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Maftuch, Maftuch, Bramantiyo Satriyo Wicaksosno, Febi Nadhila Nurin, and Andhang Sebastian. "Molecular Expressions : Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in Gills of Cyprinus carpio Infected Myxobolus sp." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 13, no. 2 (2021): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v13i2.25484.
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Highlight Research:It has been found that many fish died with wounds from farmers in Blitar, Indonesia.The mucosal smear test from mucosal gills of C. carpio infected with Myxobolus.In the blood smear test of C. carpio, there was no myxobolus found in the blood.In gill organ testing using SEM that Myxobolus is found in gills (C. carpio).The shape of Myxobolus resembles an imperfect ball with a hollow in the middle. AbstractThe biggest problem that is often considered to be an obstacle to Common carp culture is the emergence of disease attacks. One type of disease that often attacks the seeds of Cyprinus carpio is Myxobolus (a systemic parasite that can cause harm to fish farming). The aim of this study was to determine the molecular expression through the smear test on C. carpio gills, to determine the image of the gill organs of C. carpio using the SEM test, and to determine the description of the spores of Myxobolus sp. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Descriptive method used was comparative descriptive comparing molecular expression in the test of gill mucosal smear of fish using a light microscope and gill organ testing using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) on C. carpio infected by Myxobolus sp. In this study, the results showed that in C. carpio infected with true Myxobolus found the presence of Myxobolus in the mucosal smear test and SEM test on gill tissue, but not found in the blood smear test.
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Prasai, Shristi, Puja Shrestha, Sriniwas Pandey, Ishika Adhikari, Srijana Gurung, and Kamil Prajapati. "Microbial Quality Assessment of Raw Freshwater Fish Sold in Local Markets of Kathmandu Valley." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54796/njb.v10i1.225.
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Microbial quality of Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias batrachus collected from the markets of Kathmandu valley was evaluated. 9 freshwater fish (skin, gills, intestine) were sampled and were analyzed for Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fecal Coliform Count (TFCC). The average TPC ranged from 4.1 x 107 to 1.02 x 108 cfu/gm, with the highest count in C. batrachus and the lowest in C. carpio, whereas the organ wise load was the highest in intestine with 1.3 x 108 cfu/gm and the lowest in skin with 1.02 x 107 cfu/gm. The highest TCC and TFCC was found in C. carpio and C. batrachus respectively, whereas organ wise distribution showed the highest count in intestine for both TCC and TFCC. The pathogens isolated from the samples were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. E. coli was isolated from 67% of L. rohita, 44.44% of C. carpio and 66.67% of C. batrachus. S. aureus was isolated from 44.44% of both L. rohita and C. batrachus whereas 55.55% of C. carpio. CoNS were isolated from 33.33% of L. rohita, 22.22% of C. carpio and 33.33% of C. batrachus. S. Typhi was isolated from 11.11% of C. carpio and 22.22% of C. batrachus. S. Paratyphi was isolated from 11.11% of both L. rohita and C. batrachus, V. cholerae was isolated from 11.11% of L. rohita, 33.33% of C. carpio and 22.22% of C. batrachus. The observation of this study showed higher bacterial load in all of the fishes above the acceptance level and presence of Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and potential human pathogens suggests that the microbial quality of the fish available in the market is not satisfactory. Hence, the fishes possess a threat to public health safety and there is an urgent need to improve the Quality Control and Quality Assurance Systems for fish markets of Kathmandu valley.
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Shalgimbayeva, Gulmira, Alexander Volkov, Natalia Slobodova, et al. "Genetic Investigation of Aral Wild Common Carp Populations (Cyprinus carpio) Using ddRAD Sequencing." Diversity 13, no. 7 (2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070295.
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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widespread freshwater fish species of the Cyprinidae family, one of the largest and most diverse fish families. The natural habitats of C. carpio extend from Western Europe to South-East Asia. Common carp has remained an economically important fish species in aquaculture for many centuries and its production nowadays exceeds 4 million tons worldwide and continues to grow. The taxonomy of C. carpio is complicated, since this species is usually distinguished in two, three, and even four distinct subspecies. In the present study, we used ddRAD-sequencing to genotype 30 specimens from five wild common carp populations from the Ponto-Caspian, Balkhash-Ile, and Aral Sea geographical regions. It is demonstrated that they differ at the population level according to F-statistics analysis. At the same time, the subspecies status of C. carpio aralensis has not yet been confirmed. We found several loci that can be used as a discriminant for Aral and Ponto-Caspian wild common carp populations. It is suggested that Aral carp (C. carpio aralensis), which inhabits Balkhash-Ile and Aral Sea basins, is related to Ponto-Caspian or European carp (C. carpio carpio). Moreover, Aral carp might be the ancestor for European carp subspecies. Our results can be used to develop population-specific, high-density SNP marker panels, allowing the trade control of common carp production in the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Sari, Desi Rindina Wulan. "EFEKTIVITAS PERENDAMAN PERASAN BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN INFESTASI Argulus sp. PADA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Sains Akuakultur Tropis 5, no. 1 (2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/sat.v5i1.10469.
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Berkembangnya usaha budidaya ikan mas tidak terlepas dari permasalahan berupa munculnya serangan penyakit. Penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) adalah dari golongan ektoparasit seperti Argulus sp. yang dapat menyebabakan penyakit Argulosis. Salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan serangan Argulus sp. yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan alami seperti biji pepaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman perasan biji pepaya terhadap (1) kelulushidupan ikan mas (C. carpio L.) yang diinfeksi Argulus sp.; (2) mortalitas Argulus sp.; (3) mengetahui dosis terbaik perasan biji pepaya sebagai pengendali infestasi Argulus sp. pada ikan mas (C. carpio L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan perasan biji pepaya dengan dosis A (10 ml/l), B (20 ml/l), C (30 ml/l), D (40 ml/l) dan K (dimilin 1,5 g/l). Ikan mas (C. carpio L.) yang digunakan berjumlah 75 ekor dengan panjang 5,71±0,60 cm dan bobot 3,53±1,23 g, kemudian Argulus sp. sebanyak 225 ekor. Analisis data meliputi gejala klinis ikan, kelulushidupan ikan, mortalitas Argulus sp. serta kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman perasan biji pepaya berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan ikan mas (C. carpio L.) dan mortalitas Argulus sp. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perendaman pada perlakuan C (30 ml/l) merupakan dosis terbaik yang dapat menyebabkan mortalitas pada Argulus sp. dan meningkatkan kelulushidupan ikan mas (C. carpio L.) sebesar 86,67±11,5% dan mortalitas Argulus sp. sebesar 75,56±7,70%.
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Wagaw, Solomon, Yirga Enawgaw, and Injigu Wendimu. "Population Dynamics of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) Stock in Lake Arekit, Ethiopia: Implications for Management and Conservation." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2024 (January 8, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9940938.
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Cyprinus carpio is a widely distributed and commercially important fish species in Ethiopia. Effective management is essential to sustain fisheries and provide benefits to local communities. This study aims to estimate the growth, mortality, and exploitation rate of C. carpio using length-frequency data. A total of 194 C. carpio specimens (117 females and 77 males) were collected between June 2022 and May 2023. The population parameters were determined using FISAT (ELEFAN I) software. The Von Bertalanffy growth function estimations were L∞ = 51.45 cm total length, K = 1.1 year−1; t0 = −0.124 year, and growth performance index (Φ′) = 3.464. The total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M), and fishing mortality rate (F) were 2.55 year−1, 1.58 year−1, and 0.97 year−1, respectively. The estimated potential longevity (tmax) and average age at which C. carpio attains length at the optimum cohort biomass or yield per recruit (Lopt = 34.79) in Lake Arekit were calculated as 2.60 years and 1.29 years, respectively. The Z/K ratio (2.32), exploitation rate (E = F/Z = 0.38), and highest permissible yield per recruit for C. carpio (Emax = 0.421) suggest enhancing fishery production by increasing the exploitation rate of the underexploited C. carpio in Lake Arekit. The results of this study provide information on the stock of C. carpio, which can be used to guide management efforts. The fish catch in Lake Arkeit is currently far lower than it could be. Therefore, the fish harvest should be boosted through the use of permitted nets, the establishment of groups of fishermen who can catch fish effectively, and the linking of the benefits of fish farming’s supply chain to the potential of fisheries.
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Mondol, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Md Mosaddequr Rahman, Dil Afroz Nahar, et al. "Diet and Feeding Habits of Cyprinus carpio in Relation with Water Quality of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem." Our Nature 11, no. 2 (2014): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i2.9647.
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This study describes the diets and feeding habits of Cyprinus carpio in integrated rice-fish farming system in the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Central Bangladesh during May 1999 to August 1999. Percentage of frequency of occurrence and percentage in number methods were applied for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of plankton. The water quality parameters recorded during the study were within the suitable range for optimal fish growth and plankton populations were also abundant in the water of the rice plots. The phytoplankton population recorded from the gut contents of C. carpio was under 4 groups (viz., Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae) and the zooplankton under 3 groups (viz., Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda). Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae were the dominant phytoplankton group while Rotifera was the dominant zooplankton group in the gut contents of C. carpio. This study also revealed that, gut contents of C. carpio was composed of 48.47% phytoplankton and 51.53% zooplankton indicating omnivorous nature of the fish. The availability of plankton population in the rice plots and the food and feeding habits of C. carpio suggest that, this fish could be a vital candidate for integrated rice-fish aquaculture.
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Winker, Henning, Olaf L. F. Weyl, Anthony J. Booth, and Bruce R. Ellender. "Life history and population dynamics of invasive common carp, Cyprinus carpio, within a large turbid African impoundment." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 11 (2011): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11054.
