. D.

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AlSarmi, Said Hamed Mohammed. "Recent climate change over the Arabian Peninsula : trends and mechanisms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39a76447-65a8-4e30-a4fa-70f531fc91e0.

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The global climate is changing. Compared with many parts of the world, especially North America and Europe, relatively little is known about how climate has changed over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) in recent decades. Quantifying the climate change in the mean and extreme temperature and precipitation variables and understanding the mechanisms behind these changes are essential for establishing adequate and proper adaptation strategies to ensure sustainability, reduce vulnerability and safeguard livelihoods. Four papers in this thesis contribute to that objective, utilising a combination of in situ high quality meteorological station data and high resolution regional climate model data. The first paper quantifies the trends in monthly, seasonal and annual mean, maximum, minimum temperatures and Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) variables and total precipitation. The station dataseries are tested for quality control and homogeneity. A non-parametric test is used to calculate the trends and evaluate the trend significance for individual stations, subregions (Non-monsoonal and Monsoonal) and for the whole area average. There is a high significant increase in the temperature variables especially the minimum temperature (during 1980-2008 and over all the AP the trend of annual minimum temperature is 0.55 °C decade-1 while the annual maximum temperature trend is 0.32 °C decade-1) which leads to significant decrease in the DTR. The precipitation is decline but insignificantly. The non-monsoonal region located north of 20° N has experienced higher rates of warming than the monsoonal region. Spring and summer seasons witness the highest significant warming. The interannual variability of the AP temperature and precipitation shows marked negative association after 1998. The second paper utilises the AP daily data of maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation to calculate climate extremes indices, evaluate the regional/subregional trends of these indices and assess the trend significance. There is a clear significant decrease of cold temperature extremes and a significant increase in the warm temperature extremes. The increase in the nighttime temperature extremes is remarkable in the last two decades (the rate of increase of the warm night frequency is 3.6&percnt; decade-1 during 1986-2008). The spatial trend patterns reveal a latitudinal distinction whereby the northern AP experiences an increase associated with day-time extremes while for the night-time extremes the trends are higher and significant for the southern region. Precipitation indices trends are weak and although they show general decrease in the last two decades they are insignificant. The changes in the Dew Point (Td) and the Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) indicate possible changes in the regional dynamics. The third paper uses the Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies (PRECIS) regional climate model forced by the European Centre for ERA-Interim re-analysis (ERA-Interim) to simulate the AP climate during 1990-2008. PRECIS simulation is validated based on climate mean and trends. The model simulation captures the mean climatic conditions and patterns, the increasing temperature tendency, as well as the decreasing precipitation observed in the last two decades. However, PRECIS has cold bias especially with the minimum temperature and it overestimates the precipitation over the high lands or regions close to them over the southwestern mountains and underestimates the precipitation over the southeastern mountains. The model products provide indications on the reasons behind the highest daytime spring warming (decrease of specific humidity) and significant nighttime summer warming (increase of Sea Surface Temperature (SST)). The model fails to simulate the recent increase of the nighttime temperature parameters over AP. The final paper addresses the possible local atmospheric circulations, SST and remote modes of variability associated with the recent AP climate extreme changes. Using the PRECIS simulation, composite difference maps for some surface, upper atmospheric circulation maps and SSTs between two period 1990-1997 and 1998-2008 have been calculated. The composite difference maps reveal significant local changes in these atmospheric and oceanic variables which possibly partly explain the recent regional warming and drying conditions during the last two decades. In addition, relationships of the regional/subregional extremes indices timeseries have been calculated with some known remote modes of variability. There is a clear, strong relation of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with the AP climate in all the seasons except in winter. The North Atlantic Caspian Sea Pattern (NCP) influences the regional climate in winter especially the temperature variables.

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Middleton, Deborah Antoinette. "Growth and expansion in post-war urban design strategies: C. A. Doxiadis and the first strategic plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia (1968-1972)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37094.

