Relevant bibliographies by topics / C:N balance

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'C:N balance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "C:N balance"

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Kim, Hyung-Sub, Florent Noulèkoun, Nam-Jin Noh, and Yo-Whan Son. "Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091150.

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Humans have affected the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in forests; however, the quantification of the responses of forest C and N balances to human activities is limited. In this study, we have quantified the impacts of the long-term national forest rehabilitation plan and the contribution of the increase in air temperature, CO2 concentration, and N deposition on the C and N balances of the South Korean forests during 1973–2020 by using a biogeochemical model. During the simulation period, the C balance increased from 0.2 to 4.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1, and the N balance increased from 0.2 to 17.4 kg N ha−1 year−1. This resulted in the storage of 825 Tg C and 3.04 Tg N by the whole South Korean forests after the national forest rehabilitation plan. The increase in air temperature, CO2 concentration, and N deposition contributed −11.5, 17.4, and 177 Tg C to the stored C stock, respectively, and −25.4, 8.90, and 1807 Mg N to the stored N stock, respectively. This study provides references for future forest rehabilitation efforts and broadens our knowledge on the impacts of human-induced environmental changes on the C and N balances of forests.
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Zhang, Ruo-Xi, Siwen Li, Jingjing He, and Yun-Kuan Liang. "BIG regulates sugar response and C/N balance in Arabidopsis." Plant Signaling & Behavior 14, no. 11 (October 3, 2019): 1669418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2019.1669418.

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Peng, Kui. "Main Chemical Nutrient Balances of a Typical Arable Ecosystem in North China." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2728.

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Changes of nutrient cycle and balance in agricultural ecosystem will bring heavy impacts not only on land production, but also on ecological and environmental condition. We studied on the balances of main nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphor) and their long-term changes in a typical arable ecosystem in North China, based on the resource data got from household surveys combined with land use data derived from remote sensing imagery. The results show that C and N balances of large-scale irrigated land changed from deficits in 1945 into great surpluses in 2002, respectively, and P surpluses also doubled in 2002. C, N and P balances in overall arable ecosystem showed significant surpluses despite of decreased total arable area after 60 years. Contrarily, C and N fluxes of arable landscape in 1945 showed overall deficits. Nutrient balance changes of arable lands were impacted mainly by anthropogenic factors such as fertilizer input, land productivity crop residue utility and land use.
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Kruse, J., I. Hetzger, R. Hänsch, R. R. Mendel, and H. Rennenberg. "Elevated pCO2Affects C and N Metabolism in Wild Type and Transgenic Tobacco Exhibiting Altered C/N Balance in Metabolite Analysis." Plant Biology 5, no. 5 (September 2003): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-44792.

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Luyssaert, S., G. Abril, R. Andres, D. Bastviken, V. Bellassen, P. Bergamaschi, P. Bousquet, et al. "The European CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O balance between 2001 and 2005." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (February 21, 2012): 2005–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-2005-2012.

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Abstract. Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic emissions over the period 20007–2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance of Europe following a dual constraint approach in which (1) a land-based balance derived mainly from ecosystem carbon inventories and (2) a land-based balance derived from flux measurements are confronted with (3) the atmospheric-based balance derived from inversion informed by measurements of atmospheric GHG concentrations. Good agreement between the GHG balances based on fluxes (1249 ± 545 Tg C in CO2-eq y−1), inventories (1299 ± 200 Tg C in CO2-eq y−1) and inversions (1210 ± 405 Tg C in CO2-eq y−1) increases our confidence that current European GHG balances are accurate. However, the uncertainty remains large and largely lacks formal estimates. Given that European net land-atmosphere balances are determined by a few dominant fluxes, the uncertainty of these key components needs to be formally estimated before efforts could be made to reduce the overall uncertainty. The dual-constraint approach confirmed that the European land surface, including inland waters and urban areas, is a net source for CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O. However, for all ecosystems except croplands, C uptake exceeds C release and us such 210 ± 70 Tg C y−1 from fossil fuel burning is removed from the atmosphere and sequestered in both terrestrial and inland aquatic ecosystems. If the C cost for ecosystem management is taken into account, the net uptake of ecosystems was estimated to decrease by 45% but still indicates substantial C-sequestration. Also, when the balance is extended from CO2 towards the main GHGs, C-uptake by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is compensated for by emissions of GHGs. As such the European ecosystems are unlikely to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change.
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Zheng, Yu Ge, and Yan Ming Chang. "On the Edge-Balance Index Sets of the Net Graph Cn2×P2n(n=0(mod2))." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 2556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2556.

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In this paper, we mainly use the methods and techniques of graph theory and combinatorial mathematics to research the largest edge-balance index of the graph Cn2*P2n(n=0(mod2)), the edge-balance index sets of the graph are discussed, and finally getting the constructive proof about all the edge-balance index sets of Cn2*P2n(n=0(mod2))
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Lu, Guofeng, and Gengsheng Jiao. "Balance the oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of C/Si–C–N composite by a Si–O–C interphase." Composite Interfaces 19, no. 2 (March 2012): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2012.688721.

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Ji, Yu Rong, Ai Jun Li, and Jing Jing Yao. "On Edge-Balance Index Sets of the Graph CnxP6(n=3,4,5mod6)." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.662.

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Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), and let Z2 = {0,1}. For a given binary edge labeling f :E(G)→Z2 , the edge labeling f induces a partial vertex labeling f*:V(G)→Z2 such that f*(v) =1(0) iff the number of 1-edges (0-edges) is strictly greater than the number of 0-edges (1-edges) incident to v , otherwise f*(v) is idefined. For i∈Z2 , let v(i)=card{v∈V(G): f*(v) =i} and e(i) = card{e∈E(G) : f (e)=i}. The edge-balance index sets of a graph G,EBI(G), is defined as {|v(0) −v(1) |: the edge labeling f satisfies |e(0)−e(1) |≤1}.In this paper, we completely determine the edge-balance CnxP 6(n=3,4,5mod6).
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Schreiner, Edward P., Shewangizaw Teketel, and Raul F. Lobo. "Catalytic n-pentane conversion on H-ZSM-5 at high pressure." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 5 (2016): 4245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj02733k.