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As one of the most widely established freshwater fishes globally, the invasive success of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is beyond dispute. Although detailed knowledge on its biology would assist in its management, relatively few life history studies have investigated C. carpio outside of its natural range. The present study analyses the life history and population structure of exotic C. carpio in a 364 km2 African impoundment. We used whole astericus otoliths to show that C. carpio attained ages of up to 7 years and grew more rapidly than has been recorded for any population from Europe or Australia. Macroscopic staging of gonads indicated protracted spawning, with highest reproductive activity observed during late spring and early summer. Total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality rates were estimated at 0.72, 0.60 and 0.12 year–1 respectively. Life history comparisons across the species’ global distribution showed large variations in growth and longevity, whereas early maturation (2–3 years) appeared to be a rather conservative trait. The combination of early maturity, fast growth and relatively high natural mortality rates suggests a rapid population growth potential associated with high resilience to management interventions once C. carpio has been introduced.
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Mahboob, S., K. A. Al-Ghanim, H. F. Alkahem Al-Balawi, F. Al-Misned, and Z. Ahmed. "Study on assessment of proximate composition and meat quality of fresh and stored Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 4 (2019): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.187647.
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Abstract The organoleptic evaluation and proximate analysis of Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio were determined in fresh fish and when refrigerated at two different temperatures (-21 °C and 4 °C) for a period of six weeks. A panel of twelve trained judges evaluated the color (live), texture, softness and flavor of fish meat after two minutes’ steam cooking. Average score revealed a general decline in organoleptic properties such as color, texture, freshness, and taste of C. gariepinus and C. carpio stored at two temperatures compared to the fresh fish. Proximate analysis revealed a more decrease in crude protein and lipid contents and increase in ash content in C. gariepinus and C. carpio at the two storage temperatures compared to the fresh fish muscle. Moisture content decreased in the fish muscle samples of both the fish species stored at -21 °C but increased in the 4 °C stored samples. pH of fish was found to increase in the two stored temperatures. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the organoleptic and proximate composition of the ice stored and fresh C. gariepinus and C. carpio, the same temperature and between the two different temperatures. The quality of fish muscle stored at 4 °C deteriorated faster than that of the -21 °C. Thus, storage temperature and duration have adverse effects on the nutritional quality of fish meat.
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Mahboob, Shahid, Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim, Fahad Al-Misned, et al. "Impact of Water Pollution on Trophic Transfer of Fatty Acids in Fish, Microalgae, and Zoobenthos in the Food Web of a Freshwater Ecosystem." Biomolecules 9, no. 6 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9060231.
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This research work was carried out to determine the effects of water contamination on the fatty acid (FA) profile of periphyton, zoobenthos, two Chinese carps and a common carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharygodon idella and Cyprinus carpio), captured from highly polluted (HP), less polluted (LP), and non-polluted (NP) sites of the Indus river. We found that the concentration of heavy metals in the river water from the polluted locations exceeded the permissible limits suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Fatty acid profiles in periphyton, zoobenthos, H. molitrix, C. idella, and C. carpio in the food web of river ecosystems with different pollution levels were assessed. Lauric acid and arachidic acids were not detected in the biomass of periphyton and zoobenthos from HP and LP sites compared to NP sites. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosadienoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid were not recorded in the biomass samples of periphyton and zoobenthos in both HP and LP sites. Caprylic acid, lauric acid, and arachidic acid were not found in H. molitrix, C. idella, and C. carpio captured from HP. In this study, 6 and 9 omega series FAs were identified in the muscle samples of H. molitrix, C. idella and C. carpio captured from HP and LP sites compared to NP sites, respectively. Less polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in the muscle samples of H. molitrix, C. idella, and C. carpio collected from HP than from LP. The heavy metals showed significant negative correlations with the total FAs in periphyton, zoobenthos, and fish samples.
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Ahmed, S. M. "Note on feeding relationships of three species of cyprinid fish larvae in Al-Huwaiza marsh, Southern Iraq." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 26, no. 1 (2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v26i1.189.
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Food composition of three cyprinid larvae (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus and Alburnus mosulensis) in Al-Huwaiza marsh has been studied during March and April 2006. The diet of these cyprinid larvae were consist mainly of zooplankton dominated by copepods both adult and larval stages followed by Cladocera Rotifera, aquatic insects and Ostracoda. The food of plant origin also exists and consists of diatoms and filamentous algae. Costello graphical plot showed that these larvae are generalist feeders. This strategy result in lower competition and allow these three species to co-occur in relatively high density in this marsh area. The food similarity between C. carpio and C. auratus was 0.60, between C. carpio and A. mosulensis was 0.44, while it was 0.72 between C. auratus and A. mosulensis. The food overlap analysis showed that C. carpio; C. auratus and A. mosulensis larvae share a wide range of prey types. Competition for food is possible However, direct competition seemed to be avoided to some extent as a result of great food availability in Al-Huwaiza marsh which makes it as a suitable nursery and feeding site for many cyprinid fish.
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Mathew, Sherin, Sankarganesh P, and Baby Joseph. "Ecotoxicological Effects of Lead Exposed Cyprinus carpio and HSP70-Induced Antioxidants against ROS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 04 (2023): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.4.09.
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Lead (Pb) is one of the leading heavy metal pollutions in freshwater sources. This study summarises lead accumulation in freshwater fish Cyprus carpio and its toxicological effects. Pb is known to induce neuro, nephro, and hepatotoxicity in C. carpio and, finally, humans. The effect of Pb leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the tissues of C. carpio. Antioxidant assays revealed the extent of free radical scavenging activity of the infected tissues. LC50 at a time interval of 24 hours showed a concentration of 7.919 ppm. ROS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of Pb toxicity was observed in the kidneys, liver, and brain of C. carpio. Not only free radicals but also Pb toxicity have been known to activate heat shock proteins as a result of oxidative stress management. This study has raised alarming responses to freshwater aquaculture to initiate control measures against the toxicity and prevent its further entry into the food chain.
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Gilad, Oren, Susan Yun, Mark A. Adkison, et al. "Molecular comparison of isolates of an emerging fish pathogen, koi herpesvirus, and the effect of water temperature on mortality of experimentally infected koi." Journal of General Virology 84, no. 10 (2003): 2661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19323-0.
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Koi herpesvirus (KHV) has been associated with devastating losses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) in North America, Europe, Israel and Asia. A comparison of virion polypeptides and genomic restriction fragments of seven geographically diverse isolates of KHV indicated that with one exception they represented a homogeneous group. A principal environmental factor influencing the onset and severity of disease is water temperature. Optimal growth of KHV in a koi fin cell line occurred at temperatures from 15–25 °C. There was no growth or minimal growth at 4, 10, 30 or 37 °C. Experimental infections of koi with KHV at a water temperature of 23 °C resulted in a cumulative mortality of 95·2 %. Disease progressed rapidly but with lower mortality (89·4–95·2 %) at 28 °C. Mortality (85·0 %) also occurred at 18 °C but not at 13 °C. Shifting virus-exposed fish from 13–23 °C resulted in the rapid onset of mortality.
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HOLZER, ASTRID SIBYLLE, P. BARTOŠOVÁ, H. PECKOVÁ, et al. "‘Who's who’ in renal sphaerosporids (Bivalvulida: Myxozoa) from common carp, Prussian carp and goldfish – molecular identification of cryptic species, blood stages and new members of Sphaerospora sensu stricto." Parasitology 140, no. 1 (2012): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012001175.
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SUMMARYMyxozoans are a group of diverse, spore-forming metazoan microparasites bound to aquatic environments. Sphaerospora dykovae (previously S. renicola) causes renal sphaerosporosis and acute swim bladder inflammation (SBI) in juvenile Cyprinus carpio carpio, in central Europe. A morphologically similar species with comparably low pathogenicity, S. angulata has been described from C. c. carpio, Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius gibelio. To clarify uncertainties and ambiguities in taxon identification in these hosts we decided to re-investigate differences in spore morphology using a statistical approach, in combination with SSU and LSU rDNA sequence analyses. We found that developing spores of S. angulata and S. dykovae cannot be distinguished morphologically and designed a duplex PCR assay for the cryptic species that demonstrated S. dykovae is specific to C. c. carpio, whereas S. angulata infects C. a. auratus and C. gibelio. The molecular identification of myxozoan blood stages in common carp and goldfish, which had previously been ascribed to Sphaerospora spp. showed that approximately 75% of blood stages were from non-sphaerosporid coelozoic species infecting these cyprinids and more than 10% were from an alien species, Myxobilatus gasterostei, developing in sticklebacks. We hereby report non-selective myxozoan host invasion and multi-species infections, whose role in SBI still requires clarification.
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Hwang, Ju-ae, Jung Eun Kim, Jeong-Ho Lee, Dae-Hee Kim, and Hyeong Su Kim. "Analysis of Red Coverage in Red- and White-koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Red- and White-koi Carp (C. carpio)×Red Common Carp (C. carpio) Cross Progenies." Korean Journal of Ichthyology 30, no. 4 (2018): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35399/isk.30.4.7.
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Shahbaz Azhar, Muhammad, Muhammad Zubair Anjum, Shamim Akhter, Muhammad Mujahid Anwar, and Shaista Bibi. "Degree-Hours to Spawning Response, Fertilization Rate and Hatching of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio through Induced Breeding by using Ovaprim under a Captivity." Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 1, no. 2 (2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/agrivet.01.02.0254.