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This dissertation resituates C. A. Doxiadis in Post-War urban design history with a detailed examination of how urban growth and change was addressed by urban design strategies as applied in the master plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia, undertaken between 1968 and 1972. The Riyadh master plan commission is important within Doxiadis' career, occurring in the midst of his prolific writing projects and approximately eight years after he completed the Islamabad master plan, his most renowned project. Most Post-War architects focused on the socio-spatial components of urban life, elaborating architectural projects that intertwined transportation, infrastructure, and concentrated on mass housing strategies. This dissertation argues that Doxiadis' contribution to urban design theory and practice during the Post-War period was to define a rational scientific methodology for urban design that would restructure settlements to enable urban expansion and change while addressing issues of community building, governance and processes of development. The applied urban design for Riyadh Saudi Arabia strongly exemplifies Doxiadis' rational strategy and methodology as outlined in Ekistics theory and the conceptual model of Dynapolis. The comparative analysis examines how Doxiadis applies the Dynapolis model in the urban spatial planning of Riyadh to organize urban territory at the macro and local urban scales, define neighborhood communities, and connect the new master plan to the existing spatial territory of the city. The longitudinal analysis contrasts the Doxiadis master plan, Riyadh's first urban development strategy, to the most recent comprehensive approach MEDSTAR to understand how the Doxaidis' urban design has sustained its spatial continuity over time. This dissertation makes two significant contributions. The first is to broaden knowledge of Post-War urban design specific to the spatial problem of urban expansion and change, and second to resituate Doxiadis within the Post-War history of urban design specifically revealing his previously unrecognized project of the Riyadh master plan undertaken from 1968-1972.

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Delhopital, Nathalie. "Du monde des vivants au monde des morts en Nabatène, entre le 2ème siècle avant J.-C. et le 4ème siècle après J.-C : approche archéo-anthropologique des tombes de Khirbet Edh-Dharih, Pétra (Jordanie) et de Madâ'in Saleh (Arabie Saoudite)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR13993/document.

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Les Nabatéens représentent une ancienne peuplade du nord-ouest de l’Arabie qui a connu la prospérité entre le 1er siècle av. J.-C. et le 1er siècle ap. J.-C. Pour la période et la population considérées, les pratiques funéraires sont jusqu’à présent connues essentiellement à partir de l'architecture des nécropoles et de l'épigraphie. Une analyse archéo-anthropologique de sites s’avérait indispensable et elle constitue une part importante de ce travail, introduit par un rappel des données préexistantes. Les pratiques funéraires sont appréhendées en suivant les méthodes de l’anthropologie de terrain, appliquées à deux sites jordaniens (Khirbet edh-Dharih, Pétra) et un d’Arabie Saoudite (Madâ’in Sâlih). Cette approche permet de mettre en relation les gestes funéraires avec une analyse du recrutement des inhumés et celle du matériel archéologique présent dans les tombes. Pour chaque site, une étude anthropologique incorporant divers volets (morphométrie, variations anatomiques, indicateurs de stress et autres pathologies) a été conduite afin de contribuer à la définition de l’identité biologique des groupes humains inhumés. Ce travail conduit à l’interface du biologique et du culturel. Il apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les populations nabatéennes et autorise pour la première fois à une comparaison large, à la fois inter- et intra- sites. Les trois sites retenus permettent en effet de confronter les informations issues d’un village, Dharih, à celles de deux des villes les plus importantes du royaume nabatéen, Pétra et Madâ’in Sâlih The Nabataeans are an ancient tribe of north-west Saudi who has known prosperity between the 1st century BC and 1st century AD. For the considered period and the population, burial practices are so far known mostly from the architecture of cemeteries and epigraphy. An archaeo-anthropological analysis of the sites was indispensable and is an important part of this work introduced by a recall of pre-existing data. The burial practices are understood by following the methods of anthropological field applied to two Jordanian sites (Khirbet edh-Dharih, Petra) and Saudi Arabia (Madâ’in Sâlih). This approach allows us to relate funerary gestures with an analysis of recruitment and the archaeological materials found in the graves. For each site, an anthropological analysis incorporating various aspects (morphometry, anatomical variations, stress indicators and other disorders) was conducted in order to define the biological identity of buried human groups. This work led to the interface of biological and cultural. It brings a new point of view on the Nabatean population and, for the first time, it allows a wide inter-sites and intra-sites comparison. The three sites selected allows to confront information from a village, Dharih , to those of two of the most important cities of the Nabatean kingdom, Petra and Mada'in Salih

