Journal articles: 'C electrocatalyst'

1

Gao, Yuan, Ka Wang, Haizeng Song, Han Wu, Shancheng Yan, Xin Xu, and Yi Shi. "Fabrication of C/Co-FeS2/CoS2 with Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." Catalysts 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9060556.

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The mainstream strategy for designing hydrogen electrocatalysts is to adjust their surface electronic structure; however, the conductivity of the electrocatalyst and the synergy with its substrate are still challenges to overcome. In this work, we report a carbon-doped Co-FeS2/CoS2 (C/Co-FeS2/CoS2) electrode, prepared via a hydrothermal process with carbon cloth (CC) as the substrate and carbon doping. The C/Co-FeS2/CoS2 electrode shows excellent catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with an overpotential of 88 mV at a current density of −10 mA∙cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The Tafel slope is 66 mV∙dec−1. Such superior performance is attributed to the high electrical conductivity of the electrocatalyst and its synergy with the substrate. Our study provides an efficient alternative in the field of electrocatalysis.

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Karuppiah, Chelladurai, Balamurugan Thirumalraj, Srinivasan Alagar, Shakkthivel Piraman, Ying-Jeng Jame Li, and Chun-Chen Yang. "Solid-State Ball-Milling of Co3O4 Nano/Microspheres and Carbon Black Endorsed LaMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010076.

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Developing a highly stable and non-precious, low-cost, bifunctional electrocatalyst is essential for energy storage and energy conversion devices due to the increasing demand from the consumers. Therefore, the fabrication of a bifunctional electrocatalyst is an emerging focus for the promotion and dissemination of energy storage/conversion devices. Spinel and perovskite transition metal oxides have been widely explored as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to replace the noble metals in fuel cell and metal-air batteries. In this work, we developed a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) study using the mechanochemical route coupling of cobalt oxide nano/microspheres and carbon black particles incorporated lanthanum manganite perovskite (LaMnO3@C-Co3O4) composite. It was synthesized through a simple and less-time consuming solid-state ball-milling method. The synthesized LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques. The electrocatalysis results showed excellent electrochemical activity towards ORR/OER kinetics using LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 catalyst, as compared with Pt/C, bare LaMnO3@C, and LaMnO3@C-RuO2 catalysts. The observed results suggested that the newly developed LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 electrocatalyst can be used as a potential candidate for air-cathodes in fuel cell and metal-air batteries.

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Karuppiah, Chelladurai, Balamurugan Thirumalraj, Srinivasan Alagar, Shakkthivel Piraman, Ying-Jeng Jame Li, and Chun-Chen Yang. "Solid-State Ball-Milling of Co3O4 Nano/Microspheres and Carbon Black Endorsed LaMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010076.

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Developing a highly stable and non-precious, low-cost, bifunctional electrocatalyst is essential for energy storage and energy conversion devices due to the increasing demand from the consumers. Therefore, the fabrication of a bifunctional electrocatalyst is an emerging focus for the promotion and dissemination of energy storage/conversion devices. Spinel and perovskite transition metal oxides have been widely explored as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to replace the noble metals in fuel cell and metal-air batteries. In this work, we developed a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) study using the mechanochemical route coupling of cobalt oxide nano/microspheres and carbon black particles incorporated lanthanum manganite perovskite (LaMnO3@C-Co3O4) composite. It was synthesized through a simple and less-time consuming solid-state ball-milling method. The synthesized LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques. The electrocatalysis results showed excellent electrochemical activity towards ORR/OER kinetics using LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 catalyst, as compared with Pt/C, bare LaMnO3@C, and LaMnO3@C-RuO2 catalysts. The observed results suggested that the newly developed LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 electrocatalyst can be used as a potential candidate for air-cathodes in fuel cell and metal-air batteries.

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LU, J. L., CHANGWEI XU, and SAN PING JIANG. "ELECTRO-OXIDATION OF ETHANOL ON NANOCRYSTALLINE Pd/C CATALYST PROMOTED WITH OXIDE IN ALKALINE MEDIA." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 01n02 (February 2009): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09005864.

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Nanocrystalline Pd electrocatalyst promoted with transition metal oxide ( Co 3 O 4, NiO , and CoNiO x) is successfully synthesized on high surface carbon support by using intermittent microwave heating (IMH) method. The physical properties of the catalysts are characterized by XRD, TEM, and EDX. The results show that there is no significant microstructure change between Pd and Pd -oxide electrocatalysts and the particle sizes are in the range 5.8–3.9 nm. The linear sweep voltammogram and chronoamperometry results for the electro-oxidation of ethanol show that Pd -oxide/ C electrocatalysts exhibit much better electrochemical activity and stability as compared with pure Pd / C electrocatalyst. The results show that Pd – CoNiO x/ C exhibits the best stability and highest electro-oxidation activity, indicating the promising potential as an alternative electrocatalysts for the direct ethanol fuel cells.

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5

He, Yan, Tao Yu, Hui Wen, and Rui Guo. "Boosting the charge transfer of FeOOH/Ni(OH)2 for excellent oxygen evolution reaction via Cr modification." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 28 (2021): 9746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01469b.