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A breeding experiment was conducted on Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio April to August 2022 at Tawakkal Fish Hatchery at Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan. A single dose of intramuscular injection of Ovaprim with 0.7 ml/kg for female and 0.2 ml/kg for male brooders of both species were administrated. After hormonal adminteration brooders were kept in the circular tank for spawning. The 100% ovulation rate was observed in both species. Spawning response was observed after the latency period of (8.80±0.1-10.84±0.02 hours) and (8.1±0.26-9.8±0.01 hours) in Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio respectively at water temperature range from 22-28 °C. Fertilization rate (61-73%) was observed in Hypophthalmichthys nobilis while, in Cyprinus carpio it was (60-76%) at water temperature range 22-28 °C respectively. Degree-hours to spawning were calculated in Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (238.2±1.46-246.4±1) while in Cyprinus carpio it was (215.6±1.3- 226.8±1.28) respectively. Hatching rate of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis was calculated as (52-70 %), while in Cyprinus carpio it was (56 -71 %) and degree-hours to hatching was calculated as (748-784) and (682-702) respectively at water temperature range 22-28 °C respectively. Overall, the rates of fertilization and hatching increases with the increase of water temperature up to limit. These findings can be used to calculate spawning probabilities to enable future spawning predictions for the Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio.
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Adamek, Zdenek, Maria Anton-Pardo, Lorenzo Vilizzi, and Jane Roberts. "Successful reproduction of common carp Cyprinus carpio in irrigation waterways." Fisheries Management and Ecology 22, no. 4 (2015): 279–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12123.
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Some key reproductive characters of invasive common carp, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> L., were studied in an irrigation system of south-eastern Australia. Spawning occurred on a variety of natural (i.e. submerged vegetation, plant debris and stones) and artificial substrates, and the presence of 0+ individuals was an indicator of spawning success. Compared with other <em>C. carpio</em> stocks worldwide, the lower minimum length at maturity reflected the higher water temperatures of the region, whereas the relatively lower mean pseudo-gonadosomatic indices were attributed to less diverse food resources than those available in floodplain areas. The successful reproduction of feral <em>C. carpio</em> in irrigation waterways confirms its high adaptability and plasticity of traits and its classification into the phytolithophil guild, as opposed to the phytophil wild form. The findings of the present study should be given careful consideration in view of preventative measures for further spread of invasive <em>C. carpio</em> in similar waterways worldwide, but also for the enhancement of the species' fisheries in some man-made reservoirs.
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Hossain, Md Rayhan, Md Akhter Hossain, Shishir Kumer Dey, Sayeeda Sultana, and Rubia Akter. "Evaluation of the growth performance of fishes in industrial waste fed ponds under Rajshahi City Corporation." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 1, no. 3 (2016): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v1i3.64015.
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Growth performance of fishes was evaluated for a period of six months (May to October, 2007) in industrial waste fed ponds located at Rajshahi City under three different treatments of species variation namely Tl (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio) in non waste pond, T2 (L. rohita, C. catla, C. mrigala, H. molitrix, C. carpio, Labeo bata) in industrial waste fed pond and T3 (L. rohita, C. catla, C. mrigala, H. molitrix, C. carpio, L. bata, Oreochromis nilotica) in waste fed pond. All the treatments were replicated twice. Stocking density 14,000 individuals/ha was same for all the treatments. The average initial weight of fish was 28.9g. Treatments had no significant effect on the mean SGR and survival rate of fishes except C. carpio. Mean SGR (%, bwd-1), weight gain (g), final weight (g) and survival rate (%) varied from 1.14±0.26 (T2) to 1.67±0.44 (T1), 34.00±2.81 (T2), to 114.22±12.37 (T1), 235.75±2.59 (T3) to 752.50±4.50 (T1), 60.50±4.50 (T3) to 82.50±2.50% (T2), respectively. Total fish yield (Kg/ha) significantly (P<0.05) varied from 2234.50±24.40 (T2), to 2532.50±1.50 (T1). Mean water temperature [(27.73±0.50 (T1) to 28.09±0.53°C (T2)], dissolved oxygen [(4.45±0.18 (T3) to 6.00±0.22 mg/l (T2)], pH (7.73±0.11 (T1) to 8.32±0.15 (T3)], ammonia-nitrogen [(0.0069±0.0018 (T1) to 0.039±0.0029 mg/1 (T3)] and total alkalinity (95.09±3.22 (T1) to 160.49±18.97 mg/I (T2) significantly (P<0.05) varied under the different treatments.
 Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (3), 492-503
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Andrabi, Saima, Muni Parveen, and Yahya Bakhtiyar. "Length-length, length-weight relationship and condition factor of an ecological invader, Cyprinus carpio (Linneaus, 1758) from Manasbal Lake of Kashmir Himalaya, India." Journal of Fisheries 9, no. 3 (2021): 93203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.330.
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The common carp Cyprinus carpio is a well-known invasive species. A total of 472 specimens of C. carpio (8.6–35 cm, 10.5–1000 g) were collected from Manasbal Lake of Kashmir Himalaya for this study between March 2018 and February 2020. A strong correlation between the respective parameters of length-length and length-weight with r and R2 values approaching to 1 in both. The regression analysis indicated negative allometric growth for both sexes. For female, b value ranged from 2.04 (in spring) to 2.80 (in summer) whereas for male, it varied from 1.99 (in spring) to 2.99 (in summer). The value of Fulton’s (K) and relative (Kn) condition factors were greater than 1 in every season for both sexes which indicated that C. carpio population in the Manasbal Lake is in a good health condition and the water quality parameters along with other respective factors are favourable for successful thriving of this fish in the lake. The present study will be helpful to develop future strategies in terms of sustainable management of invasive C. carpio in the Manasbal Lake and similar water bodies.
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R., James. "EFFECT OF COPPER AND MORINGA DIET ON SURVIVAL AND BEHAVIOURS IN CYPRINUS CARPIO." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 1 (2018): 99–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1313675.
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<strong>The effect of copper toxicity and Moringa diets on survival and behavioural responses in fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio, was studied for 96 hr LC50 as a function of body size groups. The 96 hr LC50 value of C. carpio fed with control diet was low as compared to fish pre-fed with Moringa diets (25 and 50%). LC50 value was low in small size group as compared to large size group. However, the LC50 value in relation to unit weight was high in small size group (0.99 ppm) in relation to large size (0.35 ppm). It showed that, copper elicited the three times more toxicity in small size groups than in large size group fed with control diet; however it was reduced to two times in Moringa fed diets groups. The 96 hr LC50 value increased in Cu exposed fish pre-fed with Moringa diets; however, it responded well in large size group as compared to small size group of C. carpio. Hence the present study, Moringa diet reduced the copper toxicity and thereby increase the 96 hr LC50 value in copper exposed C. carpio pre-fed with Moringa diets.</strong>
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Hanachi, Parichehr, Samaneh Karbalaei, R. Walker Tony, Cole Matthew, and V. Hosseini Seyed. "Abundance and properties of microplastics found in commercial fish meal and cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 23 (2019): 23777–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05637-6.
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Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are environmental contaminants that are of increasing global concern. This study investigated the presence of MPs in four varieties of marine-derived commercial fish meal, followed by identification of their polymer composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Exposure experiments were conducted on cultured common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) by feeding four varieties of commercially available fish meal to determine relationships between abundance and properties of MPs found both in meal and in those transferred to cultured common carp. Mean particle sizes were 452 ± 161 μm (± SD). Fragments were the predominant shape of MP found in fish meal (67%) and <em>C. carpio</em> gastrointestinal tract and gills (65%), and polypropylene and polystyrene were the most present plastic polymers found in fish meal (45% and 24%, respectively) and <em>C. carpio</em> (37% and 33%, respectively). Positive relationships were found between MP levels in fish meal and <em>C. carpio</em>. This study highlights that marine-derived fish meal may be a source of MPs which can be transferred to cultured fish, thus posing a concern for aquaculture.
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Putra, Erik Nanda, Abdul Razak, and Ramadhan Sumarmin. "Analisis Filogenetik Cyprinus carpio Ruang Lingkup Asia Timur Dan Eropa Berdasarkan Genom Mitokondria." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 1 (2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i01.p18.
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Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the oldest and most commercially cultivated freshwater fish in the World. However, there are still many undetermined phylogenetic relationships and the origins of common goldfish lineages, which are an obstacle to the conservation and genetic reproduction of this species. In the process of phylogenetic analysis, researchers used mitochondrial genomes where the genomic DNA was obtained from homozygous double haploid clonal lines from domesticated Songpu strains, and the total genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of 11 individuals representing East Asia and Europe and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the phenology of Cyprinus carpio fish, which is expected to be the basis for increasing understanding to determine the kinship relationship between Cyprinus carpio in East Asia and Europe. The results showed that the relationship between Cyprinus carpio color, Cyprinus carpio songpu mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio, and Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis was very close, this can be seen from the bootstrap value of 100%. Meanwhile, with Cyprinus carpio haematopterus has a bootstrap value of 70%. Meanwhile, with Cyprinus xingguonensis it has a bootstrap value of 66%. Furthermore, it can also be said that the Songpu mirror goldfish is closely related to C. carpio carpio which is also a member of the genus Cyprinu. The genus Cyprinu has a close relationship with the genus Catla. In the phylogenetic tree, this species of fish forms a very coherent group, supported by a high bootstrap value of 100% and an average genetic distance of 0.02. 
 Key words: Mitochondrial genome, Phylogenetics, general Cyprinus carpio
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Rong, Yongrong, Bing Li, Yiran Hou, Liqiang Zhang, Rui Jia, and Jian Zhu. "Influences of Stocking Density on Antioxidant Status, Nutrients Composition, and Lipid Metabolism in the Muscles of Cyprinus carpio under Rice–Fish Co-Culture." Antioxidants 13, no. 7 (2024): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070849.