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Badkook, Maha Mohammed. "Effect of a high-MUFA diet alone or with combined vitamin E and C, or lycopene on the oxidative status, glycaemic control and lipid profiles in type II diabetics living in Saudia Arabia." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438740.

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31

Chames-Eddine, Imane-Hélène. "Une exhortation arabe à la philosophie : la Risālat al-tuffāḥa (Liber de pomo)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025SORUL024.

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La Risālat al-Tuffāḥa, connue également sous le titre latin de Liber de Pomo, est un dialogue inspiré du Phédon de Platon, qui met en scène un Aristote mourant, que le parfum d'une pomme maintient en vie. Le philosophe répond aux questions de ses disciples, avides de recueillir le sens ultime de son enseignement ; il les enjoint de ne pas craindre la mort et de choisir la philosophie, seule voie qui mène au salut. Aujourd'hui tombée dans l'oubli, cette œuvre fut pourtant l'une des plus populaires du Moyen Âge. Célèbre dès le Xe siècle dans sa version arabe, elle fut traduite en persan, en hébreu et en latin et joua un rôle important dans la construction de la figure médiévale du philosophe. Son origine est toutefois assez obscure : au vu du cadre qu'elle met en scène, on a pu émettre l'hypothèse qu'elle constituait la traduction d'une œuvre grecque antique. Or sa version arabe, source des traductions ultérieures n'a encore jamais été étudiée de manière détaillée. Ce travail propose ainsi une édition critique du texte arabe, assortie d'une traduction, et une étude qui tente de répondre à la question des origines de cette œuvre et explore sa riche postérité arabo-persane The Risālat al-Tuffāḥa, also known under the Latin title of Liber de Pomo, is a dialogue inspired by Plato's Phaedo, which features a dying Aristotle who manages to stay alive by smelling the scent of an apple. The philosopher answers his disciples' questions, as they are eager to learn the ultimate meaning of his teaching. He urges them to not fear death and to choose philosophy, the only path that leads to salvation. Nowadays forgotten, this text was however amongst the most popular works during the Middle Age. Famous in its Arabic version as early as the tenth century, it was then translated into Persian, Hebrew and Latin. It played a major role in the building of the medieval image of the philosopher. Its origin is however rather obscure: giving the settings that it presents, it has been suggested that this might be the translation of an ancient Greek work. Despite this hypothesis, the starting point of every research about the origin of this text still has to be the study of the Arabic version, as it is the text that has been used for the later translations. But this had, until now, never been thoroughly studied. Hence this work, that contains a critical edition of the Arabic text, a translation in French and a study that attempts to answer the question of the origins of this work and explores its rich Arabo-Persian reception

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Badel, Émilie. "Les bitumes archéologiques : exploitation et façonnage en Mésopotamie, au Khuzestân et en Arabie orientale du Néolithique à l'âge du Bronze ancien (du milieu du VIè au IIIè millénaires av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H032.