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Cr-Doped FeOOH/Ni(OH)₂ electrocatalysts were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method at 120 °C. The electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding OER performance, with an overpotential of 291 mV at 50 mA cm⁻².

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6

Zheng, Penglun, Quanyi Liu, Xiaoliang Peng, Laiquan Li, and Jun Yang. "Constructing Ni–Mo2C Nanohybrids Anchoring on Highly Porous Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Multifunctional Electrocatalysts." Nano 15, no. 10 (October 2020): 2050135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501350.

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It is important for regenerative fuel cells, rechargeable metal–air batteries and water splitting to find reasonable designed nonprecious metal catalysts, which have efficient and durable electrocatalytic activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, through a simple hydrothermal method and following annealing process, Mo2C and Ni nanoparticles were encapsulated in a nanoporous hierarchical structure of carbon (Ni/Mo2C/C). The ingenious structure delivers several favorable characteristics including abundant active sites resulting from hollow and mesoporous architecture, boosted reaction kinetics from metallic components, sufficient interfacial effect and synergistic effect from intimate integration of Mo2C, Ni and C. The multifunctional Ni/Mo2C/C hybrid electrocatalyst performs excellently for ORR, OER and HER, better than most of the reported electrocatalysts with three functions. A facile and novel strategy was developed to construct the multifunctional catalysts with excellent electrocatalysis behavior.

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7

Carbajal, F. Ginez, M. A. García, and S. A. Gamboa. "Study of Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction at Room Temperature on Nanometric Pt-Ru, Pt-Sn and Pt-Ru-Sn in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v21i1.522.

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Ethanol electrooxidation in acid medium was investigated on Pt-Ru-Sn/C, Pt-Ru/C and Pt-Sn/C. The electrocatalysts were synthesized by microwave assisted chemical reduction reaction. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and electrochemical analysis for the electrooxidation of ethanol. The ternary electrocatalyst was evaluated in an experimental Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC). The method of synthesis used in this work allowed the formation of nanostructured electrocatalysts. The results obtained by electrochemical studies showed that the ternary system Pt-Ru-Sn/C exhibited the highest activity with respect to the binary systems Pt-Ru/C and Pt-Sn/C for carrying out the ethanol electrooxidation reaction. 0.4 mg∙cm-2 of electrocatalytic load of Pt-Ru-Sn/C was placed in the anode of an experimental fuel cell operating at room temperature. It was possible to obtain a power density of 0.14, 0.12 and 0.11 mW∙cm-2 after 20, 40 and 60 minutes respectively. The experiments were carried out at a controlled temperature of 297 K and they showed the feasibility to produce electricity at room temperature by using this ternary electrocatalyst in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells.

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8

Kim, Jihun, Dae Hoon Lee, Yang Yang, Kai Chen, Chunli Liu, Jun Kang, and Oi Lun Li. "Hybrid Molybdenum Carbide/Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Electrocatalyst for Advanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Hydrogen Production." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111290.

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Hydrogen energy is one of the key technologies that can help to prevent global warming. A water electrolysis process can be used to produce hydrogen, in which hydrogen is produced at one electrode of the electrochemical cell, and oxygen is produced at the other electrode. On the other hand, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) requires multiple reaction steps and precious-metal-based catalysts (e.g., Ru/C, Ir/C, RuO2, and IrO2) as electrocatalysts to improve the reaction rate. Their high cost and limited supply, however, limit their applications to the mass production of hydrogen. In this study, boron, nitrogen-doped carbon incorporated with molybdenum carbide (MoC-BN/C) was synthesized to replace the precious-metal-based catalysts in the OER. B, N-doped carbon with nanosized molybdenum nanoparticles was fabricated by plasma engineering. The synthesized catalysts were heat-treated at 600, 700, and 800 °C in nitrogen for one hour to enhance the conductivity. The best MoC-BN/C electrocatalysts (heated at 800 °C) exhibited superior OER catalytic activity: 1.498 V (vs. RHE) and 1.550 V at a current density of 10 and 100 mA/cm2, respectively. The hybrid electrocatalysts even outperformed the noble electrocatalyst (5 wt.% Ru/C) with higher stability. Therefore, the hybrid electrocatalyst can replace expensive precious-metal-based catalysts for the upcoming hydrogen economy.

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9

Weng, Yu-Ching, Cheng-Jen Ho, Hui-Hsuan Chiao, and Chen-Hao Wang. "Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C cathodes as electrocatalysts for use in oxygen sensors and proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0116.

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AbstractThe composites Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C are electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). This study compares the electrocatalytic activity of these electrodes that are used to detect oxygen, and determines their suitability for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Chemical reduction is used to produce the Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C electrocatalysts. The particle size, elemental composition and crystallinity of the intermetallic electrocatalysts are determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDX). The ORR activity of the Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C electrocatalysts is determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), a polarization curve (PC) and a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The Pt3Ni/C electrode registers a greater current for the ORR as compared to the Pt3Co/C electrode. Both electrodes exhibit a linear relationship between response current and oxygen concentration in the detection range from 100 to 1000 ppm. The Pt3Ni/C electrode exhibits a significant sensitivity to oxygen up to 13.4 μA ppm−1 cm−2. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) that is produced using Pt3Ni/C as a cathodic electrocatalyst in a single PEMFC generates a maximum power density of 1097 mW cm−2.