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Cyprinus carpio is a significant freshwater species with substantial nutritional and economic value. Rice–carp co-culture represents one of its principal cultivation methods. However, in the system, the optimal farming density for carp and the impact of high stocking density on their muscle nutritional composition have yet to be explored. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate the influences of stocking density on the muscle nutrient profiles and metabolism of C. carpio in rice–fish co-culture systems. Common carp were cultured at three stocking densities, low density (LD), medium density (MD), and high density (HD), over a period of 60 days. Following this, comprehensive analyses incorporating physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics sequencing were conducted on the muscle tissue of C. carpio. The results demonstrated that HD treatment led to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of C. carpio, while resulting in elevated levels of various fatty acids in muscle tissue, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs). The metabolome analysis showed that HD treatment caused a marked reduction in 43 metabolites and a significant elevation in 30 metabolites, primarily linked to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the abnormalities in lipid metabolism induced by high-stocking-density treatment may be associated with significant alterations in the PPAR signaling pathway and adipokine signaling pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that in rice–fish co-culture systems, high stocking density disrupted the balance of antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in the muscles of C. carpio.
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Syandri, Hafrijal, Azrita, Ainul Mardiah, and Elfrida. "Isolation and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Scales from Three Species of Farmed Fish in Lake Maninjau." BIO Web of Conferences 74 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237401002.
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The study isolated and analyzed heavy metal content in fish scale from Osphronemus goramy, Cyprinus carpio, and Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Maninjau. Fish weights (n=10) for O. goramy, C. carpio, and O. niloticus were 389.99±24.96 g, 633.30±87 g, and 210.5±12.12 g. Isolation begins with washing scales using running water, followed by 24-hour immersion in 10% NaCl (1:10 w/w) in a refrigerator. Afterward, they are oven-dried at 50°C for 3.5 hours and ground into powder. Fish scale results were analyzed using the dry weight/wet weight formula x 100. AOAC-compliant spectrometry tested heavy metal concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Ag, and Cu. Results for O. goramy, C. carpio, and O. niloticus were 65.85%, 61.68%, and 55.63%, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in O. goramy showed the highest level was Pb (185 mg/kg), followed by Cu (83 mg/kg), Ag (<14.66 mg/kg), Cr (<5 mg/kg), Hg and As (0.43 mg/kg). In C. carpio the highest concentration was Pb (152 mg/kg), followed by Cu (121 mg/kg), Cr (50 mg/kg), Ag (15 mg/kg), Hg and As (<0.50 mg/kg). Meanwhile, in O. niloticus, the highest concentration was Cu (160 mg/kg), followed by Pb (149 mg/kg), Cr (50 mg/kg), Ag (15 mg/kg), Hg and As (< 0.50 mg/kg).
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Yousuf, Tabasum, Yahya Bakhtiyar, Saima Andrabi, and Gohar Bilal Wani. "Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Seven Fish Species in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir, India." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 81, no. 1 (2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2023-0002.
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Abstract For aquaculture assessments, the length-weight relationship and condition factor are considered as standard methods for determining fish growth, its health and the potential yield. A year-long study was conducted to calculate length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factor (K) for seven fish species, Schizothorax niger (Alghad or snowtrout), S. curvifrons (Sattar snowtrout), Cyprinus carpio (Common carp), Carassius carassius (Crucian carp), Pethia conchonius (Rosy barb), Crossocheilus diplochilus (Kashmir latia) and Gambusia holbrooki (Mosquito fish) in Manasbal Lake. The results revealed that four captured fish species (S. niger, S. curvifrons, C. diplochilus and G. holbrooki) exhibited negative allometric growth, while other fish species (C. carpio, C. carassius, P. conchonius) exhibited positive allometric growth. LWR was significant at P < 0.01 in all seven fish species, with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.73 to 0.96. The K was higher in C. carpio than C. carassius, P. conchonius, G. holbrooki, C. diplochilus, S. niger and S. curvifrons. The current study providing the LWRs and condition factor of seven fish species from Manasbal Lake, Kashmir will be helpful for the management of fish species as well as for assessing the ecological condition of the Lake.
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Zapata-Londoño, Maria Nelly, Edna J. Márquez, Natalia Restrepo-Escobar, and María Isabel Ríos-Pulgarín. "Estructura poblacional y reproducción de cinco especies ícticas en un embalse neotropical." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 44, no. 171 (2020): 622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1049.
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Aun cuando el conocimiento de la estructura poblacional y los aspectos reproductivos de los peces permite diseñar estrategias adecuadas de manejo, su estudio ha sido escaso en embalses colombianos generadores de energía. Este estudio evaluó ambos aspectos en los principales recursos pesqueros del embalse Peñol-Guatapé, Antioquia, Colombia, entre 2013 y 2014 (Cyprinus carpio, Micropterus salmoides, Coptodon rendalli, Caquetaia kraussii y Kronoheros umbrifer). Los datos se recolectaron de la pesca artesanal, deportiva y turística que se realiza con trasmallos de superficie, atarraya, anzuelo con carnada viva, chinchorro de arrastre y varas de pesca. Los análisis de 9.151 individuos incluyeron métodos estándar para establecer la estructura de las tallas, el dimorfismo sexual de tamaño, la relación longitud-peso y su biología reproductiva (tallas de madurez, proporción sexual, fecundidad y periodos de madurez gonádica). Los resultados evidenciaron dimorfismo sexual de tamaño en C. carpio, M. salmoides y C. kraussii, crecimiento alométrico negativo en M. salmoides, C. kraussii y en los machos de C. carpio,así como crecimiento isométrico en C. rendalli, K. umbrifer y hembras de C. carpio. La talla media de madurez sexual difirió de las descritas en otros estudios, excepto en M. salmoides y K. umbrifer. Todas las especies mostraron una proporción mayor o igual de hembras y periodos de madurez gonádica concordantes con los periodos reproductivos descritos previamente. Esta información sirve de base para el monitoreo posterior del crecimiento y la reproducción de las cinco especies estudiadas y los lineamientos necesarios para su explotación sustentable en el embalse Peñol-Guatapé.
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Puspitasari, Diah, Idiannor Mahyudin, and Tri Dekayanti. "PROSPEK USAHA PEMBENIHAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio L) PADA UNIT PEMBENIH RAKYAT (UPR) DI KELURAHAN MENTAOS KECAMATAN BANJARBARU UTARA KOTA BANJARBARU PROPINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Fish Scientiae 5, no. 9 (2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fs.v5i9.1117.
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The hatcheries operations of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L) in Community Hatchery Unit at Mentaos Village in North Banjarbaru, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province have pretty good opportunity for its development since the comsumption of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L) is increasing each year. The continous availability of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L ) seeds and the fish farmer’s experience have developed a lot as well as support from local government by providing capital for sustainable development of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L.) The research was done in Mentaos Village, North Banjarbaru District in Banjarbaru City of South Kalimantan Province. Primary and secondary data were gathered. The research conducted in order to analyse the prospect of goldfish seeding process in Community Hachery Unit (UPR) which include : (1) the profit, (2) Break Even Point (BEP) analysis, (3) the feasibility of the business namely (R/C Ratio) and Payback Period (PP), (4) the analysis of market prospect and (5) marketing channels.The research show the profit achieved in the seeding gold fish (Cyprinus carpio, L) business in Mentaos Village is by average Rp.13.754.922,00/year, Break Even Point (BEP) by minimum selling price is Rp.86,94 per head and producing by minimum of 200.701 head year. Based on the feasibility of the business it is found that R/C Ratio of the fish hatchery operations in a single season production is 2,17(R/C>1), mean while Payback Period (PP) is 0,244 year or 2 month 29 days, the demand of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L) is bigger than the supply (D>S), it means the production still cannot fulfil the market demand and the marketing channels which allows the fish farmers to sell their product directly to the last consumer which become the most efficiency way
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Iqbal, Khalid Javed, Noor Khan, Mahroze Fatima, et al. "Determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, As, Hg, and Cd) into the body organs of selected fish, water, sediment, and soil samples from Head Punjnad and Head Taunsa, Punjab, Pakistan." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0288163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288163.
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The present study was conducted on Head Punjnad (HP) and Head Taunsa (HT) to evaluate the contamination of Pb, Cr, As, Hg, and Cd in water, soil, sediment, fish as a whole and fish organs. Fish, water, soil and sediment samples were collected from different sites of HT and HP on a monthly basis for 8 months. Heavy metals in water, soil, and sediment were determined by a polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometer and in fish and fish organs by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Contamination of Cd, Hg, and As was significantly (P<0.05) higher in water of HP as compared to HT, while Cr showed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference at HP and HT. Pb was significantly (P<0.05) higher in water of HT as compared to HP. In the case of soil, Cd, Hg, and Pb were higher at HT as compared to HP, while As and Cr were significantly (P<0.05) higher at HP as compared to HT. In sediment, contamination of Cd, Hg, and As were significantly (P<0.05) higher at HP as compared to HT, while the Cr difference was non-significant (P>0.05) but Pb showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher value at HT than HP. Cd accumulation in different fish species was recorded as R. rita ˃O. niloticus ˃C. marulius ˃S. sarwari ˃C. idella ˃C. catla ˃N. notopterus ˃E. vacha ˃L. rohita ˃C. carpio, respectively. Hg as O. niloticus ˃S. sarwari ˃R. rita ˃C. marulius ˃C. catla ˃N. notopterus ˃E. vacha ˃L. rohita ˃C. carpio ˃C. idella, respectively. As as O. niloticus ˃R. rita ˃S. sarwari ˃C. marulius ˃C. catla ˃C. carpio ˃N. notopterus ˃C. idella ˃E. vacha ˃L. rohita, respectively. Cr accumulation recorded as L. rohita ˃C. idella ˃O. niloticus ˃C. marulius ˃E. vacha ˃R. rita ˃C. catla ˃C. carpio ˃S. sarwari ˃N. notopterus, respectively. Pb accumulation in different fish species was recorded as C. idella ˃C. carpio ˃N. notopterus ˃L. rohita ˃O. niloticus ˃C. marulius ˃R. rita ˃S. sarwari ˃E. vacha ˃C. catla, respectively. Cd accumulation in different organs was recorded as kidney ˃liver ˃gills ˃muscle ˃skin ˃scale. Hg accumulation in different organs was recorded as kidney ˃gills ˃liver ˃skin ˃muscle ˃scale. As accumulation in different organs was recorded as kidney ˃liver ˃gills ˃muscle ˃skin ˃scale. Cr accumulation in different organs was recorded as gills ˃ liver ˃skin ˃muscle ˃kidney ˃scale. Pb accumulation in different organs was recorded as gills˃ kidney˃ skin˃ liver˃ muscle˃ scale.