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Sidra, Lala Rukh, Nafeesa Mushtaq, Guofei Chen, and Xingzhong Fang. "Synthesis of high Tg and organosoluble poly(N-arylene benzimidazole ether imide) copolymers by C–N/C–O coupling reaction." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317701822.

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A series of poly( N-arylene benzimidazole ether imide) copolymers PEIBIs were prepared from 1H,3′H-5,5′-bis-benzimidazole, bisphenol-A and 4,4′-bis(4-fluorophthalimido)diphenyl ether by nucleophilic displacement polymerization. The resulting copolymers PEIBI(10–90) demonstrated moderate to good solubility in polar aprotic solvents and high glass transition temperatures ( Tgs) of 228–336°C, good thermal stability with 10% weight loss temperatures in the range of 503–548°C. All copolymer films showed good mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 101–130 MPa, tensile moduli of 3.3–4.0 GPa, elongations at break of 5–7%, and also presented low water uptake (0.15–0.34%). The wide-angle X-ray diffraction results revealed the amorphous nature of copolymers. The copolymer PEIBI-80 showed good balance in solubility, thermal and mechanical properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "C:N balance"

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Grüning, Maren Marine [Verfasser], Michaela [Akademischer Betreuer] Dippold, Michaela [Gutachter] Dippold, and Hermann [Gutachter] Jungkunst. "Effects of insect mass outbreaks on the C and N balance in forest ecosystems / Maren Marine Grüning ; Gutachter: Michaela Dippold, Hermann Jungkunst ; Betreuer: Michaela Dippold." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189419637/34.

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Grüning, Maren Marine [Verfasser], Michaela A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Dippold, Michaela [Gutachter] Dippold, and Hermann [Gutachter] Jungkunst. "Effects of insect mass outbreaks on the C and N balance in forest ecosystems / Maren Marine Grüning ; Gutachter: Michaela Dippold, Hermann Jungkunst ; Betreuer: Michaela Dippold." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189419637/34.

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Santos, Josiane Bürkner dos. "Alterações no estoque e taxa de sequestro de carbono em um Latossoto vermelho submetido a sistemas de manejo." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2006. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2193.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josiane.pdf: 937524 bytes, checksum: fac9597a15355333fedce082a07f433d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-17
The objective of this study was to quantify the changes of the total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) stock, and the variation of the C pool’s in monthly soil samples, and the C balance and C sequestration rates provoked by the soil tillage systems. The soil samples were accomplished in a long term experiment implanted in 1988, in the experimental station of Fundação ABC located in Ponta Grossa city, Center-South area of the Paraná State. The soil tillage systems were comprised: a) Conventional Tillage (CT); b) Minimum Tillage (MT); c) No-tillage with chisel plow (NTCP) each three years; and d) No-tillage – Continuous (NTC). Soil samples for each treatments were obtained by digging 3 profiles of 20-cm x 50-cm (surface area) x 50-cm deep for each replicate, and collected from three depths (0,0- to 2.5- cm, 2.5- to 5-cm, 5- to 10-cm). In the samples collected in October of 2003, May of 2004 and November of 2004, the total organic carbon (TOC) and the total nitrogen in all of the depths was measured. The particle size fractionation was accomplished, separating the soil in fractions in the size of 2000 - 210 Wm, 210 - 53 Wm and <53 Wm. In all these fractions TOC was determined. The treatments had significant effects on TOC and TN contents and pools. The total C and N stock in NTC was superior to the other systems demonstrating larger maintenance of C in the soil. The larger concentration of C was observed in the 210 to 53 Wm particle size fraction in the NTC. In the 2000 - 210 Wm fraction of the 0,0-2,5 cm layer were observed larger changes in the C stock due to the management systems in the samples at all long year. The greatest change was accomplished to CT. In NTP, the stock of C was larger in all soil samples, indicating that the maintenance of the cultural residues in the associated surface protection of the aggregates allows larger accumulation of C. Although the C stock in the particle size fraction <53 Wm not to present significant differences among the management systems, and was observed the C migration of the coarse fractions (210-53 and 2000-210 Wm) to the recalcitrant particle size fraction, indicating a continuous C flow. The C balance model adjusted for the local conditions revealed that the oxidation rate acted by K2 is inferior to the simulations accomplished by other authors, demonstrating the importance of the local conditions. With this model, the minimum amount of crop residues to maintain NTC system in steady-state was 8,05 Mg ha-1 year-1 while in the PC treatment it won't be possible to reach the balance with the amount of crop residues placed in this long term experiment, being a deficient system.
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar as alterações provocadas pela adoção de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre o estoque total de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N), a variação do estoque do C nas épocas de coleta, o balanço de C e as taxas de seqüestro de C. As coletas do solo foram realizadas em um experimento de longa duração, implantado em 1988, na estação experimental da Fundação ABC em Ponta Grossa, Meso Região Centro-Oriental do Estado do Paraná. Os sistemas de manejo do solo foram avaliados: a) Preparo convencional (PC), Preparo mínimo (PM), plantio direto escarificado (PDE) e plantio direto permanente (PDP). As amostras foram coletadas em 12 épocas com intervalos mensais e nas profundidades de 0,0-2,5; 2,5-5,0 e 5,0-10 cm de profundidade. As amostras deformadas foram coletadas em mini-trincheiras nas camadas de 0,0-2,5 e 2,5-5,0 cm e na camada de 5,0- 10,0 cm com o auxílio do trado. Nas amostras coletadas em outubro de 2003, maio de 2004 e novembro de 2004 foi determinado o carbono orgânico total (COT) e o nitrogênio total (NT) em todas as profundidades amostradas. Nas amostras coletadas mensalmente foi realizado o fracionamento granulométrico da matéria orgânica, separando o solo em frações no tamanho 2000 – 210 Wm, 210 – 53 Wm e < 53 Wm. Em todas estas frações foi determinado o COT. O estoque total de C e N no PDP foi superior aos demais sistemas de manejo demonstrando maior manutenção do C no solo. O estoque de C nas frações granulométricas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as camadas amostradas, observando-se maior concentração de C na fração 210 a 53 Wm do PDP. Na fração 2000 – 210 Wm da camada de 0,0-2,5 cm observaram-se maior alteração no estoque de C devido aos sistemas de manejo durante as épocas de coleta, sendo a maior amplitude de variação atribuída ao PC. No PDP, o estoque de C foi maior em todas as épocas de coleta indicando que a manutenção dos resíduos culturais na superfície associada à proteção dos agregados permite maior acúmulo de C. Embora o estoque de C na fração < 53 Wm não apresentar diferenças significativas entre os sistemas de manejo, observou-se uma migração do C das frações mais grosseiras (210-53 e 2000-210 Wm) para esta fração mais recalcitrante, indicando um fluxo contínuo de C. O modelo de balanço de C proposto por Henin e Dupuis (1945) e ajustado para as condições locais revelou que a taxa de oxidação representada pelo K2 é inferior às simulações realizadas por outros autores, demonstrando a importância das condições locais. Com este modelo, a quantidade mínima de resíduos culturais para manter sistema PDP em equilíbrio foi de 8,05 Mg ha-1 ano-1 enquanto no PC não será possível atingir o equilíbrio com a quantidade de resíduos culturais aportada, sendo um sistema deficitário.
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Rezgui, Cyrine. "Etude du potentiel d'introduction de la culture du pois d'hiver dans les successions culturales en Normandie : conséquences sur les communautés microbiennes du sol et les flux d'azote Impacts of the winter pea crop (instead of rapeseed) on soil microbial communities, nitrogen balance and wheat yield Quantification et analyse des exsudats racinaires de pois, de blé et de colza : mise au point d’une méthodologie de collecte des exsudats racinaires N rhizodeposition quantification and root exudates characterization of pea (Pisum Sativum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under controlled conditions Linking soil microbial community to C and N dynamics during crop residues decomposition." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR047.