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10

Zhang, Xu, An Chen, Zihe Zhang, and Zhen Zhou. "Double-atom catalysts: transition metal dimer-anchored C2N monolayers as N2 fixation electrocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 38 (2018): 18599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07683a.

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By first-principles computations, we investigated the electrocatalysis of transition metal atom-anchored C₂N monolayers (TM_x@C₂N, x = 1 or 2) for N₂ fixation and proposed that Mo₂@C₂N is a promising electrocatalyst for the reduction of N₂ to NH₃.

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11

Li, Li, Wang Heng-Xiu, Xu Bo-Qing, Li Jin-Lu, Xing Wei, and Mao Zong-Qiang. "Studies on PEMFC Electrocatalysts: Physicochemical Characterization of Homemade Pt/C Electrocatalyst." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 19, no. 04 (2003): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20030413.

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12

Pérez-Salcedo, K., Xuan Shi, Arunachala Kannan, Romeli Barbosa, Patricia Quintana, and Beatriz Escobar. "N-Doped Porous Carbon from Sargassum spp. as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for O2 Reduction in Alkaline Fuel Cells." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030346.

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This work reports the synthesis of N-doped porous carbon (NPC) with a high surface area from Sargassum spp. as a low-cost alternative for electrocatalyst production for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Sargassum spp. was activated with potassium hydroxide at different temperatures (700, 750, and 800 °C) and then doped with pyridine (N700, N750, and N800). As a result of the activation process, the 800 °C sample showed a high surface area (2765 m2 g−1) and good onset potential (0.870 V) and current density (4.87 mA cm−2). The ORR performance of the electrocatalysts in terms of their current density was N800 > N750 > N700 > 750 > 800 > 700, while the onset potential decreased in the following order: N800 > 800 > 750 > 700 > N700 > N750. The fuel cell performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with electrocatalyst synthesized at 750 °C and doped with pyridine was 12.72 mW cm−2, which was close to that from Pt/C MEA on both the anode and cathode (14.42 mW cm−2). These results indicate that NPCs are an alternative to the problem of Sargassum spp. accumulation in the Caribbean due to their high efficiency as electrocatalysts for ORR.

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13

Jeon, In Yup, and Jong Beom Baek. "Iodinated Charcoal as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.36.

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Large quantity of iodinated charcoal (I-AC) is firstly prepared by simple ball-milling activated chargoalin the presence of iodine. The resultant I-AC contains iodine of 0.59 at.% (EDS) and shows that the morphology is changed from random powder into flake-like platelet. It is uased as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), exhibiting outstanding electrocatalytic activities with higher selectivity, better tolerance to methanol crossover than those of the starting AC and commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts.

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14

Silva, Dionisio F., Adriana N. Geraldes, Eddy S. Pino, Almir Oliveira Neto, Marcelo Linardi, and Estevam V. Spinacé. "PtRu/C Electrocatalysts Prepared Using Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation for Methanol Electrooxidation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/928230.

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PtRu/C electrocatalysts (carbon-supported PtRu nanoparticles) were prepared in a single step submitting water/2-propanol mixtures containing Pt(IV) and Ru(III) ions and the carbon support to gamma and electron beam irradiation. The electrocatalysts were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry and tested for methanol electrooxidation. PtRu/C electrocatalyst can be prepared in few minutes using high dose rate electron beam irradiation while using low dose rate gamma irradiation some hours were necessary to prepare it. The obtained materials showed the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of Pt and Pt alloys with average nanoparticle sizes of around 3 nm. The material prepared using electron beam irradiation was more active for methanol electrooxidation than the material prepared using gamma irradiation.

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Kim, Hyo-Young, and Young-Wan Ju. "Fabrication of Mn-N-C Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reactions Using Mn-Embedded Carbon Nanofiber." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102561.

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The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) is one of the most crucial goals in the field of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells or metal-air batteries. Until now, the platinum-based catalyst has been considered the gold standard electrocatalyst and is widely used for ORR. In recent times, transition metal-nitrogen (N)-carbon (C)-based electrocatalysts have verified ORR performances comparable to novel metal-based catalysts. However, due to the complex production methods and low yield, their high price is their one major disadvantage compared to platinum-based catalysts. Herein, we present a transition metal-N-C electrochemical catalyst prepared by simple electrospinning and heat treatment. The metal- and nitrogen-embedded carbon nanofiber represents considerably enhanced activity for oxygen reduction reactions compared to pristine carbon nanofiber.

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Milikić, Jadranka, Raisa C. P. Oliveira, Andres Tapia, Diogo M. F. Santos, Nikola Zdolšek, Tatjana Trtić-Petrović, Milan Vraneš, and Biljana Šljukić. "Ionic Liquid-Derived Carbon-Supported Metal Electrocatalysts as Anodes in Direct Borohydride-Peroxide Fuel Cells." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050632.