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Des matériaux hydrocarbonés façonnés par l'homme ont abondamment été découverts sur les sites du Proche-Orient ancien. Ces matériaux incluent du bitume visqueux suintant le long des rivières ou sur les falaises, des calcaires bitumineux, des sables bitumineux et des asphaltites. Le champ d'utilisation est vaste et regroupe plusieurs qualités physicochimiques mises à profit : adhésivité, imperméabilisant, conservation, poids, couleur noire, matière malléable ou sculptable. L'étude des modes d'exploitation et du cadre technique, menée sur un cadre chronologique couvrant le milieu du 6e au 3e millénaires av. J.-C. en Mésopotamie, au Khuzestân et en Arabie orientale, a permis d'apporter de nouvelles données sur la dynamique culturelle des sociétés proche-orientales. Cette approche axée sur l'homme et la matière n'avait jamais été entreprise auparavant sur ce matériau. Cette recherche est fondée sur un corpus de 4021 bitumes répartis sur 101 sites archéologiques. Les objets et fragments ont été classés suivant leur domaine d'utilisation permettant ainsi d'identifier plusieurs aires techniques. L'étude technologique, réalisée grâce à une approche pluridisciplinaire (archéométrie, ethnographie, épigraphie, expérimentation), restitue des chaînes opératoires pour l'exploitation des bitumes visqueux ou solides. Les textes cunéiformes de la fin du 3e millénaire témoignent de métiers dédiés au façonnage des bitumes, de leur prix et d'une hiérarchisation des sites au sein de leur exploitation. Les modèles de diffusion des techniques identifiés dans cette recherche mettent en évidence l'existence de foyers d'invention dans presque tout l'ensemble du Proche-Orient ancien Man-shaped hydrocarbonated materials have been widely discovered in ancient Near East archaeological sites. These materials include viscous bitumen seeping along rivers and cliffs, bituminous limestones, bituminous sands and asphaltites. Adhesiveness, impermeability, conservation, weight, dark color, ductility or sculptability are among the variety of physico-chemical characteristics which allow for a large scope of use. Research on bitumen exploitation methods and corresponding technical framework covers a timeframe from mid 6th to 3rd millennia B.C. over Mesopotamia, Khuzistan and Eastern Arabia. This study, focusing on man and bitumen materials, was never performed before and provides new valuable insights in relation to Near East societies cultural dynamics. We gathered and brought together a comprehensive and organized database composed of 4021 bitumen items from 101 different archaeological sites. The bitumen pieces, artifacts and fragments are presented following their scope of use thus allowing the identification of technical fields. The technological study was based on a pluridisciplinary approach including archeometry, ethnography, epigraphy and experimentation; it brings to light viscous or solid bitumen exploitation operational chains. Cuneiform texts from end of 3rd millennium testify bitumen professions and occupations, bitumen prices and a hierarchy of sites within their exploitation. The techniques spreading models identified in our research highlight the existence of invention spots in almost all ancient Near East

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Brunet, Olivier. "Les éléments de parure en pierre de la péninsule omanaise du 6è au 2è millénaire av. J.-C. : production, circulation, valeurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010689.