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Noor, Huriyatul Fitriyah, Ciptaning Weargo Jati, and Rizha Bery Putriani. "The Effect of Anredera cordifolia Extract towards Kidney Histopathological Features on Cyprinus carpio Infected by Aeromonas hydrophila." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7, no. 1 (2024): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.7.1.86-92.
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Favoured by Indonesian citizens, Cyprinus carpio production decreased over time due to diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in the aquaculture process. Antibiotics are often used to manage the disease on media, but they could cause resistance to the bacteria. Herbs were used as the alternative for these antibiotics. This experiment aimed to find the effect of Anredera cardifolia extract on the kidney histopathology of C. carpio infected by A. hydrophila. The dosage used in this experiment was 200ppm, 400ppm, and 600ppm for each treatment with three repetitions. There was also negative and positive control. The bacteria density used for the positive control was 107 cells/ml. After infection, kidney tissue was taken three days post-recovery. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the kidney histopathology, while to determine the level of the damage carried out by the bacteria, we used the scoring level. This research showed that treating A. cordifolia affects the kidney histopathology of C. carpio infected by Aeromonas. The damaged tissue found was necrosis, edema, and congestion. The best dose used to improve the damaged kidney tissue on C. carpio was treatment B (400ppm), indicated by the scoring results for minor damage; the structure showed the tissue figure looked similar to the normal tissue.
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Mishra, Neeti. "Studies on age profile of Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Tons River, India." Journal of Marine Science and Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-5933/006.
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Heavy fishing affects the population by the exploited section of the stock in riverine water bodies. Cyprinus carpio is very frequently cultured in the Ganga basin especially middle and lower stretches of the river due to its plasticity nature (survival rate), fast growth rate, high market demand, consumer preference and very simply availability of seed (example fry and fingerlings). C. carpio is highly adaptable to a suite of environmental conditions. Age composition, age and growth of C. carpio were studied during February 2019 to 2020 January from fish landing centre at Sirsa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The hard part, key scales were studied for estimation of age and growth in the present study because of easy availability. A total of 548 specimens in length ranges between 97 to 687 mm and age classes of 0+ to 9+ were estimated in the river. The fish attained mean length of 203, 325, 413, 478, 529, 565, 594, 621 and 643 mm, respectively at the end of 1+ to 9+ years of the life cycle. The maximum growth was observed in first year with 203 mm of the life span. The result also indicated that the age composition and growth rate of C. carpio in the invaded waters of the Tons River is very appropriate to the fishes.
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Zhu, Jian, Li-qiang Zhong, Cheng-feng Zhang, Hong Liu, and Bing Li. "Sequence Variation and Secondary Structure Analysis of the First Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1) Between Cyprinus carpio carpio and C. carpio haematopterus." Biochemical Genetics 49, no. 1-2 (2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10528-010-9381-9.
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Yeasmin, Syeda Maksuda, Md Anisur Rahman, Md Mer Mosharraf Hossain, Md Habibur Rahman, and Abdulla Al Asif. "Identification of causative agent for fungal infection and effect of disinfectants on hatching and survival rate of common carp (C. carpio) larvae." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 3 (2016): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26481.
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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the commercially important and commonly cultured fish. In the hatchery intensive incubation leads to microbial overgrowth in C. carpio eggs that hamper egg development, hatchability and larval survivability. The aim of this study is to find out causes of mass mortality in C. carpio eggs during peak- breeding season between March to May 2015 at Mafatema fish hatchery, Chanchra, Jessore sadar upazilla. In the present study three disinfectants with three different concentrations in each such as methylene blue 1, 3 and 5mg/L., malachite green 1, 3 and 5mg/L., sodium chloride 1, 2 and 3g/L were used to observe the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and survival rate of larvae. Bacterial load of culture water was examined during the induced breeding of C. carpio with mycological examination of egg samples with different disinfectants. The total bacterial count fluctuated from 3.4 x 108 CFU/ml to 32.7 x 108 CFU/ml during the period of fertilization to 4days of hatching. The fertilized eggs infected by Saprolegnia spp. were appeared as tuft hairy like balls with a white cottony envelop. Among all the treatment 1mg/L methylene blue, 3mg/L malachite green and 1g/L sodium chloride showed significantly better (P<0.05) hatching rate 95·33±2·08, 88.00±2.64 and 92.33±4.04% respectively. The same concentration of methylene blue, malachite green and sodium chloride showed significantly better (P<0.05) better survival rate 95·00±4.35, 75.00±3.00 and 87.00±6.24% respectively. Finally among all the treatment 1mg/L of methylene blue showed significantly better (P<0.05) hatching and survival rate 95·33±2·08% and 95·00±4.35 % respectively. So 1mg/L of methylene blue is the best disinfectant for C. carpio fertilized egg treatment.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 578-588
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Dewi, Ratna Stia, Fitria Ayudi Ulfimaturahmah, and Khusnul Khotimah. "The decolorization effect by Aspergillus sp. 3 on Goldfish opercular beats." Journal of Microbial Systematics and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37604/jmsb.v1i2.29.
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Batik effluent had high toxicity to aquatic organisms. Dye decolorization is a process used to reduce color density. Fungi which used for decolorization was Aspergillus sp 3. This study aimed to investigate the ability of fungi on decolorization of 3 kinds of batik effluents (Indigosol Green dye, Indigosol Purple dye, and Naphtol Black dye) and to investigate the ability of fungi on reducing TDS level. The study was also investigated the initial toxicity of batik effluents to Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio). Decolorization was measured by spectrophotometry, the pH value was measured by pH meter, and the TDS value was measured by TDS meter. In addition, the decolorized batik effluent was tested for toxic effect on C. carpio by total opercular beats. Decolorization assay showed that Aspergillus sp. 3 had the ability to decolorized only 2 kinds of batik effluents. The decolorization percentage of Indigosol Purple was 60.015% and Naphtol Black was 56.679%. The pH after treatment decreased from 8.5–9 to 5.3–6. The range of pH value of Indigosol Green, Indigosol Purple, and Naphtol Black 5.3–6. Besides that, Aspergillus sp. 3 also had the ability to reduce the TDS level in the effluent. The TDS level on Indigosol Green, Indigosol Purple, and Naphtol Black as 4,965%, 25,307%, and 15,129%, respectively. Initial toxicity assay of effluent to C. carpio showed that there was a difference of total opercular beats, which exposed by decolorized and before decolorized batik effluent. The total opercular beats of C. carpio on decolorized batik effluents showed high value than before decolorized batik effluents. It can be concluded that Aspergillus sp. 3 had the ability to decolorize and decreasing the initial toxicity of Indigosol Purple batik effluents on C. carpio.
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Kakwi, D. G., S. Awolumate, B. S. Audu, et al. "Some aspects of histology of liver and intestine of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings fed raw and processed Mucuna pruriens diets." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 3 (2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i3.2968.
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Mucuna contains anti-nutritional factors, anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory factors and L- dopa, a potentially neurotoxic agent. These anti-nutrients are endogenous toxic substances that are part of the normal feedstuff and affect its nutritional quality. The concentrations of these anti-nutritional factors can be reduced or completely eliminated if the seeds are properly processed. The impact of anti-nutritional factors and other toxic compounds in mucuna on fish have not been documented. Investigations on the dietary effects of raw and processed Mucuna pruriens seed diets on the histopatology of the liver and intestine of C. carpio fingerlings were carried out. The raw and the processed mucuna seed meals in two replacement levels of 20% and 50% as substitution of soybean meal in treatment diets were labelled Raw, MCD1 (20%) and MCD2 (50%), respectively, while a reference diet with no mucuna served as the control diet (CD). The diets were fed to C. carpio fingerlings (average weight, 15.40g) for 56 days. Water quality in the culture of C. carpio was was measured using standard procedure. Histopathological changes in the liver and intestine sections of fish were observed consistently and variable in the treatment groups. Water quality parameters were measured for the period of evaluation. Significant difference was not observed for all the water quality parameters measured. The water temperature varied between 22.90°C to 22.96oC similar to the room temperature. The pH ranged between 7.02 and 7.07 while dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.24 to 6.34 ppm. The liver of the fish fed raw mucuna diets showed vacoulation and severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma and periportal areas. The histological analysis of the intestine of C. carpio fingerlings fed raw Mucuna diet also showed severe atrophy in the musculature of the intestinal villi of the fish which was mild in the fish fed MCD1 and control diets. The MCD1 was considered the most appropriate for dietary inclusion of Mucuna pruriens seeds in the feeding of C. carpio fingerlings.