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La transition agroécologique vise la triple performance agronomique, écologique et sociétale des exploitations agricoles. Un certain nombre de pratiques agricoles permet d’envisager la construction et le développement de systèmes de culture répondant à ces contraintes. Les légumineuses, par leur capacité à fixer l’azote atmosphérique, sont une alternative intéressante aux intrants azotés. Outre l’absence de fertilisation lors de leur culture, elles fournissent de l’azote à la culture suivante. Il existe cependant un manque de références sur certaines légumineuses à graines et notamment la culture du pois d’hiver. En effet, si des données acquises dans différentes régions françaises sont disponibles, aucune référence n’a été publiée pour la Normandie où la culture du pois d’hiver connaît un récent regain d’intérêt. Cette thèse propose d’évaluer, sur une période de deux ans, l’effet du remplacement du colza par le pois d’hiver en tête de rotation en réalisant une analyse comparative de ces deux successions (pois d’hiver-blé et colza-blé). L’objectif était d’évaluer l’effet de ce changement de tête de rotation (pois d’hiver vs colza) sur l’état biologique du sol et les flux d’azote à différentes échelles spatiotemporelles. Les résultats ont révélé une forte variabilité spatio-temporelle dans la réponse des communautés microbiennes du sol, et mis en évidence l’importance du contexte pédoclimatique dans le déterminisme de l’abondance et de l’activité des communautés microbiennes du sol. Ils ont montré par ailleurs, l’effet positif du pois d’hiver sur la disponibilité de l’azote minéral au cours du cycle cultural et pour les cultures suivantes, ici le blé puis l’orge. Les apports d’azote minéral dans le sol lié à la contribution des parties racinaires via la rhizodéposition et à la dégradation des résidus de culture après récolte ont été évalués au cours de ce travail de thèse. En effet, si la rhizodéposition s’est révélée plus importante sous pois d’hiver, elle n’a pas eu d’impact significatif sur les communautés microbiennes rhizosphériques. Contrairement à ces observations, la dégradation des résidus de culture a significativement modifié la composition des communautés bactériennes en lien avec leur composition biochimique initiale. La succession culturale incluant le pois a enrichi le sol en azote minéral mais des risques de perte d’azote par lixiviation de l’ordre de 23 kg N. ha-1 ont été estimés. Ces constats soulignent l’importance d’adapter la conduite des systèmes de culture incluant le pois d’hiver, en limitant les pertes d’azote par lixiviation et en maximisant son utilisation par les cultures suivantes. Les résultats de ces travaux ont confirmé la diminution des quantités d’engrais azoté utilisées dans la succession contenant le pois, sans préjudice de productivité, ni pour le pois, ni pour la culture suivante, ici, le blé. Finalement, introduire le pois d’hiver dans la rotation de culture en région Normandie, semble permettre de répondre à la problématique d’augmentation du coût des intrants, et aux enjeux de transition agroécologique et d’autonomie protéique régionale
The agroecological transition targets triple agronomic, ecological, and societal performance of farms. Some new agricultural practices had emerged to develop a new cropping system to respond to these constraints. Legumes constitute an interesting alternative. Indeed, legumes are advantageous for soils due to their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The presence of compatible rhizobia combined to nitrogen-limited conditions promotes symbiosis which is the most efficient way for legumes to acquire more nitrogen. Compared with non-nodulated plants, symbiosis provides a competitive advantage by increasing soil nitrogen pool. However, some grain legumes, notably winter pea, are rarely studied, especially in the Normandy region where no reference has been published for this crop. The objective of this study is to compare two crop successions for a period of two years (winter pea-wheat and rapeseed-wheat), in order to assess the effect of replacing rapeseed by winter pea at the head of the rotation .We evaluated the effect of these two crops (winter pea vs rapeseed) on the biological state of the soil and nitrogen fluxes at different spatio-temporal scales. The results showed a significant spatio-temporal effect on the response of soil microbial communities and highlighted the importance of the pedoclimatic context in determining the abundance and activity of soil microbial communities. A positive effect of winter pea has been demonstrated on the availability of mineral nitrogen during the crop cycle and for following crops (wheat and barley). The supply of nitrogen to the soil is linked to the rhizodeposition of nitrogen via plants roots and the degradation of crop residues after harvest. Our results showed that winter pea exhibited the greatest amount of nitrogen rhizodeposition. However, rhizodeposition did not have a significant impact on rhizospheric microbial communities. Contrary to these observations, the degradation of crop residues significantly modified the composition of bacterial communities linked to their initial biochemical composition. Crop succession including winter pea enriched the soil with mineral nitrogen but simulation with STICS software revealed a nitrogen leaching around of 23 kg N. ha-1 during the cropping cycle. These findings underline the importance of adapting an adequate crop management system, including winter pea, to limit nitrogen losses. The results showed also that wheat yields after winter pea without the use of nitrogen fertilizers were equivalent to those obtained after rapeseed. However, rapeseed required significant nitrogen fertilization. Including winter pea in crop rotation in Normandy region may be a key to enhance productivity, to respond to the challenges of agroecological transition, regional protein autonomy, and to reduce environmental and economic costs, by reducing notably, the costs of fertilizers production and uses
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Grüning, Maren Marine. "Effects of insect mass outbreaks on the C and N balance in forest ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C143-7.