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Dans la péninsule omanaise, les éléments de parure font partie des artefacts les plus nombreux retrouvés dans les sites archéologiques du Néolithique et de l’âge du Bronze. Nous avons privilégié l’étude de plus de 100 000 perles en pierre (agate, cornaline, lapis-lazuli, pierre tendre verte, etc.) sur environ quatre millénaires, d’un point de vue morphologique, dimensionnel et surtout technologique. Parmi les principaux résultats, notons que deux catégories d’éléments de parure ont été mises en évidence, principalement à l’âge du Bronze (fin 4e-fin 2e millénaire av. J.-C.), l’une étant bien supérieure à l’autre. Ces deux catégories reflèteraient le savoir-faire d’ateliers différents localisés dans des régions distinctes. La majorité serait issue d’une production locale, d’autres de la région indo-pakistanaise pour certaines perles en cornaline ou d’Iran pour les perles en lapis-lazuli par exemple. Cette étude a permis de restituer les principaux réseaux de circulation pour chaque matériau minéral utilisés pour les perles à l’intérieur de la péninsule omanaise pour la production locale et entre les différentes régions voisines de cette zone dans le cas de perles importées. Nous avons aussi pu percevoir l’impact du contexte historique sur la circulation des matériaux entre la Péninsule d’Oman et les régions de l’Asie moyenne. Les éléments de parure sont des objets hautement symboliques, notamment dans la péninsule omanaise où ces artefacts expriment de nombreuses valeurs très diverses : marchande, apotropaïque, esthétique, temporelle, sexuelle, hiérarchique ou spirituelle In the Oman Peninsula, items of personal ornament are among the most numerous artifacts found at archaeological sites from the Neolithic and Bronze Age. This study focuses on more than 100,000 stone beads (agate, carnelian, lapis lazuli, green softstone, etc.), spanning approximately four millennia, from a morphological, dimensional, and especially technological perspective. Key results include the identification of only two categories of ornamental elements, mainly in the Bronze Age (late 4th-late 2nd millennium BC), one being of substantially higher quality than the other. These two categories reflect the expertise of different workshops located in distinct regions. The majority appears to be of local production, while others, such as some carnelian and lapis lazuli beads, are likely from the Indo-Pakistan region or Iran, respectively. This study permitted the recreation of the main circulation patterns for each mineral material used in the manufacture of beads, both within the Oman Peninsula for those produced locally, and between neighboring regions in the case of imported beads. It is also possible to see the impact of historical context on the circulation of material between the Oman Peninsula and Middle Asia. Elements of personal ornamentation are highly symbolic objects, especially in the Oman Peninsula where these artifacts convey many diverse values: commercial, apotropaic, aesthetic, temporal, sexual, hierarchical, or spiritual

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El, Hachimi Lucile. "Métaphysique et perfection : l’articulation fārābīenne du théorique et du pratique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL111.

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Cette thèse présente la pensée d’al-Fārābī, premier des grands philosophes arabes aristotéliciens, comme une philosophie systématique de la réalisation. En partant du nœud problématique de l’articulation du théorique et du pratique, il s’agit d’interroger l’unification totalisante qui caractérise l’œuvre du « Second Maître ». Notre hypothèse est que cette réalisation, aussi bien intensive, comme parachèvement, qu’extensive comme intégration, s’opère grâce à une redéfinition de deux concepts (néo-)aristotéliciens : la métaphysique et la perfection. Ces deux notions qu’al-Fārābī transforme, afin de proposer des résolutions à des tensions propres aux positions aristotéliciennes, conduisent à un système philosophique original. La notion de fiṭra, qui définit la figure fārābīenne de l’homme, s’appuie sur l’interprétation essentialiste de la perfection d’Alexandre d’Aphrodise et permet de construire une nature humaine comme disposition prise dans une logique de substantialisation. Avec ce nouveau concept, al-Fārābī inscrit au cœur de la substance un dynamisme, tout en rendant essentiel son parachèvement. De cette étape fondationnelle, il fait émerger une véritable science pratique autour la vertu délibérative et des règles qu’elle produit. Or cela n’est possible que sur le fond de transformations ontologiques majeures : apparaît alors la chose, l’ontologie formelle qu’elle permet et la distinction entre l’essence et l’existence qu’elle présuppose. L’action politique du philosophe qui, par sa substantialisation, offre à tous, sous forme religieuse, leur réalisation permet l’intégration architectonique de l’ensemble des existants manifestant par là ce que c’est qu’être principe This PhD thesis is a study of the thought of al-Fārābī, the first of the main Aristotelian Arabic philosophers, and presents it as a systematic philosophy of realisation. Starting with the problematic crux of the articulation between the theoretical and the practical, it questions the totalizing unification that characterizes the “Second Master’s” work. Our hypothesis is that this realisation, both in its intensive form as completion and its extensive form as integration, takes place through a redefinition of two (neo-)Aristotelian concepts: metaphysics and perfection. These two notions, that al-Fārābī transforms in order to offer answers to tensions proper to the Aristotelian positions, lead to an original philosophical system. The notion of fiṭra, which defines the Fārābīan human figure, is based on Alexander of Aphrodisias’ essentialist interpretation of perfection. It enables an elaboration of human nature as a disposition in the logic of substantialization. With this new concept, al-Fārābī inscribes a dynamic at the heart of the substance while rendering its completion essential. From this foundational step, he erects a genuine practical science built around the deliberative virtue and the rules it produces. This is only possible through major ontological transformations: thus the concept of thing appears, as well as the formal ontology it enables and the distinction between essence and existence which it presupposes. Through his substantialization, the philosopher offers everyone their realisation in the form of religion, so that his political action enables the architectonic integration of all existents, hence showing what it is to be a principle