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Three different carbon-supported metal (gold, platinum, nickel) nanoparticle (M/c-IL) electrocatalysts are prepared by template-free carbonization of the corresponding ionic liquids, namely [Hmim][AuCl4], [Hmim]2[PtCl4], and [C16mim]2[NiCl4], as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical investigation of borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) at the three electrocatalysts by cyclic voltammetry reveals different behavior for each material. BOR is found to be a first-order reaction at the three electrocatalysts, with an apparent activation energy of 10.6 and 13.8 kJ mol−1 for Pt/c-IL and Au/c-IL electrocatalysts, respectively. A number of exchanged electrons of 5.0, 2.4, and 2.0 is obtained for BOR at Pt/c-IL, Au/c-IL, and Ni/c-IL electrodes, respectively. Direct borohydride-peroxide fuel cell (DBPFC) tests done at temperatures in the 25–65 °C range show ca. four times higher power density when using a Pt/c-IL anode than with an Au/c-IL anode. Peak power densities of 40.6 and 120.5 mW cm−2 are achieved at 25 and 65 °C, respectively, for DBPFC with a Pt/c-IL anode electrocatalyst.

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17

Mo, Zheyang, Weiyi Yang, Shuang Gao, Jian Ku Shang, Yajun Ding, Wuzhu Sun, and Qi Li. "Efficient oxygen reduction reaction by a highly porous, nitrogen-doped carbon sphere electrocatalyst through space confinement effect in nanopores." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 714–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0466-1.

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AbstractA highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon sphere (NPC) electrocatalyst was prepared through the carbonization of biomass carbon spheres mixed with urea and zinc chloride in N2 atmosphere. The sample carbonized at 1000 °C demonstrates a superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance over the Pt/C electrocatalyst, while its contents of pyridinic nitrogen and graphitic nitrogen are the lowest among samples synthesized at the same or lower carbonization temperatures. This unusual result is explained by a space confinement effect from the microporous and mesoporous structures in the microflakes, which induces the further reduction of peroxide ions or other oxygen species produced in the first step reduction to water to have the preferred overall four electron reduction ORR process. This work demonstrates that in addition to the amount or species of its active sites, the space confinement can be a new approach to enhance the ORR performance of precious-metal-free, nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts.

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18

Ramos-Sánchez, V.-H., Diana Brito-Picciotto, Ramón Gómez-Vargas, David Chávez-Flores, and Edgar Valenzuela. "Carbon Supported Au-Pd-PdO with Low Metal Loading for Electro-oxidation of Methanol in Alkaline Medium." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 17, no. 3 (October 3, 2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v17i3.401.

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The present work examined two Pd-based alloys supported on carbon: AuPd and Au2Pd, both synthesized by chemical reduction with NaBH4. The low Au-Pd loading electrocatalysts were physicochemically and electrochemically characterized. Electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation was found exclusively in AuPd/C. However, it was revealed that such reaction was promoted by PdO occurring in the actual active phase of the supported electrocatalyst, through the formation of Au-Pd-PdO ensemble sites.

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Al-Shahat Eissa, Ahmed, Nam Hoon Kim, and Joong Hee Lee. "Rational design of a highly mesoporous Fe–N–C/Fe3C/C–S–C nanohybrid with dense active sites for superb electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 44 (2020): 23436–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta06987f.

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Mugheri, Abdul Qayoom, Aneela Tahira, Umair Aftab, Muhammad Ishaq Abro, Adeel Liaquat Bhatti, Shahid Ali, Mazhar Ali Abbasi, and Zafar Hussain Ibupoto. "A Low Charge Transfer Resistance CuO Composite for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 2613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19091.

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An efficient, simple, environment-friendly and inexpensive cupric oxide (CuO) electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. CuO is chemically deposited on the porous carbon material obtained from the dehydration of common sugar. The morphology of CuO on the porous carbon material is plate-like and monoclinic crystalline phase is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The OER activity of CuO nanostructures is investigated in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. To date, the proposed electrocatalyst has the lowest possible potential of 1.49 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) to achieve a current density of 20 mA/cm2 among the CuO based electrocatalysts and has Tafel slope of 115 mV dec-1. The electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent long-term stability for 6 hours along with significant durability. The enhanced catalytic active centers of CuO on the carbon material are due to the porous structure of carbon as well as strong coupling between CuO–C. The functionalization of metal oxides or other related nanostructured materials on porous carbon obtained from common sugar provides an opportunity for the development of efficient energy conversion and energy storage systems.

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Alfaro-López, Hilda M., Manuel A. Valdés-Madrigal, Hugo Rojas-Chávez, Heriberto Cruz-Martínez, Miguel A. Padilla-Islas, Miriam M. Tellez-Cruz, and Omar Solorza-Feria. "A Trimetallic Pt2NiCo/C Electrocatalyst with Enhanced Activity and Durability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020170.