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McKenna, Amanda Marie. "Characterizing groundwater-surface water interactions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park using hydrologic, geochemical & isotopic data." 2007. http://etd.utk.edu/2007/McKennaAmanda.pdf.

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Books on the topic "C:N balance"

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Brêtas, Anilce de Araújo. Balanço eletrolítico estratégico na ração de suínos criados em clima quente. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-318-3.

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The effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance (EB) in rations for growing and finished swine under high temperatures ambient was evaluated. Two hundred male castrated pigs with initial average 25,3±1.3 kg were allotted in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments T1 diet without supplemented electrolyte 191 mEq/kg; T2 (supl B) diet supplementd with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 250 mEq/kg; T3 (supl B+C) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) 250 mEq/kg; T4 (supl B) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) 300 mEq/kg; T5 (supl B+C) diet supplemented (NaHCO3) and (KCl) 300 mEq/kg and four replication and 10 pigs per experimental unit. The average weight of the animals was 68,8±3,4 kg. The performance parameters evaluated were the feed intake (FI), the daily gain (DG), finished weight (FW), nitrogen intake (NI), lysine intake (LI), efficiency of N utilization for weight gain (ENUWG), efficiency of L utilization for weight gain (ELUWG) and the gain:feed ration and physiologic parameters to respiratory frequency (RF) and rectal temperature (RT). Blood was colleted to measure serum concentration of Na, Cl and K. The average temperature was 29,65±1,80ºC with (RU) of 69,6±10,4%. The levels of EB decreased (P<0,05) the (FI) and improved (NI). The others performance parameters evaluated weren’t influenced by treatments (P>0,05). In the termination phase the supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and or potassium chloride with 250 or 300 mEq/kg can be used to correct electrolyte balance under heat stress.
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Kelly, Phil. Defending Classical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.279.

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Three successive parts are presented within this article, all intended to raise the visibility and show the utility of classical geopolitics as a deserving and separate international-relations model: (a) a common traditional definition, (b) relevant theories that correspond to that definition, and (c) applications of certain theories that will delve at some depth into three case studies (the Ukrainian shatterbelt, contemporary Turkish geopolitics, and a North American heartland).The placement of states, regions, and resources, as affecting international relations and foreign policies, defines classical geopolitics. This definition emphasizes the application of spatially composed unbiased theories that should bring insight into foreign-affairs events and policies. Specifically, a “model” contains theories that correspond to its description. A “theory” is a simple sentence of probability, with “A” happening to likely affect “B.” Importantly, models are passive; they merely hold theories. In contrast, theories possess their own titles and perform actively when taken from such models.Various methodological challenges are presented: (a) combining concepts with theories, (b) estimating probability for testing theories, (c) claiming the “scientific,” (d) accounting for determinism, (e) revealing a dynamic environment for geopolitics, (f) separating realism from geopolitics, and (g) drawing classical geopolitics away from the critical. Certain theories that are placed within the geopolitical model are examined next: (a) heartlands and rimlands, (b) land and sea power, (c) choke points and maritime lines of communication, (d) offshore balancing, (e) the Monroe doctrine, (f) balances of power, (g) checkerboards, (h) shatterbelts, (i) pan-regions, (j) influence spheres, (k) dependency, (l) buffer states, (m) organic borders, (n) imperial thesis, (o) borders/wars, (p) contagion, (q) irredentism, (r) demography, (s) fluvial laws, (t) petro-politics, and (u) catastrophic events in nature. Additional theories apply elsewhere in the article as well.Of the three case studies, the Ukrainian shatterbelt represents the sole contemporary geopolitical configuration of this type, a regional conflict coupling with a strategic rivalry. Here, partisans of the civil war between the eastern and the western sectors of the country have joined with the Russians against the Europeans and Americans, respectively. Next, Turkey’s pivotal location has afforded it both advantages and disadvantages, a topic discussed at some length earlier in the article. Its “zero-problems” strategy of seeking positive relations with neighbors has now been forced to change tactics, reflective of new forces within and beyond the country. Finally, a North American heartland compares nicely to Halford Mackinder’s earlier Eurasia heartland thesis, with the American perhaps proving more stable, wealthy, and enduring, based in large part on its stronger geopolitical features.
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Book chapters on the topic "C:N balance"

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Aoyama, Shoki, Junji Yamaguchi, and Takeo Sato. "Methods for Elucidation of Plant Senescence in Response to C/N-Nutrient Balance." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 151–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_14.

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I., Vladimir, and Svetlana N. "The Role of C to N Balance in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Function." In Advances in Photosynthesis - Fundamental Aspects. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/28084.

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Bianchi, Thomas S. "Organic Matter Cycling." In Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160826.003.0017.