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El, Hachimi Lucile. "Métaphysique et perfection : l’articulation fārābīenne du théorique et du pratique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL111.

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Cette thèse présente la pensée d’al-Fārābī, premier des grands philosophes arabes aristotéliciens, comme une philosophie systématique de la réalisation. En partant du nœud problématique de l’articulation du théorique et du pratique, il s’agit d’interroger l’unification totalisante qui caractérise l’œuvre du « Second Maître ». Notre hypothèse est que cette réalisation, aussi bien intensive, comme parachèvement, qu’extensive comme intégration, s’opère grâce à une redéfinition de deux concepts (néo-)aristotéliciens : la métaphysique et la perfection. Ces deux notions qu’al-Fārābī transforme, afin de proposer des résolutions à des tensions propres aux positions aristotéliciennes, conduisent à un système philosophique original. La notion de fiṭra, qui définit la figure fārābīenne de l’homme, s’appuie sur l’interprétation essentialiste de la perfection d’Alexandre d’Aphrodise et permet de construire une nature humaine comme disposition prise dans une logique de substantialisation. Avec ce nouveau concept, al-Fārābī inscrit au cœur de la substance un dynamisme, tout en rendant essentiel son parachèvement. De cette étape fondationnelle, il fait émerger une véritable science pratique autour la vertu délibérative et des règles qu’elle produit. Or cela n’est possible que sur le fond de transformations ontologiques majeures : apparaît alors la chose, l’ontologie formelle qu’elle permet et la distinction entre l’essence et l’existence qu’elle présuppose. L’action politique du philosophe qui, par sa substantialisation, offre à tous, sous forme religieuse, leur réalisation permet l’intégration architectonique de l’ensemble des existants manifestant par là ce que c’est qu’être principe This PhD thesis is a study of the thought of al-Fārābī, the first of the main Aristotelian Arabic philosophers, and presents it as a systematic philosophy of realisation. Starting with the problematic crux of the articulation between the theoretical and the practical, it questions the totalizing unification that characterizes the “Second Master’s” work. Our hypothesis is that this realisation, both in its intensive form as completion and its extensive form as integration, takes place through a redefinition of two (neo-)Aristotelian concepts: metaphysics and perfection. These two notions, that al-Fārābī transforms in order to offer answers to tensions proper to the Aristotelian positions, lead to an original philosophical system. The notion of fiṭra, which defines the Fārābīan human figure, is based on Alexander of Aphrodisias’ essentialist interpretation of perfection. It enables an elaboration of human nature as a disposition in the logic of substantialization. With this new concept, al-Fārābī inscribes a dynamic at the heart of the substance while rendering its completion essential. From this foundational step, he erects a genuine practical science built around the deliberative virtue and the rules it produces. This is only possible through major ontological transformations: thus the concept of thing appears, as well as the formal ontology it enables and the distinction between essence and existence which it presupposes. Through his substantialization, the philosopher offers everyone their realisation in the form of religion, so that his political action enables the architectonic integration of all existents, hence showing what it is to be a principle

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"Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para diferenciação de café torrado arábica (C. arabica) e Conilon (C. canephora) e misturas." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2004. http://bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000100198.

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Alrefaei, Malik. "Kenntnisstand und interkulturelle Erfahrungen zu ADHS bei arabischen Eltern und Lehrkräften in Deutschland und in Saudi-Arabien." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86DD-C.