 
 
 Mucuna contient des facteurs antinutrit nutritionnels, des anticoagulants, des facteurs anti- inflammatoires et de la L-dopa, un agent potentiellement neurotoxique. Ces antinutriments sont des substances toxiques endogènes qui font partie de l'aliment normal et affectent sa qualité nutritionnelle. Les concentrations de ces facteurs anti-nutritionnels peuvent être réduites ou complètement éliminées si les graines sont correctement traitées. L'impact des facteurs anti-nutritionnels et d'autres composés toxiques dans la mucuna sur les poissons n'a pas été documenté. Des études sur les effets diététiques des régimes crus et transformés de graine de Pruriens de Mucuna sur l'histopatologie du foie et de l'intestin des a ongles de C. carpio ont été effectuées. Les repas crus et transformés de graine de mucuna dans deux niveaux de remplacement de 20% et 50% comme remplacement de la farine de soja dans les régimes de traitement ont été étiquetés crus, MCD1 (20%) et MCD2 (50%), respectivement, tandis qu'un régime de référence sans mucuna a servi de régime de contrôle (CD). Les régimes ont été donnés aux acolings C. carpio (poids moyen, 15.40 g) pendant 56 jours. La qualité de l'eau dans la culture de C. carpiowas a été mesurée à l'aide d'une procédure standard. Des changements histopathologiques dans les sections hépatiques et intestinales des poissons ont été observés uniformément et variables dans les groupes de traitement. Des paramètres de qualité de l'eau ont été mesurés pour la période d'évaluation. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée pour tous les paramètres de qualité de l'eau mesurés. La température de l'eau variait entre 22.90 °C et 22.96 °C, semblable à la température ambiante. Le pH se situe entre 7.02 et 7.07 tandis que l'oxygène dissous varie de 6.24 à 6.34 ppm. Le foie des poissons alimentés régimes crus de mucuna a montré la vacoulation et la nécrose grave des hépatocytes dans le parenchyme de foie et les secteurs periportal. L'analyse histologique de l'intestin des ails de C. carpio alimentés au régime cru de Mucuna a également montré l'atrophie grave dans la musculature des villosités intestinales du poisson qui était douce dans les poissons alimentés MCD1 et les régimes de contrôle. Le MCD1 a été considéré comme le plus approprié pour l'inclusion diététique des graines pruriens de Mucuna dans l'alimentation des acolings de C. carpio.
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Mekonnen, Endalh, Gedion Brehanu, and Tizazu Yitayew. "Biological Aspects, Catch and Length Distribution of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus and Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio in in Lake Lugo, South Wollo, Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2019): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v12i3.1.
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Determining biological parameters such as length to weight relationship, sex ratio and size at first maturity of threatened fishes give good information on their growth performance and help manage and conserve fish populations in their natural water bodies. In this study, some biological parameters were reported for Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio. Samples were taken at monthly intervals from October 2013 to September 2017 in Lake Lugo, South Wollo, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine length to weight relationships, length class frequency, sex ratio and size at first maturity of the fishes. Total length (TL) of the species was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and total body weight (TW) to the nearest 1 g. The physico-chemical parameters were also measured: transparency by using secchi disk, conductivity by Wagtach International conductivity meter and pH by pH meter. The results showed that the parameters were within the permissible limits except the pH level at Gedam Sefar sampling site. A total of 672 fish specimens were collected. Length (cm) to weight (g) relationship for C. gariepinus was sketched as: TW = 0.015TL2.8, n = 81, r2 = 0.901 and for C. carpio as: TW = 0.018TL2.85, n = 591, r2 = 0.926, which, in both cases, showed a curvilinear relationship, signifying the fishes followed negative allometric growth. The sex ratio between males to females showed significant difference (C. gariepinus: χ2 = 4.46, P<0.05; C. carpio: χ2 = 12.0, P<0.05). Size at first sexual maturity (L50) for C. gariepinus was 31.7 cm for females and 31.1 cm for males, while L50 for C. carpio was 19.2 cm for females and 19.3 cm for males.
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Bhat, Abrar Ahmad, Mohammad Yasir Arafat, Muni Parveen, and Yahya Bakhtiyar. "Comparative account on the length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of six cyprinid fishes from Dal Lake, Kashmir." Journal of Fisheries 10, no. 3 (2022): 103202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.417.
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Fish landings are routinely measured for length and weight to study fish bioecology, which provide important information about biomass, population dynamics and condition of fish. The current study describes the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) of six fish species (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Schizothorax niger, S. curvifrons, Crossocheilus diplochilus and Pethia conchonius) based on seasonal fish sampling from the Dal Lake during September 2019 to August 2020. The estimated LWRs and LLRs were highly significant (p < 0.05) with high coefficient of determination r2 and the estimated b values ranged from 2.50 to 3.55. The estimated b values revealed negative allometric growth of fish species except P. conchonius which possesses positive allometric growth. The mean value of condition factor for C. carpio, C. carassius, S. niger, S. curvifrons, C. diplochilus and P. conchonius were 1.43±0.25, 1.55±0.24, 0.86±0.14, 0.80±0.13, 1.21±0.17 and 1.64±0.34 respectively and it varied significantly among these fish species (ANOVA: p < 0.05). The study shows LWRs, LLRs and current condition of some forage fish species viz., C. carassius, C. diplochilus and P. conchonius as well as invasive C. carpio and local Schizothorax species from the Dal Lake, all possessing economic and conservation significance.
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Rana, Inder Singh, Sushma Sharma, Rajinder Kumar, and Jyoti Verma. "Toxicological Effects of Pendimethalin: Behavioral Changes and LC50 Analysis in Cyprinus carpio." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 22 (2024): 164–73. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i224670.
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The pre-emergent herbicide pendimethalin is a selective dinitroaniline compound that interferes with the production of microtubules, potentially contaminating groundwater. The current investigation sought to ascertain the acute toxicity levels and behavioral effects of pendimethalin (30% EC) on Cyprinus carpio. Finney's probit bioassay method estimated the lethal toxicity LC50 values for commercial-grade herbicide pendimethalin on C. carpio. This method entails fitting the data collected from experiments to a probit model, which converts the results obtained (such as mortality rates) into a normal distribution scale. It is a useful tool in toxicological research since it enables more precise estimations of the LC50. The lethal toxicity (LC50) values of pendimethalin to C. carpio exposed to 24, 48, 72 and 96-hr were determined to be 2.83µL/L, 2.59µL/L, 2.39µL/L and 2.20µL/L based on the mortality estimations. Pendimethalin-induced behavioral abnormalities in C. carpio were investigated using sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1/15th, 1/10th, and 1/5th of the 96-hour LC50 value) at intervals of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Our research observed behavioral shifts such as reduced general activity, reduced foraging behavior, diminished schooling behavior, reduced reflex stimuli, increased opercula movements, irregular movements, mucus secretion, enhanced breathing rates and increased surface air gulping. Our studies showed that pendimethalin can produce both mortality and behavioral alterations in Cyprinus carpio, offering important insights into the pendimethalin fatal and sub-lethal effects. These results highlight how crucial it is to keep an eye on herbicide poisoning in aquatic habitats since even sub-lethal levels can have an effect on fish behavior and the general health of the ecosystem.
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Singh, Atul K., and Sharad C. Srivastava. "Invasion meltdown and burgeoning threats of invasive fish species in inland waters of India in the era of climate change." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 3 (2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.03.04.
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Abstract Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus are the most abundantly captured invasive fish species in the mid-stretch of the Ganga river. Fish yield and biomass data based on mean abundance by weight was calculated using algorithms and spatio-temporal population dynamics model for future prediction of these invasive fish species. Temporal biomass forecast based on mean abundance by wieght for the period from 2020 to 2029 was determined. The findings of this study predicted fish yield of 176 ± 16.33 kg km-1 day-1C. carpio and 55.43 ± 6.4 kg km-1 day-1 O. niloticus during 2029 which might result into 117.87% and 116.9% rise in temporal biomass of Common Carp and Tilapia respectively in a decade's time while 139.2% rise in temporal biomass was predicted for the invasive African catfish. The yield of invasive Common Carp, Tilapia and African Catfish was correlated with rainfall and temperature data using ANOVA and we found that variance was F = 1.36; p = 0.263 for C. carpio; F = 1.60; p = 0.326 for O. niloticus and F = 1.63; p = 0.101 for C. gariepinus, indicating that variance was very close for Tilapia and African Catfish. The observed values of variance indicated that climatic changes had more impact to these two species than to the Common Carp. The concrete and forecast values were calculated considering 95% lower and upper level of confidence, which was significant (p &lt;0.05) and the annual regression was found to be p &lt; 0.464, p &lt; 0.419 and p &lt; 0.499 for C. carpio, O. niloticus and C. gariepinus, respectively. Further, interactive performance of invaded C. carpio, O. niloticus and C. gariepinus was also assessed for understanding invasion meltdown. The results of mean abundance by weight based yield forecast of invaded Tilapia, Common Carp and African Catfish for the period of 2020 to 2029 suggest a stable production in the Ganga River in years to come. It also manifests a positive pattern of invasion in the times of climate change displaying invasion meltdown. This suggests increased pressures of fish invasions on temporal and spatial scales, and imposing new management challenges for freshwater ecosystems.
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Pattar, Shri RM, and Muniswamy David. "Studies on triazophos-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in freshwater fish Cyprinus Carpio following sublethal exposures." Veterinarski arhiv 93, no. 1 (2023): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1477.
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Triazophos (TAP), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used in agricultural practice for controlling various insect pests. The present research work aimed to elucidate the impact of TAP on the antioxidant status and DNA content of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. The fish were grouped into batches (n=6) and received a sublethal dose of 0.3mg/L for a duration of 1 (E1), 10 (E2), 20 (E3) and 30 days (E4). Another group, devoid of any toxicant, was maintained as the control (C). Changes in the enzymatic threshold of the selected antioxidants and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels suggested the conformation of oxidative stress in the livers of the freshwater fish C. carpio due to TAP exposure. Additionally, comet assays and micronucleus tests performed on the peripheral blood of the fish suggested increased damage in the form of the percentage of tail DNA formation and a high frequency of micronucleus as compared to the control. A positive correlation was seen between the decline in antioxidant activity, the elevation in MDA and the comet length and micronucleus frequency. The study thus highlights the impact of TAP on antioxidant levels in the livers and genotoxicity in the blood of the freshwater fish C. carpio. The findings of the study confirm that the antioxidant status, along with the comet assay and micronucleus tests could be used as tools in determining the potential genotoxicity due to the TAP impact. It is therefore suggested that extensive use of TAP should be avoided as it may contribute to the decline in the C. carpio population in its natural habitats.