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Commercialization of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) requires that electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) satisfy two main considerations: materials must be highly active and show long-term stability in acid medium. Here, we describe the synthesis, physical characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of carbon-dispersed Pt2NiCo nanocatalysts for ORR in acid medium. We synthesized a trimetallic electrocatalyst via chemical route in organic medium and investigated the physical properties of the Pt2NiCo/C nanocatalyst by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDXS-SEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), whereas the catalytic activities of the Pt2NiCo/C and Pt/C nanocatalysts were determined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), CO-stripping, and rotating disk electrode (RDE) electrochemical techniques. XRD and EDXS-SEM results confirmed the presence of the three metals in the nanoparticles, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allowed observation of the Pt2NiCo nanoparticles at ~10 nm. The measured specific activity for the synthesized nanocatalyst is ~6.4-fold higher than that of Pt/C alone, and its mass activity is ~2.2-fold higher than that of Pt/C, which is attributed to the synergistic interaction of the trimetallic electrocatalyst. Furthermore, the specific and mass activities of the synthesized material are maintained after the accelerated stability test, whereas the catalytic properties of Pt/C decreased. These results suggest that the Pt2NiCo/C trimetallic nanocatalyst is a promising candidate cathode electrode for use in PEMFCs.

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Hou, Bingxue, Cheng Cheng Wang, Rui Tang, Qi Zhang, Zanxiong Tan, Xincan Fan, and Xumei Cui. "Functional Role of Fe, Cu-Doping in Ni-Based Perovskite Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Nano 15, no. 06 (June 2020): 2050077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500770.

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Water electrolysis is of vital importance to store renewable energy and the development of efficient, inexpensive and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential, which requires much more understanding of the structural and the element classification. Here, a series of [Formula: see text]Fex[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] perovskites have been assessed as potential noble-metal-free OER electrocatalysts prepared by sol–gel method. Moreover, the functional role of Cu and Fe amount on the B-site of perovskites for OER electrocatalytic performance was evaluated. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text] materials exhibited the highest intrinsic activities in 0.1[Formula: see text]M KOH for OER with an onset potential of 1.56[Formula: see text]V, a Tafel slope of 76[Formula: see text]mV[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], slightly lower than that of benchmark perovskite-type electrocatalyst [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3 (BSCF). The above results demonstrate that Cu element in the B-site of perovskites had little effect on the OER performance, and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text] is a potential alternative electrocatalyst for OER application.

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Zhang, Man, Zhaokun Ma, and Huaihe Song. "Preparation and Application of Fe-N Co-Doped GNR@CNT Cathode Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020377.

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Through one-step pyrolysis, non-noble-metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts were constructed from ferric trichloride, melamine, and graphene nanoribbon@carbon nanotube (GNR@CNT), in which a portion of the multiwall carbon nanotube is unwrapped/unzipped radially, and thus graphene nanoribbon is exposed. In this study, Fe-N/GNR@CNT materials were used as an air-cathode electrocatalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the first time. The Fe-N/C shows similar power generation ability to commercial Pt/C, and its electron transfer number is 3.57, indicating that the ORR process primarily occurs with 4-electron. Fe species, pyridinic-N, graphitic-N, and oxygen-containing groups existing in GNR@CNT frameworks are likely to endow the electrocatalysts with good ORR performance, suggesting that a GNR@CNT-based carbon supporter would be a good candidate for the non-precious metal catalyst to replace Pt-based precious metal.

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Seyyedi, Behnam. "Bio-inspired iron metal–carbon black based nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2016-0081.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce bio-inspired FeN4-S-C black nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The FeN4-S-C derived without pyrolysis of precursors in high temperature is recognized as a new electrocatalyst for the ORR in an alkaline electrolyte. For the proper design of bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR performance, chlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine nanoparticles were used as templates for achieving the active sites in aqueous KOH by rotating disk electrode methods. The most active FeN4-S-C catalyst exhibited a remarkable ORR activity in the alkaline medium. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the possibility of nanoscale particles size (Ëœ5nm) of electrocatalyst, to achieve four-electron transfer mechanism and to exhibit much superior catalytic stability in measurements. This paper will shed light on bio-inspired FeN4-S-C materials for the ORR catalysis in alkaline fuel cells. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a new bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR, which has activity nearby platinum/carbon electrocatalyst. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been used as FeN4 template, which is the key point for the ORR. Bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst has been fabricated using chlorinated iron phthalocyanine, sodium sulphide and carbon black. Findings The particles’ size was 5 nm and electron transfer number was 4. Research limitations/implications The catalyst that is used in this method should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water. Practical implications The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of iron-based catalyst for ORR. Originality/value The method for the synthesis of bio-inspired electrocatalyst was novel and can find numerous applications in industries, especially as ORR non-precious metal catalyst.

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Luo, Wen-Bin, Shu-Lei Chou, Jia-Zhao Wang, and Hua-Kun Liu. "A B4C nanowire and carbon nanotube composite as a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst for high energy lithium oxygen batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 36 (2015): 18395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta04374c.

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Liang, Yunxia, Qiaojuan Gong, Xiaoling Sun, Nengneng Xu, Pengni Gong, and Jinli Qiao. "Fabrication of CoMN2O4 loaded nitrogen-doped graphene as bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 08 (November 2020): 2051046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604720510467.