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Zhou, Yu-Hui, and 周玉蕙. "Application of laccase-catalyzed crosslinking to gum arabic- gelatin coated water-in-oil-in-water emulsions for vitamin C microencapsulation with antioxidative properties." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tv5p59.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 化學工程研究所 105 In this study, vitamin C emulsions were coated with natural polymers to form W/O/W emulsion microcapsules, exhibiting antioxidation effect and friendly biodegradation effect in the environment. Using vitamin C emulsion as a core, gum arabic and pigskin gelatin as a shell with addition of laccase as a cross-linking agent, we applied a method of complex coacervation to prepare microcapsules. By varying the addition level of enzyme and the weight ratio of core-to-shell materials, the resulting coating rate and yield rate of microcapsules were investigated. We also measured the turbidity and gelation effects by changing the zeta-potentials of gum arabic and gelatin solutions, respectively, with the variation of pH values and concentrations. The experimental results indicated that vitamin C are stable against dissociation at pH under 3.5 and the interactive adsorption between gum arabic and gelation polymers of opposite charge are able to coat vitamin C emulsions in the form of core-to-shell double layers. As shown by the decreasing of turbidity from 2670 FAU down to 679 FAU, a significant gelation between the two polymers with the weight ratio of 4 to 6 of gelatin to gum arabic was found to form the optimum shell structure for vitamin C emulsions. After adding laccase cross-linking, the yield and coating rate of microcapsules were higher than 80% under the optimum conditions, and through the FTIR analysis of the vitamin C emulsion, it was found that laccase did not significantly affect the main structure. Therefore, the addition of laccase not only improved the yield rate and coating rate of microcapsules but also achieving the effect of protecting vitamin C emulsion. As for application of hair protection, the antioxidant protection effects of hair treatments were up to 75%, with high resistance to UV light exposure for up to 5 days.

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Garner, Solomon T. "The synthesis of 1-[3-C-cyano-2, 3-Dideoxy-[beta]-L-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl]thymine;1-[2-C-cyano-2, 3-Dideoxy-[beta]-L-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl]thymine and 1-(3-C-Cyano-3-deoxy-[beta]-L-arabino-pentofuranosyl]thymine and computational studies of 1-[2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-[beta]-D-arabinofuranosyl]cytosine." 2001. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/garner%5Fsolomon%5Ft%5F200112%5Fms.

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林璟妤. "(1) a-Stereoselective Glycosylation of Thioglucopyranoside Donor with Additive DMF and its Derivatives(2) Neighboring Group Participation of C-2 Ether Function in (Nitrile Solvent)-Directed Glycosylation and its Application to a-(1-5)-Arabinan Oligomers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58196789082377859528.

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碩士 國立交通大學 應用化學系碩博士班 99 Part Ι. A modest a-selectivity in DMF-mediated glycosylation with thioglucopyranoside donor was obtained, which was accompanied by some drawbacks such as low reaction yield and longed reaction time. To seek for a better substitution for DMF additive, we used the computational calculation to analyze the electron density of heteroatom of selected derivatives. The results revealed that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was a possible substitution for DMF owing to the good yield and acceptable reaction time. Part ΙΙ. The C-2 ether protecting function of thioarabinosyl donor in nitrile co-solvent mixture was found to play a participation role and led to a 1,2-trans selectivity . We reveal a Ritter-like association of the oxygen atom in the C-2 ether function with the entrapped nitrile molecule, when they are configured in cis orientation. Application of this concept enables us to develop efficient strategy for the preparation of linear a(1-5) arabinan oligomers.

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Klütsch, Cornelya F. C. [Verfasser]. "Evolutionary history of Southern Arabian faunal elements with a special focus on habitat fragmentation of two model organisms, Reissita simonyi (REBEL, 1899; Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and Hyla savignyi (AUDOUIN, 1827; Amphibia: Hylidae) / vorgelegt von Cornelya F. C. Klütsch." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980248132/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'C. arabica'

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