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In this chapter the general processes involved in controlling production and transformation of organic matter will be discussed as well as some of the associated stoichiometric changes of a few key biological elements (e.g., C, N, P, S). Stoichiometry is defined as the mass balance of chemical reactions as they relate to the law of definite proportions and conservation of mass (Sterner and Elser, 2002). For example, if we examine the average atomic ratios of C, N, and P in phytoplankton we see a relatively consistent ratio of 106:16:1 in most marine species. This is perhaps the best example of applied stoichiometric principles in natural ecosystems and is derived from the classic work of Alfred C. Redfield (1890–1983) (Redfield, 1958; Redfield et al., 1963). More specifically, Redfield compared the ratios of C, N, and P of dissolved nutrients in marine waters to that of suspended marine particulate matter (seston) (essentially phytoplankton) and found straight lines with equal slopes (figure 8.1; Redfield et al., 1963). This relationship suggested that marine biota were critical in determining the chemistry of the world ocean, clearly one of the most important historical findings linking chemical and biological oceanography (Falkowski, 2000). Moreover, the Redfield ratio has been further validated with recent data using improved analytical techniques (Karl et al., 1993; Hoppema and Goeyens, 1999). Other work has shown that there are predictable deviations from the Redfield ratio across a freshwater to open ocean marine gradient (figure 8.2; Downing, 1997). For example, N-to-P ratios in estuaries have commonly been shown to be lower and/or higher than the predicted Redfield ratio because of denitrification and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment processes, respectively. Inputs of vascular plant organic matter (e.g., mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses) to estuarine systems presents another problem in causing deviations of C:N:P from the Redfield ratio. Vascular plants have been shown to deviate from this ratio in part because of relatively high amounts of C and N compared to algae due to a higher abundance of structural support molecules (e.g., cellulose, lignin) and defense antiherbivory (secondary) compounds (e.g., tannins), respectively (Vitousek et al., 1988).
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Roeva, Olympia, Tsonyo Slavov, and Stefka Fidanova. "Population-Based vs. Single Point Search Meta-Heuristics for a PID Controller Tuning." In Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms, 200–233. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4450-2.ch007.

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This chapter presents a comparison of population-based (e.g. Genetic Algorithms (GA), Firefly Algorithm (FA), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO))and single point search meta-heuristic methods (e.g. Simulated Annealing (SA), Threshold Accepting (TA), and Tabu Search (TS)) applied to an optimal tuning of a universal digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The PID controllers control feed rate and maintain glucose concentration at the desired set point for an E. coli MC4110 fed-batch cultivation process. The model of the cultivation process is represented by dynamic non-linear mass balance equations for biomass and substrate. In the control the design measurement, process noise, and time delay of the glucose measurement system were taken into account. To achieve good closed-loop system the constants (Kp, Ti, Td, b, c and N) were tuned in the PID controller algorithm so the controller can provide control action designed for the specific process requirements resulting in an optimal set of PID controller settings. For a time the controllers set and maintained the control variable at the desired set point during the E. coli MC4110 fed-batch cultivation process. Average, best, and worst objective function values and PID controller's parameters were used as criteria to compare the performance of the considered meta-heuristic algorithms. This indicates that the population-based meta-heuristics performs better than the single point search methods. GA and ACO show better performance than FA. It also indicates that TS results are comparable to those of FA. The results show that SA and TA algorithms failed to solve the PID controller tuning problem.
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"ahcutm io annslairfee , m pr oosptee rt f y fe , c a ti nvdep if roddo uctive capacity. These is a critical element of the hydrological system. fervoem nt . o T ne hena ty tu preaslohrafzoarrmdstoofam no it n ig eaitn io nadavcat nce of the Information on the status of snowpack conditions can m ther. Droug iv hitt -i reeslavtaerdyfporroevciadsets co onfsb id e e lo ra w b -le noardmvaalncse tr dealm ea f d lo t w im aend fo rrerseelr ia vbolierf th ro it m ig ati e in tshioosne act diou u s se io dnfsoraroet , h e for the most part, different levels. gation is the indaetnutrie fi coaf ti ohran za artd ural hazards because of •Monitoring and early warning refers to activities with previous droughts a n of t . heAifm ir psatcsttsepa ss in ocm iat i e ti d ­ tdheacti si pornovm id aekeirnsfo at r m al a l ti l o ev neltsho at ftchaenobneseutsoefddtroouaglhetr . t w th ietshefium tu praectds ro (a ungdhtotehvee rs n ) daarnea li skseelsysm to enbteoafsw so hcei ther This information can be used by planners, emergency actions can be identifie n d ts. From this point, spec aitfeidcimmapnlaegmee rs n , tpporlo ic g y ra amnmdedsecainsd io pnom lic aikees rs th , aatnwd il o l th he elrpsttooo fu f t ur im epdarcotus gh atsseovceinattse . d Pa rttoIV re edm uc pehatsh is eesim th peacr ts of reduce the risk associated with the hazard. Moni­ geographical settings as wwie th ll adsrom ug et hhtodionl og viaerasinoguest to doa ri cat tia ng activities include the collection and analysis of quantify these impacts. Part V considers adjustment user o , ndo at fadaptraodpu ro cdtudcetvsetloopdm ec einsti , onanmdak th e e rs caonmdm ot uhneir ­ a an nddaPdaarpt ta V ti Ioncosn tr caetn eg tr iaetsesemopnlopyreedpatroed re ndeu ss cem im et phaocd ts ­ h in aza s r . dDsabtuat in a cludes not only physical data related to olo the definit lisoon so ocfiavlualn ne drabb io il lio ty g . icA al d co a m ta ptrheahtenassisv is ethgaavtg io ie n s , pr iong st ria tu m ti m on es alaanrdr an a g ct eim on esn , ts a /c nadpapco it liiecs ie , s miti­ drought monitoring system would include the collec­ imp e a ct bseo en f dr oorugchotu . ld be employed to reduce th th aetp ti roenc ip o it f a tio cl n i ) maastow lo el gliacsals tre daam ta f lo ( w e. , g r . e , se trevm oi prearnad tu grreouanndd ­ t • oPrienpcarreeadsneestshe re fleervseltoofprreedaidsiansetsesraocr tivities designed w se a n ter levels, soil moisture, snowpack, and remo improve oper­ cast ssedodfataagfrriocm satellites. This information is useful in ftoerley ­ aan ti on eamlearngdenicnys tit ( uet . igo ., naelacra ly p ab w il air ti neisng fo rsryess te p m on s, d in ogpetro ­ itnod ri i n ce gsatnodte ra acru ly ltw ur aarlnianngdtehcyhdnrioqluoegsi , cianlcldurdoiungghtth . e M us oeno i­ f u at sieofnuallfpolrands) e . no Fto in rgdrpor ught, contingency plans are them in a histo kriccu al rrent d ogrammatic responsibilities; contex ro t, u is g h th teco su nbdjie ti cotnosfaPnadrttIoIIv . iew p im ol p ic rioevsinbgetiw nf eoernmaatn io dnw fl iotw hi nonlesveev ls e ri o ty, im and coordination between levels of gov fergnomv pac eenrtn ts m , ean nd . t; d •P ec re is diiocn ti / opnolriecfyermsatkoerascw tiv it it hieasdtvhaantcepd ro fvoirdeecauss ts eros and D f the m sh a ro l ught i oul pdarntoosfan th i e nsidi t be vi ecw li e m ou aste nat d as m of ural hazard tha erveilrytuaalp ly hyaslilcarletg is pihoaensn no . omIrt ­ o ­ a fo crcm ur s r , ebnu ce tporfodbraobu il g it hyt . These forecasts can take many enon. Rather, drought is the result of an interplay p n re ddi in ct tieonnss it . yoFrorseecvaes ri ttyo ) fiso ccurrenc accu ursaucay ll yiaes so (t c im iat e e , ddw ura s highly viatrh ti o th n e , w be attw er eesnua natural event and the demand placed on between natural iable be consi pdpelryedbyrh el uam tiv aen -u to se ssoym ste emlso . nDg-rtoeurgmhtasvheo ra u g ld eidm ro puogrh ta ts ntincom ns oishtapzaarrtdssoafntdhe is w pa orrtlidc . ulLae rl deration for drought fore aydltiimm it eed is f a or condition of balance between precipitation and so d casts as well n , eva M po atnry an dsepfiirnaittiioonn . s of drought exist; it is unrealistic a in ncdorepco is riaotnem th akers are given ample opportunity to to expect a universal definition to be derived. Th the imple imseinntfao ti romnato io fnmiin ti g p at liaonnn in pr gogsrta ra m te mge ie s s . sDpreocu ti g ve htc as anfboe ll ogw ro s: u pe mdetbeyortoylpoegiocfald , isc hiypd li rnoalroygipcearl ­ , c lo agse ts reof is m al estoeoarno lo im gi pcoarl ta d n ro tudg is httinacn ti don th boe se tw oefenhyfdorroe -­ ian gric ical drought, especially in regions where snowpack so cco io rup ltur ec o o ra ntaels , d an omic if d f fe re snotc ioeco actors ipnhy it s n ic oaml, ic b . s defini io E lo agcihc al, d is a cipline tion. It mu nsdt /o be r." In Droughts, 46. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-33.