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Designing durable and low-cost electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries is critical, which plays an essential role in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this paper, the CoMn2O4/N-RGO bifunctional electrocatalyst was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The electrocatalytic performance was tested toward ORR and OER under alkaline condition (0.1[Formula: see text]M KOH). The XRD, SEM and other characterization analyses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of materials. The results showed that the electrochemical activity of CoMn2O4/N-RGO showed high power density (354[Formula: see text]mW[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], small charge/discharge voltage drop (0.70[Formula: see text]V) and excellent stability cycle (200[Formula: see text]h), which are superior to the noble metal Pt/C+IrO2 electrocatalyst (the voltage drop: 0.60[Formula: see text]V at initial and 0.85[Formula: see text]V after 13[Formula: see text]h). This work provided a new method for developing the bifunctional material in zinc-air batteries.

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Ma, Yuan-Yuan, Cai-Xia Wu, Xiao-Jia Feng, Hua-Qiao Tan, Li-Kai Yan, Yang Liu, Zhen-Hui Kang, En-Bo Wang, and Yang-Guang Li. "Highly efficient hydrogen evolution from seawater by a low-cost and stable CoMoP@C electrocatalyst superior to Pt/C." Energy & Environmental Science 10, no. 3 (2017): 788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee03768b.

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A low-cost CoMoP@C electrocatalyst exhibits high efficiency and stable HER performance superior to commercial 20% Pt/C, and can directly work in seawater for the HER with a Faradaic efficiency of 92.5%.

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Chang, Jinfa, Ligang Feng, Kun Jiang, Huaiguo Xue, Wen-Bin Cai, Changpeng Liu, and Wei Xing. "Pt–CoP/C as an alternative PtRu/C catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 47 (2016): 18607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07896f.

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A novel Pt–CoP/C electrocatalyst was developed for direct methanol fuel cells. This catalyst showed superior power density to commercial Pt/C and PtRu/C catalysts. In situ ATR-SEIRAS technology revealed that the presence of CoP in the Pt-based catalyst can promote the methanol oxidation to final CO₂ products.

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Li, Erling, Fa Yang, Zhemin Wu, Yong Wang, Mingbo Ruan, Ping Song, Wei Xing, and Weilin Xu. "A Bifunctional Highly Efficient FeN x /C Electrocatalyst." Small 14, no. 8 (January 11, 2018): 1702827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201702827.

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Justin, P., and G. Ranga Rao. "Methanol oxidation on MoO3 promoted Pt/C electrocatalyst." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, no. 10 (May 2011): 5875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.122.

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Wang, Yan-Jie, Nana Zhao, Baizeng Fang, Hui Li, Xiaotao T. Bi, and Haijiang Wang. "A highly efficient PtCo/C electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02322c.

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Wang, Wei, Haitao Wang, Yang Yu, Zexing Wu, Muhammad Asif, and Hongfang Liu. "Metallic cobalt modified MnO–C nanocrystalline composites as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 2 (2018): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01957b.

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Zhang, Mengjie, Wenchang Zhu, Xingzhe Yang, Meng Feng, and Hongbin Feng. "Robust Carbon-Stabilization of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Coatings 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070695.

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Few-layer exfoliated black phosphorus (Ex-BP) has attracted tremendous attention owing to its promising applications, including in electrocatalysis. However, it remains a challenge to directly use few-layer Ex-BP as oxygen-involved electrocatalyst because it is quite difficult to restrain structural degradation caused by spontaneous oxidation and keep it stable. Here, a robust carbon-stabilization strategy has been implemented to prepare carbon-coated Ex-BP/N-doped graphene nanosheet (Ex-BP/NGS@C) nanostructures at room temperature, which exhibit superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity under alkaline conditions. Specifically, the as-synthesized Ex-BP/NGS@C hybrid presents a low overpotential of 257 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1 and shows high durability after long-term testing.

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Zhang, Jian, Jia Wang, Zexing Wu, Shuai Wang, Yumin Wu, and Xien Liu. "Heteroatom (Nitrogen/Sulfur)-Doped Graphene as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100475.

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Carbon nanomaterials are potential materials with their intrinsic structure and property in energy conversion and storage. As the electrocatalysts, graphene is more remarkable in electrochemical reactions. Additionally, heteroatoms doping with metal-free materials can obtain unique structure and demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic performance. In this work, we proposed a facile method to prepare bifunctional electrocatalyst which was constructed by nitrogen, sulfur doped graphene (NSG), which demonstrate superior properties with high activity and excellent durability compared with Pt/C and IrO2 for oxygen reduction (OR) and oxygen evolution (OE) reactions. Accordingly, these phenomena are closely related to the synergistic effect of doping with nitrogen and sulfur by rationally regulating the polarity of carbon in graphene. The current work expands the method towards carbon materials with heteroatom dopants for commercialization in energy-related reactions.

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Zhang, Wendi, Xiaoming Liu, Man Gao, Hong Shang, and Xuanhe Liu. "Co-Zn-MOFs Derived N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes with Crystalline Co Nanoparticles Embedded as Effective Oxygen Electrocatalysts." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020261.