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M. Arumugam , Victor Prabakaran. "Effects Of Carbaryl Exposure On The Protein Content Of Cyprinus Carpio." Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54, no. 4 (2025): 5545–49. https://doi.org/10.48047/d829ez58.
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The effect of carbaryl on the protein content of gill, muscle and liver tissues of C. carpio was studied. The fishCyprinus carpio was employed as an indicator animal and its gill, muscle, liver tissue was analyzed forpesticide residue accumulation where in the biochemical changes such as protein was found to be depleteddue to toxicity of pesticides. Subsequently an increase protein content was noted in the biodegradationexperimental sets.
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Maiztegui, Tomás, Claudio R.M. Baigún, de Souza Javier R. Garcia, Olaf L.F. Weyl, and Darío Colautti. "Population responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio to floods and droughts in the Pampean wetlands of South America." NeoBiota 48 (July 2, 2019): 25–44. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.48.34850.
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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a global invader that exhibits a wide distribution in Argentina, particularly in shallow lakes and wetlands of the Pampean region. The hydrological conditions of these environments are driven by variations in annual precipitation that determine inter annual changes in water levels leading to flood-drought cycles. The present study focused on understanding the C. carpio population responses to annual rainfall regime and long-term flood and drought events in the Ajó wetlands located in the east of the Pampean region. The results of a two-year biological sampling program showed that C. carpio feeding rate, reproduction, condition, and recruitment were associated with the hydrological cycle. Otolith derived age structure of the population and back-calculated recruitment strength revealed that extraordinary flooding events generated strong cohorts while dry years resulted in low recruitment. Its long-life span (maximum 14 years in Ajó) coupled with a high fecundity, and broad diet allows C. carpio to persist in refugia during dry years and capitalize on wet years when inundation of the floodplain enhances recruitment and facilitates spread. Management and control strategies for this invader should therefore incorporate hydrological variability by promoting intensive removal campaigns during dry years when populations are dominated by large fish confined in remnant water-bodies and, during wet years, carp harvest fisheries should be promoted to reduce population density when increased connectivity is likely to facilitate spread.
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Zaharieva, Radoslava, Petya Zaharieva, and Diana Kirin. "Parasite diversity of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758 from the Danube River, Bulgaria." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 83, no. 1 (2025): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2025-0004.
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Abstract In 2019-2021, 20 specimens of common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758 were caught in three locations (biotopes) along the course of the Danube River in northwestern Bulgaria. Infection with five parasite species was detected – Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) Dollfus, 1960 (class Trematoda); Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) Brabec, Waeschenbach, Scholz, Littlewood & Kuchta, 2015 (class Cestoda); Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1911, Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) Porta, 1908 (class Acanthocephala); Contrac а ecum sp. (larvae) (class Nematoda). Three of the found endoparasite species are pathogenic for fish – Sch. acheilognathi, P. laevis, and Contrac а ecum sp. (larvae). C. carpio is a new host record for Sch. acheilognathi and Ac. lucii in Bulgaria. The studied biotopes are new habitats for the established parasite species. The present study aims to provide new data on the diversity and the ecological indices (MI, MA, P%) of C. carpio parasites from the Bulgarian section of the Danube River.
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He, Zhou, Ding, Teng, Yan, and Liang. "Common Carp mef2 Genes: Evolution and Expression." Genes 10, no. 8 (2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10080588.
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The MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) family belongs to the MADS-box superfamily of eukaryotic transcription factors. The vertebrate genes compose four distinct subfamilies designated MEF2A, -B, -C, and -D. There are multiple mef2 genes in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). So far, the embryonic expression patterns of these genes and the evolution of fish mef2 genes have been barely investigated. In this study, we completed the coding information of C. carpio mef2ca2 and mef2d1 genes via gene cloning and presented two mosaic mef2 sequences as evidence for recombination. We also analyzed the phylogenetic relationship and conserved synteny of mef2 genes and proposed a new evolutionary scenario. In our version, MEF2B and the other three vertebrate subfamilies were generated in parallel from the single last ancestor via two rounds of whole genome duplication events that occurred at the dawn of vertebrates. Moreover, we examined the expression patterns of C. carpio mef2 genes during embryogenesis, by using whole-mount in situ hybridization, and found the notochord to be a new expression site for these genes except for mef2ca1&2. Our results thus provide new insights into the evolution and expression of mef2 genes.
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Ariyanto, Didik, Estu Nugroho, and Subagyo Subagyo. "KARAKTER GENETIK POPULASI IKAN MAS, C yprinus carpio HASIL PERSILANGAN." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 1, no. 2 (2006): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.1.2.2006.227-233.
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Evaluasi karakter genetik populasi ikan mas hasil persilangan telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode elektroforesis protein secara horisontal. Sampel ikan sebanyak 120 ekor yang mewakili 6 populasi ikan mas adalah hasil persilangan resiprokal antara 3 strain ikan mas unggul yaitu strain majalaya, rajadanu dan sutisna. Bagian tubuh yang diambil untuk pengamatan karakter genetik adalah jaringan otot sedangkan sebagai media elektroforesis digunakan gel pati. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 12 sistem enzim untuk analisis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 3 lokus polimorfik dari 7 lokus yang teridentifikasi, yaitu Ldh-1, Mdh-1 dan Me. Heterozigositas rata-rata sebesar 0,23 (kategori rendah). Nilai jarak genetik paling dekat sebesar 0 diperoleh antara populasi rajadanu dengan sutisna dan nilai terjauh sebesar 0,0018 antara populasi rajadanu dan sutisna dengan majalaya. Populasi rajadanu dan sutisna mempunyai pengaruh kuat terhadap struktur genetik populasi keturunan hasil persilangan dibandingkan dengan populasi majalaya.Evaluation of genetic characterization of the hybrid populations of common carp using protein electrophoresis method was conducted. The samples of 120 fishes were taken from Research Institute for Fish-breeding and Aquaculture Technology, Sukamandi. The samples has been extracted from muscle and potato starch gel was used to assess the level of genetic characters. Twelve enzymes were examined in this experiment. The result showed that 7 loci were identified that 3 of loci were polymorphs i.e. : Ldh-1, Mdh-1 and Me. An average of heterozigosity : 0.23 (low category). Genetic distance value between rajadanu and sutisna population was 0. Genetic distance value between both of rajadanu and sutisna populations from majalaya population was 0.0018. Rajadanu and sutisna strains have stronger influence to genetic structure of its offspring compared than majalaya strain.
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Sarita, Sarita. "Effect of Heavy Metals on Protein Profile of Body Muscles of Cyprinus carpio." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 11, no. 3 (2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9004.
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The study was carried out with commonly cultured C. carpio exposed to two sublethal dose levels of 0.025 and 0.05 ppm of arsenic, mercury, nickel and chromium individually and arsenic in combination with mercury, nickel and chromium. Protein quantity declined in all the heavy metal treatments except chromium, where it showed an increment in protein quantity. Gel electropherograms of muscle protein extracts of C. carpio on their exposure to different heavy metal treatments revealed a definite pattern of variations in their protein profile. It caused the synthesis of some additional protein fractions in almost all the treatments with subsequent deletion of some other protein fractions.
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Lakshmaiah, G. "Concentration related differences in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the common carp Cyprinus carpio by Phorate, an organophosphorous insecticide." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v2i4.3233.
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The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the vital organs of fish such as gill, liver, muscle, kidney and brain of the freshwater common carp Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) was investigated after exposing to acute lethal toxicity (ALT) and chronic sublethal toxicity (CST) of phorate. C. carpio fish were exposed to ALT (LC50/96 hours - 0.71 ppm/l) of Phorate for one day and 4 days and CST (one-tenth of the LC50/96 hours - 0.071 ppm/l) of Phorate for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days and the concentration related differences in the inhibition and recovery of the AChE enzyme activity was evaluated in the target organs of the fish. Relative to controls, the activity of AChE in all the organs of the fish exposed to ATP gradually decreased significantly ((P<0.05)) at 1 and 4 days of exposure period whereas in the fish exposed to CTP the AChE activity was elevated at day 1 and gradually decreased from day 7 to day 15 followed by an increase at day 30 in all the organs significantly (P<0.05). Based on the percent values obtained the inhibition of AChE activity was predominantly more in the organs of the fish exposed to ATP in a concentration-dependent manner. On prolonged exposure for 30 days in CTP the AChE activity was restored gradually depending on the initial pesticide exposure concentration. Findings from this study have demonstrated that inhibition of AChE activity in C. carpio is a useful biomarker for assessment of anticholinesterase pesticide contaminations in water.
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Hartyanto, Adirahma, Maria Agustini, Indra Wirawan, and Achmad Kusyairi. "Pengaruh Kepadatan Yang Berbeda Pada Transportasi Sistem Basah Tertutup Terhadap Kelulusan Hidup Benih Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Umur 50 Hari." Juvenil:Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan dan Perikanan 5, no. 1 (2024): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v5i1.24053.