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Conference papers on the topic "C:N balance"

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Hossain, Anamul, Joanne L. Tipper, and Dongbin Wei. "Analysis of a Multi-Material Bone Plate and its Effect on Interfragmentary Strain for Bone Remodeling Processes." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8395.

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Abstract The success of bone repair using an internal fracture fixation technique is critically dependent on the stability and biological process between the fragmented bones. However, the currently used bone plates mainly focus on stability rather than biology of healing, which subsequently (a) results in significant stress-shielding effects and (b) prevents stress from transferring from the bone plate to the bone during the healing process. This study proposes a novel design of a bone plate for the fixation of long fractured bones, which can mitigate these disadvantages to strike a balance between stability and biology. The new multi-material design adopts stainless steel (SS316L) and magnesium alloy (AZ31B) of three thicknesses such as SS316L (1mm)-AZ31B (2mm), SS316L (1.5mm)-AZ31B (1.5mm), and SS316L (2mm)-AZ31B (1mm). The mechanical properties (bending stiffness and moment) of the bone plates were evaluated according to the ASTM: F382-17 standard. Static corrosion tests were conducted in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at 37.5 °C. Compared with those of the original (non-corroded) bone plates, the maximum load-carrying capacities of the corroded bone plates decreased from 670 N to 495 N, 891 N to 518 N, and 928 N to 709 N in the case of SS316L (1mm)-AZ31B (2mm), SS316L (1.5mm)-AZ31B (1.5mm), and SS316L (2mm)-AZ31B(1mm), respectively. Digital image correlation was utilized to evaluate the inter-fragmentary strain (IFS) in the physical model of fractured bone plates. The IFS increased from 0.526 to 0.815, 0.484 to 0.784, and 0.455 to 0.533 in the case of SS316L (1mm)-AZ31B (2mm), SS316L (1.5mm)-AZ31B (1.5mm), and SS316L (2mm)-AZ31B (1mm), respectively, when a load of 200 N was applied. An optimized design of the bone plate of SS316L and AZ31B for granulation tissue formation based on Perren’s theory and IFS was successfully proposed.
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Horn, Agnes Marie, Erling Østby, Per Olav Moslet, and Mons Hauge. "The Fracture Resistance Approach in Order to Prevent Brittle Failure of Offshore Structures Under Arctic Environments." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54341.

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This paper is concerned with the challenges related to steel design under Arctic conditions where both loading and temperature have been discussed in relation to material requirements. Today there is a lack of rules and standards for selecting steel materials for bulk engineering for a lower design temperature than −10°C (NORSOK N-004 [1] allows down to −14°C). Both ISO 19902 Steel Structures [2] and NORSOK N-004 Design of steel structures make reference to EN10225 “Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures technical delivery conditions [5]” where steel materials are Charpy tested at a lowest test temperature of −40°C and proven for a design of −10°C. Hence, one major challenge for designers are to specify adequate toughness requirements at an early stage of the design process for low temperature applications. Both NORSOK N-004[1] and ISO 19902[2] provide requirements to load combinations that need to be fulfilled, however the relationship between various load types and temperature is not mentioned in any of these standards. Thus, in the design stage the material needs to demonstrate adequate toughness where loading and temperature are treated independently. For the offshore industry, the main question is the balance between materials requirements and cost-effective solutions, and how to address this within an overall design perspective in order to avoid brittle failure. This paper discusses some of these challenges with the aim of starting a focused process leading up to a clear interpretation of the implications of overall design philosophies, necessary in order to define consistent materials requirements ensuring that brittle fracture is not going to represent a significant threat to the structural integrity. The material recommendations provided in the paper are based on the latest research results from the Arctic Materials project (2008–2017) managed by SINTEF and supported by the industry.
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Hua, Dingguo, E. A. Elsayed, Khalifa N. Al-Khalifa, and Abdelmagid S. Hamouda. "Reliability estimation of load sharing capacity-c-out-of-n pairs:G Balanced system." In 2015 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phm.2015.7380020.