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The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a crucial step in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. It is necessary to expand the range of efficient non-precious ORR electrocatalysts on account of the low abundance and high cost of Pt/C catalysts. Herein, we synthesized crystalline cobalt-embedded N-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@CNTs-T) via facile carbonization of Co/Zn metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with dicyandiamide at different temperatures (t = 600, 700, 800, 900 °C). Co@CNTs- 800 possessed excellent ORR activities in alkaline electrolytes with a half wave potential of 0.846 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode), which was comparable to Pt/C. This three-dimensional network, formed by Co@CNTs-T, facilitated electron migration and ion diffusion during the ORR process. The carbon shell surrounding the Co nanoparticles resulted in Co@CNTs-800 being stable as an electrocatalyst. This work provides a new strategy to design efficient and low-cost oxygen catalysts.

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Kartikowati, Christina Wahyu, Aditya Farhan Arif, Osi Arutanti, and Takashi Ogi. "Carbon-coated Single-phase Ti4O7 Nanoparticles as Electrocatalyst Support." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v6i1.32519.

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The unique structure of Magnéli phases TiOx renders them effective for the electrochemical applications. This work demonstrates a synthesis of carbon-coated Magnéli phases TiOx (TiOx@C) nanoparticles from 3-aminophenol and rutile titania (TiO2) nanoparticles as a support for platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst. 3-aminophenol was polymerized and carbonized on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles respectively in a microwave hydrothermal reactor and a tubular furnace. Reduction of the carbon-coated TiO2 (TiO2@C) into TiOx@C was performed in hydrogen atmosphere at 800-1050 °C. The carbon coating effectively prevented TiO2 nanoparticles from sintering, resulted in TiOx@C sizes from 50 to 100 nm. Single-phase Ti4O7 core, which has the highest theoretical electrical conductivity among the Magnéli phases, was obtained from reduction of TiO2@C at 1000 °C. for 10 min C/Ti4O7-supported Pt exhibited an electrochemical surface area of 46 m2 mgPt-1 at 15% Pt loading, slightly higher than that reported for commercial TKK electrocatalyst with 20% Pt loading (44.13 m2 mgPt-1).

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Tang, Feng, Haitao Lei, Shujun Wang, Huixin Wang, and Zhaoxia Jin. "A novel Fe–N–C catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction reaction based on polydopamine nanotubes." Nanoscale 9, no. 44 (2017): 17364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr06844a.

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Lopes, Pietro P., Hamilton Varela, and Edson A. Ticianelli. "PEMFC Oscillatory Behavior on a Pd-Pt/C Electrocatalyst." ECS Transactions 33, no. 20 (December 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3555073.

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Budiman, Abdul Hamid, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, Eniya Listiani Dewi, Rinaldy Dalimi, and Bing Joe Hwang. "Understanding adsorbate-induced surface segregation in PtCo/C electrocatalyst." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 7, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.613.

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40

Nie, Ming, Haolin Tang, Zidong Wei, Sang Ping Jiang, and Pei Kang Shen. "Highly efficient AuPd–WC/C electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation." Electrochemistry Communications 9, no. 9 (September 2007): 2375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.07.006.

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Neto, Almir Oliveira, Marcelo Linardi, Daniela M. dos Anjos, Germano Tremiliosi-Filho, and Estevam V. Spinacé. "Electro-oxidation of ethanol on PtSn/CeO2–C electrocatalyst." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 39, no. 7 (January 6, 2009): 1153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9772-3.

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Xi, Pei-Bo, Zhen-Xing Liang, and Shi-Jun Liao. "Stability of hemin/C electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 5 (March 2012): 4606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.102.

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Ramirez-Barria, Carolina S., Diana M. Fernandes, Cristina Freire, Elvira Villaro-Abalos, Antonio Guerrero-Ruiz, and Inmaculada Rodríguez-Ramos. "Upgrading the Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Produced by Thermal Reduction toward Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121761.

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N-doped (NrGO) and non-doped (rGO) graphenic materials are prepared by oxidation and further thermal treatment under ammonia and inert atmospheres, respectively, of natural graphites of different particle sizes. An extensive characterization of graphene materials points out that the physical properties of synthesized materials, as well as the nitrogen species introduced, depend on the particle size of the starting graphite, the reduction atmospheres, and the temperature conditions used during the exfoliation treatment. These findings indicate that it is possible to tailor properties of non-doped and N-doped reduced graphene oxide, such as the number of layers, surface area, and nitrogen content, by using a simple strategy based on selecting adequate graphite sizes and convenient experimental conditions during thermal exfoliation. Additionally, the graphenic materials are successfully applied as electrocatalysts for the demanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nitrogen doping together with the starting graphite of smaller particle size (NrGO325-4) resulted in a more efficient ORR electrocatalyst with more positive onset potentials (Eonset = 0.82 V versus RHE), superior diffusion-limiting current density (jL, 0.26V, 1600rpm = −4.05 mA cm−2), and selectivity to the direct four-electron pathway. Moreover, all NrGOm-4 show high tolerance to methanol poisoning in comparison with the state-of-the-art ORR electrocatalyst Pt/C and good stability.