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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengaruh kepadatan yang berbeda pada transportasi sistem basah tertutup terhadap kelulusan hidup benih ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) umur 50 hari. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan pengumpulam data yang dilakukan secara obsevatif langsung. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan kombinasi pakan pellet dan cacing sutra yang berbeda yaitu: perlakuan (A) : 75 ekor benih ikan koi, perlakuan (B) : 125 ekor benih ikan koi, perlakuan (C) : 175 ekor benih ikan koi, perlakuan (D) : 225 ekor benih ikan koi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelakuan terbaik yaitu terdapat pada perlakuan Perlakuan (B) kepadatan 125 ekor dengan kelulusan hidup 99.8%. Hasil penelitian pengamatan kualitas air menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan masih dalam kadar yang optimal untuk mendukung kelangsungan hidup benih ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) dengan Suhu 26.4°C – 27.5°C. pH 7.3 – 7.6. Oksigen terlarut 4.1 – 6.5 ppm.Kata kunci : kepadatan, transportasi, kelulusan hidup, benih, ikan koiABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of different densities in closed wet transportation systems on the kelulusan hidup of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) aged 50 days. The method in this study used an experimental method with direct observation of data collection. The experimental design used in this study was in the form of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 different combinations of pelleted feed and silk worms, namely: treatment (A) : 75 koi fish fry, treatment (B) : 125 koi fish seeds, treatment (C): 175 koi fish seeds, treatment (D): 225 koi fish seeds. The results showed that the best treatment was in Treatment (B) at a density of 125 tails with a survival rate of 99.8%. The results of the observation of water quality showed that the whole was still at optimal levels to support the survival of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) seeds with a temperature of 26.4°C – 27.5°C. pH 7.3 – 7.6. Dissolved oxygen 4.1 – 6.5 ppm.Keywords : density, transportation, survival rate, seeds, koi fish
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AHMADI, MARYAM, HADISEH KASHIRI, ALI SHABANI, and ABASALI AGHAEI MOGHADAM. "Genetic variability in wild and hatchery populations of commercially important fish: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (2018): 1468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190437.
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Ahmadi M, Kashiri H, Shabani A, Moghadam AA. 2018. Genetic variability in wild and hatchery populations of commerciallyimportant fish: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Biodiversitas 19: 1468-1474. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is considered as oneof the most important bony fish with high economic value in the Caspian sea. Since the population size of common carp has decreasedduring recent decades, restocking of the populations is done through releasing the hatchery-produced larvae into the Caspian Sea. In thepresent study, the genetic diversity of hatchery and wild populations of C. carpio was investigated using eight microsatellite loci(MFW7, MFW9, MFW13, MFW16, MFW17, MFW20, MFW26 and MFW28). A total of 145 different alleles were observed across allloci, with some of them being unique to each population. Although the allelic and gene diversity of hatchery populations tended to belower compared to the wild populations, no significant differences (P>0.05) in genetic diversity parameters were observed among thewild and hatchery populations. In most cases, significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed, mainly because ofthe heterozygosity deficiency. Results from FST, RST and UPGMA analysis showed that the hatchery-reared population was the mostdifferentiated and distant group. The results from this study are anticipated to provide important information for setting up moreefficient strategies in conservation and restocking of C. carpio.
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Prahastuti, Maulina Septia, Bambang Sulardiono, and Churun Ain. "DAMPAK SURFAKTAN BERBAHAN AKTIF Na-ABS TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR IKAN KARPER (Cyprinus carpio) DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 2, no. 4 (2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v2i4.4248.
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Penurunan kualitas lingkungan disebabkan adanya bahan pencemar, contohnya limbah deterjen yang mengandung surfaktan berbahan aktif Na-ABS. Deterjen dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap proses kehidupan organisme di dalamnya, salah satunya proses penetasan telur ikan. Fase telur merupakan stadia yang rentan dan jauh lebih sensitif terkena pengaruh dari luar atau dari lingkungan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan adanya masukan mengenai dampak surfaktan terhadap daya tetas telur ikan karper (C. carpio). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan nilai LC50-96 jam dari deterjen berbahan aktif surfaktan jenis NA-ABS, dan mengetahui pengaruh kandungan surfaktan terhadap daya tetas telur ikan karper (C. carpio). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan karper (C. carpio) dan telurnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan yang terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Tahap penelitian terdiri dari: uji pendahuluan, uji lanjut, Persiapan materi telur ikan, uji utama, perhitungan daya tetas telur, dan pengukuran variabel kualitas air. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada uji utama adalah pemberian deterjen terhadap telur ikan dengan konsentrasi 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% dari nilai LC50-96 jam, yaitu 1,35 mg/L, 2,70 mg/L, 5,40 mg/L, 10,80 mg/L, dan 21,60 mg/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50-96 jam surfaktan terhadap ikan karper (C. carpio) adalah 21,60 mg/L. Kualitas air selama penelitian, yaitu: suhu 24,37 – 28,30oC, oksigen terlarut 2,37 – 4,00 mg/L, dan pH 7. Hasil analisis data menggunakan ANOVA faktorial menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi deterjen berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya tetas telur ikan karper (p<0,05), semakin besar konsentrasi deterjen maka persentase daya tetas telur setiap harinya semakin kecil. Pengaruh deterjen mulai terlihat jelas pada konsentrasi 5,40 mg/L dengan waktu kritis yaitu pada hari kedua.
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KurhadeChandrakant, Shankarrao, and Jayabhaye U.M. "Biochemical studies on the effect of diclofenac on common carp (Cyprinuscarpio)." Biolife 8, no. 4 (2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404683.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The current study was carried out to investigate the biochemical investigations in common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) when treated with diclofenac. The fishes are divided into four groups for this investigation. According to sub-lethal toxicity tests, fish exposed to one-tenth of the LC50 value of diclofenac. Diclofenac's 96-h LC50 in <em>C. carpio</em> was 11.71 mg/L. As a result, fish were exposed to 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/L concentrations of diclofenac and diclofenac separately for this experiment. In natural water, control fish were kept without any treatment. The biochemical estimation methods were used to investigate the influence of diclofenac on the biochemical contents of fish <em>C. carpio's</em> liver, gills, and brain, namely soluble protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. The treatment of diclofenac resulted in a considerable decrease in protein content in the liver, gills, and brain tissues. When compared to the other tissues, such as the liver and gills of the diclofenac-exposed fish, the decline in protein level was greater in brain tissue. When the time of exposure increased, the protein content decreased as the concentration of diclofenac rose. The percentage drop in glucose levels in diclofenac-exposed fish liver and brain tissues increased with exposure period. The fish, <em>C. carpio</em>, showed stress and reduced their food intake after being exposed to sublethal amounts of diclofenac. Based on these findings, it is inferred that the lipid content in all tissues <em>of C. carpio</em> in group IV animals decreased on the 21st day of diclofenac exposure. <strong>Key words:</strong>Diclofenac, <em>C. carpio</em>, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, biochemical. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chattujee, A., Mahapatra, C.T. and Ayyappan, S. 2004. Effects of Cypermethrin and Carbofuran on certain haematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a fresh water teleost, Labeorohita. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 58 : 220 - 226. Anon, 1975. Recommendations of the committee on methods for toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians. EPA, Oregon. 61 Artacho, P., Soto-Gamboa, M., Verdugo, C and Nespolo, R.F. 2007. Blood biochemistry reveals malnutrition in black necked swans (Cygnus melanocoryphus) living in a conservation priority area. Comp. Biochem. Physio., 146 : 283 -290. Buser, H.R., Poiger, T., Muller, M.D., 1998. Occurrence and fate of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac in surface waters: rapid photodegradation in a lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 3449–3456. Corcoran, J., Winter, M.J., Tyler, C.R., 2010. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a critical review of the evidence for health effects in fish. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 40, 287–304 Fent, K., Weston, A.A., Caminada, D., 2006. Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. Aquat. Toxicol. 76, 122–159. Heberer, T., 2002. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol. Lett. 131, 5–15. Idler, D.R. and Clemens, W.A.1959. The energy expenditures of fresh water river sockage salmon during spawning migration to chikes and stuar lakes. Pacific Salmon fish comm. Prog. Jackson. Printing, New westminister B.C. 80. Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab., Mohamed, N.M. Mousaad., Khaled M Sharafeldin and Nahla, E.M. Ismaiel. 2013. Changes in growth and biochemical status of common carp, Cyprinuscarpio L. exposed to water-borne zinc toxicity for different periods. International Aquatic Research. 5:11 Osman, H., Suriah, A.R. and Law, E.C. 2001. Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of selected marine fish in Malaysian waters. Food chemistry.73: 55-60. Remia, K.M., Logaswamy, S., Logankumar, K. and Rajmohan, D. 2008. Effect of an insecticides (Monocrotophos) on some biochemical constituents of the fish, Tilapia mossambica. Poll. Res., 27: 523-526. Schwaiger, J., Ferling, H., Mallow, U., Wintermayr, H., Negele, R.D., 2004. Toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac Part 1: histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol. 68, 141–150. Shashikant, 1986. Pollution status of Indian rivers criteria and present position. Environ. Ecotoxicol., 49-74. ShaziaQuadir, Abdul Latif, Muhammad Ali and Furhan Iqbal. 2014. Effects of Imidacloprid on the haematological and serum biochemical profile of Labeorohita. Pakistan J. Zool., 46(4): 1085- 1090. Shridar, N.B. and Narayanan, K. 2007. Toxicity study of Diclofenac oncalves. Jr. Ind. Vet., 84: 141-143. Velisek, J., Sudova, E., Machova, J. and Svobodova, Z. 2010. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbutryn in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 73(3): 384-390.
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Mansoor, Nahla Talib. "Protozoans infection of Cyprinus carpio L. from Bab Al-Muatham fish markets, Baghdad City." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 34, no. 1 (2010): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v34i1.674.
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During the period from November 2007 untill October 2008, a total of 255 specimens of the cyprinid fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, were collected from fish markets east of Baghdad city. Microscopic examination of these fishes revealed that they were infected with five species of ciliated protozoans [Chilodonella cyprini with 1.6% percentage of infestation, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (3.5%), Trichodina domerguei (21.6%), Apiosoma piscicola (0.4%) and Epistylis solidus (1.2%)]. C. carpio is considered as a new host (third host) in Iraq for Epistylis solidus