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Ditter, H., Fr R. Matthias, R. Voss, and P. Rottger. "PROSTACYCLIN IMPROVES SURVIVAL AND REDUCES MICROCLOT FORMATION IN RABBIT ENDOTOXEMIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644691.

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Arachidonic acid metabolites seem to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of endotoxin (ET) shock. Therefore, attempts to intervene into the balance of eicosanoids may affect the course of ET shock. Several studies had shown a reduction of ET-induced mortality by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in various animal species.We investigated whether an infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) has an effect on survival rates and on the incidence of renal microclots in a rabbit shock model, which is based on an intravenous infusion of ET over 4 hours. Thirty animals being exposed to 75 μg/kg x h of lipopolysaccharide B, were allocated to three groups (E, El, EA; n=10 each), either receiving ET only (E), or PGI2 (500 ng/kg x min) simultaneously to ET (El), or aspirin (20 mg/kg) before ET (EA).A control group (C; saline infusion) consisted of 8 animals.At the end of the observation period (8 hours), the mortality of the treated animals (El and EA: 4/10 each) was significantly lower than in group E (8/10). However, only in the PGI2-treated group El a significant reduction of ET-induced glomerular fibrin deposition (GFD) was observed. Indices of GFD after semi-quantitative evaluation of renal slices were 10/27 (E), 1/24 (El), 3/21 (EA), and 0/24 (C). PGI2 exerted a platelet protective effect as shown by higher blood platelet counts (El 61.3 % vs. E 33.4 % of initial values), and a better preserved aggregation (El 60.5 % vs.E 31.7 %) and thromboxane formation capacity (El 52.0 ng/ml vs.E 23.4 ng/ml) of platelet rich plasma stimulated by 5 μg/ml collagen (all values at six hours after the start of ET infusion).ET caused a profound granulocytopenia which was not prevented by PGI2. Furthermore, PGI2 did not affect the ET-induced metabolic acidosis.These data confirm a beneficial effect of prostacyclin during a prolonged endotoxemia in rabbits, which may be a consequence of the known vasodilating, platelet inhibiting and cytoprotective properties of the substance.
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Muñoz, David. "New strategies in proprioception’s analysis for newer theories about sensorimotor control." In Systems & Design 2017. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/sd2017.2017.6903.

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Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. Roren, A., Mayoux-Benhamou, M.A., Fayad, F., Poiraudeau, S., Lantz, D., Revel, M. (2008). Comparison of visual and ultrasound based techniques to measure head repositioning in healthy and neck-pain subjects. Manual Ther. 10.1016/j.math.2008.03.002. Hillier, S., Immink, M., Thewlis, D. (2015). Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehab. Neural Repair. 29(10) 933–949. Hooper, T.L., James, C.R., Brismée, J.M., Rogers, T.J., Gilbert, K.K., Browne, K.L, Sizer, P.S. (2016). Dynamic Balance as Measured by the Y-Balance Test Is Reduced in Individuals with low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Phys. Ther. Sport,10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.04.006. Zemková, G., Stefániková, G., Muyor, J.M. (2016). Load release balance test under unstable conditions effectivelydiscriminates between physically active and sedentary young adults. Glave, A.P., Didier, J.J., Weatherwax, J., Browning, S.J., Fiaud, Vanessa. (2014). Testing Postural Stability: Are the Star Excursion Balance Test and Biodex Balance System Limits of Stability Tests Consistent? Gait Posture. 43(2016) 225-227. Han, Jian., Waddington, G., Adams, R., Anson, J., Liu, Y. (2014). Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. J. Sport Health Sci.10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004. Hosp, S., Bottoni, G., Heinrich, D., Kofler, P., Hasler, M., Nachbauer, W. (2014). A pilot study of the effect of Kinesiology tape on knee proprioception after physical activity in healthy women. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 18 (2015) 709-713. Mima, T., Terada, K., Ikeda, A., Fukuyama, H., Takigawa, T., Kimura, J., Shibasaki, H. (1996). Afferent mechanism of cortical myoclonus studied by proprioception-related SEPs. Clin. Neurophysiol. 104 (1997) 51-59. Myers, J.B., Lephart, S.M. (2000). The Role of the Sensorimotor System in the Athletic Shoulder. J. Athl.Training.35 (3) 351-363. Rossi, S., della Volpe, R., Ginannesch, F., Ulivelli, M., Bartalini, S., Spidalieri, R., Rossi, A. (2003). Early somatosensory processing during tonic muscle pain in humans: relation to loss of proprioception and motor 'defensive' strategies. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00073-7. Chaudhary, U., Birbaumer, N., Curado, M.R. (2014). Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) in paralysis. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med.10.1016/j.rehab.2014.11.002. Delorme, A., Makeig, S. (2003). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Arnfred, S.M. (2006). ERPWAVELAB: A toolbox for multi-channel analysis of time-frequency transformed event related potentials. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.11.008. Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K., Szelenberger, W. (1996). Topographic analysis of coherence and propagation of EEG activity during sleep and wakefulness. Clin. Neurophysiol. 102 (1997) 216-227. Korzeniewska, A., Manczak, M., Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K.J., Kasicki, S. (2003). Determination of information flow direction among brain structures by a modified directed transfer function (dDTF) method. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/S0165-0270(03)00052-9. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Parnas, J., Arnfred, S.M. (2005). Parallel Factor Analysis as an exploratory tool for wavelet transformed event-related EEG. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.005. Barwick, F., Arnett, P., Slobounov, S. (2011). EEG correlates of fatigue during administration of a neuropsychological test battery. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.06.027. Osuagwu, B.A., Vuckovic, A. (2014). Similarities between explicit and implicit motor imagery in mental rotation of hands: An EEG study. Neuropsycholgia. Buzsáki, G. (2006). Rhythms of the brain. Ed. Oxford. USA. Trappenberg, T.P. (2010). Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience. Ed. Oxford. UK. Koessler, L., Maillard, L., Benhadid, A., Vignal, J.P., Felblinger, J., Vespignani, H., Braun, M. (2009). Automated cortical projection of EEG: Anatomical correlation via the international 10-10 system. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.006. Jurcak, V., Tsuzuki, Daisuke., Dan, I. (2007). 10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems revisited: Their validity as relativehead-surface-based positioning systems. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024. Chuang, L.Y., Huang, C.J., Hung, T.M. (2013). The differences in frontal midline theta power between successful and unsuccessful basketball free throws of elite basketball players. Int. J. Psychophysiology.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.10.002. Wang, C.H., Tsai, C.L., Tu, K.C., Muggleton, N.G., Juan, C.H., Liang, W.K. (2014). Modulation of brain oscillations during fundamental visuo-spatialprocessing: A comparison between female collegiate badmintonplayers and sedentary controls. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.003. Proverbio, A.L., Crotti, N., Manfredi, Mirella., Adomi, R., Zani, A. (2012). Who needs a referee? How incorrect basketball actions are automatically detected by basketball players’ brain. Sci Rep-UK. 10.1038/srep00883. Cheng, M.Y., Hung, C.L., Huang, C.J., Chang, Y.K., Lo, L.C., Shen, C., Hung, T.M. (2015). Expert-novice differences in SMR activity during dart throwing. Biol. Psychol.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.08.003. Ring, C., Cooke, A., Kavussanu, M., McIntyre, D., Masters, R. (2014). Investigating the efficacy of neurofeedback training for expeditingexpertise and excellence in sport. Psychol. SportExerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.005. Park, J.L., Fairweather, M.M., Donaldson, D.I. (2015). Making the case for mobile cognition: EEG and sports performance. Neurosci. Biobehav. R. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.014. Babiloni, C., Marzano, N., Infarinato, F., Iacoboni, M., Rizza, G. (2009). Neural efficency of experts’ brain during judgement of actions: A high -resolution EEG study in elite and amateur karate athletes. Behav. Brain. Res. 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.034. Jain, S., Gourab, K., Schindler-Ivens, S., Schmit, B.D. (2012). EEG during peddling: Evidence for cortical control of locomotor tasks. Clin. Neurophysiol.10.1016/j.clinph.2012.08.021. Behmer Jr., L.P., Fournier, L.R. (2013). Working memory modulates neural efficiency over motor components during a novel action planning task: An EEG study. Behav. Brain. Res. 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.031.
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Kishore Kumar, Panchagnula, and Panchagnula Jayaprakash Sharma. "Effect of Cutting Environments on Drilling Induced Damage in GFRP Nanocomposites." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23302.