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Yang, Yiran, Fei He, Yanfei Shen, Xinghua Chen, Hao Mei, Songqin Liu, and Yuanjian Zhang. "A biomass derived N/C-catalyst for the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide." Chemical Communications 53, no. 72 (2017): 9994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc04819j.

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Hossain, SK, Junaid Saleem, SleemUr Rahman, Syed Zaidi, Gordon McKay, and Chin Cheng. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Copper-Supported Titanium Oxide Nanotubes as Electrocatalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Oxide to Organics." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030298.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered as the prime reason for the global warming effect and one of the useful ways to transform it into an array of valuable products is through electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERC). This process requires an efficient electrocatalyst with high faradaic efficiency at low overpotential and enhanced reaction rate. Herein, we report an innovative way of reducing CO2 using copper-metal supported on titanium oxide nanotubes (TNT) electrocatalysts. The TNT support material was synthesized using alkaline hydrothermal process with Degussa (P-25) as a starting material. Copper nanoparticles were anchored on the TNT by homogeneous deposition-precipitation method (HDP) with urea as precipitating agent. The prepared catalysts were tested in a home-made H-cell with 0.5 M NaHCO3 aqueous solution in order to examine their activity for ERC and the optimum copper loading. Continuous gas-phase ERC was carried out in a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) reactor. The 10% Cu/TNT catalysts were employed in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the cathode side with Pt-Ru/C on the anode side. Faradaic efficiencies for the three major products namely methanol, methane, and CO were found to be 4%, 3%, and 10%, respectively at −2.5 V with an overall current density of 120 mA/cm2. The addition of TNT significantly increased the catalytic activity of electrocatalyst for ERC. It is mainly attributed to their better stability towards oxidation, increased CO2 adsorption capacity and stabilization of the reaction intermediate, layered titanates, and larger surface area (400 m2/g) as compared with other support materials. Considering the low cost of TNT, it is anticipated that TNT support electrocatalyst for ECR will gain popularity.

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Sharma, Rakesh, Verónica Müller, Marian Chatenet, and Elisabeth Djurado. "Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Electrolyte on Glassy-Carbon-Supported Nanostructured Pr6O11 Thin-Films." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100461.

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In this work, hierarchical nanostructured Pr6O11 thin-films of brain-like morphology were successfully prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) on glassy-carbon substrates. These surfaces were used as working electrodes in the rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup and characterized in alkaline electrolyte (0.1 M NaOH at 25 ± 2 °C) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for their potential application in alkaline electrolyzers or in alkaline fuel cells. The electrochemical performances of these electrodes were investigated as a function of their crystallized state (amorphous versus crystalline). Although none of the materials display spectacular HER and OER activity, the results show interesting performances of the crystallized sample towards the ORR with regards to this class of non-Pt group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts, the activity being, however, still far from a benchmark Pt/C electrocatalyst.

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Li, Zhuo-Ying, Zi-li Liu, Jie-Cong Liang, Chang-Wei Xu, and Xihong Lu. "Facile synthesis of Pd–Mn3O4/C as high-efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 43 (2014): 18236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04110k.

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Molochas, Costas, and Panagiotis Tsiakaras. "Carbon Monoxide Tolerant Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for H2-PEMFC Applications: Current Progress and Challenges." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091127.

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The activity degradation of hydrogen-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cells (H2-PEMFCs) in the presence of even trace amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) in the H2 fuel is among the major drawbacks currently hindering their commercialization. Although significant progress has been made, the development of a practical anode electrocatalyst with both high CO tolerance and stability has still not occurred. Currently, efforts are being devoted to Pt-based electrocatalysts, including (i) alloys developed via novel synthesis methods, (ii) Pt combinations with metal oxides, (iii) core–shell structures, and (iv) surface-modified Pt/C catalysts. Additionally, the prospect of substituting the conventional carbon black support with advanced carbonaceous materials or metal oxides and carbides has been widely explored. In the present review, we provide a brief introduction to the fundamental aspects of CO tolerance, followed by a comprehensive presentation and thorough discussion of the recent strategies applied to enhance the CO tolerance and stability of anode electrocatalysts. The aim is to determine the progress made so far, highlight the most promising state-of-the-art CO-tolerant electrocatalysts, and identify the contributions of the novel strategies and the future challenges.

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Chen, Wenxia, Wei Wei, Kefeng Wang, Jinhai Cui, Xingwang Zhu, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Partial sulfur vacancies created by carbon–nitrogen deposition of MoS2 for high-performance overall electrocatalytic water splitting." Nanoscale 13, no. 34 (2021): 14506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr02966e.

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Bai, Zhengyu, Min Shi, Yanxing Zhang, Qing Zhang, Lin Yang, Zongxian Yang, and Jiujun Zhang. "Facile synthesis of silver@carbon nanocable-supported platinum nanoparticles as high-performing electrocatalysts for glycerol oxidation in direct glycerol fuel cells." Green Chemistry 18, no. 2 (2016): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01243k.

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Ag@C nanocables are employed as the support of Pt/Ag@C electrocatalyst for glycerol oxidation with superior electrocatalytic activity and stability, confirming that Ag@C nanocables should be a great material for supporting the catalyst.

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Journal articles on the topic 'C electrocatalyst'

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