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Abstract Drilling is most commonly used secondary machining process for structural joining of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composites. Performing drilling operations on GFRPs/Multi-Walled CarbonNanoTubes (MWCNTs) reinforced GFRPs is really a challenging task due to their non-homogeneity and anisotropic behavior, which directs to generation of material damages. The prime focus of current work is to identify the suitable process parameters for enhancing the performance of drilling of GFRP nanocomposites. In this study, the drilling experiments are conducted on 0.3wt.% MWCNT-GFRP nanocomposites with solid carbide, TiCN and TiAlN coated drills (6mm diameter) under dry and chilled air cutting environments. The dry drilling experiments are conducted without any assistance of cooling fluid in ambient condition. The chilled air at a temperature of 3°C was supplied from the vortex tube. Experimental data is used for ANOVA (balanced) analysis. The cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed and tool type (coating) are considered as input and the measured thrust force, delamination factor and AE RMS signal are treated as output responses. From ANOVA results, it is observed that the influence of feed rate is more on thrust force as compared to cutting speed. The coefficients of determination (R2) shows good fit between thrust force and cutting parameters and the corresponding confidence levels are above 98% for all cutting environments. Similarly, R2 values of delamination factor and AE RMS signals are above 90% and 96% respectively. The minimum thrust force and torque values are noted as 12.61 N and 0.152 N-m respectively at lower feed rate (10 mm/min) and higher cutting speed (1500 RPM) using TiCN coated drill under chilled air cutting environment. The delamination factor is also low (1.025) under the same cutting conditions of minimum cutting forces. A good correlation exists between the thrust force vs. delamination factor (&gt; 0.85) and the delamination factor vs. AE RMS signal (&gt; 0.80) for the selected cutting environments. The recommended range of RMS voltage is 0.083 to 0.121 volts for producing the delamination free holes on GFRP nanocomposites.
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Faravelli, Tiziano, Alessio Frassoldati, Eliseo Ranzi, Francesco Miccio, and Michele Miccio. "Modeling Homogeneous Combustion in Bubbling Beds Burning Liquid Fuels." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-133.

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Abstract:
This paper presents a first implementation of a model for the description of homogeneous combustion of different fuels in fluidized bed combustors (FBC) at temperatures lower than the classical value for solid fuels, i.e. 850°C. Model construction is based on a key feature of the bubbling fluidized bed: a fuel-rich (endogenous) bubble is generated at the fuel injection point, travels inside the bed at constant pressure and undergoes chemical conversion in presence of mass transfer with the emulsion phase and of coalescence with air (exogenous) bubbles formed at the distributor and, possibly, with other endogenous bubbles. The model couples a fluid-dynamic sub-model based on the two phases theory of fluidization with a sub-model of gas phase oxidation. To this end, model development takes full advantage of a detailed chemical kinetics scheme, which includes both the low and high temperature mechanisms of hydrocarbon oxidation and accounts for about 200 molecular and radical species involved in more than 5000 reactions. Simple hypotheses are made to set-up and close mass balances of the various species as well as enthalpy balances in the bed. First, conversion and oxidation of gaseous fuels (e.g. methane) have been calculated as a test case for the model; then, n-dodecane has been taken into consideration to simply represent a diesel fuel by means of a pure hydrocarbon. Model predictions qualitatively agree with some evidences coming from experimental data reported in the literature. The fate of hydrocarbon species is extremely sensitive to temperature changes and oxygen availability in the rising bubble. A preliminary model validation has been attempted against the results of experiments carried out on a pre-pilot, bubbling combustor fired with underbed injection of a diesel fuel. In particular, model results confirm the trends that the heat release either in the bed or in the freeboard experimentally shows as a function of bed temperature. At lower emulsion phase temperatures many combustible species leave unburned the bed, post-combustion occurs past the bed and freeboard temperature considerably increases; as it is well known, this is an undesirable feature from the viewpoints of practical application and emission control.
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